Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE

Wednesday 17 June 2020

Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference 9FM0/3D

Further Mathematics
Advanced
Paper 3D: Decision Mathematics 1

You must have:

Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables (Green), calculator,
Decision Mathematics Answer Book (enclosed)

Candidates may use any calculator permitted by Pearson regulations.

Calculators must not have the facility for symbolic algebra manipulation,
differentiation and integration, or have retrievable mathematical
formulae stored in them.
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• IfWrite
pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• answeryourbookanswers for this paper in the Decision Mathematics
provided.
• centre number andat candidate
Fill in the boxes the top of the answer book with your name,
number.
• Do not return the question paper with the answer book.
• clearly
Answer all questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are
labelled.
• Answer the questions in the answer book provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear.
Answers without working may not gain full credit.
• Inexact
stated.
answers should be given to three significant figures unless otherwise

Information
• AThere
booklet ‘Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables’ is provided.
• The marks
are 7 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
• – use this asfora guide
each question are shown in brackets
as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check
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1. The table below shows the lengths, in km, of the roads in a network connecting seven towns,
A, B, C, D, E, F and G.

A B C D E F G
A – 24 – 22 35 – –
B 24 – 25 27 – – –
C – 25 – 33 31 36 26
D 22 27 33 – – 42 –
E 35 – 31 – – 37 29
F – – 36 42 37 – 40
G – – 26 – 29 40 –

(a) By adding the arcs from vertex D along with their weights, complete the drawing of
the network on Diagram 1 in the answer book.
(2)
(b) Use Kruskal’s algorithm to find a minimum spanning tree for the network. You
should list the arcs in the order that you consider them. In each case, state whether
you are adding the arc to your minimum spanning tree.
(3)
(c) State the weight of the minimum spanning tree.
(1)

(Total for Question 1 is 6 marks)

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 2.

D(4) K(5)

A(6) E(5) L(6)

I(4)

B(7) F(3)

G(4)
C(5) J(6)

H(3)
Figure 1
The network in Figure 1 shows the activities that need to be undertaken to complete
a project. Each activity is represented by an arc and the duration, in hours, of the
corresponding activity is shown in brackets.
(a) Explain why each of the dummy activities is required.
(2)
(b) Complete the table in the answer book to show the immediately preceding activities
for each activity.
(2)
(c) (i) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and the
late event times.
(ii) State the minimum completion time for the project.
(iii) State the critical activities.
(6)
Each activity requires one worker. Each worker is able to do any of the activities. Once
an activity is started it must be completed without interruption.
(d) On Grid 1 in the answer book, draw a resource histogram to show the number of workers
required at each time when each activity begins at its earliest possible start time.
(3)
(e) Determine whether or not the project can be completed in the minimum possible time
using fewer workers than the number indicated by the resource histogram in (d). You
must justify your answer with reference to the resource histogram and the completed
Diagram 1.
(2)

(Total for Question 2 is 15 marks)

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3.
A 8 B

4 C 3
7 10

1 6

D 1 E
Figure 2
Direct roads between five villages, A, B, C, D and E, are shown in Figure 2. The weight
on each arc is the time, in minutes, it takes to travel along the corresponding road. The
road from D to C is one-way as indicated by the arrow on the corresponding arc.
Floyd’s algorithm is to be used to find the complete network of shortest times between
the five villages.
(a) Set up initial time and route matrices.
(2)
The matrices after two iterations of Floyd’s algorithm are shown below.

Time matrix Route matrix

A B C D E A B C D E
A – 8 4 7 18 A A B C D B
B 8 – 3 15 10 B A B C A E
C 4 3 – 11 6 C A B C A E
D 7 15 1 – 1 D A A C D E
E 18 10 6 1 –            E B B C D E

(b) Perform the next two iterations of Floyd’s algorithm that follow from the tables
above. You should show the time and route matrices after each iteration.
(4)
The final time matrix after completion of Floyd’s algorithm is shown below.

