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GB cÖKvkbvwU B-Kgvm© G‡mvwm‡qkb Ae evsjv‡`k (B-K¨ve) KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ,

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cÖ_g ms¯‹iYwU ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖKvkbvwUi welqe¯‘ mg~n B-K¨ve KZ…©K msiwÿZ|
cÖ_g ms¯‹iYwU AbjvB‡b webvg~‡j¨ msMÖn Kiv hv‡e Ges weµ‡qi Rb¨ bq|
we: `ª: GB eBwU KwcivBU AvB‡b wbewÜZ|
webv AbygwZ‡Z eBwUi mKj cÖKvi hvwš¿K KwcKiY wbwl×|

2-c„ôv
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A_©bxwZ I cwi‡e‡ki Dbœq‡b cÖavb wbqvgKI Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³| Avi Rxeb‰kjxi wWwRUvj
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fwel¨r e¨emvq `ywbqvq GwM‡q _vKvi im`|
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`ye©jZv, w¶cÖZv Ges evRv‡ii Avmbœ ûgwK AvMvg AvuP K‡i Zv cÖwZnZ Kivi welqwUI iß Ki‡Z
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c„ôv- 3
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4-c„ôv
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di wd«Wg wek¦Ry‡o 65wUiI †ewk †`‡k KvR Ki‡Q|
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Avgv‡`i Kv‡Ri †¶Î¸‡jv n‡jv :

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Ges B›Uvi‡bU cwiPvjbvg~jK welq¸‡jv mg_©b Kiv; Ges ¯§vU© kni|

c„ôv- 5
 m~wPcÎ
Aa¨vq 01 B-Kgv‡m©i m~Pbv ......................................................................... 08
Aa¨vq 02 cÖPwjZ e¨emv‡K B-e¨emvq cwiYZ Kiv ............................................ 11
Aa¨vq 03 Rxeb Ges e¨emvqwqK mvd‡j¨i Rb¨ †gvwU‡fkb ................................. 17
Aa¨vq 04 D‡`¨v³vi g‡bvweÁvb ................................................................... 19
Aa¨vq 05 e¨emvi bZyb my‡hvM Ges D‡`¨v³v‡`i `„wófw½ .................................... 23
Aa¨vq 06 B-Kgvm© Kb‡U›U ........................................................................ 25
Aa¨vq 07 B-Kgvm© e¨emvq cÖ¯Ívebv Ges †KŠkj ............................................... 36
Aa¨vq 08 weR‡bm g‡Wj Ges Kb‡mÞ .......................................................... 43
Aa¨vq 09 B-e¨emvi Rb¨ AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi KvVv‡gv Ges e¨e¯’vcbv ........................ 48
Aa¨vq 10 e¨emvi cø¨vwbs Ges j¶¨ wba©viY ..................................................... 53
Aa¨vq 11 wewb‡qvM Ges ev‡RU .................................................................... 55
Aa¨vq 12 B‡dw±f wjWviwkc ...................................................................... 59
Aa¨vq 13 `¶Zv AR©b Ges wUg ˆZwi ............................................................ 61
Aa¨vq 14 wnDg¨vb wi‡mvm© g¨v‡bR‡g›U .......................................................... 64
Aa¨vq 15 B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³vi evRvi we‡kølY I cY¨ evQvB .................................. 67
Aa¨vq 16 †Uª‡Ûi Dci wfwË K‡i cY¨ wewµ Kiv ............................................... 72
Aa¨vq 17 Bb‡f›Uwi Ges ÷K g¨v‡bR‡g›U....................................................... 74
Aa¨vq 18 Avc‡mj I µm‡mj ..................................................................... 77
Aa¨vq 19 ¯§vU© g~j¨ I gvb wbðqZv ............................................................... 81
Aa¨vq 20 †mev wbe©vPb Ges Dbœqb ................................................................ 84
Aa¨vq 21 †mevi gvb wbiƒcY I f¨vjy mshyw³ ................................................... 88
Aa¨vq 22 B-Kgvm© cÖhyw³ ........................................................................... 92
Aa¨vq 23 †Wv‡gBb Ges †nvw÷s ................................................................... 96
Aa¨vq 24 †ewmK wdPvi Ae B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU ............................................... 102
Aa¨vq 25 µm eW©vi B-Kgvm© ...................................................................... 105
Aa¨vq 26 I‡qemvBU bKkv Ges Dbœqb .......................................................... 108
Aa¨vq 27 wmGgGm Kx ............................................................................. 112
Aa¨vq 28 B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g›U .......................................... 118
Aa¨vq 29 †cÖvWv± wiwfD Ges eY©bv ............................................................... 122
Aa¨vq 30 B-Kgvm© Kv÷gvi Ges AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U .......................................... 125
Aa¨vq 31 A¨vbvwjwUKm Ges wi‡cvU© .............................................................. 133

6-c„ôv
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Aa¨vq 32 B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU wmwKDwiwU ....................................................... 136
Aa¨vq 33 B-Kgvm© †c‡g›U I AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q ..................................... 139
Aa¨vq 34 †jb‡`b Ges A¨vKvD›U g¨v‡bR‡g›U ................................................. 44
Aa¨vq 35 wkc‡g›U †g_W Ges †Wwjfvwi wm‡÷g .............................................. 147
Aa¨vq 36 kZ©vewj I †MvcbxqZvi bxwZ ......................................................... 151
Aa¨vq 37 wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U ........................................................................ 155
Aa¨vq 38 †cªvWv± d‡UvMªvwd ........................................................................ 160
Aa¨vq 39 B-Kgvm© e¨emvq MªvwdK wWRvBb ..................................................... 162
Aa¨vq 40 wfwWI Ges A¨vwb‡gkb ................................................................. 166
Aa¨vq 41 †Kv¤úvwbi †fZ‡i I evB‡i †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv ...................................... 170
Aa¨vq 42 B-Kgv‡m© K…wÎg eyw×gËvi cÖ‡qvM ..................................................... 177
Aa¨vq 43 G›UvicÖvBR wi‡mvm© cø¨vwbs ............................................................. 183
Aa¨vq 44 B-Mfb©¨vÝ Ges B-Kgvm© ............................................................... 188
Aa¨vq 45 AdjvBb gv‡K©wUs ........................................................................ 191
Aa¨vq 46 wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs ........................................................................ 193
Aa¨vq 47 †mvk¨vj wgwWqv gv‡K©wUs ................................................................ 198
Aa¨vq 48 †dmeyK †cR Ges weÁvcb cwiPvjbv ............................................... 200
Aa¨vq 49 †dmeyK AwW‡qÝ Ges BbmvBU ....................................................... 207
Aa¨vq 50 GmBIÕi Rb¨ wKIqvW© ch©v‡jvPbv ................................................... 210
Aa¨vq 51 BDwUDe gv‡K©wUs ......................................................................... 213
Aa¨vq 52 ¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m ....................................................................... 217
Aa¨vq 53 mvP© BwÄb gv‡K©wUs I Ab¨vb¨ ......................................................... 223
Aa¨vq 54 B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwbi †iwR‡÷«kb, f¨vU, U¨v· Ges bvbvwea AvBwb cÖwµqv ... 228
Aa¨vq 55 B-Kgvm© GmGgGm gv‡K©wUs ........................................................... 231
Aa¨vq 56 B-Kgvm© †iwfwbD g‡Wj ................................................................ 234
Aa¨vq 57 B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs ........................................................................ 239
Aa¨vq 58 B‡›U‡jKPyqvj †cªvcvwU©, †U«WgvK© Ges KwcivBU ................................... 243
Aa¨vq 59 †µZv †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vcbv ............................................................ 245
Aa¨vq 60 wUcm A¨vÛ wUªKm WKy‡g‡›Ukb, †cÖv‡gvkb Ges K¨v‡¤úBb ...................... 250
Aa¨vq 61 †Kv¤úvwb †cªvdvBj I WKy‡g›U ˆZwi ................................................. 254
Aa¨vq 62 Uªv÷ weìAvc Ges mvK‡mm wiwfD .................................................. 258

c„ôv- 7
 Aa¨vq-1

B-Kgv‡m©i m~Pbv
eZ©gvb mg‡q B-Kgvm© n‡”Q AbjvB‡b A_© DcvR©b Kivi me‡P‡q RbwcÖq gva¨g| wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i
wewb‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ me‡P‡q AvKl©Yxq Ges hy‡Mvc‡hvMx gva¨g n‡”Q GB B-Kgvm©|
B-Kgvm© ej‡Z Avgiv mnR fvlvq AbjvBb †ePv‡Kbv eywS| wKš‘ B-Kgvm© †Kej AbjvBb †ePv‡Kbv‡Z
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AbjvB‡b †h e¨emv Kiv nq Zv‡KB B-Kgvm© ev B‡jKUªwbK Kgvm© e‡j| GB gyn‡~ Z© wek¦evRv‡i B-Kgvm©
†ek evošÍ mgq cvi Ki‡Q| 2017 mv‡j B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª †_‡K wek¦evRv‡i Avq n‡q‡Q 3 wUªwjqb Wjvi|
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8-c„ôv
B-Kgv‡m©i gvnvZ¥¨! Z‡e cÖkœ Avm‡Z cv‡i †K‡bv B-Kgvm© GZ RbwcÖq n‡q DVj? †K‡bv gvbyl nVvr K‡i
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AbjvBb †KbvKvUv mvkÖqx

AdjvBb k‡ci Rb¨ Avcbvi Kx Kx jv‡M? GKwU wewìs, K‡qKwU iæg, wKQy gvbyl, cvwb, M¨vm, we`y¨r
cÖf…wZ| A_P GKwU AbjvBb kc Pvjv‡Z GKwU I‡qemvBU Avi wKQy gvbyl n‡jB n‡q hvq| Ges GKwU
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A_©vr c‡Y¨i `v‡gi ¯^”QZv GLv‡b wbwðZ nq| AdjvBb k‡ci †¶‡Î †Kv‡bv cY¨ hw` D”P `v‡g wewµI
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cÖwZ AvMÖnx n‡q DV‡Qb|

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m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡ib, cY¨ cQ›` Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges cY¨ wK‡bI †dj‡Z cv‡ib| AdjvBb k‡c GB
myweavUzKz Kv÷gviiv cvb bv| fveyb, A‡bK `~‡i e‡mI GKRb Kv÷gvi GKUv wK¬‡Ki gva¨‡g AbjvB‡b
cY¨ wKb‡Z cvi‡Qb! Kó K‡i Zv‡K †Kv_vI †h‡Z n‡”Q bv| GB myweavUzKz Kv÷gv‡ii RxebhvÎv‡K mnR
K‡i Zzj‡Q| Avi ZvB AbjvBb †KbvKvUvi cÖwZ Kv÷gvi‡`i AvMÖnx n‡q DVvUvB ¯^vfvweK!

GK †`‡ki gvbyl Av‡iK †`‡ki cY¨ wKb‡Z cv‡ib

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GKRb Kv÷gvi‡K Lye mn‡R ˆewPΨc~Y© †cÖvWv± evQvB Kivi Ges †Kbvi my‡hvM †`q| wKš‘ ïay Kv÷gv‡ii
Rb¨I bq, B-Kgvm© GKRb e¨emvqx‡KI wewfbœ myweav w`‡q _v‡K|

e¨emvqx‡`i Rb¨ B-Kgvm© †K‡bv myweavRbK

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welq¸‡jv‡K PvB‡j Gwo‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib| †hgbÑ wbR N‡i e‡m hw` AbjvBb kc Pvjvb Z‡e Avjv`v
†Kv‡bv †`vKvb fvov ev Iq¨vinvDR fvov Avcbvi bv wb‡jI Pj‡e| Avevi Avcwb PvB‡j Kv÷gvi mvwf©m
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Rb¨ Avcbvi LiP n‡e bv| ZvB AbjvBb kc Pvjv‡bv †h‡Kv‡bv AdjvBb k‡ci PvB‡Z †ewk jvfRbK|

c„ôv- 9
Avcbvi e¨emv‡K Qwo‡q w`‡Z cvi‡eb
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wKš‘ Avcbvi hw` GKwU I‡qemvBU _v‡K Z‡e wVKVvK gv‡K©wUs‡qi gva¨‡g Avcwb Avcbvi e¨emv‡K Ab¨
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mnR bq|

Kv÷gv‡ii BbmvBU Ges †UK‡bvjwRi myweav

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wKb‡jb †mB Z_¨ ivLv Avcbvi Rb¨ KóKi| ZvB †Kvb kvwo †ewk wewµ n‡e †mB weR‡bm cø¨vb KivUvI
Avcbvi Rb¨ KóKi| B-Kgv‡m© Lye mn‡R weR‡bm cø¨vb Kiv hvq e‡j e¨emvqxiv B-Kgv‡m©i w`‡K †ewk
SzuK‡Qb|
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†_‡K ïiæ K‡i Kv÷gviiv ch©šÍ cÖPwjZ e¨emvi cvkvcvwk B-Kgvm©‡K Avcb K‡i wb‡”Qb| cY¨ ev †mev
µq-weµ‡qi Rb¨ gvbyl AvR wbf©ikxj n‡q co‡Qb AbjvB‡bi Ici|
gvby‡li Rxe‡b e¨¯ÍZv evo‡Q| e¨¯Í Rxeb‡K mnR K‡i Zzj‡Q B-Kgvm©| ZvB GLbB mgq B-Kgvm© m¤ú‡K©
Rvbv Ges †evSvi| GB K_v ej‡Z evav †bB †h, A`~i fwel¨‡Z B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ªB wek¦evRvi‡K wbqš¿Y
Ki‡e|

10-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-2

cÖPwjZ e¨emv‡K B-e¨emvq cwiYZ Kiv

GB mg‡q hviv e¨emv ïiæ Ki‡Z Pvb, Zviv Kg‡ewk mevB GKwU Kgb cÖ‡kœi gy‡LvgywL nb! Zv n‡jv,
Avwg wK cÖPwjZ e¨emv Kie bvwK B-e¨emv Kie? GgbwK hv‡`i B‡Zvg‡a¨ cÖPwjZ e¨emv i‡q‡Q, ZvivI
Zv‡`i e¨emvwU‡K B-e¨emvq cwiYZ Kivi K_v fve‡Qb| Aek¨B G e¨vcv‡i Avcbvi wm×všÍ Avcwb wb‡RB
†b‡eb| Z‡e Avcbvi wm×všÍwU †bqvi Av‡M cÖPwjZ e¨emv Ges B-e¨emvi ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ Ges `yB e¨emvi
myweav-Amyweav¸‡jv †R‡b wbb|

cÖPwjZ e¨emv Kx?

cÖPwjZ e¨emv ej‡Z Avgv‡`i †Pv‡L †f‡m I‡V GKwU †`vKvb ev †kviæg| †hLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi ev
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Kv÷gviivB †ewk Av‡mb †KbvKvUv Ki‡Z| 10 eQi Av‡M e¨emv ïiæi Av‡M gvbyl †f‡eB wb‡Zb Zvi
GKwU †`vKvb _vK‡ZB n‡e| †mB mg‡q fvPz©qvj e¨emvi †Kv‡bv Ackb wQj bv| GB cÖPwjZ e¨emv‡qi
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†`vKv‡bi Rb¨ e¨q

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†b‡eb A_ev wK‡b †dj‡eb| †`vKvb fvov wKsev †Kbv hvB †nvK bv †K‡bv, Avcbv‡K GKwU eo cwigvY
A_© LiP Ki‡Z n‡e|

c„ôv- 11
†`vKv‡bi Kg©Pvixi Rb¨ e¨q
†h‡nZz GKwU †`vKvb Av‡Q †m‡nZz †`vKv‡bi †`Lfvj, cY¨ µq-weµq, †`vKvb cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivLvi
Rb¨ Avcbv‡K GK ev GKvwaK Kg©Pvix wb‡qvM w`‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwZ gv‡m Zv‡`i †eZb w`‡Z n‡e|

cY¨ ÷‡Ki Rb¨ e¨q

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Kv÷gvi G‡m †KbvKvUv Ki‡eb| GB cY¨ ÷‡Ki Rb¨ Avcbv‡K wecyj cwigvY A_© LiP Ki‡Z n‡e|

RvqMvi mxgve×Zv
me RvqMvq †`vKvb Pj‡e bv| wbwiwewj RvqMv †hLv‡b Kv÷gvi Kg Avmv-hvIqv K‡ib Ggb RvqMvq
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n‡e| ZvB me RvqMvq Avcwb me †`vKvb w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv|

mg‡qi mxgve×Zv
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AwZwi³ Kg©Pvix wb‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b Avevi wbivcËvi e¨vcvi i‡q‡Q| iv‡Z †`vKvb Pvjv‡j wbivcËvRwbZ
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e¨emv Qwo‡q w`‡Z mxgve×Zv

Avcbvi †`vKvb ïaygvÎ †jvKvj Kv÷gvi‡`i Rb¨, A‡bK `~‡ii gvby‡li Kv‡Q GwU cwiwPwZ bvI †c‡Z
cv‡i| nq‡Zv 10-20 eQ‡i Avcbvi †`vKv‡bi mybvg Qov‡j `~i †_‡K Kv÷gvi Avcbvi †`vKv‡b Avm‡Z
cv‡ib| wKš‘ cÖPwjZ e¨emvq¸‡jv‡Z Lye Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ e¨emvq Qwo‡q †`qvi Ackb †bB|

cÖPwjZ e¨emvi cÖPvi Ges †mB msµvšÍ LiP

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hZ cÖPvi Kiv n‡e ZZ e¨emv cÖmvi jvf Ki‡e Ges jvfRbK n‡q DV‡e| cÖPwjZ e¨emv¸‡jv‡Z cÖPvi
Ges cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ KvR¸‡jv Kiv nqÑ
e¨emv msµvšÍ KvW© Qvwc‡q wewfbœ RvqMvq w`‡q Avmv|
Avcbvi †`vKv‡bi evwn¨K †mŠ›`h© e„w× Kiv|
Lye RuvKRgKfv‡e †`vKv‡bi I‡cwbs Kiv|
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A_© LiP K‡i msev`cÎ, wUwf ev g¨vMvwR‡b e¨emv msµvšÍ weÁvcb †`qv|
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gvby‡li gy‡L gy‡L e¨emvi K_v Qwo‡q †`qv|
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bv| Av‡Mi Aa¨v‡q Avgiv †R‡b G‡mwQ B-Kgvm© e¨emv A_ev B-e¨emv Avm‡j Kx| GLv‡b Avgiv †`‡L
†be B-e¨emvi Rb¨ Kx Kx `iKvi Ges †Kvb †Kvb Lv‡Z A_© e¨q Ki‡Z n‡e?

12-c„ôv
I‡qemvBU wWRvBb
B-e¨emv Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi Aek¨B GKwU I‡qemvBU _vK‡Z n‡e| GB I‡qemvB‡Ui wWRvBb Avcbv‡K
Ki‡Z n‡e| GB I‡qemvB‡U Avcbvi me c‡Y¨i Qwe mvwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| a‡i wbb I‡qemvBUwU Avcbvi
GKwU fvPz©qvj kc| wKš‘ GB fvPz©qvj k‡ci Rb¨ Avcbv‡K †Kv‡bv †`vKvb fvov Ki‡Z n‡”Q bv, gv‡m gv‡m
wewfbœ wej w`‡Z n‡”Q bv| †Wv‡gBb Ges †nvw÷s †Kbvi gva¨‡g Lye Kg g~‡j¨ Avcwb Avcbvi AbjvBb
kcwU †c‡q hv‡”Qb|

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†Kv‡bv cY¨ ÷K bv Ki‡jI Pj‡e|

†Wwjfvwi Ges †c‡g›U G‡RwÝi mv‡_ hy³ nIqv

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P¨v‡j‡Äi welq| cY¨ †Wwjfvwi cÖwµqv‡K AviI `ªæZZi K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ wewfbœ †Wwjfvwi G‡RwÝi
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mgq A_© cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cv‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki †¶‡Î wewfbœ †c‡g›U G‡RwÝ n‡”Q weKvk, i‡KU BZ¨vw`|
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RvqMv Ges mg‡qi †Kv‡bv mxgve×Zv †bB

cÖPwjZ e¨emvi Rb¨ RvqMvi Ges mg‡qi mxgve×Zv _vK‡jI B-e¨emvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv RvqMvi mxgve×Zv
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mviv we‡k¦ e¨emv Qwo‡q †`qv

B-e¨emv ïaygvÎ †jvKvj Kv÷gv‡ii Rb¨ bq| eis mviv we‡k¦i me gvbyl‡KB †h‡Kv‡bv B-e¨emvi Kv÷gvi
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gvby‡li Rb¨ GB e¨emv mxgve× _v‡K bv|

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c„ôv- 13
Kg wewb‡qv‡M B-e¨emv
e¨emv ïiæi Av‡M eo cyuwR jv‡M GB K_v‡K GKwU wg_ evwb‡q w`‡q‡Q B-e¨emv| Lye Kg cyuwR w`‡qI
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†bUIqvwK©s|

B-e¨emvi cÖPvi! LiP wK cÖPwjZ e¨emvi PvB‡Z Kg ?

cÖPwjZ e¨emvq †Zv weR‡bm KvW© wKsev †cÖvWv± eªæwkqvi jvM‡Q| R‡b R‡b †mB KvW© Ges eªæwkqvi Avevi
wewj Ki‡Z n‡”Q| G‡K †Zv KvW© Qvcv‡bvi LiP, Ab¨w`‡K Avevi wM‡q wM‡q wewj Kivi Rb¨ hvZvqvZ LiP
Av‡Q| Gm‡ei †Zgb †Kv‡bv Sv‡gjv †bB B-e¨emvq|
Avcbvi GKwU I‡qemvBU ˆZwi K‡i †mB I‡qemvB‡Ui wjsK Qwo‡q w`b cwiwPZ‡`i gv‡S| n‡q †Mj
Avcbvi weR‡bm KvW© Qov‡bvi KvR|
cÖhyw³‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q Avkcv‡ki Kv÷gvi‡`i †gBj AvBwW †RvMvo Kiæb wKsev †hme Kv÷gvi Avcbvi
I‡qemvB‡U Avm‡eb Zv‡`i †gBj †RvMvo Kiæb| Gici Zv‡`i †gB‡j wewfbœ wbDR‡jUvi cvwV‡q Avcbvi
e¨emvi Avc‡WU Rvbvb| †mvk¨vj †bUIqvwK©s mvB‡U weÁvcb w`‡q mviv wek¦‡K Avcbvi e¨emvi LeivLei
Rvbvb| wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs wVKVvKfv‡e Kiæb| ¸Mj, †dmeyK wKsev wewfbœ A¨vwdwj‡qU gv‡K©wUs‡q †cBW
weÁvcb w`b| cÖPwjZ e¨emvi KvW© e¨vbvi wcÖw›Us LiP wKsev †Uwjwfk‡b weÁvcb †`qvi Li‡Pi PvB‡Z
Gme LiP A‡bK Kg| me‡P‡q gRvi welq n‡”Q, GZ wKQy K‡i Avcwb Avcbvi cÖPwjZ e¨emv‡K †h
KR‡bi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z cvi‡eb, wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi gva¨‡g Zvi PvB‡Z `k¸Y †ewk Kv÷gvi‡K wiP
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| ZvB mgq G‡m‡Q Avcbvi cÖPwjZ e¨emv‡K B-Kgv‡m© cwiYZ Kivi| GLb cÖkœ Kxfv‡e
Ki‡eb| †mB DËi wb‡P †`qv n‡jvÑ

cÖPwjZ e¨emv‡K B-e¨emvq cwiYZ Kivi Dcvq

cÖPwjZ e¨emv ïiæ Kivi wm×všÍUv A‡bK wekvj| Zvi PvB‡ZI wekvj wm×všÍ n‡”Q †mB e¨emv‡K B-e¨emvq
wb‡q hvIqvi| Z‡e Avnvgix KwVb wKQy bq| G‡¶‡Î Avcbvi cÖPwjZ e¨emvi A‡bK KvR GKB _vK‡e|
ïay hy³ n‡e bZzb wKQy KvR| A‡bK †Kv¤úvwbB Av‡Q hviv cÖPwjZ e¨emvi Ifvi‡nW K÷ mvgjv‡Z bv
†c‡i mvkÖqx B-e¨emv‡Z wkdU n‡q‡Q| Avgiv GLb B-e¨emvq wkdU nIqvi cÖwµqv wb‡q K_v eje|

Acv‡ikb cÖwµqv wVK Kiæb

cÖPwjZ e¨emvq Kv÷gvi †`vKv‡b G‡m cY¨ wK‡b _v‡Kb| hLbB Avcwb Avcbvi e¨emv‡K B-e¨emv‡Z
iƒcvšÍi Ki‡eb ZLbB Avcbv‡K wVK K‡i wb‡Z n‡e Avcwb Kxfv‡e AW©vi wb‡eb, Kx cÖwµqv‡Z Zv
Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q †Wwjfvwi Ki‡eb cÖf…wZ| Gi cvkvcvwk Avcbvi B-e¨emv‡Z Kv÷gvi mvwf©m _vK‡Z
n‡e| wiUvb© Ges widvÛ cwjwmI _vK‡Z n‡e| B-e¨emvi A‡bK KvR ¯^qswµq c×wZ‡Z m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e|
Avi ZvB cÖPwjZ e¨emv‡Z 5000 AW©vi wb‡Z †h †jvKej `iKvi Zvi PvB‡Z A‡bK Kg †jvKe‡j Avcwb
B-e¨emv‡Z 5000-Gi †ewk AW©vi wb‡Z cvi‡eb| Avcbvi cÖPwjZ e¨emv wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨| wKš‘
B-e¨emv †h‡nZz mßv‡n 7 w`b 24 NÈvB Pj‡e, †mRb¨ Avcbv‡K Avcbvi ÷vd‡`i Kv‡Ri mgq fvM K‡i
w`‡Z n‡e|

14-c„ôv
I‡qemvBU
cÖPwjZ e¨emv Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ †hgb GKwU †`vKvb ev †÷vi cÖ‡qvRb, †Zgwb B-e¨emv Pvjv‡Z GKwU
I‡qemvBU jvM‡e| GB I‡qemvBU Avcbvi B-e¨emvi Rb¨ †`vKvb ev †kviæg ïiæi wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e|
Kv÷gvi‡`i Kv‡Q Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPqevnK n‡e GB I‡qemvBU| Avcbvi †`vKvb Acwi”Qbœ
A‡MvQv‡jv _vK‡j Kv÷gvi KL‡bvB Avcbvi †`vKv‡b Avm‡eb bv| ZvB Avcbvi I‡qemvBU‡KI †`vKv‡bi
g‡Zv K‡i mvRv‡Z n‡e| I‡qemvBUwU AvKl©Yxq, mvRv‡bv †MvQv‡bv, nvBwj dvskbvj Ges BDRvi †d«Ûwj
n‡Z n‡e| I‡qemvB‡Ui †cR †hb `ªæZ †jvW nq †mw`‡K bRi ivL‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk Avcbvi cY¨mg~‡ni
Qwe Ges Avbylw½K Kb‡U›U mvRv‡bv _vK‡Z n‡e| AwZwi³ Ges AcÖ‡qvRbxq Kb‡U›U cwinvi KivB
fv‡jv| I‡qemvBU ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K GKRb wWRvBbvi fvov Ki‡Z n‡e| Avcbvi e¨emvi mv‡_
mvgÄm¨c~Y© I‡qemvBU wWRvBb Ki‡Z n‡e| I‡qemvBU †`L‡Z Ggb nIqv DwPZ hv‡Z Kv÷gvi †m
I‡qemvB‡Ui K_v g‡b iv‡Lb Ges evievi †mB I‡qemvB‡U Av‡mb| †gvÏv K_v, cÖPwjZ e¨emvi Rb¨
†hgb wdwRK¨vj †`vKvb my›`i ivLv Riæwi, †Zgwb B-e¨emvi Rb¨ fvPz©qvj †`vKvbI my›`i ivLv Riæwi|

†cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwd
cÖPwjZ e¨emvi †¶‡Î Kv÷gvi †`vKv‡b G‡m cY¨ evQvB K‡i µq Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ B-e¨emv‡Z †m
my‡hvM †bB| ZvB B-e¨emvi †¶‡Î †cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwd fxlY ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| c‡Y¨i Qwe †`‡LB g~jZ Kv÷gviiv
cY¨ µq Ki‡eb| I‡qemvB‡U wewfbœ A¨v‡½j †_‡K Ggbfv‡e c‡Y¨i Qwe †`qv DwPZ hv‡Z Kv÷gviiv
cy‡iv cY¨wUi Dci mg¨K aviYv cvb| Z‡e memgq c‡Y¨i Avmj Qwe cÖKvk Kiv DwPZ| KviY c‡Y¨i Qwei
mv‡_ hw` Avmj cY¨wUi we¯Íi dvivK nq Z‡e Kv÷gvi B-e¨emvi cÖwZ wek¦vm nvwi‡q †dj‡eb|

I‡qemvB‡U AW©vi Ges †c‡g›U wm‡÷g hy³

B-e¨emvi †¶‡Î I‡qemvB‡U AW©vi Ges †c‡g›U wm‡÷g hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| c‡Y¨i mv‡_ AW©vi evUb
hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| †hLv‡b wK¬K K‡i Kv÷gvi mn‡RB cY¨ AW©vi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| AW©vi †`qvi ci cybivq
Kv÷gvi‡K †dvb w`‡q AW©vi Kbdvg© Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov I‡qemvB‡U †c‡g›U wm‡÷g wn‡m‡e wewfbœ
†gvevBj e¨vswKs, AbjvBb gvwb Uªvb‡RKkb wm‡÷g hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| A‡bK B-e¨emvi †¶‡Î K¨vk Ab
†Wwjfvwi wm‡÷g hy³ _v‡K| Gi d‡j Kv÷gvi cY¨ nv‡Z cvIqvi ci †Wwjfvwig¨v‡bi Kv‡Q c‡Y¨i g~j¨
cwi‡kva K‡ib| I‡qemvB‡U †c‡g‡›Ui wewfbœ Ackb _vK‡j Kv÷gvi Zvi wbR¯^ myweavg‡Zv Ackb †e‡Q
†b‡eb|

weÁvcb
cÖPwjZ e¨emvi g‡Zv B-e¨emv‡ZI weÁvcb GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| cv_©K¨ †Kej weÁvcb †`qvi cÖwµqv‡Z|
B-e¨emvi Rb¨ wewfbœ iKg weÁvc‡bi Ackb i‡q‡Q| Avcbvi B-e¨emvi †¶‡Î †Kvb AckbwU Lvc Lvq
Zv Avcbv‡KB Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q Kgb c×wZwU n‡”Q Ô†c cvi wK¬KÕ weÁvc‡bi
gva¨‡g Kv÷gvi‡K I‡qemvB‡U wb‡q Avmv| †c cvi wK¬K c×wZ‡Z Kv÷gv‡ii cÖwZ wK¬‡Ki Rb¨ Avcbv‡K
A_© cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv I‡qemvBU ev †c‡R Avcbvi I‡qemvBU †`Lv‡bv n‡e Avi †mLvb
†_‡K `k©K wK¬K Ki‡eb| Avcbvi I‡qemvBU wb‡q wewfbœ Z_¨eûj AvwU©‡Kj ev eøM cvewjk K‡i Avcwb
Kv÷gvi Avb‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e eøM †jLvi mgq Avcbv‡K mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rk‡bi w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z
n‡e| A_©vr eø‡M Ggb wKQy wKIqvW© e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e †hme e¨envi K‡i gvbyl mvP© Bwćb mvP© K‡ib|

c„ôv- 15
Gi d‡j mvP© Bwćbi Dc‡ii w`‡K Avcbvi eøMwU †`Lv hv‡e Ges gvby‡li wK¬K Kivi m¤¢vebvI †e‡o hv‡e|
Avi eø‡M wK¬K Ki‡jB gvbyl Avcbvi I‡qemvBU m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb, I‡qemvB‡Ui UªvwdK evov‡eb| Gme
†¶‡Î wb‡R wk‡L wk‡L Kivi PvB‡Z mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rk‡bi Rb¨ G·cvU© KvD‡K fvov K‡i KvRwU
m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

cwieZ©‡bi hvÎv
mewKQy hLb Avcbvi nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq ZLb Avcwb Avcbvi cÖPwjZ e¨emv‡K B-e¨emv‡Z cwiYZ K‡i †dj‡Z
cv‡ib| Avcwb Avcbvi cÖPwjZ e¨emvi GKwU Avc‡MÖW fvm©b wn‡m‡e B-e¨emv Pvjv‡Z cv‡ib A_ev cy‡iv
cÖPwjZ e¨emvi cvU PzwK‡q cy‡iv`‡g B-e¨emv ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖPwjZ e¨emvi cvU PzwK‡q cy‡ivcywi
B-e¨emv‡Z Xz‡K hvIqv cÖ_g w`‡K fqvbK wm×všÍ g‡b n‡jI Gi cÖfve my`~icÖmvix| Aek¨B cÖPwjZ
e¨emvi mv‡_ ïay wi‡mvm© bq, A‡bK Av‡eMI Rwo‡q _v‡K| GKUv †`vKvb, A‡bK¸‡jv gvbyl, A‡bK
cyi‡bv eÜzevÜe BZ¨vw`| Z‡e bZzb †Kv‡bv cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ Gme cyi‡bv e¨e¯’v‡K A‡bK mgq Avgv‡`i
†S‡i †dj‡Z nq| KviY w`b †k‡l e¨emvwqK jvfUvB Avcbvi e¨emvi Rb¨ g~j K_v|

16-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-3

Rxeb Ges e¨emvwqK mvd‡j¨i Rb¨

†gvwU‡fkb
Aby‡cÖiYv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU kã, hLb Avcwb †Kv‡bv mywbw`©ó j¶¨ c~i‡Yi ¯^cœ †`‡Lb| Avi †mB j¶¨
hw` nq e„nr wKQy wKsev j¶¨wU hw` Avcbvi Rxe‡bi cÖavbZg ¯^cœ n‡q I‡V, Zvn‡j †Zv †Kv‡bv K_vB †bB|
GB j¶¨ Z_v mvdj¨wU cÖvq mgqB Avgv‡`i Rxeb I RxweKvi mv‡_ mswkøó n‡q hvq| Ggb A‡bK ai‡bi
j‡¶¨i g‡a¨ GKwU n‡jv e¨emvwqK mvdj¨|
B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ªi g‡Zv GKwU wekvj Ges eûgyLx `ywbqvq cÖ‡ek Kivi c~‡e© Avcbv‡K Aek¨B wKQy cÖ¯‘wZ
wb‡q gv‡V bvg‡Z n‡e| e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i cÖPwjZ cÖ¯‘wZ †hgb Gi †fZ‡i _vK‡e, †Zgwb wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi
mvdj¨ Ges e¨emvwqK mvdj¨‡K GKwe›`y‡Z wb‡q AvmvUvI eo GKwU P¨v‡jÄ| Avi GLv‡bB Aby‡cÖiYv
Avgv‡`i Rxeb Ges e¨emvwqK mvd‡j¨i Rb¨ gnv¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU †ivj †c K‡i|

†mjd †gvwU‡fkb
†mjd †gvwU‡fkb n‡jv GK ai‡bi AvZ¥kw³ hv Avcbv‡K KwVb †_‡K KwVbZg c_ cvwo w`‡q Rxe‡b
mdjZvi w`‡K Qy‡U †h‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| wb‡R‡K AbycÖvwYZ Kivi kw³ †RvMv‡e| GUv Avm‡j GKwU
gvbwmK `¶Zv ev w¯‹j| mnR K_vq Avgiv ej‡ZB cvwi, Rxe‡b Pjvi c‡_ bvbv evav-wecwˇK Rq K‡i
wb‡Ri KvR cÖwZwbqZ K‡i hvIqvi kw³ ev `¶Zv‡KB †mjd †gvwU‡fkb ejv nq|
Rxe‡b mdjZvi †`Lv †c‡Z mwVK Ges D”PgvÎvi †mjd †gvwU‡fkb cÖ‡qvRb| wb‡R‡K I wb‡Ri KvR‡K
cÖwZwbqZ GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqvi g~jgš¿B n‡jv Zxeª cÖ‡qvRb A_ev Zxeª Aby‡cÖiYv| GB `ywU GKmv‡_I n‡Z
cv‡i| Avevi gvbyl I Kv‡Ri ai‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i Aby‡cÖiYv wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i| wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi Aby‡cÖiYv

c„ôv- 17
Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e hv Avcbv‡K P‚ovšÍfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ K‡i Ges eo mvd‡j¨i c‡_ AviI KvR Ki‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i|

†mjd †gvwU‡fkb †K‡bv Riæwi

Avgv‡`i e¨w³Rxeb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Avgv‡`i D‡`¨v³v nIqvi c‡_ †mjd †gvwU‡fkb GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
Dcv`vb| Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b A‡bK mgq Av‡m hLb Avgiv nZvk n‡q cwo, Avgv‡`i Kg©‡¶Î Ges e¨emvq
bvbv cÖwZeÜKZv Avgv‡`i KvR Kivi ¯ú„nv bó K‡i †`q| wVK ZLbB Avgv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb c‡o †mjd
†gvwU‡fkb| memgq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, Avgv‡`i cÖ_g I cÖavbZg cÖwZ‡hvMx e¨_©Zv| e¨_©Zv †h Kv‡Ri
Ask †mUvI g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| eo j¶¨ wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z n‡j e¨_©Zv Avm‡ZB cv‡i| wKš‘ †mLvb †_‡K
Ny‡i `uvwo‡q Avevi bZzb D`¨‡g j‡¶¨i w`‡K Qy‡U Pjvi kw³ †hb Avgv‡`i _v‡K| e¨_©Zv‡K KL‡bv Rqx
n‡Z †`qv hv‡e bv, mdjZvB †hb †kl K_v nq| G Kvi‡Y †mjd †gvwU‡fkb Avgv‡`i Rxeb I e¨emvwqK
mdjZvi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Riæwi|

wb‡R‡K †mjd †gvwU‡fkb ev AbycÖvwYZ ivLvi wKQy wUcm

cÖ_‡gB j¶¨ wba©viY Kiæb| j¶¨wenxbfv‡e Rxe‡b †Kv‡bv wKQyB AR©b Kiv hvq bv|
Gici Avcwb Kx Pvb Zv RvbvUv Riæwi| gv‡b j‡¶¨ †cuŠQv‡bvi DcvqUv Rvb‡Z n‡e|
Gevi KvR¸‡jv‡K †QvU †QvU fv‡M fvM K‡i cÖwZw`‡bi KvR Avjv`v K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| cÖwZw`‡bi
KvR cÖwZw`b †kl K‡i †QvU †QvU j¶¨¸‡jv c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e|
GKv me Kv‡Ri Pvc †bqv †evKvwg, ZvB `‡ji mevB‡K Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `¶ K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e|
cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b fv‡jv Af¨vm AvqË Ki‡Z n‡e, †h¸‡jv Avgv‡`i‡K Kv‡Ri cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z
mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| †hgbÑ mwVK mg‡q Nygv‡bv Ges mwVK mgq Nyg †_‡K IVv|
mgm¨v wb‡q †ewk¶Y c‡o bv †_‡K mgvavb wb‡q wPšÍv Kiv| g‡b ivL‡eb, mgm¨vi mgvavb w`‡Z
cvivUv GKwU AmvaviY ¸Y Ges GB ¸Y Avcbv‡K Ab¨‡`i †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i|
†jvKej evov‡bvi mgq Aek¨B mwVK ev †hvM¨ e¨w³‡K wb‡qvM w`‡Z n‡e| KviY, Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri
mwVKZv Avcbvi j¶¨ AR©b‡K mnR K‡i †`‡e|
my¯’ I gRv`vi Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb| Kg©PÂj Kg©‡¶Î A‡bK eo Avkxe©v`|
me mgq e¨_©Zvi Rb¨ GKwU e¨vKAvc ivL‡Z cvi‡j fv‡jv nq|
me‡k‡l wb‡Ri hZœ wb‡Z n‡e| GUvB w`b †k‡l Avcbv‡K Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z ivL‡e|

†klK_v
Rxeb Ges e¨emvwqK mvd‡j¨i Rb¨ †gvwU‡fk‡bi Av‡jvPbvwU mvwe©Kfv‡e Kiv n‡jI Avcwb
hw` B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡ZB wb‡Ri fvM¨ Mo‡Z Pvb Z‡e Avcbvi Rb¨ Aby‡cÖiYv n‡jvÑ gvÎ 25 eQi
Av‡Mi K_v, 1995 mv‡j ÔA¨vgvRbWUKgÕ B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e Avwef‚©Z nq| 2003 mv‡j
A¨vgvRb cÖ_g jv‡fi gyL †`‡L| Gic‡ii Mí Avgv‡`i meviB Kg‡ewk Rvbv| eZ©gv‡b A¨vgvRb
cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û c„w_exe¨vcx kZ kZ cY¨ wewµ K‡i| †`‡k †`‡k Ggb AmsL¨ AvšÍR©vwZK I
†jvKvj B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q hviv AbjvB‡b cY¨ I †mev wewKwKwbi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i Rxeb I RxweKvi
cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡”Q| mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g¸‡jv‡Z mvaviY gvby‡li c`PviYv cY¨ I †mev †Kbv‡ePvi
gva¨g wn‡m‡e B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e¨envi‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q AviI RbwcÖq| GLb Uv‡M©U Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡R‡`i
†cÖvWv± ev mvwf©m wb‡q nvwRi nIqv| eySvB hvqÑ wek¦e¨vcx B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª GK Af‚Zc~e© mvd‡j¨i
†`vi‡Mvovq `uvwo‡q, cÖwZ gyn~‡Z©B AbjvBb cø¨vUd‡g©i we¯Í…wZ evo‡Q| cÖhyw³MZ DbœwZ, AbjvBb e¨emvi
ˆewk¦K DÌvb Ges `ywbqvRy‡o wWwRUvj cø¨vUd‡g© mvaviY gvby‡li c`PviYv e„w× B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡K Acvi
m¤¢vebvi RvqMv wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Q|

18-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-4

D‡`¨v³vi g‡bvweÁvb
GB Aa¨vq †_‡K wkLe
Kxfv‡e GKRb D‡`¨v³v m„Rbkxj n‡q DV‡Z cv‡ib?
m„RbkxjZv Ges †hŠw³KZvi ga¨Kvi m¤úK© Kx Kx?
B-Kgv‡m©i `ywbqvq mwVK myweavwU Kxfv‡e †e‡Q †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i?