Final time matrix

A B C D E
A – 7 4 7 8
B 7 – 3 10 9
C 4 3 – 7 6
D 5 4 1 – 1
E 6 5 2 1 –

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 (c) (i) Use the nearest neighbour algorithm, starting at A, to find a Hamiltonian cycle in
the complete network of shortest times.
(ii) Find the time taken for this cycle.
(iii) Interpret the cycle in terms of the actual villages visited.
(3)

(Total for Question 3 is 9 marks)

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4.

y
2y = 5x
7–
y=x+1
6–

5–

4–

3– R

2–

1–

–
O x
–

–
1 2 3 4 5
6x + 5y = 30
Figure 3

Figure 3 shows the constraints of a linear programming problem in x and y, where R is

the feasible region.
(a) Write down the inequalities that define R.
(2)
The objective is to maximise P, where P = 3x + y
(b) Obtain the exact value of P at each of the three vertices of R and hence find the
optimal vertex, V.
(4)
The objective is changed to maximise Q, where Q = 3x + ay. Given that a is a constant
and the optimal vertex is still V,
(c) find the range of possible values of a.
(4)

(Total for Question 4 is 10 marks)

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 5. The nine distinct numbers in the following list are to be packed into bins of size 50

23    17    19    x    24    8    18    10    21
When the first-fit bin packing algorithm is applied to the numbers in the list it results in
the following allocation.
Bin 1:  23    17     8
Bin 2:  19     x    10
Bin 3:  24    18
Bin 4:  21
(a) Explain why 13 < x < 21
(3)
The same list of numbers is to be sorted into descending order. A bubble sort, starting at
the left-hand end of the list, is to be used to obtain the sorted list. After the first complete
pass the list is

23    19    17    24    x    18    10    21    8
(b) Using this information, write down the smallest interval that must contain x, giving
your answer as an inequality.
(2)
When the first-fit decreasing bin packing algorithm is applied to the nine distinct
numbers it results in the following allocation.
Bin 1:  24    23
Bin 2:  21    19    10
Bin 3:  18    17     x
Bin 4:   8
Given that only one of the bins is full and that x is an integer,
(c) calculate the value of x. You must give reasons for your answer.
(2)

(Total for Question 5 is 7 marks)

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6.
E
B

19 x
24 15

42 45 F
A
C
21
65 31 24
34

D y
G
Figure 4

[The total weight of the network is 320 + x + y]

(a) State, with justification, whether the graph in Figure 4 is Eulerian, semi-Eulerian or neither.
(2)
The weights on the arcs in Figure 4 represent distances. The weight on arc EF is x where
12 < x < 26 and the weight on arc DG is y where 0 < y < 10
An inspection route of minimum length that traverses each arc at least once is found.
The inspection route starts and finishes at A and has a length of 409
It is also given that the length of the shortest route from F to G via A is 140
(b) Using appropriate algorithms, find the value of x and the value of y.
(9)

(Total for Question 6 is 11 marks)

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 7. A maximisation linear programming problem in x, y and z is to be solved using the
two-stage simplex method.
The partially completed initial tableau is shown below.

Basic
x y z s1 s2 s3 a1 a2 Value
variable
s1 1 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 45
a1 3 2 0 0 –1 0 1 0 9
a2 –1 0 4 0 0 –1 0 1 4
P –2 –1 –3 0 0 0 0 0 0
A

(a) Using the information in the above tableau, formulate the linear programming
problem. State the objective and list the constraints as inequalities.
(4)
(b) Complete the bottom row of Table 1 in the answer book. You should make your
method and working clear.
(2)
The following tableau is obtained after two iterations of the first stage of the two-stage
simplex method.