GKRb D‡`¨v³v n‡q IVvi Rb¨ Avcbvi wbgœwjwLZ ¸Y¸‡jv _vKv Riæwi
AvZ¥wek¦vmx nIqv,
bZzb bZzb AvBwWqv D™¢ve‡bi ¶gZv,
P¨v‡jÄ †bqvi gvbwmKZv,
GKwU wbw`©ó j¶¨ _vKv,
†hŠw³K nIqv,
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve _vKv,
Kv‡Ri cÖwZ c¨vk‡bU nIqv,
SzuwK †bqvi gvbwmKZv,
†Kv‡bv wKQy‡Z †¯úkvwj÷ bv n‡q mewKQyi e¨vcv‡i mvaviY Ávb _vKv|

c„ôv- 19
m„RbkxjZv
†Kv‡bv we`¨gvb mgm¨v‡K bZzb †Pv‡L †`Lv wKsev †Kv‡bv bZzb AvBwWqv ˆZwi Kivi ¶gZvB n‡”Q
m„RbkxjZv|

D™¢veb
bZzb wKQy ˆZwi Kivi ¶gZvB n‡”Q D™¢veb| Avi m„RbkxjZv Ges D™¢vebx ¶gZvi mgš^‡q GKRb gvbyl
D‡`¨v³v n‡q DV‡Z cv‡ib| KviY gv‡K©U †cø‡m RvqMv K‡i wb‡Z PvB‡j Avcbvi Aek¨B bZzb AvBwWqv
ˆZwi Kiv Ges †mwU cÖ‡qvM Kivi ¶gZv _vK‡Z n‡e| †h‡Kv‡bv D‡`¨v³vi m„Rbkxj Kv‡R AmdjZv
GKwU eo Aa¨vq| gv‡b Avcbvi gv_vq hw` 3000 AvBwWqv Av‡m, Z‡e Zvi g‡a¨ 4wU AvBwWqv †KejgvÎ
†W‡fjc‡g›U ch©v‡q hvq, 2wU AvBwWqv mdjZv cvq Ges 1wU AvBwWqv †KejgvÎ wU‡K _v‡K gv‡K©‡U|
Zvi gv‡b `uvov‡”Q 40 kZvsk †Kv¤úvwb †KejgvÎ mdjZv cvq Avi Amdj nq 60 kZvsk †Kv¤úvwbB|

PvB‡jB Avcwb wK m„Rbkxj n‡Z cvi‡eb ?

Out of Our Minds: Learning to Be Creative-Gi †jLK Ôm¨vi †Kb iwebmbÕ e‡j‡Qb, Avgiv
mevB Kg‡ewk m„Rbkxj| g~j K_v n‡jv, ayg K‡i GKw`‡b m„Rbkxj n‡q IVv m¤¢e bq| GwU GKwU Pjgvb
cÖwµqv| Avcbv‡K wbqwgZ ÔAvDU Ae `¨ e·Õ fve‡Z n‡e| we‡k¦ mdj e¨w³i nvRv‡iv D`vniY Avcbvi
Pvicv‡k i‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i mdjZvi Mí¸‡jv wbqwgZ co‡j †evSv hvq Kxfv‡e Zviv mdj n‡q‡Qb! Kxfv‡e
Zviv wPšÍvi DbœwZ K‡i‡Qb, bZzb bZzb AvBwWqvi D™¢veb K‡i‡Qb! G‡Z K‡i Avcbvi gv_vq bZzb AvBwWqv
Rb¥v‡e| AvBwWqv mdj Kivi Rb¨ Kx Kx Kiv Riæwi Zv Avcwb Avcbv-AvcwbB AvqË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
m„RbkxjZv Ges AvDU Ae `¨ e· wPšÍv Kiv msµvšÍ eB¸‡jv coyb| G¸‡jvI Avcbv‡K m„Rbkxj n‡Z
mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| m„Rbkxj n‡Z PvB‡j covi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| cvi‡j wewfbœ bZzb bZzb D™¢ve‡bi mv‡_
Avc‡WU _vKzb| †Kb Zviv wfbœ †mUv wb‡q wb‡RB wPšÍv Kiæb Ges we‡kølY Kivi †Póv Kiæb| wke †Livi
GKwU AmvaviY K_v Av‡Q, weRqxiv wfbœ †Kv‡bv KvR K‡ib bv| GKB KvR wfbœfv‡e K‡ib| Avcwb hLbB
we‡kølY Kiv wk‡L hv‡eb, Avcwb †`L‡eb bZzb AvBwWqv¸‡jvi g‡a¨I mvaviY wKQy avc i‡q‡Q, A‡bKUv
wWGbGÕi g‡Zv| wWGbG A`j-e`j Ki‡jB bZzb gvbyl! Avcwb bZzb wKQy Ki‡Z PvB‡j GB A`j-e`j
Kivi c×wZ Rvb‡Z n‡e| m„Rbkxj wn‡m‡e gvbyl‡K M‡o DV‡Z nq| GUv nVvr K‡i Avmv †Kv‡bv cÖwZfv
bq| Gevi †`‡L †bB GKRb D‡`¨v³vi gw¯Í®‹! gvby‡li †eªB‡bi `yB AskÑ evg Ges Wvb Ask|

evg Ask KvR K‡i wbgœwjwLZ Dcv‡q

hyw³ w`‡q NUbv we‡ePbv K‡i|
we‡kølY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
kã Avi fvlv wb‡q KvR K‡i|
AZxZ Ges fwel¨r wb‡q KvR K‡i|
Rvbvi †Póv K‡i|
¯^xKvi Kivi ¶gZv wb‡q KvR K‡i|
AW©vi ev †h‡Kv‡bv c¨vUvb© wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wRwb‡mi bvg ¯§iY ivL‡Z cv‡i|
ev¯ÍeZv‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`q A_©vr ev¯Íeev`x n‡Z †kLvq|

20-c„ôv
 wbivcËvi ms‡KZ †`q|

Avi Wvb Ask KvR K‡i

Abyf‚wZ‡K mwµq K‡i|
KíbvcÖeY K‡i †Zv‡j|
ms‡KZ Ges Qwe eyS‡Z cv‡i|
ev¯Íe Ges fwel¨r wb‡q KvR K‡i|
`k©b Ges ag© wb‡q KvR K‡i|
wek¦vm ˆZwi K‡i|
gvbyl‡K A¨vwcÖwk‡qU Kivi ¶gZv ˆZwi K‡i|
cÖPzi d¨v›Uvwm ˆZwi K‡i|
†Kv‡bv NUbvi m¤¢vebv eyS‡Z cv‡i|
SzuwK wb‡Z cÖ¯‘Z _v‡K|
GKRb D‡`¨v³vi Wvb Ges evg Dfq AskB mwµq n‡Z n‡e| D‡`¨v³vi gw¯Í‡®‹i Wvb AskwU wPšÍvfvebv,
ˆewPΨgq AvBwWqv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avi evg AskwU †Kv‡bv mgm¨v wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †mB mgm¨vi
Rb¨ †hvM¨ mgvavb ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i|

D‡`¨v³vi m„RbkxjZv e„w×i wKQy wUcm

m„Rbkxj n‡eb GB j‡¶¨ w¯’i _vKzb|
cÖwZw`b wb‡Ri gb‡K wKQy my¯’ wPšÍvi im` w`b|
cÖwZ‡hvMx †Kv¤úvwbi cY¨¸‡jv †`Lyb|
fzj n‡j ïa‡i wbb|
wb‡Ri wPšÍv Ges AvBwWqv Wv‡qwi‡Z Uz‡K ivLyb|
Ab¨‡`i K_v ïbyb|
Kv÷gv‡ii K_v ïbyb|
ev”Pv‡`i mv‡_ K_v ejyb (ev”Pviv Lye mn‡R †Kv‡bv welq‡K we‡kølY K‡i| G‡Z Avcwb mnR K‡i
wPšÍv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb)|
mvaviY KvR Ab¨fv‡e Kivi wPšÍv Kiæb Ges †Póv Kiæb|
Lvivc AvBwWqv e‡j Avm‡j wKQy †bB| ZvB †Kv‡bv AvBwWqv‡K Lvivc e‡j †d‡j †`‡eb bv|
cÖPzi eB coyb|
Aa¨emvqx n‡q DVzb|

Kxfv‡e m„Rbkxj n‡Z cÖ¯‘wZ †b‡eb ?

Avcbvi gb‡K m„Rbkxj K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kiæb|
Avcwb wb‡R‡K memgq ÷z‡W›U fvevi †Póv Kiæb| †h‡Kv‡bv wKQy †_‡K †kLvi AvMÖn eRvq ivLyb
memgq|
ïay wb‡Ri `¶Zvi RvqMv¸‡jv bq, ARvbv welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© coyb Ges Rvbyb|
cQ‡›`i AvwU©‡Kj¸‡jv GK RvqMvq Rgv Kiæb|

c„ôv- 21
 Avcbvi AvBwWqv¸‡jv Ab¨ Kv‡iv mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
wewfbœ cÖ‡dkbvj A_ev †UªW A¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi wgwUs‡q †hvM`vb Kiæb|
Ab¨vb¨ †`k Ges ms¯‹…wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡e|
bZzb †`‡k ågY Ki‡Z n‡e|
kÖeY ¶gZv _vK‡Z n‡e|
wb‡Ri †fZi †_‡K †¶vf miv‡Z n‡e|
mdj nIqvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi cø¨vb mvRv‡Z n‡e| GKwU cø¨vb mdj bv n‡j Ab¨ cø¨vb ˆZwi Ki‡Z
n‡e|

D‡`¨v³vi Rb¨ †cÖiYv

D‡`¨v³v‡`i hZ †cÖiYv †`Iqv n‡e D‡`¨v³viv ZZ w¯úwiU a‡i ivL‡Z m¶g n‡eb| mvaviY gvbyl‡`i
mvaviY `„wófw½‡K GKwU †Mv‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq Zv‡`i‡K †cÖiYv cÖ`vb K‡i| ZvB D‡`¨v³v‡`i Rb¨
†cÖiYv GKwU Acwinvh© welq| Pvicv‡ki mdj D‡`¨v³v‡`i mvwbœ‡a¨ wZwb GB †cÖiYv †c‡Z cv‡ib|

22-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-5

e¨emvi bZzb my‡hvM Ges D‡`¨v³v‡`i `„wófw½

cÖK…Z D‡`¨v³v wKsev e¨emvqxiv e¨emvi bZzb bZzb my‡hvM‡K memgq Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| Avm‡j Zviv bZzb
my‡hvM m„wó Kiv ev A‡š^lY Kiv‡Z memgq wb‡R‡`i‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb| GUv Zv‡`i GK ai‡bi `¶Zv|
D‡`¨v³viv bZzb my‡hvM‡K AZ¨šÍ ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv K‡i _v‡Kb| KviY K_vq Av‡Q, my‡hvM evievi
Av‡m bv| my‡hvM¸‡jv †h memgq Avcbvi mvg‡b ev Avcbvi `iRvq Kov bv‡o Zv wKš‘ bq| A‡bK mgq
my‡hvM¸‡jv‡K wb‡Ri †gav w`‡q M‡elYv K‡i Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z nq| D`vniY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq, B-Kgvm©
BÛvw÷ª Avgv‡`i mvg‡b cÖwZwbqZ bZzb bZzb weR‡bm AciPzwbwU ev e¨emvi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i P‡j‡Q| GLb
bZzb D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e Gme e¨emvwqK my‡hv‡Mi e¨vcv‡i Avgv‡`i Dcjwä‡K gb ev my‡hvM¸‡jv‡K Avgiv
Kxfv‡e wUªU KiwQ †mUvB GB Aa¨v‡qi Av‡jvP¨ welq| GB e¨vcv‡i D‡`¨v³v‡`i wfbœ wfbœ wKQy `„wófw½
wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvKÑ

my‡hvMwU wK wbQK cÖ‡jvfb?

GKwU fzj c`‡¶c e¨emvi my‡hvMwU †_‡K Avcbv‡K `~‡i mwi‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| Avi ZvB Avcbv‡K bZzb
my‡hvMwU wb‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq M‡elYv ev Aa¨qb Ki‡Z n‡e| wimvP© K‡i wK GUv‡K Lye inm¨RbK wKQy g‡b
n‡”Q? hw` ZvB nq, Zvn‡j D³ my‡hv‡M Avm‡j Kx jywK‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i? my‡hvMwU‡K Kx K‡i Avcbvi
Rb¨ MÖnY‡hvM¨ K‡i †Zvjv hvq? BZ¨vw` bvbv cÖ‡kœi DËi LyuR‡Z n‡e| Avm‡j e¨emvi bZzb my‡hv‡Mi
cÖ‡jvfb D‡`¨v³v‡`i Rb¨ fvimv‡g¨i GKwU gRvi †Ljv| GLv‡b Avcwb my‡hvMwUi e¨vcv‡i AwZ Drmvnx
n‡Z cvi‡eb bv| KviY, G‡Z K‡i my‡hvMwU m‡›`nRbK n‡q DV‡e| Avi hZ m‡›`nRbK n‡q DV‡e
my‡hvMwU Avcbvi †_‡K ZZ `~‡i m‡i hv‡e| Avevi Avcwb my‡hvMwUi e¨vcv‡i AwZ D`vmxbZvI cÖKvk

c„ôv- 23
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| G‡Z K‡i e¨emvi my‡hvMwU Ab¨ e¨emvqx‡`i Kv‡Q P‡j hv‡e| G‡¶‡Î Avcbv‡K Ggb
g‡bvfve †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h AvcwbB GB my‡hv‡Mi †hvM¨ e¨w³| cÖwZwU my‡hvM‡K Avcbvi h_vh_ ¸iæ‡Z¡i
mv‡_ we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e| KviY, m‡e©vcwi AvcwbB †mB D‡`¨v³v hvi GKwU my‡hvM ev weR‡bm AciPzwbwU
`iKvi|

e¨emvwqK my‡hvMwU GKwU PvivMvQ gvÎ

cÖKZ
… D‡`¨v³viv e¨emvwqK my‡hvM‡K Mv‡Qi Pviv wn‡m‡e †`‡Lb| Zviv my‡hv‡Mi exR ecb K‡ib Ges †mwUi
hZœ †bb| Gici †mUv‡K eo K‡i GKwU mdj weR‡b‡m iƒc`vb K‡ib| G‡¶‡Î mdjZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ ïay
weR‡bm AciPzwbwU cvIqvUvB †kl K_v bq, eis †mUvi hZœ wb‡q mdj KivUvB Avmj KvR| gv‡b e¨emvi
bZzb bZzb my‡hvM cvIqvUv n‡jv D‡`¨v³v n‡q IVvi cÖ_g avc| ZvB ïaygvÎ bZzb bZzb my‡hvM cvIqv ev m„wó
KivUvB mdjZv bq, GUv‡K e„nr iƒc`vb KivUvB n‡jv mdjZv|

my‡hvM¸‡jv D‡`¨v³v‡`i wkKvi

wKQy wKQy D‡`¨v³vi Kv‡Q e¨emvi my‡hvM¸‡jv A‡bKUv wkKv‡ii g‡Zv| Zviv GKwU wbLyuZ e¨emvwqK
my‡hv‡Mi A‡c¶vq _v‡Kb Ges cvIqvgvÎB wkKv‡ii †ivgv Dc‡fvM K‡ib| GB ai‡bi D‡`¨v³v‡`i Rb¨
e¨emvi bZzb bZzb my‡hvM mvg‡b wb‡q Avmv DwPZ| GB ai‡bi D‡`¨v³viv my‡hv‡Mi Avkvq _v‡Kb Avi
my‡hvM †c‡jB Zv‡`i mvd‡j¨i c‡_ †Kv‡bv wKQyB Avi evav n‡q `uvov‡Z cv‡i bv| GB gvbwmKZv Zv‡`i
†fZ‡i wkKvwi‡`i cÖe„wË RvMÖZ K‡i| djvdj, Zviv e¨emvi my‡hvM †bqvi †¶‡Î gvivZ¥K cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq
wjß nb| wKQy wKQy †¶‡Î GwU fv‡jv wRwbm, KviY GB cÖe„wË Zv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i Kvw•ÿZ mvd‡j¨i w`‡K wb‡q
hvq| Avevi A‡bK mgq GB gvbwmKZv cZbI †W‡K Avb‡Z cv‡i| KviY, GB wkKvwi g‡bvfve A‡bK
mgq my‡hvM¸‡jvi Dchy³ hZœ wb‡Z evav †`q| Avi ZLbB N‡U wech©q| ZvB †h my‡hvMwU Avcbvi Kv‡R
Avm‡Z cv‡i †mUvi h_v‡hvM¨ hZœ †bqvUvI Lye Riæwi|

my‡hvMwU wK wbQK D‡`¨v³v‡`i fvM¨?

wKQy wKQy D‡`¨v³v Avevi e¨emvi bZzb bZzb my‡hvM‡K KvKZvjxq NUbv ev fv‡M¨i †Ljv wn‡m‡e †`‡Lb|
GB D‡`¨v³viv Aek¨B e¨emvwqK my‡hv‡Mi mÜvb K‡ib| Z‡e Zviv mwµqfv‡e my‡hvM m„wó‡Z †Zgb †Kv‡bv
Ae`vb iv‡Lb bv|
e¨emvwqK my‡hvM m¤ú‡K© GB D‡`¨v³v‡`i `„wófw½ m¤¢eZ AvR‡Ki we‡k¦ me‡P‡q wb‡e©va ai‡bi| KviY,
eZ©gvb we‡k¦ my‡hvM¸‡jv KviI `iRvq Ggwb Ggwb Kov bv‡o bv| GgbUv NUvi m¤¢vebv LyeB Kg| nq‡Zv
Avcwb fve‡Qb my‡hvM Avcbv-Avcwb Avcbvi Kv‡Q P‡j Avm‡e, wKš‘ GUv †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB Avcbvi mgq
b‡ói KviY n‡q `uvov‡e|
ZvB my‡hv‡Mi A‡c¶vq bv †_‡K wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb †_‡K Pvicv‡k j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e bZzb
my‡hvM m„wói| G‡Z K‡i Avcwb GKUv eo myweav cv‡eb| Zvn‡jv, Avcbvi wb‡Ri ˆZwi Kiv my‡hv‡M
Avcbvi mivmwi Ges m¤ú~Y© cÖ‡ekvwaKvi _vK‡e| d‡j D³ my‡hvM‡K Avcwb mn‡RB `y`©všÍ e¨emvwqK
D‡`¨v‡M iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Avi wb‡Ri m„wó Kiv e¨emvwqK my‡hv‡Mi Av‡iKwU ¸Y n‡jv G‡Z
Avcwb _vK‡eb mevi †P‡q GKavc GwM‡q|

†klK_v
GLb cÖkœ `uvov‡”Q, Zvn‡j e¨emvwqK bZzb bZzb my‡hvM¸‡jvi cÖwZ D‡`¨v³v‡`i `„wófw½ †Kgb n‡e?
G‡¶‡Î Avcwb hv Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Avcbvi weR‡b‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z me wfbœ gZvgZ msMÖn Kiæb| Zvici
†mme gZvg‡Zi mv‡_ wb‡Ri gZvg‡Zi mvgÄm¨Zv †LuvRvi †Póv Kiæb| †Lqvj ivL‡eb, G‡KKUv fvebv
G‡KK R‡bi Rb¨ djcÖm~ nq, mevi Rb¨ bq| Gfv‡e Avcwb Avcbvi Rb¨ me‡P‡q fv‡jv weR‡bm
AciPzwbwU ev my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

24-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-6

B-Kgvm© Kb‡U›U
GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgvm© Kb‡U›U m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv|
Kxfv‡e fv‡jv Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e Zvi m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv|
GKwU fv‡jv Kb‡U›U Kxfv‡e B-Kgvm©‡K mg„× K‡i Zvi m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o Rvb‡eb

Lye mn‡RB B-Kgvm© Kb‡U›U m¤ú‡K© ¯úó aviYv cvIqv hv‡e|
mnR fvlvq DbœZgv‡bi Kb‡U›U wjL‡Z m¶g n‡eb|
AvKl©Yxq Kb‡U‡›Ui gva¨‡g Avcbvi B-Kgvm© mvBUwU‡K AwaK Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kb‡U›U
Bs‡iwR Content k‡ãi A_© Av‡aq ev welqe¯‘| Ab¨fv‡e ej‡j, Kb‡U›U n‡”Q ZvB hv †Kv‡bv Z_¨eûj
welq Dc¯’vcb Kiv| mnR K_vq ej‡j, Kb‡U›U n‡”Q ZvB hvi gva¨‡g Avcwb Avcbvi g‡bi fve cÖKvk
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wewfbœfv‡e Avcwb Avcbvi g‡bi fve cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †U·U wj‡L, Qwe Gu‡K wKsev
my›`i †Kv‡bv wfwWI evwb‡q! GB cÖwZwU gva¨gB n‡”Q GK GKwU Kb‡U›U| †hgbÑ wjwLZ †Kv‡bv wKQy‡K

c„ôv- 25
Avgiv †U·U Kb‡U›U ewj| Qwei gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡j †mwU‡K d‡Uv Kb‡U›U ev MÖvwdK¨vj Kb‡U›U
ewj| Avevi wfwWIi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv Z_¨ cÖKvk Ki‡j †mwU‡K ewj wfwWI Kb‡U›U| G †Zv †Mj mvaviY
Kb‡U‡›Ui K_v| wKš‘ B-Kgv‡m© Kb‡U›U GKUz Ab¨iKg A_© enb K‡i|

Kb‡U›U hLb B-Kgv‡m©i

B-Kgvm© n‡”Q B‡jKUªwbK gva¨‡g ev AbjvB‡b †ePv‡Kbv| ev¯Í‡e nv‡U-evRv‡i wKsev kwcs g‡j hLb
†ePv‡Kbv nq, ZLb †µZv Avi we‡µZv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ Mv`v Mv`v K_v ej‡Z cv‡ib| we‡µZv c‡Y¨i
¸Yv¸Y m¤ú‡K© †µZv‡K Rvbvb| Avi †µZv `vg Kgv‡bv wb‡q `iKlvKwl K‡ib| cY¨ e¨env‡ii ci
†mwU fv‡jv bv g›` wQj †m wel‡q Zvi cÖwZwµqv Rvbvb| Ab¨w`‡K AbjvBb evRv‡i †µZv Avi we‡µZv
ci¯ú‡ii bvMv‡ji evB‡i _v‡Kb| gy‡LvgywL K_v e‡jb bv| Zv‡`i GB K_v ejvi Rb¨ mnvqK f‚wgKv
cvjb K‡i GB Kb‡U›U| Kb‡U‡›Ui gva¨‡gB B-Kgv‡m© we‡µZv Zv‡`i c‡Y¨i ¸Yv¸Y, e¨enviwewa †_‡K
ïiæ K‡i we¯ÍvwiZ LyuwUbvwU †µZv‡K Rvbvb| Avi †µZv cY¨ e¨env‡ii ci wiwfD †`b, fv‡jv bv g›` †m
m¤ú‡K© AewnZ K‡ib| Gfv‡e Kb‡U‡›Ui nvZ a‡iB B-Kgv‡m© †Kbv‡ePv P‡j| ZvB B-Kgv‡m© Kb‡U‡›Ui
†Kv‡bv weKí †bB| B-Kgvm© Kb‡U›U wewfbœ iKg n‡Z cv‡i| †hgbÑ
AwWI Ñ †iKW©K…Z K_vevZ©v|
wfwWI Ñ wewfbœ welq †h¸‡jv wfwWI AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv nq|
†U·U Ñ wewfbœ wel‡q †jLv, †hgb cY¨ wiwfD, wewfbœ ai‡bi evZ©v, AvwU©‡Kj BZ¨vw`|
MÖvwd· Ñ c‡Y¨i Qwe, PvU©, MÖvd BZ¨vw`|
eøwMs Ñ Kb‡U‡›Ui Rb¨ eøwMs‡K ivRv ejv nq|
B-Kgvm© Kb‡U‡›Ui GKwU †gRi w`K n‡”Q BDRvi †Rbv‡i‡UW Kb‡U›U| wb‡gœ G m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨
Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|

BDRvi †Rbv‡i‡UW Kb‡U›U

mvivwe‡k¦ †KvKv-†Kvjv GKwU K¨v‡¤úBb Pvwj‡q wQj| K¨v‡¤úB‡bi bvg wQj ÒShare a cokeÓ| wb‡Ri
ev eÜz‡`i bvg w`‡q Kv÷gvBRW †KvKv-†Kvjvi †evZj cvIqv wQj GB K¨v‡¤úB‡bi AvKl©Yxq w`K|
cÖwZw`b nvRvi nvRvi bZzb bvg w`‡q ˆZwi n‡Zv Kv÷gvBRW †KvKv-†Kvjvi †evZj| GB K¨v‡¤úBb‡K
AviI Qwo‡q †`qvi Rb¨ Kv÷gvi‡`i‡K ejv n‡jv wb‡R‡`i Kv÷gvBRW †evZ‡ji Qwe Zz‡j †hb †mvk¨vj
†bUIqv‡K© †kqvi †`qv nq| djvdj, Kv÷gviivB †KvKv-†Kvjvi GB K¨v‡¤úB‡bi cÖPviYvi KvR K‡i
w`‡jb! Kv÷gvBRW †Kv‡Ki †evZj †kqvi w`‡q mevB‡K K¨v‡¤úBb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bvUv Avm‡j BDRvi
†Rbv‡i‡UW Kb‡U‡›Ui GKwU kw³kvjx D`vniY|
BDRvi †Rbv‡i‡UW Kb‡U›U n‡”Q †mBme Kb‡U›U †hme Kb‡U›U f³iv fv‡jv‡e‡m ˆZwi K‡ib| BDRvi
†Rbv‡i‡UW Kb‡U›U‡K ZvB ÒUnpaid ContributorÓ-Gi Kb‡U›U ejv nq| A_©vr UvKv w`‡q BDRvi
†Rbv‡i‡UW Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e bq| jq¨vj Kv÷gvi A_ev f³ivB wewfbœ ai‡bi eø‡M, Qwe‡Z wKsev
†jLv‡Z Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡ib Zv‡`i wcÖq †cÖvWv‡±i K_v|
e¨emvUv P‡jB Word of Mouth-Gi m~Î a‡i| wWwRUvj hy‡MI Gi e¨wZµg †`Lv hvq bv| ÒGB †`vKv‡bi
GB wRwbmUv fv‡jvÓ GB K_vUv Qovq IB †`vKv‡bi †µZv‡`i †_‡KB| †Zgwb B-Kgv‡m©i hy‡M AbjvBb
†µZv‡`i wiwfD, †jLv, Qwe wKsev wfwWIi c_ a‡iB †Kbv‡ePv P‡j| KviY, gvbyl gv‡K©Uvi‡`i wek¦vm
K‡ib bv| is †X‡j gv‡K©Uviiv Zv‡`i wb‡Ri †cÖvWv‡±i ¸Y MvB‡eB| wKš‘ Avm‡jB cY¨ fv‡jv wKbv Zvi

26-c„ôv
GKgvÎ ivq w`‡Z cv‡ib †mB †cÖvWv‡±i e¨enviKvixivB| Avi ZvB wWwRUvj e¨emvq Avcwb BDRvi
†Rbv‡i‡UW Kb‡U›U‡K †Kv‡bvfv‡eB BM‡bvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv! 86 kZvsk wgwjqwbqvi Rvwb‡q‡Qb †Kv‡bv
GKwU eª¨v‡Ûi ÒGood IndicatorÓ n‡”Q †mB eª¨v‡Ûi †ewk †ewk BDRvi †Rbv‡i‡UW Kb‡U›Umg~n|

BDwRwm-BDRvi †Rbv‡i‡UW Kb‡U›U †Kb GZ cÖfvekvjx

Kv÷gvi‡K †K›`ª K‡i P‡j BDwRwmi gv‡K©wUs
†fv³v ev †µZv n‡”Qb e¨emv‡qi cÖvY| Avi Avcwb †µZv ev †fv³vi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM †`‡eb bv †m Kx
K‡i nq! Zvn‡j †Zv wZwb `yÕw`b c‡iB P‡j hv‡eb Ab¨ eª¨v‡Ûi w`‡K| wWwRUvj hy‡M wWwRUvj Kv÷gvi
wKš‘ AZ¨šÍ eyw×gvb! wZwb Rv‡bb †Kvb eª¨vÛ ÔdvIÕ gv‡K©wUs Pvjv‡”Q, Avi †Kvb eª¨vÛ Avm‡jB A‡_bwUK
Ges ¯^”Q| BDwRwmi †¶‡Î Kv÷gvi †mB cÖK…Z eª¨vÛ wb‡qB K_v ej‡eb, Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡eb| Avi Ab¨
Kv÷gviiv †PvL eÜ K‡i †mB LuvwU ev weï× eª¨v‡Ûi Ici Av¯’v ivL‡eb|

gv‡K©Uvi‡`i wek¦vm K‡ib bv Kv÷gviiv

Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Kv÷gvi gv‡K©Uvi‡`i GK`g wek¦vm K‡ib bv| Kv÷gvi wek¦vm K‡ib Zvi g‡Zv Kv÷gvi‡K,
†h wKbv B‡Zvc~‡e© †cÖvWv±wU e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| GLb †mB e¨enviKvix Kv÷gvi hw` †cÖvWv± wb‡q `yB-PviUv
Kb‡U›U ˆZwi K‡ib, Z‡e Ab¨ Kv÷gviiv A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj †mB †cÖvWv‡±i cÖwZ AvMÖnx n‡q DV‡eb|

GwU A‡_bwUK
Av‡MB e‡jwQ, fv‡jv‡e‡m f³iv ev jq¨vj Kv÷gviiv BDRvi †Rbv‡i‡UW Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡eb| ZvB
GwU A‡_bwUK|

GKwU KwgDwbwU ˆZwi K‡i

ÔAvgiv †KvKv-†Kvjv LvBÕ wKsev ÔAvgiv ûBj cvDWvi BDR KwiÕ GiKg †cÖvWv± e¨enviKvix‡`i ga¨Kvi
GKwU KwgDwbwU ˆZwi K‡i BDwRwm| ÒAvgivÓ GLv‡b GKwU kw³kvjx kã| nqZ †`Lv hvq, wWwRUvwj
GB Avgiv KwgDwbwUi †KD KvD‡K †P‡bb bv| wKš‘ Zv‡`i GKUvB cwiPq n‡q _v‡K †h Zviv IB †cÖvWv±
e¨envi K‡i‡Q Ges jvfevb n‡q‡Q|

LiP Kg
BDwRwm cy‡ivUvB BDRv‡ii ˆZwi Kb‡U›U| BDRvi GB Kb‡U›U¸‡jv wbR B”Qvq †Kv‡bv cÖKvi UvKv QvovB
ˆZwi K‡ib| wZwb Pvb cY¨ wb‡q Zvi AwfÁZv Ab¨‡K Rvbv‡Z, Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kv÷gv‡ii m‡½ wjsK ˆZwi
Ki‡Z wKsev †cÖvWv±wfwËK KwgDwbwU‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z|
A_P GB Kb‡U›U ˆZwii Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwbi †Kv‡bv LiP n‡”Q bv| Kv÷gvi wb‡RB Zvi cÖPviYv K‡i w`‡”Qb
BwRwmi gva¨‡g| cÖPiz A_© e¨q K‡i GKwU wUwf Kgvwk©qvj wKsev wej‡evW© ˆZwi K‡i hZR‡bi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv
hvq! Zvi PvB‡ZI †ewk gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv hvq BDwRwmi gva¨‡g; †Kv‡bv cÖKvi A_© e¨q bv K‡iB!

Kxfv‡e Avcwb Avcbvi mvB‡Ui Rb¨ BDwRwm Ki‡Z cv‡ib ?

cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
Avcwb Avcbvi B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui eøwMs, d‡Uv wKsev wfwWI cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †hLv‡b wewfbœ mvaviY
gvbyl Qwe, †jLv Ges wfwWI cvVv‡Z cv‡ib| G‡Z Avcwb cÖPzi BDRvi †Rbv‡i‡UW Kb‡U›U cv‡eb|

c„ôv- 27
 we‡kl B‡f›U ev K¨v‡¤úBb
Avcwb Avcbvi B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb †_‡K we‡kl B‡f›U ev K¨v‡¤úB‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z cv‡ib †hLv‡b wewfbœ
mvaviY gvbyl AskMÖnY Ki‡eb| Zv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i Qwe, wfwWI ev †jLv Avc‡jvW Ki‡Z ejv n‡e| †hgbÑ
†Kv‡bv AbjvBb Uªv‡fj mvBU evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© wb‡q we‡kl K¨v‡¤úBb Ki‡Z cv‡i, †hLv‡b
Zviv mvaviY gvbyl‡K evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ RvqMvi Qwe Avc‡jvW Kivi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Z cv‡i|

†M÷ eøwMs
aiæb, Avcbvi B-Kgvm© mvBUwU d¨vkb jvBd ÷vBj msµvšÍ| GLb Avcwb Avcbvi mvB‡Ui eø‡M †`‡ki
RbwcÖq Awf‡bÎx ev g‡Wj‡`i d¨vkb AvBwWqv wb‡q †jLvi Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| Zviv B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui
eø‡M †M÷ eøMvi wn‡m‡e Zv‡`i †cv÷ w`‡Z cv‡ib| Gme †cv÷ Zviv Avevi Zv‡`i wbR¯^ I‡qemvBUmn
wewfbœ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g †kqvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G‡Z Avcbvi mvB‡Ui A‡Uvg¨vwUK eª¨vwÛs Ges
cÖ‡gvkb n‡e| hviv †mBme d¨vkb AvBKb‡`i d‡jvqvi Zviv wcÖq e¨w³i †jLv co‡Z Avcbvi mvB‡U
Avm‡eb Ges Uª¨vwdK evov‡eb|

Kb‡U›U †K‡bv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

Bcwm AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i GKwU mdj B-Kgvm© mvBU| GB mvBUwU‡Z Kv÷gviiv gvwmK GKwU wbw`©ó
UvKvi wewbg‡q mve¯ŒvBevi nb| IB mve¯ŒvBevi‡`i Kv‡Q wewfbœ weDwU †cÖvWv‡±i GK c¨v‡KU m¨v¤új
†cuŠ‡Q hvq| m¨v¤új e¨env‡ii ci Kv÷gvi cÖ‡qvRbxq Ges cQ‡›`i †cÖvWv±wU Bcwm mvBU †_‡KB wKb‡Z
cvi‡eb|
wKš‘ gRvi welq wK Rv‡bb? †Kej †cÖvcvi Kb‡U›U ÷ª¨v‡UwRi †Rv‡iB AvR Bcwmi GB RqRqKvi|
nu¨v, Avcwb wek¦vm Kiæb Avi bvB Kiæb, Abe`¨ wfwWI Kb‡U‡›Ui e‡`Šj‡Z Bcwmi AvR AbjvB‡b GB
igigv evRvi| d¨vkb eøMvi wg‡kj dvb Bcwmi dvDÛvi| wg‡kj dvb g~jZ weDwU wUcm wb‡q GKwU
BDwUDe P¨v‡bj Pvjv‡Zb| Zvi GB P¨v‡b‡j wek¦Ry‡o 80 jvL `k©K i‡q‡Qb| kZ †KvwU evi †`Lv n‡q‡Q
wfwWI¸‡jv| GiB e‡`Šj‡Z 2015 mv‡j †dve©m cÖKvwkZ d¨vkb Ges ÷vB‡ji 30 Rb D‡`¨v³vi GKRb
nb wg‡kj dvb| Avi Zvi ciciB Bcwmi hvÎv|
Av›`vR Kiæb †Zv, Bcwmi GLb ch©šÍ mve¯ŒvBevi KZ? 30 jvL! 30 jvL Kv÷gvi cÖwZ gv‡m Bcwm‡Z
mve¯ŒvBe K‡i weDwU †cÖvWv‡±i m¨v¤új cvb| wg‡kj dvb m¤úªwZ Zvi Kb‡U›U ÷ª¨v‡UwR‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q
AvBKb †bUIqvK© bvgK GKwU I‡qemvBU Pvjy K‡i‡Qb †hLv‡b jvBd ÷vB‡ji Dc‡i A_©vr ivbœv, Ni
mvRv‡bv, Wv‡qU, †gwW‡Ukb BZ¨vw`i Dc‡i we‡klÁ‡`i wfwWI Kb‡U›U †`qv nq|
wg‡kj dv‡bi GB D`vniYUv †`Iqvi GKUvB KviY, wVKVvK Kb‡U›U cø¨vwbs Avcbvi B-Kgvm© weR‡bm‡K
†Kv_vq wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i Zv Avcwb fve‡ZI cvi‡eb bv| we‡k¦i 90 kZvsk cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i gv‡K©wUs‡qi
GKUv eo †¶Î Ry‡o †i‡L‡Q Kb‡U›U‡K| †Kbbv Uª¨vwWkbvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi PvB‡Z wZb¸Y †ewk `ªæZ KvR K‡i
Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs| ZvQvov Uª¨vwWkbvj gv‡K©wUs †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB e¨q mv‡c¶, †mLv‡b Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs
wVK Zvi wecixZ| Uª¨vwWkbvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi PvB‡Z Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs‡q 62 kZvsk Kg UvKv LiP nq|

28-c„ôv
Kb‡U‡›Ui eo GKwU kw³kvjx w`K n‡”Q, GwU Kv÷gv‡ii mv‡_ eª¨v‡Ûi GKwU †K¬vR wi‡jkb ˆZwi K‡i
†`q| Kb‡U‡›Ui †Rv‡iB cÖvq 72 kZvsk Kv÷gvi wek¦vm Ki‡Z eva¨ nb, eª¨vÛ Zvi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM w`‡”Q
Ges Zvi mv‡_ Kv÷gvi wi‡jkbwkc ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| cÖvq 60 kZvs‡ki AwaK Kv÷gvi eª¨vÛ wi‡j‡UW
Kb‡U›U Avb›` wb‡q c‡ob Ges gZvgZ Rvbvb|
Kb‡U›U †µZv ev †fv³vi mv‡_ mivmwi K_v e‡j| Gi d‡j Avcbvi e¨emv ev c‡Y¨i cÖwZ MÖvnK ev
†fv³vi Av¯’v R‡b¥| Gfv‡eB Kv÷gv‡ii g‡a¨ Avcbvi †icy‡Ukb ˆZwi nq| Avi fv‡jv gv‡bi Kb‡U›U
wPi¯’vqx nq| Z‡e GKUv K_v wVK †h, GLb †U·U †eRW Kb‡U‡›Ui PvB‡Z wfwWI Kb‡U‡›Ui cÖPvi Ges
cÖmvi †ewk| Avevi K‡qK eQi Av‡M eo †jLv¸‡jvi wKIqvW©¸‡jv nvBjvBU Kiv n‡Zv, hv‡Z †KD cy‡ivUv
†jLv bv c‡oI eyS‡Z cv‡ib Kx †jLv Av‡Q| dg© †PÄ n‡jI Kb‡U‡›Ui cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wKš‘ †Kv‡bvw`b
dziv‡e bv| Avcwb cÖ_g eQ‡i Avcbvi I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨ 100wU Kb‡U›U wjL‡jb| c‡ii eQi AviI
100wU gv‡b †gvU `uvovj 200wU Kb‡U›U| Z…Zxq eQ‡i AviI 100wU Kb‡U›U wjL‡jb, †gvU msL¨v `uvovj
300wU| Avcbvi Av‡Mi Kb‡U›U i‡q‡Q Ges bZzb bZzb Kb‡U›U †hvM n‡”Q| hLb Kb‡U‡›Ui msL¨v evo‡Q
ZLb †fv³v ev †µZviv Avcbvi bvg †ewk †ewk Rvb‡Qb| Avcbvi †jLv co‡Qb| Avcbvi mvB‡U Uª¨vwdK
evo‡Q| ZvB Kb‡U›U †W‡fjc‡g›U KLbB AcÖ‡qvRbxq nq bv| wKš‘ Avcbvi mvB‡Ui Rb¨ DbœZgv‡bi
Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z GKwU `xN©‡gqvw` cwiKíbv cÖ‡qvRb|

Kb‡U‡›Ui K‡qKwU mdj D`vniY

AbjvBb e¨emvq †U·U, Qwe ev wfwWI Kb‡U‡›Ui gva¨‡g mdjZv †c‡q‡Qb A‡bK D‡`¨v³vB| weÁvc‡bi
eo ev‡R‡Ui duv‡` cv bv w`‡q Kb‡U›U w`‡q e¨emvi cmvi Rwg‡q‡Qb| Gevi †ZgbB K‡qKwU D`vniY
†R‡b wbb| wg. †cvU©vi : hy³ivR¨wfwËK GKwU B-Kgvm© mvBU n‡”Q wg. †cvU©vi| GB B-Kgvm© mvBUwU
cyiæl‡`i wewfbœ †cvkvK wewµ K‡i| ïay Kb‡U›U‡K cyuwR K‡iB wKš‘ GB mvB‡Ui †ePv‡Kbv P‡j| wg.
†cvU©v‡ii GKwU wbR¯^ Rvb©vj Av‡Q| cyiæl‡`i wewfbœ mgq Ges ¯’v‡bi d¨vkb wb‡q GB Rvb©v‡j wbqwgZ
AvwU©‡Kj cÖKvk nq| †hgbÑ MigKv‡j Kx ai‡bi w¯œKvi ci‡Z nq wKsev Kx Kx eª¨vÛ Z¡‡Ki cÖwZ we‡kl
hZœevi ev Kx Kx †ivM `~i Ki‡e cÖf…wZ| GB eø‡Mi †fZ‡i wKQz wKQz wKIqvW© Ges nvBcviwjsK e¨envi
Kiv nq|