Basic
x y z s1 s2 s3 a1 a2 Value
variable
s1 0
5
0 1
7 3
− 12
7
− 34 147
6 12   4 4

x 1
2
0 0 − 13   0
1
  0 3
3   3
z 0
1
6 1 0 − 12
1
− 14 1
  12   4
1 7
4
5
P 0 6 0 0 − 12
11
− 34 11
  12   4
3 45
4

A 0 0 0 0 0   0   1   1 0

(c) (i) Explain how the above tableau shows that a basic feasible solution has been
found for the original linear programming problem.
(ii) Write down the basic feasible solution for the second stage.
(3)
(d) Taking the most negative number in the profit row to indicate the pivot column,
perform one complete iteration of the second stage of the two-stage simplex method,
to obtain a new tableau, T. Make your method clear by stating the row operations
you use.
(5)

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 (e) (i) Explain, using T, whether or not an optimal solution to the original linear
programming problem has been found.
(ii) Write down the value of the objective function.
(iii) State the values of the basic variables.
(3)

(Total for Question 7 is 17 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER IS 75 MARKS

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 Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
Level 3 GCE
Wednesday 17 June 2020
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference 9FM0/3D

Further Mathematics
Advanced
Paper 3D: Decision Mathematics 1

Answer book Total Marks

Do not return the question paper with the answer book.

Turn over

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1.
A B C D E F G
A – 24 – 22 35 – –

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B 24 – 25 27 – – –
C – 25 – 33 31 36 26
D 22 27 33 – – 42 –
E 35 – 31 – – 37 29
F – – 36 42 37 – 40
G – – 26 – 29 40 –

B
25 C

24

26
A
D 36

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G
35 31
29 40

E 37 F

Diagram 1
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 Question 1 continued
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(Total for Question 1 is 6 marks)

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2. (a)
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(b)

Immediately Immediately Immediately

Activity preceding Activity preceding Activity preceding
activities activities activities
A E I

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B F J

C G K

D H L

D(4) K(5)

E(5)
A(6) I(4) L(6)

B(7) F(3)
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G(4)
Key:
C(5) J(6)
Early
event
time
Late
H(3) event
time
Diagram 1

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number of 6
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workers 5
4
3
2
1

O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
time
(hours)
Grid 1
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(Total for Question 2 is 15 marks)

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3. (a)
Initial time matrix Initial route matrix

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A B C D E A B C D E
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
          
(b)
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A A
B B

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C C
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Time matrix Route matrix

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B B
C C
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 Question 3 continued
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Question 3 continued
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 Question 3 continued
Only use these matrices if you have made an error in your working.
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(a)
Spare copy of initial time matrix Spare copy of initial route matrix

A B C D E A B C D E
A A
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E E
          
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A A
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(Total for Question 3 is 9 marks)

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4.
y
2y = 5x

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7–
y=x+1
6–

5–

4–

3– R

2–

1–

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–
O x
–

–
1 2 3 4 5
6x + 5y = 30
Figure 3
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(Total for Question 4 is 10 marks)

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5. 23    17    19    x    24    8    18    10    21
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 Question 5 continued
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(Total for Question 5 is 7 marks)

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 6. (a)

16
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B E

x
24 15 19

45 F
A 42 C

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D G
y
Key:

Order of Final
Vertex
labelling value

Working values

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(Total for Question 6 is 11 marks)

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Basic

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x y z s1 s2 s3 a1 a2 Value
variable
s1 1 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 45
a1 3 2 0 0 –1 0 1 0 9
a2 –1 0 4 0 0 –1 0 1 4
P –2 –1 –3 0 0 0 0 0 0
A

Table 1
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b.v. x y z s1 s2 s3 Value
3 147
0 0 1
7
s1
5
6 12 4 4

x 1
2
3 0 0 − 13 0 3
− 12
1
− 14 7
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0
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1 0
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z 6 4
5
P 0 6 0 0 − 12
11
− 34 45
4

b.v. x y z s1 s2 s3 Value Row Ops

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P
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(Total for Question 7 is 17 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER IS 75 MARKS

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