GB wjsK g~jZ wg
†cvU©v‡ii B-Kgvm© mvB‡U wb‡q hvq| †mLvb †_‡K †µZv PvB‡j IB cY¨wU wKb‡Z cv‡ib| Zvi gv‡b,
eø‡Mi cvVK‡`i‡K e¨vK wjs‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Zviv B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui †µZv evwb‡q †d‡j| Avi GBUvB B-Kgvm©
Kb‡U‡›Ui kw³| wg. †cvU©v‡ii wjsK n‡”QÑ www.mrporter.com/en-gb

weªD WM
weªD WM ¯‹Uj¨vÛwfwËK GKwU eûRvwZK weqvi Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb| cÖwZôvbwU mbvZbx c×wZ‡Z nv‡Z
ˆZwi weqvi wewµ K‡i| GwU wek¦Ry‡o µvdU weqvi bv‡g mgv`„Z| hy³iv‡R¨ cÖ_g mvwi‡Z i‡q‡Q G
eª¨vÛwU| µvdU weqv‡ii wewfbœ wfwWI Kb‡U›U wb‡q †Zv cy‡iv`¯‘i GKwU wUwf P¨v‡bjB Ly‡j †d‡j‡Q
weªD WM| GQvov BDwUD‡e Zv‡`i wbR¯^ P¨v‡bj i‡q‡Q| Avi Gfv‡eB wfwWI Kb‡U‡›Ui gva¨‡g weªD WM
cÖwZw`bB Zv‡`i MÖvnK e„w× Ki‡Q| weªD W‡Mi wjsK n‡”QÑ www.brewdog.com

c„ôv- 29
 wdUweU
bvg ï‡bB †evSv hv‡”Q wdU‡bm m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ †cÖvWv± wb‡qB wdUweU B-Kgvm© mvBUwU| hy³ivóªwfwËK
G mvB‡U GKwU kwcs MvBW i‡q‡Q| i‡q‡Q ÒFind Your FitÓ bv‡g GKwU Kb©vi| GLv‡b wewfbœ wdU‡bm
AvB‡U‡gi wdPvi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv †`qv Av‡Q| †Kvb AvB‡Ug Kx Kv‡R jv‡M, Kxfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z nq Zvi
eY©bv Lye mn‡RB G Kb©vi †_‡K cvIqv hvq| G‡Z wdU‡bm AvB‡Ug †µZviv Lye mn‡RB Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq
cY¨wU Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Gi cvkvcvwk wdUweU Zv‡`i BDwUDe P¨v‡b‡j wewfbœ wfwWI wUD‡Uvwiqvj cÖKvk K‡i| wfwWI¸‡jvi g~j
DcvË _v‡K wdUwe‡Ui cY¨ e¨envi K‡i †µZviv Kxfv‡e DcK…Z n‡Z cv‡ib Zvi Ici| GB wfwWI¸‡jv
†`L‡jB GKRb †µZv eyS‡Z cv‡ib †Kvb cY¨wU Zvi wdU‡b‡mi Rb¨ AwaK `iKvix| wdUwe‡Ui wjsK
n‡”QÑ www.fitbit.com

wiwµ‡qkbvj BKz¨Bc‡g›U B¼
cvnv‡o DV‡Z PvIqv wKsev Nb R½‡j nvwi‡q hvIqv A`g¨ AwfhvÎxi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡bi Abyl½
cvIqv hvq GB B-Kgvm© mvB‡U| Qwe Avi wfwWI Kb‡U›U w`‡q Zviv `viæYfv‡e †µZv‡`i AvKl©Y K‡i‡Qb|
cvnv‡o IVvi Rb¨ †Kvb RyZvwU me‡P‡q fv‡jv wKsev Nb R½‡j Kxfv‡e Zuvey LvUv‡Z nq, GB mewKQy
wb‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi wfwWI wUD‡Uvwiqvj evbv‡bv _v‡K GB mvB‡U| Zv‡`i wbR¯^ BDwUDe P¨v‡b‡jI GB
wfwWI¸‡jv Avc‡jvW Kiv n‡q _v‡K| ejv hvq †h, hviv †NvivNywi fv‡jvev‡mb Zv‡`i Rb¨ hyrmB GKwU
B-Kgvm© mvBU GwU| wiwµ‡qkbvj BKz¨Bc‡g›U B‡¼i wjsKÑ www.rei.com

hw` fv‡jv Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z PvB

cÖ_‡g Rvb‡Z n‡e Avcwb †K‡bv Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb
fv‡jv Kb‡U‡›Ui c~e©kZ© n‡”Q Avcbvi Kb‡U›U ˆZwii j¶¨Uv wVK Kiv| Avcwb wK Avcbvi mvB‡Ui e¨vK
wjsK evov‡Z Pvb? bvwK †mvk¨vj †bUIqv‡K© Avcwb Avcbvi cÖ‡gvkb Pv‡”Qb? wKsev Avcwb PvB‡Qb mvP©
Bwćb Avcbvi mvB‡Ui i¨vsK evov‡Z A_©vr GmBI Ki‡Z? GB welq¸‡jv wb‡q Avcbvi ¯úó aviYv _vKv
Lye Riæwi| KviY, Gi Dci wfwË K‡iB ˆZwi n‡e Avcbvi Kb‡U›U cwiKíbv|
Avcwb hw` Pvb †mvk¨vj †bUIqvwK©s mvB‡U Avcbvi cY¨ Ges B-Kgv‡m©i avgvKv cÖ‡gvkb, Zvn‡j Avcbv‡K
Aek¨B Qwe Ges wfwWI Kb‡U‡›Ui w`‡K †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î Avcbvi cY¨ wb‡q Lye my›`i K‡i
†U·UwfwËK Ges B‡gRwfwËK wiwfD †`Iqv Riæwi| Gi cvkvcvwk Avcbv‡K my›`i †U·U ev wfwWI
Kb‡U‡›Ui gva¨‡g mvB‡Ui GdGwKD, cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm, Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛkb, weµ‡qvËi †mev, †c‡g›U
cÖwµqv, Gme welq †µZvi Kv‡Q Lye my›`ifv‡e Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e|
mvB‡Ui e¨vK wjsK Ges GmBIi †¶‡Î eøM, AvwU©‡K‡ji cÖwZ Avcbv‡K g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e me‡P‡q †ewk|
†Kvb wKIqvW© w`‡q †µZviv mvP© K‡ib Zv Avcbv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e| †mme wKIqvW© w`‡q Avcbvi eøM‡K
mg„× Ki‡Z n‡e| g~jZ Kb‡U›U wb‡q Avcwb Kx Ki‡Z Pvb GB wPšÍvUvB Avcbv‡K e‡j †`‡e Avcbv‡K
Kx Ki‡Z n‡e!

30-c„ôv
¯§vU© Kb‡U›U evbv‡bvi Rb¨ `iKvi ¯§vU© Kb‡U›U †gKvi
Avcbvi Kb‡U›U cø¨vb Kiv †kl| GLb Avcbvi Kb‡U›U ÷ª¨v‡UwR Gw·wKDU Kivi cvjv! G‡¶‡Î Avcwb
wd«j¨vÝvi‡`i mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKsev †Kv‡bv Kb‡U›U G‡Rw݇K wb‡qvM w`‡Z cv‡ib| wKsev
Bb-nvDR wU‡g GK`g bZzb †hvM¨ KvD‡K wb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î wKQy myweav I Amyweav
Av‡Q| Avcbv‡K †m¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e| wd«j¨vÝvi wb‡qvM Ki‡j Avcbv‡K cÖPzi UvKv
¸b‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Avcwb cÖPzi `¶ †jvK‡K Avcbvi †Uwe‡j cv‡eb| we‡klZ wd«j¨vÝviiv Avcbvi GKwU
wbw`©ó cÖK‡íi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e `¶ n‡q _vK‡eb| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î we‡kl Amyweav n‡”Q wd«j¨vÝviiv Zv‡`i
wb‡R‡`i mgqg‡Zv KvR Ki‡eb Ges Avcbv‡K KvR cvIqvi Rb¨ ZvMv`v w`‡Z n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K Kb‡U›U
G‡RwÝi mv‡_ KvR Kiv gv‡b mgq euvPv‡bv| Avcwb Avcbvi PvIqv-cvIqv Zv‡`i‡K Rvbv‡j Zviv mgq
Abyhvqx Avcbv‡K Avcbvi KvR eywS‡q †`‡e| Pzw³ Abyhvqx Avcwb Zv‡`i‡K wbw`©ó cwigvY GKwU A_©
w`‡q _vK‡eb| Z‡e Sv‡gjv n‡”Q, Kb‡U›U G‡RwÝi mv‡_ Pzw³ n‡j Avcwb †mB Pzw³ mg‡qi Av‡M evwZj
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| a‡ib Avcbvi cÖK‡íi gvSc‡_ Zv‡`i KvR cQ›` n‡”Q bv| †m‡¶‡Î †Kv‡bv mgq
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cvi‡eb| wKš‘ Sv‡gjv n‡jv, bZzb Kg©x‡`i cÖwk¶Y w`‡q `¶ K‡i †Zvjv mgq mv‡c¶| Av‡iKwU Ackb
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cø¨vwbs‡qi Dci Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv n¯Í‡¶c _vK‡e bv| Avcwb hv PvB‡eb, ZvB Kvh©Ki Kiv n‡e|
Avm‡j e¨vcvi n‡”Q, me cÖK‡í mgvb Kb‡U›U †gKvi `iKvi †bB| †Kv‡bv cÖK‡í `iKvi wd«j¨vÝvi, Avevi
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Avcbv‡K ¯§vU© Kb‡U›U ˆZwi K‡i †`‡eb|

Kv‡`i Rb¨ evbv‡”Qb Kb‡U›U

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Kb‡U›U ˆZwii Av‡M| †m Abyhvqx Kb‡U›U cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e| aiv hvK, Avcbvi Uv‡M©U Kv÷gvi wewfbœ
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Kb‡U›U n‡Z n‡e Z_¨eûj Ges B›Uv‡iw÷s

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AvKwl©Z n‡q Avcbvi eø‡M G‡jb| wKš‘ GB Kb‡U›Umg~n GmBI Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡e
bv| Avcwb hw` Pvb †h Avcbvi B-Kgvm© mvBUwU mvP© Bwćbi Dc‡i i¨vs‡K _vKzK! Z‡e Avcbv‡K Aek¨B
Z_¨eûj Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| AM©vwbK mvP© UªvwdK (A_©vr †cBW ev A¨vW QvovB ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e
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cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b, wewfbœ ai‡bi wUD‡Uvwiqvj hy³ Kiæb| Z‡eB bv Avcbvi Kb‡U›U n‡q DV‡e Z_¨eûj
Ges `iKvwi|

c„ôv- 31
Kb‡U›U wWw÷ªweDkb
G †Zv †Mj fv‡jv Kb‡U›U ˆZwii K_v! GLb `iKvi Kb‡U›U wWw÷ªweDU Kivi cø¨vb| Kb‡U›U wWw÷ªweDkb
ej‡Z †evSvq, AbjvB‡b wewfbœ mvB‡U wM‡q wewfbœ AwW‡q‡Ýi Kv‡Q ˆZwiK…Z Kb‡U›U †cŠu‡Q †`qv| GB
KvRwU Avcwb wewfbœ gva¨‡g Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Kb‡U›U wWw÷ªweDk‡bi †¶‡Î wZbwU gva¨g Riæwi|

Owned Content Distribution

Avcbvi wb‡Ri ˆZwi Kiv I‡qe gva¨g †hgbÑ Avcbvi eøM, B-†gBj wbDR‡jUvi, †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi mvB‡U
Avcbvi Kb‡U›U †cuŠ‡Q w`‡jb|

Earned Content Distribution

G‡¶‡Î _vW© cvwU© Avcbvi Kb‡U›U cvVK ev `k©‡Ki Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`‡e| GwU n‡Z cv‡i †Kv‡bv †cÖm
Kfv‡iR, †cÖvWv± wiwfD A_ev †M÷ AvwU©‡Kj ivBUAvc|

Paid Content Distribution

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cÖwZwU wK¬‡Ki Rb¨|

wbqwgZ Kb‡U›U wi‡d«k Kiv

Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Kivi ciB B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui KvR †kl n‡q hvq bv| Kb‡U›U cÖwZwbqZ Avc‡WU Ki‡Z n‡e|
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n‡j cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q †mB Kb‡U›U MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv nviv‡e|

wfwRUi‡K evbv‡Z n‡e †µZv

Av”Qv GB †h GZ¶Y fv‡jv Kb‡U›U ˆZwii K_v ejjvg, †mUv Avm‡j Avgiv †K‡bv Kie? Aek¨B Avcbvi
B-Kgvm© mvB‡U †µZvi msL¨v evov‡Z| B-Kgvm© mvB‡U fv‡jv Kb‡U›U †`qvi j¶¨B n‡”Q G‡Z mvB‡U
A‡bK wfwRUi Avm‡eb| wKš‘ Avcbvi KvR n‡e †mB wfwRUi‡`i †µZv evwb‡q †djv| KviY B-Kgv‡m©
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mg‡q †cÖvWv‡± nvBcviwjsK e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z Kb‡U›U covi mg‡qB wfwRUiiv PvB‡j †cÖvWv±
†Kbvi Rb¨ AW©vi w`‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib|

wewfbœ ai‡bi Kb‡U›U

DbœZgv‡bi eo AvwU©‡Kj
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BÛvw÷ª wb‡q bvbvb Z_¨| GB AvwU©‡Kj¸‡jv ˆZwi Kiv mgq mv‡c¶| ZvQvov Z_¨ †hb wbf©i‡hvM¨ nq
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B-Kgvm© mvBUwU‡K BÛvw÷ª‡Z RvqMv K‡i †bqvi Rb¨ GB eo gv‡ci AvwU©‡Kj¸‡jvi `iKvi Av‡Q|
AbjvB‡b GB AvwU©‡KjwelqK mvP© w`‡j Avcbvi AvwU©‡KjwUB cÖ_‡g Avm‡e|

32-c„ôv
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eøM ˆZwi Ges †gBb‡Ub Kiv Av‡iKwU Kómva¨ Ges mgq mv‡c¶ KvR| wKš‘ GKwU eøM Avcbvi B-Kgvm©
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wel‡q eo Ges †QvU †jLv, wfwWI Ges Qwe Avc‡jvW Kiv n‡e|

Uc †Ub/Uc dvBf Kb‡U›U

MigKv‡j evB‡i civi Rb¨ †miv `kwU †Wªm wKsev cvnv‡o DVvi Rb¨ †miv cuvPwU RyZv G ai‡bi Uc †Ub
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Kxfv‡e AvwU©‡Kj/wfwWI cÖKvk

Kxfv‡e Pz‡j my›`i †eYx Ki‡eb ev cvwU©‡Z †h‡Z Kx ai‡bi mvR‡MvR Ki‡eb? G ai‡bi nvD-Uz (Kxfv‡e)
AvwU©‡Kj wKsev wfwWI‡Z Lye mn‡RB `k©K‡`i AvK…ó Kiv hvq| D`vniY wn‡m‡e Avgiv jyw·‡nqvi
WUK‡gi K_v ej‡Z cvwi| GB B-Kgvm© mvBUwU †g‡q‡`i wewfbœ †nqvi G·‡Ubkb wewµ K‡i| jyw·
WUK‡gi GKwU wbR¯^ BDwUDe P¨v‡bj i‡q‡Q| GB wfwWI¸‡jv‡Z †`Lv‡bv nq Kxfv‡e Zv‡`i cY¨ e¨envi
K‡i GKRb †g‡q Zvi Pz‡ji Abe`¨ wWRvBb Ki‡Z cv‡i! ZvQvov †µZv Kxfv‡e jyw·‡nqvi G·‡Ubkb
e¨envi Ki‡eb, †Kgb K‡i Zv‡`i †cÖvWv± msi¶Y Ki‡eb BZ¨vw` bvbv wel‡q wfwWI †`qv Av‡Q †mLv‡b|
GQvovI jyw·‡nqvi †nqv‡ii GKwU eøM Av‡Q †hLv‡b wewfbœ ÷vBj, wUcm wb‡q †cv÷ †`qv Av‡Q| nvD-Uz
AvwU©‡Kj, Qwe ev wfwWI Kb‡U›Umg~n Lye mn‡RB gvbyl‡K Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i| gvbyl kU©Kv‡U Z_¨ †c‡Z
fv‡jvev‡mb| jyw·‡nqvi WUK‡gi wjsKÑ www.luxyhair.com/collections

†µZvi Rb¨ MvBW

AbjvB‡b †jv‡K mgq euvPv‡Z †KbvKvUv K‡i _v‡Kb| ZvB †Kv‡bv B-Kgvm© mvBU PvB‡j GKRb †µZv
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GB †cÖvWv± wiwfD cÖPvi Kiv GK A‡_© eª¨vwÛs A¨vÛ cÖ‡gvkb| KviY Ab¨vb¨ Kv÷gvi †Kbvi Av‡M GB
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cÖZ¨qbcÎ/†µZvi mvÿ¨
weUzwe B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui Rb¨ K¬v‡q›U †Uw÷gwb L‡Ï‡ii cÖZ¨qbcÎ †µZv‡K AvK…ó Ki‡Z `viæY f‚wgKv
iv‡L| weUzwe mvBU †_‡K †hme e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb cY¨ µq K‡i‡Q Zv‡`i AwfÁZv †U·U ev wfwWI AvKv‡i
†mB mvBUwU †kqvi Ki‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi Kb‡U‡›Ui †¶‡Î D‡jøL _vK‡eÑ

c„ôv- 33
 cÖwZôvbwU Kx Kx mgm¨vi gy‡LvgywL n‡qwQj?
mgm¨v †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ Zv‡`i Kx Kx c_ †Lvjv wQj?
weUzwe mvBU †_‡K cY¨ †Kbvi d‡j Zv‡`i Kx mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡jv?
Avcbvi weUzwe mvBU †_‡K †Kbvi d‡j Zv‡`i e¨emv‡q KZUv DbœwZ n‡jv? GB c‡q›U¸‡jv GB
Kb‡U‡›U D‡jøL _vKv gv‡b K¬v‡q›U mv¶¨ w`‡”Q †h, GB mvB‡Ui †cÖvWv± Avgv‡`i Rb¨ `iKvwi Ges
jvfRbK wQj| Zv‡`i GB mv¶¨ †µZv evov‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

FAQ
B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui †¶‡Î FAQ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| FAQ-Gi gva¨‡g GKRb †µZv Avcbvi e¨emvi †mevi
aib m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| we‡µZv †jLv, Qwe Ges wfwWIi gva¨‡g †µZvi FAQ-Gi DËi w`‡Z
cv‡ib| Gfv‡e GKwU mvBU †h welq/cY¨ wb‡q KvR Ki‡Q Zv m¤ú‡K© †µZvi g‡b Av¯’v AR©b Ki‡Z
cv‡i|

Qwe
B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui Rb¨ Qwe Acwinvh©| Qwe Qvov B-Kgvm© mvBU wPšÍvB Kiv hvq bv| c‡Y¨i my›`i Qwe Ges
wek` weeiY †µZv‡K `ªæZ AvK…ó K‡i| weUzwe mvB‡Ui †¶‡Î Qwe Av‡iv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †jLv w`‡q GKUv c‡Y¨i
¸Yv¸Y eySv‡bv †M‡jI cY¨wUi evwn¨K ¸Yv¸Y †evSvi Rb¨ Qwe `iKvi|

KvwnbxwfwËK Kb‡U›U
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K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i mvB‡Ui mv‡_| M‡íi Avw½‡K wKsev †Kv‡bv NUbv Dc¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g cY¨ wb‡q
cÖPv‡ii j‡¶¨ GLb wewfbœ wfwWI, B‡gR wKsev †U·U Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Kiv nq|

Kb‡U‡›Ui fwel¨r †UªÛ

Kx n‡e fwel¨‡Z B-Kgv‡m© Kb‡U‡›Ui †UªÛ
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†PvL Kvb Ly‡j †hŠw³Kfv‡e Pjgvb †SuvK ev wb‡¤œ wKQz †UªÛ‡K ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡jB Zvi DËi Avgiv †c‡q
hve| c~e©vfvm †`qv n‡jv fwel¨r Kb‡U›U wb‡qÑ

eª¨v‡Ûi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv wbf©i Ki‡e Kb‡U‡›Ui gv‡bi Dci

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cÖwZwbqZ Z_¨-DcvË cvw”Q Avi wbw”Q| ZvB wbKU fwel¨‡Z Z_¨-DcvËB n‡e Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs‡qi g~j
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eRvq ivL‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡K Aek¨B, Aek¨B Ges Aek¨B gvbm¤úbœ Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

34-c„ôv
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2016 mv‡j †mvk¨vj †bUIqv‡K©i Kvievwi‡`i gZvgZ ej‡Q, IB mg‡q 70 kZvsk gv‡K©wUs n‡q‡Q †Kej
wfwWIi gva¨‡g| Avi GB AZ¨waK wfwWI gvby‡li Af¨vm‡K cwieZ©b K‡i w`‡”Q| wmm‡Kv †bUIqv‡K©i
g‡Z, 2019 mv‡ji g‡a¨B 80 kZvsk †Møvevj B›Uvi‡bU Uª¨vwdK Av‡m wfwWI †_‡K|

B›Uvi‡bU cø¨vUdg© Avm‡e-hv‡e

GK hyM Av‡M hLb †mvk¨vj wgwWqv wQj bZzb| Zv‡`i †mB AvMg‡b ax‡i ax‡i B›Uvi‡b‡Ui M‡f© nvwi‡q
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i‡q‡QB| Kv‡ji M‡f© nvwi‡q †M‡Q wgM wKsev gvB †¯ú‡mi g‡Zv P¨vU mvBU|
aiv hv‡”Q Podcasts eøM ev wfwWI GKmgq kvmb Ki‡e B›Uvi‡bU ivRZ¡‡K| †µZv/†fv³v wb‡R †hwU
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Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs‡qi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb¸‡jv BwZg‡a¨B Z…Zxq cÿ‡K Kb‡U‡›Ui
KvR †`Iqv ïiæ K‡i‡Q| Avi ZvB cÖKvkbv ms¯’v¸‡jv ch©šÍ B-Kgvm© Kb‡U‡›Ui wewbg‡q Av‡qi iv¯Ív ˆZwi
K‡i wb‡q‡Q| `¨ wbD BqK© UvBgm, `¨ Iqvjw÷ªU Rvb©vj, Kb‡W b¨v‡÷i g‡Zv eo eo cÖKvkbv ms¯’v G
†_‡K bZzb e¨emv m„wói K_v gv_vq †i‡L Kb‡U›U G‡RwÝ Pvjy K‡i‡Q| KviY B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi Kb‡U›U
`iKvi Ges Gme cÖwZôv‡bi g~j cY¨B n‡”Q Kb‡U›U| ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv, B-Kgv‡m©i `ywbqv‡Z Kb‡U›U
GK”QÎ ivRZ¡ Ki‡Z Avm‡Q| ZvB Avgv‡`iI cÖ¯‘Z n‡Z n‡e `ªæZ!

c„ôv- 35
 Aa¨vq-7

B-Kgvm© e¨emvq cÖ¯Ívebv Ges †KŠkj

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgvm© e¨emvwqK †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© h_vh_ Ávbjvf|
B-Kgvm© ïiæi c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o Rvb‡eb

Kxfv‡e B-Kgvm© e¨emv ïiæi Av‡M cÖv_wgK avc¸‡jv m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq|
B-Kgvm© e¨emvi AZ¨vek¨Kxq avc¸‡jv Kx Kx?
e¨emvi †¶Î, cY¨ wbe©vPb, cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ges Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ aviYv|

GKwU mdj B-Kgv‡m©i c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ

†h‡Kv‡bv e¨emvq-evwY‡R¨i cÖ_g kZ© n‡”Q †mB e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ Avek¨Kxq c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ| GB c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ g~jZ
e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ Dchy³ †¶Î wbe©vP‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| G †¶Î wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K wKQy wel‡qi Ici
Aek¨B †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|

36-c„ôv
welq¸‡jv wbgœiƒc
†Kvb †cÖvWv±wU wb‡q Avcwb AbjvB‡b †ePv‡Kbv Ki‡Z Pvb
bZzb e¨emvqx‡`i Kv‡Q AbjvBb e¨emvq ïiæ Kiv wbtm‡›`‡n †ivgvÂKi welq| wKš‘ GB e¨emvq ïiæ Kivi
Av‡M me‡P‡q eo P¨v‡jÄ n‡q `uvovq AbjvB‡b Kx †ePe? GZ GZ cY¨mvwi †_‡K Avcwb Avcbvi AbjvBb
mvB‡U †Kvb cY¨wU wewµ Ki‡Z Pvb †m wel‡q wm×všÍ †bIqvUv h‡_ó RwUj I KwVb| Ges Gi cvkvcvwk
Av‡iKwU cÖkœ G‡m hvq Avcwb †h cY¨wU wewµ Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb †mwU wK mwVK mg‡q RvnvRxKiY ev Pvjvb
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb wK-bv? cY¨wU wK cPbkxj †Kv‡bv `ªe¨? †fv³vi Kv‡Q AweK…Z Ae¯’vq †cuŠQv‡Z cvi‡e †Zv?
hw` Avcwb wm×všÍ †bbÑ †iwd«Rv‡iUi †eP‡eb, Z‡e GwU msMÖn †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †fv³vi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv
ch©šÍ (wkc‡g›U) welqwU Avcbvi fvebvq _vK‡Z n‡e| wKsev Avcwb `ya wewµ Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb! AwZ Mi‡g
Zv c‡P †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB `~‡ii †fv³vi Kv‡Q cPv `ya †cuŠQv‡bvUv Lye ¯^vfvweK e¨vcvi! ZvB `ya wewµi
†¶‡Î Avcbv‡K GB wel‡q j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e! cY¨ wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î mevi Av‡M †µZv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avcwb Kvi Kv‡Q, †Kvb GjvKvi †fv³vi Kv‡Q cY¨wU wewµ Ki‡Z Pvb †mwU Avcbv‡K wVK Ki‡Z n‡e|
Kv÷gvi ev wba©vwiZ †fv³v wbe©vPb Kivi †µZv/†fv³vi GjvKv, eqm, †eZb, cY¨ cQ›` Kivi iæwP m¤ú‡K©
Avcbv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e| Gi cvkvcvwk Avcbv‡K fvebvq ivL‡Z n‡e Avcwb Avcbvi weµq‡hvM¨ c‡Y¨i
†h `vg ivL‡Qb Zv IB Uv‡M©U Kv÷gv‡ii Rb¨ Dchy³ wK-bv| Avcbvi Kv÷gvi †K‡bv Avcbvi cY¨wU
wKb‡eb, †fv³v‡`i Kv‡Q GB c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v ev KZUzKz †mB wel‡q Avcbv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e| aiæb Avcwb
Avcbvi AbjvBb kc †_‡K w_ªwcm wewµ Ki‡Z Pvb| GLb cÖPzi AbjvBb AdjvBb kc i‡q‡Q w_ªwcm
wb‡q hviv weR‡bm K‡i| Avcbv‡K Zv‡`i †P‡q Abb¨ n‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑ Avcwb †Kej Avcbvi AbjvBb
kc †_‡K Zuv‡Zi wKsev Lvw` Kvc‡oi w_ªwcm wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Avcwb wd« †nvg †Wwjfvwii e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z
cv‡ib, cÖvBm Kg ivL‡Z cv‡ib BZ¨vw`! †gvÏv K_v, †cÖvWv± wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î Avcbv‡K Kv÷gv‡ii gb
eyS‡Z n‡e|

Avcbvi cY¨ ev †mevwUi Pvwn`v wba©viY K‡i‡Qb †Zv

Avcwb †h cY¨wU wb‡q KvR Ki‡Qb Zvi eZ©gvb evRvi †Kgb| Kv÷gv‡ii wK AvMÖn Av‡Q GB †cÖvWv‡±i
Ici wKsev †bB! wKsev evRv‡i GB †cÖvWv‡±i A‡bK `vg e‡j Gi Uv‡M©U Kv÷gvi Kg! Kg Uv‡M©U Kv÷gvi
_vKv †cÖvWv± wb‡q Avcbvi jvf Av‡`Š n‡e wK-bv GBme wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K GKUv KvR
Aek¨B Ki‡Z n‡e| †mwU n‡”Q evRvi Rwic A_©vr evRvi M‡elYv|
Avcwb †h cY¨wU wb‡q KvR Ki‡Qb Zvi cvBKvwi we‡µZv, cÖ¯‘ZKviK Kviv †mB wel‡q Avcbvi wek`
aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i m‡½ K_v e‡jB Avcwb eyS‡Z cvi‡eb evRv‡i Avcbvi wbe©vwPZ c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v
†Kgb| Z‡e Av‡iKUv welq Avcbv‡K PjwZ c‡Y¨i m‡½ Avc‡W‡UW ivL‡e| †mwU n‡”Q evRvi cÖeYZv|
evRvi †Kvbw`‡K SzuK‡Q, evRvi M‡elYvi GKwU eo Ask n‡”Q GB gv‡K©U †UªÛ|
gv‡K©U †UªÛ †evSvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K †PvL-Kvb †Lvjv ivL‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ Le‡ii KvMR, g¨vMvwRb, mvgwqKx,
†UªW Rvb©vj, †cÖvWv± wW‡i±wi‡Z Avcbv‡K wbqwgZ †PvL ivL‡Z n‡e| †Kvb c‡Y¨i †Kbv‡ePv †Kgb,
evRvi`i †Kgb GB mewKQyB Avcwb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb gv‡K©U †UªÛ †_‡K| aiæb Avcwb GK`g GKwU D™¢vebx
cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb, †h cY¨wU Av‡M †KD KL‡bv wewµ K‡iwb †m‡¶‡Î Avcbv‡K Ggb I‡qemvBU
mvP© Ki‡Z n‡e hviv Avcbvi †cÖvWv‡±i KvQvKvwQ †Kvb †cÖvWv± wewµ K‡i| G‡Z Avcwb eyS‡eb Avcbvi
†cÖvWv±wU evRv‡i †Kgb mvov †dj‡Z cv‡i| Ges Avcwb GI eyS‡eb Avcbv‡K Kv‡`i m‡½ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
Ki‡Z n‡e!

c„ôv- 37
 e¨emvqx cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i Lyu‡R †ei Kiæb, wimvP© Kiæb Zv‡`i‡KI
AvUNvU †eu‡a e¨emvUv Ki‡Z nq! Ges mZ¨ K_v e¨emvUv Avcwb GKvB †Kej Ki‡Qb bv| evRvi hZ eo
n‡e, ZZ e¨emv †hgb evo‡e †Zgwb evo‡e e¨emvi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| wKš‘ Kv‡`i m‡½ Avcbv‡K cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
Ki‡Z n‡e †mUv hw` bv-B Rv‡bb, Z‡e evRv‡i wU‡K _vK‡eb Kx K‡i? ZvB mevi cÖ_‡g Avcbvi weR‡bm
Kw¤úwUUi‡`i wb‡q GKUv wj÷ K‡i †djyb| wKQyB bv, †h †cÖvWv±¸‡jv wb‡q e¨emv Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb, †m¸‡jv
wj‡L I‡q‡e mvP© w`b| b¨vkbvj-B›Uvib¨vkbvj me Kw¤úwUUi‡K †c‡q hv‡eb| Gici wj÷ †_‡KB †ei
Kiæb Kviv Avcbvi m‡½ GK`g wW‡i± cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡e? A_©vr wbDgv‡K©‡U †KD hw` w_ªwc‡mi †`vKvb
†`q, Zvi m‡½ wW‡i± cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡e IB gv‡K©‡Ui Av‡iK w_ªwcm we‡µZv| wKš‘ wW‡i± Kw¤úwUkb bv
Ki‡jI emyÜiv gv‡K©‡Ui w_ªwcm we‡µZvI GB weR‡b‡m Zvi Rb¨ Kw¤úwUUi! Gfv‡e wW‡i± cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i
K¨vUv‡MvivBRW Kiæb| Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki B-Kgvm© mvBU¸‡jv wfwRU Kiæb| †`Lyb Zviv Kxfv‡e Zv‡`i
†cÖvWv‡±i wWm‡cø K‡i‡Q, Kxfv‡e Zviv gv‡K©wUs Ki‡Q wKsev KZUzKz wWmKvD›U w`‡”Q! Gici GKUv
gRvi KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, Avcbvi cÖwZ‡hvMx B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui hw` B-†gBj mve¯ŒvBe A_ev wbDR‡jUvi
mve¯ŒvBe Kivi Ackb _v‡K †mUv mve¯ŒvBe K‡i †djyb| G‡Z Zv‡`i cÖ‡gvkb, gv‡K©wUs ÷ª¨v‡UwR,
wbZ¨bZzb Kx †cÖvWv± G‡jv Zv wb‡q Avcwb Avc‡WU _vK‡Z cvi‡eb|

B-Kgv‡m© AwfÁZv Ges wk¶v KZUzKz `iKvi

†Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB †h, D‡`¨v³vi e¨emv m¤ú‡K© c~e© AwfÁZv I e¨e¯’vcbvwelqK wk¶v e¨emvq mdj
n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| mvaviYZ GKwU B-Kgvm© weR‡b‡mi Rb¨ Kx Kx `¶Zv jv‡M! wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U ivBwUs,
WvUv A¨vbvjvBwmm, WvUv Kv‡jKkb, †Uw÷s, wWRvBb, †W‡fjc‡g›U (I‡qemvBU), B-Kgvm© gv‡K©wUs,
A¨vWfviUvBwRs cÖf…wZ| DwjøwLZ `¶Zv AR©‡b AwfÁZv Ges wk¶v KZUzKz ¸iæZ¡c~Y©! Avcwb wjL‡Z
cv‡ib fv‡jv! wKš‘ Avcbvi †jLv gv‡K©wUs ÷ª¨v‡UwR Kx d‡jv Ki‡Q wKsev Avcbvi †jLv c‡o Kv÷gvi Kx
cY¨ wKb‡Qb †mUv B-Kgvm© †`L‡e| †m‡¶‡Î Avcbvi fv‡jv wjL‡Z cviv‡K Avcwb hw` Pvb B-Kgv‡m©i
Kv‡R jvMv‡Z, Z‡e Avcbv‡K Aek¨B cÖ‡gvk‡bi fw½‡Z †jLv wkL‡Z n‡e! Avevi fv‡jvgv‡bi Rvg`vwb
kvwo †Kv_vq cvIqv hvq, †Kv_vq fv‡jv cvÄvwe ˆZwi nq GB welq¸‡jvi †LuvR Avcwb Rvb‡eb hLb Avcwb
AwfÁ n‡eb| ïay ZvB bq, c‡Y¨i ¸Yv¸Y wePvi Kiv, cY¨ mwVKfv‡e wkc‡g›U Kiv, Kv÷gv‡ii gvbwmKZv
†evSv GB¸‡jv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Avm‡e AwfÁZv †_‡K| ZvB B-Kgvm© e¨emv ZLbB mdj n‡Z cv‡i hLb
†mLv‡b wk¶v Ges AwfÁZvi mgš^q NU‡e|

cÖhyw³ m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e Ges aviYv Kv‡R jvMv‡Z n‡e
B-Kgvm© w`b‡k‡l Uª¨vwWkbvj weR‡b‡mi PvB‡Z Avjv`v, KviY GLv‡b cÖhyw³i e¨envi Av‡Q| GLv‡b cÖhyw³
Kv÷gvi Avi †mjvi‡K KvQvKvwQ Avb‡e| GLv‡b †cÖvWv± cQ›` †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wkc‡g›U ch©šÍ mewKQy‡ZB
i‡q‡Q cÖhyw³i e¨envi| Avcwb hw` B-Kgvm© weR‡bm Ki‡Z Pvb, Avcbv‡K cÖhyw³ m¤ú‡K© aviYv ivL‡Z
n‡e Ges Zv Kv‡R jvMv‡Z n‡e| I‡qemvBU ˆZwi, AbjvBb/wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs, †c‡g›U MÖnY GgbwK
†Wwjfvwimn cÖvq cÖwZwU av‡c i‡q‡Q B‡jKUªwbK gva¨g Z_v cÖhyw³i e¨envi| †Kvb I‡qemvB‡Ui wWRvBb
Avcbvi †cÖvWv‡±i mv‡_ hvq, Kx Kx AbjvBb †c‡g‡›Ui e¨e¯’v ivL‡eb Avcbvi B-Kgvm© mvB‡U, G¸‡jv
wba©viY Ki‡Z hw` Avcwb e¨_© nb Z‡e Avcbvi B-Kgvm© weR‡bm ¯^vfvweKfv‡e wcwQ‡q co‡e|

e¨emvq c×wZ Ges cÖhyw³i mv‡_ wbqwgZ Avc‡W‡UW _vKv

bwKqvi K_v g‡b Av‡Q? GKmgq †gvevBj cÖ¯‘ZKvix cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e kx‡l© Ae¯’vb wQj Gi| ïaygvÎ

38-c„ôv
bZzb Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi mv‡_ Zvj bv wgwj‡q Pjvi Kvi‡Y AvR bwKqvi evRvi c‡o †M‡Q| GB †h bZzb
c×wZ Avmv, bZzb e¨e¯’v Avmv Ges Zv‡K bv gvb‡Z PvIqvUv gv‡b hyM †_‡K K‡qK avc wcwQ‡q cov|
mgq †h‡nZz e`jvq, †m‡nZz e¨emv Ges cÖhyw³‡Z e`j Av‡mB| †mB Abyhvqx Avcbvi B-Kgvm© weR‡bm‡K
Avc‡W‡UW ivL‡ZB n‡e| g‡b ivL‡eb, GKB ai‡bi e¨emv cÖK…wZ memgq jvfRbK _v‡K bv| ZvB
¯^vfvweK wbqgvbyhvqx mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ e¨emvi MwZ-cÖK…wZ‡K e`jv‡Z n‡e|

†bv cwiKíbv, †bv e¨emv!

Avcwb ayg K‡i mKv‡j D‡V wPšÍv Ki‡jb, hvK Kvj †_‡KB GKUv AbjvBb †cR Ly‡j †ePv‡Kbv ïiæ Kwi!
Kx n‡e Zv‡Z? wKQyB n‡e bv| Avcbvi ¸‡”Qi wKQy UvKv bó n‡e Ges Avcbvi AbjvBb weR‡bm Kivi
ev‡ivUv evR‡e| †cÖvcvi cø¨vwbs Qvov Avcwb gv‡V †b‡g †M‡j Kx n‡e? Avcbv‡K †Zv e¨emvi Kv‡R nvZ
†`qvi c~‡e©B e¨emvi †Kvb KvRwU KLb n‡e, Kxfv‡e n‡e †mwU AwMÖg wPšÍv K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Avi GUv‡KB
e‡j cwiKíbv| cwiKíbv Qvov KL‡bv †Kv‡bv e¨emv nq bv| KviY e¨emvi †¶‡Î, e¨emv cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î
cwiKíbvB n‡jv w`K-wb‡`©kbv `wjj|

SzuwK †Zv Avm‡eB, †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡eb Kx K‡i

SzuwK †Zv e¨emv‡Z Avm‡eB| wKš‘ †mRb¨ cÖ¯‘Z _vKv n‡”Q eyw×gv‡bi KvR| AbjvBb weR‡b‡m Kx Kx
ai‡bi SzuwK n‡Z cv‡i Zv GKevi †R‡b wbb| Avcbvi B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU n¨vK n‡Z cv‡i, wkc‡g›U
Kivi Av‡MB †cÖvWv± c‡P †h‡Z cv‡i, wVK mg‡q †cÖvWv± bv †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i, AbjvB‡b cQ›` Kiv †cÖvWv±
Kv÷gvi‡K †`qvi ci Kv÷gv‡ii cQ›` bv n‡j wdwi‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib, Avcbvi Kb‡U›U Ab¨ †KD Pzwi K‡i
gnvb‡›` e¨emv Ki‡Z cv‡i, Avcbvi g~jab †kl n‡Z _v‡K wKš‘ e¨emvi cÖmvi †Kv‡bvg‡ZB e„w× bvI
†c‡Z cv‡i! G mewKQyB SzuwK! GKmgq nq‡Zv weR‡bm eÜ K‡i w`‡Z n‡Z cv‡i Avcbv‡K| Avi ZvB cø¨vb
Kivi mgq cø¨vb ÔGÕi cvkvcvwk cø¨vb ÔweÕ Avi ÔwmÕUvI ivLv PvB| Av‡Mi †_‡KB SzuwK¸‡jv Rvbv _vK‡j,
AcwiKwíZ eû ¶q¶wZ †_‡K Avcwb Avcbvi weR‡bm‡K euvPv‡Z cv‡ib| SzuwK _vK‡eB, wKš‘ SzuwK‡K KZ
†¯úvwU©swj Avcwb †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb †mwUB cÖgvY Ki‡e Avcwb KZ Ruv`‡ij e¨emvqx!

hw` ZviciI e¨_© n‡qB hvb

bZzb w`‡bi weR‡bm n‡”Q B-Kgvm©| †h‡Kv‡bv weR‡b‡m e¨_© nIqvi PvÝ _v‡K| B-Kgv‡m© †Zv Av‡QB|
wKš‘ e¨_© n‡j Avcwb Kx Ki‡eb? nZvk n‡q c‡o _vK‡eb? Aek¨B bv| cÖwZwU e¨_©Zv‡K Avcbv‡K wb‡Z
n‡e GK GKwU wUcm wn‡m‡e| †QvU‡ejvq †kLv K_vUv †K‡bv fz‡j hvb, ÒFailure is the piller of
successÓ| Avcbvi e¨_© nIqv gv‡bB Avcbvi mdjZvi w`‡K GKavc GwM‡q hvIqv| Z‡e †mB Rb¨
e¨_©Zv‡K kw³‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z n‡e| GKevi weR‡b‡m av°v †L‡j cybivq AviI kw³kvjx cø¨vb K‡i gv‡V
bvg‡Z n‡e| e¨_©Zv †_‡K Ny‡i whwb `uvov‡Z cv‡ib, wZwbB †Zv cÖK…Z weRqx|

B-Kgvm© e¨emvi †KŠkj

Uª¨vwWkbvj weR‡b‡mi mv‡_ cÖhyw³‡K hy³ K‡i G‡K GKwU B-Kgvm© weR‡bm evbv‡bv hvq| Uª¨vwWkbvj
weR‡b‡m whwb gv‡Qi AvoZ`vi wZwbI Zvi weR‡bm‡K B-Kgv‡m© wb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡ib| Gi Rb¨ `iKvi wKQy
cÖhyw³MZ myweav| †hgbÑ Zvi weR‡b‡mi Rb¨ `iKvi GKwU I‡qemvBU A_ev †gvevBj A¨vwcø‡Kkb| Zvi
I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g wewfbœ gvQ e¨emvqx †nvj †m‡j Zvi KvQ †_‡K cY¨ wKb‡Z cv‡ib| Gfv‡eB wZwb
Zvi Uª¨vwWkbvj e¨emv‡K B-Kgvm© evbv‡Z cv‡ib| G K_v †Zv Avgiv mevB Rvwb †h, cÖwZwU e¨emvi wbw`©ó

c„ôv- 39
 wKQy †KŠkj _v‡K| cÖ_vMZ e¨emvi Rb¨ †h †KŠkj AbymiY Kiv nq, B-Kgvm© weR‡b‡mi Rb¨ Avjv`v
ai‡bi †KŠkj AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|

Avcbv‡K Avcbvi †cÖvWv‡±i gv‡K©U eyS‡Z n‡e

A‡bK mgq cÖv_wgK wPšÍv I ch©‡e¶‡Y GKwU welq‡K Lye m¤¢vebvgq Ges jvfRbK g‡b n‡jI Avm‡j
welqwU †Zgb jvfRbK bvI n‡Z cv‡i| GB †hgb Avcwb fve‡Qb, gvbyl †L‡Z Lye fv‡jvev‡m| ZvB Avcwb
wewiqvwbi GKUv †`vKvb w`‡q w`‡jb| A_P Ggb RvqMvq wewiqvwbi †`vKvb w`‡jb †mLvbKvi gvbylRb
Gme wewiqvwb †L‡Z fv‡jvev‡m bv| eis †mLv‡b dv÷dz‡Wi Pvwn`v †ek| AvcvZ `„wó‡Z wewiqvwbi e¨emv
fxlY jvfRbK| wKš‘ G‡¶‡Î wKš‘ †mUv n‡”Q bv| ZvB Avcbv‡K gv‡K©U ey‡S AvUNvU †eu‡a e¨emvq bvg‡Z
n‡e| evRvi Pvwn`v, KvwiMwi w`K, A_©ˆbwZK w`K, evwYwR¨K w`K Ges RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z Ae`vb Gme
welq Avcbv‡K gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek, A_©‰bwZK cwi‡ek, ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek, mvs¯‹…
wZK cwi‡ek GB welq¸‡jv wKš‘ memgq D‡`¨v³v‡`i nv‡Z _v‡K bv| †hgb niZvj n‡j Avcwb †cÖvWv±
†Wwjfvwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| †m‡¶‡Î Kx Ki‡eb? GBme wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ cø¨vb K‡iB B-Kgvm© weR‡bm
ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e|

weR‡bm g‡Wj ˆZwi Kiv

Avcbv‡K Aek¨B GKwU weR‡bm g‡Wj ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Avcwb Kv‡`i Kv‡Q cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb
†mUv Avcbv‡K wVK Ki‡Z n‡e? Avcwb wK cvBKvwi bv LyPiv cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb? bvwK `ywUB Ki‡Z
Pv‡”Qb? bvwK Avcwb GKUv gv‡K©U †cøm ˆZwi Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb †hLv‡b me eª¨vÛ G‡m wb‡R‡`i cY¨ wewµ
Ki‡e? Avcwb wK cY¨ †÷vi Kivi Rb¨ GKUv RvqMv fvov Ki‡eb bvwK Avcbvi evmv‡ZB ivL‡eb? GBme
wKQy †f‡e Avcbv‡K weR‡bm g‡WjwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kvb †ckvi, eq‡mi wKsev A‡ji gvbyl Avcbvi
†µZv n‡eÑ †mUvI e¨emvq g‡W‡j AšÍfz©³ _vK‡e| Avcwb Kxfv‡e Zv‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠQ‡eb, cÖ_g av‡c
Avcbvi KZ cyuwR _vK‡e, Kxfv‡e Avq Ki‡eb Gme we¯ÍvwiZ welq wb‡q Avcbv‡K e¨emvq g‡Wj ˆZwi
Ki‡Z n‡e|

my›`i GKwU †Wv‡gBb bvg wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e

GKwU BDwbK bvg! Avcbvi B-Kgv‡m©i MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv e`‡j †`‡e| Z‡e GB bvg wVK Kivi Av‡M e¨emvi
aib, †cÖvWv±mg~n cÖf…wZ gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e| bvgwU †hb K¨vwP nq Ges mevi PvB‡Z Avjv`v nq †mB w`‡K
j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov Ab¨ e¨emvq e¨eüZ bvg B-Kgv‡m©i †Wv‡gBb wn‡m‡e Avcwb Avi cv‡eb bv|
ZvB bvg wVK Kivi Av‡M evievi I‡q‡e mvP© w`‡q †Wv‡gBb A¨v‡fB‡jej Av‡Q wK-bv †`‡L †b‡eb| bv‡gi
cvkvcvwk weR‡b‡mi Rb¨ GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡bi wVKvbvi cÖ‡qvRb| G‡Z e¨emvi f¨vwj‡Wkb e„w× cvq|
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U Avcwb PvB‡j D‡`¨v³v‡`i †cÖvdvB‡j cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †m‡¶‡Î Avcbvi mvBUwU
AviI †ewk wek¦vm‡hvM¨ n‡q I‡V|

AvBwb hZme cÖwµqv

AvB‡bi w`K †_‡K B-Kgvm© weR‡bm‡K ˆea Ki‡Z GKwU †UªW jvB‡mÝ, GKwU U¨v· AvB‡Ww›Uwd‡Kkb
bv¤^vi (wUAvBGb) jv‡M| hw` †hŠ_ gvwjKvbvq e¨emvwU nq, Z‡e Gm‡ei cvkvcvwk D‡`¨v³v‡`i g‡a¨ Pzw³
m¤úv`b I †Kv¤úvwb AvBb Abymv‡i †mwUi wbeÜbcÎ jv‡M| ZvQvov e¨emvi aib Abymv‡i wewfbœ wbqš¿K
ms¯’v KZ©…K Aby‡gv`b MÖnYI Ki‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| GB mewKQyB B-Kgvm© weR‡bm‡K wjMvjvB‡Rkb Kivi

40-c„ôv
cÖwµqv| GB AvBbx KvMRcÎ wVK bv _vK‡j †h‡Kv‡bv mgq Avcbvi e¨emv eÜ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| B-Kgvm©
e¨emv Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ wb‡Ri evm¯’vb wKsev fvovq Awdm‡K ¯’vb wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ fvovq
PvwjZ Awdm n‡j †mwUi Pzw³cÎ Aek¨B mwVKfv‡e ey‡S †b‡eb|

cÖhyw³MZ Dbœq‡b Kx Kx w`K j¶ ivL‡eb

B-Kgvm© weR‡bm Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ GKUv my›`i AvKl©Yxq Ges BDRvi †d«Ûwj I‡qemvBU †Zv evbv‡ZB n‡e|
ZvQvov GKwU †gvevBj A¨vwcø‡Kkb evbv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| I‡qemvBU ev ¯§vU©‡dvb A¨vwcø‡Kkb hvB †nvK
bv †K‡bv Kv÷gvi hv‡Z mn‡R cY¨mg~n †`L‡Z cv‡ib Ges wKb‡Z cv‡ib †mB e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| Gi
cvkvcvwkÑ

B-†gBj AvBwW
nu¨v, cÖwZwU B-Kgvm© weR‡b‡mi wbR¯^ GKwU B-†gBj AvBwW _vKv AZ¨vek¨K|

wewfbœ ai‡bi AbjvBb †c‡g‡›Ui e¨e¯’v

B›Uvib¨vkbvj †c‡g›U e¨e¯’v †hgb wfmv KvW©, Av‡gwiKvb G·‡cÖm, †cc¨vj cÖf…wZ QvovI †jvKvj †c‡g›U
e¨e¯’v †hb _v‡K| †hgb evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ weKvk, i‡KU, Gwe e¨vswKs cÖf…wZ| K¨vk Ab †Wwjfvwii
cvkvcvwk GZme †c‡g›U Ackb _vK‡j wewfbœ Kv÷gvi Zvi myweavg‡Zv †c‡g›U Ackb †e‡Q wb‡Z
cv‡ib| ïay †cÖdv‡iej †c‡g›U Ackb †bB e‡j Kv÷gvi hv‡Z cY¨ bv wK‡b P‡j hvb †mUv wb‡q Aek¨B
fvev DwPZ|

b~¨bZg wkwcs K÷
wkc‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ PvR© †hb GK`g Kg nq| G‡Z Kv÷gvi N‡i e‡m cY¨ wKb‡Z AviI AvMÖnx n‡q I‡Vb|

†h‡Kv‡bv wWfvB‡m Kg©m¶g

†Kej wcwm‡ZB bq, †gvevBj ev U¨v‡e †hb B-Kgvm© mvBUwU GKB iKg BDRvi †d«Ûwj _v‡K|

mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb

mvP© Bwćb wb‡R‡`i mvBUwU †hb cÖ_g w`‡K _v‡K †mRb¨ mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb Kiv AZxe Riæwi|

Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs
Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs wb‡q Av¯Í GKwU Aa¨vq †jLv n‡q‡Q| Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs Qvov B-Kgvm© m¤¢e bq| mvB‡U
eøM, AvwU©‡Kj, GdGwKD †i‡L mvBU‡K A‡bK †ewk mg„× K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e|

I‡qe A¨vbvwjwUKm
cÖwZw`b KZ †Kbv‡ePv nq, KZRb AwW‡qÝ Av‡mb mvB‡U, KZRb †µZv nb GB mewKQBy I‡qe
A¨vbvwjwUKm †_‡K eySv hv‡e| G‡Z Avcbvi e¨emv wb‡q M‡elYv Ki‡Z AviI myweav n‡e| Avcwb eyS‡Z
cvi‡eb †Kvb ai‡bi c‡Y¨i †µZv †ewk| †mB Abyhvqx cieZ©x cY¨ wbe©vPbI Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

c„ôv- 41
Kv÷gvi mv‡cvU©
Kv÷gvi Avcbvi cY¨ †Kbvi ci Zvi e¨enviwewa wb‡q wewfbœ cÖkœ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi mvB‡U hw` Ggb
†Kv‡bv mv‡cvU© wm‡÷g _v‡K hv Kv÷gv‡ii me cÖ‡kœi DËi †`‡e Z‡e Avcbvi mvB‡Ui cÖwZ Kv÷gv‡ii
fimv eû¸Y †e‡o hv‡e|

cY¨ ev †mev msMÖn

Avcwb hw` wb‡R g¨vbyd¨vKPvivi bv nb, Z‡e B-Kgvm© weR‡bm Ki‡Z PvB‡j Aek¨B Avcbv‡K Drcv`bKvix
cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ mshy³ n‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j c‡Y¨i †RvMvb memgq wbwðZ _v‡K| B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨
Av‡iv K‡qKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq i‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jv mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb GKKfv‡e Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †hgb
AbjvBb †c‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ wewfbœ †c‡g›U †MUI‡q †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z cv‡i A_ev wbivc` cwien‡bi
Rb¨ †Kv‡bv Kzwiqvi †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z cv‡i| hw` wWwRUvj cY¨/†mev n‡q _vK‡j †µZv †mwU mv‡_
mv‡_B †c‡q _v‡Kb| Z‡e hw` wWwRUvj †mev bv nq Zvn‡j A‡bK mgq †mev cÖ`v‡bi KvRwUI Avjv`v
cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g Kwi‡q wb‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡eB wewfbœ †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q Avcwb Avcbvi †mev
ev cY¨wU Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡ib|

wecYb †KŠkj wbe©vPb

wecYb †Zv weR‡bm cÖmv‡ii GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Aa¨vq| K_v‡ZB Av‡Q cÖPv‡iB cÖmvi| Avcwb B-Kgvm©
weR‡b‡mi wecYb `yBfv‡e Ki‡Z cv‡ib| AbjvBb Ges AdjvBb| AbjvBb gv‡K©wUs‡qi g‡a¨ Av‡Q
†dv‡b Kj w`‡q cY¨ m¤ú‡K© gvbyl‡K Rvbv‡bv, GmGgGm gv‡K©wUs, B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs, †mvk¨vj wgwWqv
gv‡K©wUs cÖf…wZ| AdjvBb gv‡K©wUs‡qi †¶‡Î Avcwb Avcbvi m„Rbkxj f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
†hgb †Kv‡bv K¨v‡¤úB‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †gjvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †Kv‡bv KbmvU© ev
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z cv‡ib, iv¯Ívq wewfbœ iKg w÷ªU cvidig¨vÝ Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb‡R‡`i cY¨‡K
cwiPq Kwi‡q †`qvi Rb¨| GB wecYb wb‡qI Avcbv‡K eû cø¨vb Ki‡Z n‡e, cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z n‡e| †mRb¨
†Kv‡bv gv‡K©wUs G‡RwÝi mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z cv‡ib A_ev wbR †Kv¤úvwb‡Z gv‡K©wUs‡qi †jvK wb‡qvM w`‡Z
cv‡ib|

42-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-8

weR‡bm g‡Wj Ges Kb‡mÞ

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgv‡m©i AvIZvq wewfbœ ai‡bi weR‡bm i‡q‡Q, †mB aib¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Ávbjvf Kiv|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

B-Kgvm© e¨emvi g‡Wj¸‡jv|
B-Kgvm© e¨emvi g‡Wj Ges Kb‡m‡Þi wewfbœ avc|

weR‡bm g‡Wj
cwiKíbv Qvov †Kv‡bv e¨emv nq bv| Avi e¨emvq g‡Wj n‡”Q e¨emvi †mB cwiKíbvi cÖ_g Ges cÖavb avc|
e¨emvq g‡Wj n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cwiKíbv †hLv‡b e¨emvi cÖwµqv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Kx K‡i cY¨ ev †mev †_‡K
A_© DcvR©b Kiv hv‡e wKsev cÖwZôvb‡K jvfRbK Kiv hv‡e GB mewKQyB AšÍf³©z _v‡K| wgkvBj jyBm bv‡gi
GKRb A_©bxwZwelqK cÖwZ‡e`‡Ki g‡Z, mnR fvlvq UvKv BbKvg Kivi Rb¨ †h g‡Wj cÖ¯Z ‘ Kiv nq †mwUB
e¨emvq g‡Wj| weR‡bm g‡Wj Qvov GKUv e¨emv fvevB hvq bv| GKRb wewb‡qvMKvix Kxfv‡e wewb‡qvM
Ki‡j e¨emvi cÖmvi evo‡e Zv †mB weR‡bm g‡Wj †`‡LB wba©viY K‡ib| wKš‘ GB K_vI mZ¨, cÖv_wgKfv‡e
ˆZwi Kiv weR‡bm g‡Wj ˆZwi nq wewfbœ nvB‡cv‡_wmm Ges Abygv‡bi wfwˇZ|

c„ôv- 43
 †h‡Kv‡bv cÖKvi weR‡bm g‡W‡ji `ywU cvU© _v‡K| cÖ_g cv‡U© weR‡bmwU Kxfv‡e ïiæ Kiv hvq Zvi we¯ÍvwiZ
AšÍfz©³ _v‡K| †hgbÑ †Kv_v †_‡K KuvPvgvj wKb‡eb, Kxfv‡e wRwbmcvwZ evbv‡eb, KZ UvKv cyuwR a‡i
ïiæ Ki‡eb BZ¨vw`| Avi wØZxq cv‡U© _v‡K Avcbvi ïiæ Kiv weR‡bm‡K Avcwb wewµ Ki‡eb Kx K‡i,
Kx K‡i cÖPvi Ki‡eb, Kx K‡i jvf Ki‡eb BZ¨vw`| B-Kgvm© GKwU MwZkxj e¨emvq| ZvB B-Kgv‡m©i
e¨emvq g‡Wj gvÎB fwel¨r B-Kgvm© †Kgb n‡e Ges Zvi Rb¨ Kx cÖ¯‘wZ `iKvi ZviB w`Kwb‡`©kbv †`q|
K‡qKwU B-Kgvm© weR‡bm g‡WjÑ
weUzwe - weR‡bm Uz weR‡bm,
weUzwm - weR‡bm Uz KbRy¨gvi,
wmUzwm - KbRy¨gvi Uz KbRy¨gvi,
wmUzwe - KbRy¨gvi Uz weR‡bm,
weUzwR - weR‡bm Uz Mfb©‡g›U|

weUzwe-weR‡bm Uz weR‡bm
weUzwe n‡”Q GKwU e¨emvi mv‡_ Av‡iKwU e¨emvi evwYwR¨K †jb‡`b ev wewbgq| GUv ZLbB nq hLb
e¨emvwU wVKVvKfv‡e Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv †mvwm©s g¨v‡Uwiqvj Lyu‡R| GB c×wZ‡Z GKRb we‡µZv Zvi cY¨
I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g cÖv_wgKfv‡e wewµ K‡ib GKRb †µZvi Kv‡Q| GB †µZvB cieZ©x‡Z we‡µZv
n‡q †mB cY¨ mivmwi wewµ K‡ib mvaviY †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q| welqUv wVK Ggb †h, GKRb e¨emvqx
Zvi e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ cY¨ †mvwm©s Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb| ZvB wZwb †Kv‡bv I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g GKRb cvBKvwi
we‡µZvi KvQ †_‡K wKQy cY¨ wKb‡jb Ges me‡k‡l †mB e¨emvqx mvaviY †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q †cÖvWv±wU wewµ
Ki‡jb| weUzwe g‡W‡ji me‡P‡q fv‡jv D`vniY n‡”Q Avwjevev WUKg|

weUzwm-weR‡bm Uz KbRy¨gvi
weUzwm weR‡bm g~jZ †µZvi mv‡_ mivmwi †jb‡`b cÖwµqv| †µZvB GB cY¨ ev †mevi GKgvÎ Uv‡M©U
AwW‡qÝ| gv‡b Avgiv B-Kgvm© ej‡Z Avm‡j hv eywS ZvB n‡”Q weUzwm g‡Wj| Avgiv wewfbœ mgq
†dmeyKwfwËK wewfbœ AbjvBb kc †_‡K kvwo ev cvÄvwe wKwb| GwUB weUzwm g‡Wj| gv‡b †Kv‡bv GKwU
e¨emvq cÖwZôvb Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q mivmwi cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Q| mvaviYZ B-Kgv‡m©i †¶‡Î weUzwm g‡W‡j
wewµi Rb¨ wewfbœ c‡Y¨i Qwe Ges Zv‡`i ˆewkó¨mn B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U †`Iqv _v‡K| GKRb †µZv
B‡”Q Ki‡jB I‡qemvBU †Nu‡U Zvi cQ‡›`i cY¨wU AbjvB‡b †`L‡Z cv‡ib Ges †Kbvi wm×všÍ wb‡Z
cv‡ib| I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡gB †µZv cY¨wU digv‡qk ev AW©vi K‡ib| digv‡q‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖwZôv‡bi
cY¨welqK `vwqZ¡iZ e¨w³i Kv‡Q GKwU B-†gBj hvq| wZwb †mB cY¨wU evqbvKvix ev †µZvi wVKvbvq
cvVvb Ges cY¨ g~j¨ ey‡S †bb| GQvov AbjvB‡b g~j¨ cwi‡kva c×wZ‡Z †µZv evqbv ev digv‡q‡ki mv‡_
mv‡_ cY¨g~j¨ w`‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib| GB e¨emvq g‡W‡j B-Kgvm© †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb mvaviY †µZvi Kv‡Q LyPiv
cY¨ wewµ K‡i| GB g‡W‡ji Ab¨Zg D`vniY n‡jv RbwcÖq B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb AvgvRb WUKg|

wmUzwm-KbRy¨gvi Uz KbRy¨gvi
GB e¨emvq g‡W‡j B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqvi gva¨‡g mvwf©m Uªvb‡RKkb nq KbRy¨gvi‡`i g‡a¨B| GwU g~jZ
cwiPvwjZ nq Z…Zxq c‡ÿi gva¨‡g| †µZv-we‡µZvi gva¨‡g Ab¨ GKwU c‡ÿi I‡qe cø¨vUd‡g©i gva¨‡g

44-c„ôv
GwU cwiPvwjZ nq| aiæb Avcbvi †Kv‡bv †gvevBj i‡q‡Q †hwU Avcbvi Avi jvM‡e bv A_ev Avcbvi Rb¨
AwZwi³ n‡”Q| Avcwb PvB‡j wmUzwm g‡W‡j GB †gvevBjwUB Av‡iKRb †µZvi Kv‡Q wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Kxfv‡e? Pjyb †R‡b wbB! wmUzwm c×wZ‡Z GKRb †µZv I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i e¨eüZ
A_ev Ae¨eüZ Mvwo, †gvUimvB‡Kj, †gvevBjmn ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b gvby‡li wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ wewµ
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ZvQvov evwo wewµ wKsev evwo fvov †`Iqvi Z_¨I I‡qemvB‡U cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
hv‡`i Gme cY¨ ev †mev `iKvi Zviv mivmwi we‡µZvi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i cY¨ ev †mevwU †c‡Z
cv‡ib| GLv‡b GKRb †µZvi cY¨ Av‡iKRb †µZv ev †fv³v wb‡”Qb| ZvB GB g‡W‡ji bvg KbRy¨gvi
Uz KbRy¨gvi (wmUzwm)| †h‡nZz B-Kgvm© mvB‡U †µZv Zv‡`i cY¨ wewµi weÁvcb cÖKvk Ki‡Qb, †m‡nZz
B-Kgvm© mvBUwU PvB‡j †µZvi KvQ †_‡K PvR© wb‡ZI cv‡i Avevi bvI wb‡Z cv‡i| welqUv m¤ú~Y© B-Kgvm©
cÖwZôv‡bi wbR¯^ wbqgKvbyb I bxwZgvjvi Ici wbf©i Ki‡Q| Avgv‡`i Avkcv‡k wmUzwm g‡W‡ji me‡P‡q
fv‡jv D`vniY n‡”Q weµq WUKg, Devi, cvVvImn wewfbœ ai‡bi ivBW †kqvwis mvwf©m| GLb Aek¨
weµq WUKg wmUzwmi g‡a¨ c‡o hvq|

wmUzwe-KbRy¨gvi Uz weR‡bm
MZvbyMwZK e¨emv‡qi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ G e¨emvq g‡WjwU| g~jZ µvDW †mvwm©s‡qi gva¨‡g †h e¨emvq¸‡jv
nq †m¸‡jvB wmUzwe| AmsL¨ †jvK Zvi †mev wb‡q e‡m _v‡Kb wewµi D‡Ï‡k¨| †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb ev
AM©vbvB‡Rkb G‡m Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K weR‡bm wK‡b †bq| †hgb wek¦‡miv is-tockphoto mvBUwUi K_vB
aiæb| GLv‡b wek¦‡miv d‡UvMÖvdviiv BDwbK Qwe Zz‡j GB I‡qemvB‡U wWm‡cø K‡ib| †Kv‡bv wgwWqv
ev weÁvcb wbg©vZviv hw` Zv‡`i Qwe e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvb, Z‡e GB mvBU †_‡K d‡UvMÖvdvi‡`i Qwe wK‡b
wb‡Z n‡e|

weUzwR-weR‡bm Uz Mfb©‡g›U
GB e¨emvq g‡W‡j miKvi GKwU I‡qemvBU ˆZwi K‡i iv‡L| GB I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡gB miKvi
†emiKvwi †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ e¨emv-evwYR¨ ev Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i| aiæb miKvi †Kv‡bv KvR
Ab¨ cÖwZôvb‡K w`‡q Kiv‡Z Pv‡”Q| †m‡¶‡Î miKvi GB I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g Av‡e`bcÎ PvB‡e Ges
wewfbœ cÖwZôvb G‡m Zv‡`i cÖ¯Ívebv Rgv †`‡e I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡gB| G‡ÿ‡Î evQvB Kivi gva¨‡g miKvi
GKwU cÖwZôvb‡K KvR †`‡e| Gfv‡eB weUzwR g‡Wj KvR K‡i| weUzwR †evSvi Rb¨ me‡P‡q fv‡jv D`vniY
n‡”Q AbjvBb †UÛvi|

wRUzwe-Mfb©‡g›U Uz weR‡bm
wRUzwe g‡W‡j miKvi GKwU I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g wewfbœ e¨emvwqK cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ KvR K‡i Ges wbjv‡gi
gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i †mev ev wewfbœ †cÖvWv± wewµ K‡i _v‡K|

wRUzwm-Mfb©‡g›U Uz wmwU‡Rb
wRUzwm g‡W‡ji cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q †`‡ki mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q miKvwi †mev Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ †cuŠ‡Q
†`Iqv| GB g‡WjwU miKvi †`‡ki mvaviY bvMwiK‡`i Rb¨ e¨envi K‡i| wmwU‡Rb hLb mivmwi miKv‡ii
mv‡_ Uªvb‡RKkb m¤úbœ K‡i ZLb Zv‡K wRUzwm e‡j| GB g‡W‡ji gva¨‡gB GKRb bvMwiK miKv‡ii
I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g wbR¯^ hvbevnb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZi wbeÜbmn wewfbœ †mev MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb|

c„ôv- 45
GQvov GB †mevi AvIZvq I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g Rb¥wbeÜb, weevn ev g„Zz¨i mvwU©wd‡KU †iwR‡÷ªk‡bi
g‡Zv wewfbœ †mevI GKRb bvMwiK †c‡q _v‡Kb|

Kb‡mÞ
GKUv †cÖvWv±‡K Kxfv‡e Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q gv‡K©wUs Kie Ges Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`e †mUv wb‡q hZ
aviYv, Zv-B g~jZ weR‡bm Kb‡mÞ| Uª¨vwWkbvj weR‡bm Kb‡m‡Þi PvB‡Z B-Kgvm© weR‡bm Kb‡mÞ
wKQyUv n‡jI Avjv`v| B-Kgvm© e¨emv ïiæ Kivi ci GKwU cÖwZôvb‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi KvR m¤úv`b K‡i
cÖwZôv †c‡Z nq| cY¨ msMÖn †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cY¨ msi¶Y Kivi Rb¨ dzjwdj‡g‡›Ui e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z nq|
Kv÷gvi †Kqv‡ii e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z nq hv‡Z K‡i †µZv‡`i †Kv‡bv wRÁvmv _vK‡j †mB e¨vcv‡i Zviv †mev
†c‡Z cv‡ib| Gi cvkvcvwk wewfbœ †c‡g›U Ackb ivLv, m„RbkxjZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q cÖPvi-cÖPviYv Kiv
cÖf…wZ GKRb B-Kgvm© e¨emvqx‡K Ki‡Z n‡eB| Avevi cY¨ †µZvi Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e †cuŠQv‡e †mB cY¨
†Wwjfvwi wb‡qI Zv‡K KvR Ki‡Z nq| Zvi gv‡b B-Kgvm© weR‡bm †Kej cY¨ msMÖn K‡i evRv‡i mvwR‡q
ivL‡jB †kl n‡q hvq bv| MÖvn‡Ki m‡e©v”P mš‘wó weavb KivB GLv‡b g~j j¶¨| B-Kgv‡m©i hZ ˆewPΨgq
KvR wb‡q GLv‡b Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

c~Y©v½Zv
GKwU cY¨ w`‡q B-Kgvm© mvBU Pj‡e bv| aiæb hw` ïay mywZi kvwo w`‡qB GKwU B-Kgvm© weR‡bm Kiv
n‡”Q, Z‡e †mLv‡bI GKvwaK wWRvB‡bi GKvwaK i‡Oi kvwo _vK‡Z n‡e| Avi hLbB Avcwb Avcbvi
e¨emvq GKvwaK cY¨ ivL‡Z Pvb, Avcbv‡K †PvL eÜ K‡i †mvwm©s‡q †b‡g †h‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K
Avcbv‡K cY¨ msMÖn K‡i Avb‡Z n‡e| cY¨ msMÖn Kivi ciciB Avcwb wewµ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv! Avcbv‡K
Kb‡U›U ev cÖ‡qvRbxq weeiY ev eY©bvmn I‡qemvB‡U c‡Y¨i Qwe cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e| †mB Qwe Avi Kb‡U›U
†`‡L †KD hw` cQ›` K‡ib, Z‡eB bv Avcbvi cY¨wU wewµ n‡e! Zvn‡j hZw`b wewµ n‡e bv ZZw`b
†Kv_vq _vK‡e cY¨? Lye †mvRv! Avcbvi cY¨wU hZw`b wewµ n‡e bv ZZw`b ch©šÍ Iq¨vinvD‡R ivLv
n‡e| Avi GB Iq¨vinvDR †_‡KB cY¨ my›`ifv‡e c¨v‡KwRs K‡i †µZvi Kv‡Q †Wwjfvwi Kiv n‡e| GB
Iq¨vinvDR †hgb †Kv‡bv fvov Kiv evwo n‡Z cv‡i| †Zgwb n‡Z cv‡i Avcbvi wb‡Ri evwoI| gv‡b Avcwb
†h RvqMvq cY¨ msi¶Y Ki‡eb Zv‡KB Iq¨vinvDR ejwQ| GB †h †µZvi Kv‡Q cY¨ hvIqvi Av‡M cY¨
c¨v‡KwRs I msi¶Y Kiv Ges cY¨‡K AvKl©Yxqfv‡e †µZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv nq, GB Kvh©µg‡KB c~Y©Zv
†`qv e‡j| ZvB ejv n‡q _v‡K B-Kgv‡m© me KvR dzjwdj‡g›U Iq¨vinvDR †_‡KB m¤úbœ nq|

weÁvcb
weÁvcb Qvov GB hy‡M wK e¨emv Pj‡Z cv‡i? cÖPvi bv Ki‡j cÖmvi Avm‡e Kx K‡i? Avi ZvB weÁvc‡bi
gva¨‡gB B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi e¨emv cÖmvi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges m‡e©v”P msL¨K †µZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †h‡Z n‡e|
AbjvBb Ges AdjvBb weÁvcb c‡Y¨i cÖPviYv GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ A‡bK eo f‚wgKv iv‡L|
GKwU B-Kgvm© weR‡bm‡K wbZ¨bZzb weÁvcb †`qvi gva¨‡gB wbqwgZ †µZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z n‡e| GB
weÁvc‡b DwjøwLZ _vK‡e bZzb c‡Y¨i LeivLei, wWmKvD›U cÖvBR, c‡Y¨i Abb¨ w`K ev e¨envi cÖf…wZ|
B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb wbqwgZ †dmeyK, eøM, wewfbœ RbwcÖq mvB‡U mgq my‡hvM K‡i †µZv‡K AvK…ó Ki‡Z
weÁvcb w`‡Z cv‡i| GQvov †µZvi Kv‡Q AviI mn‡R †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ wbR¯^ eøwMs Ges A¨vwdwj‡qU
†cÖvMÖvg Pvjv‡Z cv‡i|

46-c„ôv
digv‡qk I g~j¨ cwi‡kva cÖwµqvKiY
AbjvBb †_‡K †Kv‡bv cY¨ cQ›` I evQvB Kivi ci †µZv‡K †mB cY¨wU B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui gva¨‡g
digv‡qk ev AW©vi w`‡Z nq| G mgqB c‡Y¨i g~j¨ cwi‡kva evQvB Ki‡Z nq| †µZv AbjvBb KvW© wKsev
†gvevBj K¨v‡ki gva¨‡g g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cv‡ib| A‡bK B-Kgvm© mvB‡U KvQvKvwQ GjvKvi gvby‡li
Rb¨ K¨vk Ab †Wwjfvwii e¨e¯’v ivLv nq| AW©vi I g~j¨ cwi‡kva cÖwµqv m¤úbœ n‡jB B-Kgvm© mvBwU cY¨
mieiv‡ni Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|

cY¨ cvVv‡bv I †diZ MÖnY

B-Kgvm© mvB‡U MÖvnK‡K I‡qemvB‡Ui Qwe †`‡L Z_v fvPz©qvwj cY¨ cQ›` Ki‡Z nq| GLv‡b cY¨ a‡i
†`Lvi my‡hvM †bB| Avi ZvB †µZvi Kv‡Q Zvi digv‡qk Abyhvqx cQ‡›`i cY¨ cvVv‡bv †µZvi Kv‡Q g‡b
n‡Z cv‡i †h Zvi cQ›` Kiv cY¨ GwU bq, Avi ZLb cY¨ †diZ Avm‡Z cv‡i| GB wel‡q †µZv Zvi UvKv
†diZ PvB‡Z cv‡ib| GB SzuwKi K_v gv_vq †i‡LB mvB‡U g~j¨ †diZ cwjwmi welqwU D‡jøL Kiv DwPZ|
cY¨ †diZ cvVv‡bvi ci cÖwZôvb Kxfv‡e Ab¨ cY¨ ev UvKv w`‡q †µZv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv c~‡e©B
I‡qemvB‡U D‡jøL _vKv Riæwi|

Kv÷gvi †Kqvi
cY¨ †Kbvi Av‡M I c‡i †µZvi A‡bK wel‡qB cÖkœ _vK‡Z cv‡i| †Kbvi Av‡M cY¨ †cuŠQv‡bv c×wZ, g~j¨
cwi‡kva cÖwµqv, c‡Y¨i ¸Yv¸Y BZ¨vw` wel‡q Rvbvi _v‡K| Avi cY¨ †Kbvi ci wewfbœ Awf‡hvM, cY¨
e¨envi Ki‡Z mgm¨v cÖf…wZ wel‡q Aby‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖwZwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi ZvB Kv÷gvi †Kqvi
_vKv LyeB Riæwi| GB Kv÷gvi †Kqvi †µZvi cÖkœ I Awf‡hv‡Mi DËi †`q| Gi gva¨‡g †µZv‡K †mev
†`qvi †¶‡Î cÖwZôvb m‡PZb nq| ZvQvov GKRb †fv³v wb‡Ri gZvgZ Rvbv‡Z m¶g nb| G‡Z K‡i
†µZv Ges B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvbwUi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKUv gva¨g ˆZwi nq| cieZ©x e¨emvq Pvwj‡q †bqvi
Rb¨ GB †hvMv‡hvM LyeB `iKvi| Avcbvi B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvbwU hZ fv‡jvfv‡e Kv÷gvi mv‡cvU© †`‡e,
ZZ Avcbvi cÖwZôv‡bi Ici †fv³vi Av¯’v †e‡o hv‡e| Avi Gfv‡eB B-Kgvm© weR‡b‡m wKQy GKwbô I
wbqwgZ †µZv ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i| G‡`i‡K AÜ †fv³vI ejv n‡q _v‡K|

c„ôv- 47
 Aa¨vq-9

B-e¨emvi Rb¨ AM©vbvB‡Rkb KvVv‡gv Ges

e¨e¯’vcbv
cÖwZwU AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi Rb¨ GKwU KvVv‡gvi cÖ‡qvRb| AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi wewfbœ cÖKvi KvRKg© _v‡K| †K
†Kvb KvR Ki‡e Ges Zviv Kxfv‡e ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Ggb GKwU WvqvMÖÖvg‡K g~jZ AM©vbvB‡Rkb
KvVv‡gv A_©vr weR‡bm AM©v‡bvMÖvg e‡j| cÖPwjZ e¨emvq GB KvVv‡gv wZb UvB‡ci n‡q _v‡KÑ

nvqvwK© (Hierarchical Organogram)

g¨vwUª· (Matrix Management)
d¬¨vU A_ev nwiR›Uvj (Flat or Horizontal Organization)

nvqvwK©
†Kv‡bv AM©vbvB‡Rk‡b nvqvwK© KvVv‡gv _vKv gv‡b GKRb e¨w³ cy‡iv AM©vbvB‡Rkb‡K wbqš¿Y K‡ib|
Zvi Aax‡b me Kg©Pvix _vK‡eb| Z‡e me Kg©Pvix Avevi wKQy fv‡M wef³ _vK‡eb| cÖwZwU wWcvU©‡g‡›U
GKRb K‡i †nW _vK‡eb Ges Zvi Aax‡b mve-AwW©‡bU wn‡m‡e _vK‡eb wbw`©ó msL¨K ÷vd| A_©vr cÖwZwU
wWcvU©‡g›U GK GKwU nvqvwK© KvVv‡gv ˆZwi Ki‡e| cÖwZwU KvVv‡gv‡Z wZb cÖKv‡ii g¨v‡bR‡g›U _v‡K| Uc
†j‡fj, wgW †j‡fj Ges dv÷© †j‡fj| nvqvwK© KvVv‡gvi GKwU Qwe †`Iqv n‡jvÑ

48-c„ôv
g¨vwUª·
†Kv‡bv AM©vbvB‡Rk‡b g¨vwUª· KvVv‡gv _vKv gv‡b †mLv‡b wi‡cvwU©s `yB ch©v‡q Ki‡Z nq| A_©vr Ggcøwq‡`i
ˆØZ wi‡cvwU©s wi‡jkbwkc †g‡b Pj‡Z nq| mvaviYZ dvskb g¨v‡bRvi Ges †cÖvWv± g¨v‡bRv‡ii Kv‡Q
wi‡cvU© Ki‡Z nq| g~jZ µm dvskbvj Kv‡R GB ai‡bi g¨v‡bR‡g›U _v‡K|
µm dvskbvj Kv‡Ri aibwU n‡”Q GgbÑ a‡ib †KD A¨vW G‡Rw݇Z `xN©w`b a‡i weÁvcb evwb‡q‡Qb|
cvkvcvwk wZwb weÁvcb Avbvi Rb¨I KvR K‡ib| GwU‡K µm dvskbvj KvR e‡j| Gme †¶‡Î IB
e¨w³ gv‡K©wUs cø¨vb Kivi Rb¨ GKB mv‡_ †UKwbK¨vj wU‡gi mv‡_ Ges †mjm wU‡gi mv‡_ K_v ej‡eb|
†UKwbK¨vj wUg Ges †mjm wUg cy‡ivcywi `ywU wfbœ wUg| wKš‘ Zv‡`i Qvov gv‡K©wUs cø¨vb m¤¢e bq| ZvB
GB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ GKwU g¨vwUª· dg© ˆZwi n‡e †hLv‡b gv‡K©wUs Awdmvi `yB wU‡gi Kv‡Q Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wi‡cvU©
Ki‡Z eva¨ _vK‡eb| GwUB g~jZ g¨vwUª· dg©| GLv‡b †KD Kv‡iv Aax‡b bq eis ci¯úi ci¯ú‡ii
wbf©ikxj| Qwei mvnv‡h¨ g¨vwUª· g¨v‡bR‡g›U †evSv‡bv n‡jvÑ

d¬¨vU A_ev nwiR›Uvj

GB ai‡bi KvVv‡gv‡Z Gw·wKDwUf ewW Z_v AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi †nW ch©v‡qi e¨w³‡`i mv‡_ Ggcøwq‡`i
mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM _v‡K| gv‡S †Kv‡bv wgW †j‡fj g¨v‡bR‡g›U _vK‡e bv ev _vK‡jI GKR‡bi †ewk
†Kv‡bv e¨w³ _vK‡e bv| d¬¨vU KvVv‡gvi GKwU Qwe †`qv n‡jvÑ

Avcbvi B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwbi weR‡bm KvVv‡gv †Kgb n‡e?

A‡bK B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwb cÖPwjZ †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jvi g‡Zv K‡i Zv‡`i wUg MVb K‡i| wKš‘ weR‡bm †MÖv_,
eª¨vwÛs, gv‡K©wUs G¸‡jv Avm‡j e¨emvi †¶‡Î cyi‡bv A¨v‡cÖvP| B-Kgvm© weR‡bm wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUswbf©i
e¨emv| ZvB GLv‡b wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs, I‡qemvBU †gBb‡Ub Kiv cÖf…wZB g~j KvR| Gme Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Lye
eo wUg bv n‡jI P‡j| eis ¸wUK‡qK †hvM¨ e¨w³ cy‡iv GKwU B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i|

B-Kgvm© e¨emvi †n‡Wi Kx Kx ¸Y _vK‡Z n‡e?

Avcbvi B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ Avcwb hw` †Kv‡bv B-Kgvm© wW‡i±i A_ev wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs g¨v‡bRvi‡K
wb‡qvM w`‡Z Pvb Z‡e Zvi Aek¨B wb‡gœv³ ¸Y¸‡jv _vK‡Z n‡eÑ
B-Kgv‡m©i GKwU BDwbU wb‡q Lye fv‡jv AwfÁZv _vK‡Z n‡e| n‡Z cv‡i †mwU wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs
wKsev I‡qemvBU g¨v‡bR‡g›U cÖf…wZ|
†Kv¤úvwb g¨v‡bR‡g‡›U KvR Kivi `¶Zv _vK‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi AvK…wZ A_ev Avcbvi wWwRUvj P¨v‡b‡ji cÖmvi Abyhvqx AwfÁZvm¤úbœ †Kv‡bv
e¨w³‡KB GB c‡` wb‡Z n‡e| a‡ib Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwb †QvU, GLbI B-Kgvm© e¨emv †Zgb cÖmvi K‡iwb|
†m‡¶‡Î Avcbvi B-Kgvm© e¨emvi †nW wn‡m‡e Ggb e¨w³‡K wb‡Z cv‡ib hvi lower level management-G
KvR Kivi AwfÁZv Av‡Q Ges cvkvcvwk wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡q UzKUvK AwfÁZv Av‡Q| Gi cvkvcvwk whwb
B-Kgvm© e¨emvi †mjm Ges gv‡K©wUs‡qi ˆ`wbK wi‡cvU© MÖn‡Yi ¶gZv iv‡Lb| A_ev Ggb GKRb e¨w³‡K
wb‡Z cv‡ib whwb GKB mv‡_ wWwRUvj P¨v‡bj n¨v‡Ûj Kivi cvkvcvwk dvBb¨vÝ ev AvBwU‡ZI AwfÁ|
me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq Ggb GKRb e¨w³‡K hw` Ly‡u R cvb whwb wewfbœfv‡e MZ 15 †_‡K 20 eQi a‡i B-Kgvm©
BÛvw÷ª‡Z i‡q‡Qb| Z‡e Ggb e¨w³ Lye mn‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv| †h‡nZz B-Kgvm© GKwU bZzb w`‡bi Kb‡mÞ|

c„ôv- 49
 B-Kgvm© wUg MV‡bi wZbwU Ackb i‡q‡Q| GB wZbwU Ackb †_‡K Avcwb †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Ackb †e‡Q
wb‡Z cv‡ib|

B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wKQy KvR †e‡Q †mB Abyhvqx Kg©x †bqv
GRb¨ cÖ_‡gB Avcbvi B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡Ri GKwU g¨vc ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

gv‡K©wUs
GB Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ _vK‡e gv‡K©U wimvP© Kiv Ges cY¨ cÖ‡gvkb Kiv|

WvUv
KZUzKz cY¨ ˆZwi n‡”Q †mB WvUv ivLv, cvkvcvwk cY¨ weZi‡Yi wi‡cvU© ivLv| †hgbÑ †K cY¨ wb‡”Qb,
†Kvb GjvKvq †ewk wewµ ev †Wwjfvwi n‡”Q cÖf…wZ|

wµ‡qwUf
wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi Rb¨ wfwWI ev MÖvwd· evbv‡bv|

Kb‡U›U
wewfbœ †cÖvWv‡±i wiwfD †jLv, eøM †gBb‡Ub Kiv, mevB‡K B-†gBj cvVv‡bv Ges Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs Kiv|

†mvk¨vj wgwWqv
gv‡K©wUs ev Kb‡U›U wµ‡qkb Kv‡R hviv hy³ ZvivB Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e Avjv`vfv‡e KvD‡K ivLv †h‡Z
cv‡i| `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q wewfbœ †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi †cR †gBb‡Ub Kiv, Kv÷gv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úK© ivLv cÖf…wZ| GLb
†h‡nZz µm dvskbvj Kv‡Ri hyM Pj‡Q, ZvB cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Avjv`v we‡klÁ †bqvUv LyeB AcÖPwjZ
n‡q c‡o‡Q| GKvwaK Kv‡R cvi`k©x Ggb e¨w³‡K wb‡q wUg MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| †mRb¨ Avcwb PvB‡j
K¤^vBÛ †iv‡ji †Kv‡bv c` ˆZwi K‡i GK ev `yRb‡K w`‡q GB me¸‡jv KvR Kiv‡Z cvi‡eb|

GKwU †jdU †eªBb Ges GKwU ivBU †eªBb fvov †bqv

†jdU †eªBb ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡”Q, †h e¨w³i †eªB‡bi evg Ask fxlY mPj| GBme e¨w³i we‡kølY
¶gZv fxlY cÖLi nq| Zviv hyw³ w`‡q KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges GKvwaK WvUv wimvP© Kivi ¶gZv iv‡Lb|
Ab¨w`‡K ivBU †eªBb ej‡Z eywS Ggb e¨w³‡K hvi †eªB‡bi Wvb Ask mPj| GBme e¨w³ fxlY m„Rbkxj
n‡q _v‡Kb| Zviv fxlY wPšÍv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
GB `yRb e¨w³‡K wb‡qB Avcwb Avcbvi B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ªi KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †K‡bv GB `yRb e¨w³
†bqv cÖ‡qvRb? GKUz eywS‡q ewj| Avcbvi B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ªi Rb¨ GmBI ev mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb
`iKvi| Gi Rb¨ †hgb WvUv `iKvi †Zgwb Avcbvi I‡qemvBU mvP© Bwćbi Dc‡ii w`‡K ivLvi Rb¨ fv‡jv
Kb‡U›U ˆZwi KivI cÖ‡qvRb| Avcbvi wb‡qvMK…Z †jdU †eªBb WvUv wimvP© K‡i Avcbvi I‡qemvB‡Ui
UªvwdK evov‡Z cvi‡e| wKš‘ †mB WvUv wimv‡P©i Rb¨ Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡e ivBU †eªBb| ivBU †eªBb `k©‡Ki
Kv‡Q Avcbvi weR‡bm‡K cwiwPZ Ki‡Z cvi‡jI `k©K Avbvi KvRwU †jdU †eªBb‡KB Ki‡Z n‡e|

50-c„ôv
GB `ywU †eªBb wbgœwjwLZ KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eÑ
mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb Ges wimvP©|
mvB‡U gv‡K©wUs Kiv|
B-Kgvm© weR‡b‡mi cwiwPwZ M‡o †Zvjv|
mnR c×wZ‡Z AW©vi wm‡÷g Ges †Wwjfvwi g¨v‡bR‡g›U M‡o †Zvjv|
A¨vbvwjwUK¨vj wiwfD ˆZwi Kiv|
GB `yB †eªBb‡K wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ ev Kv‡R hy³ Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi GKRb †cÖvcvi g¨v‡bRv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb|
Zvi KvR n‡e ÷ª¨vwUwRK¨vj cø¨vb Kiv, ev‡RU ˆZwi Kiv, †cÖvWv± evQvB Kiv, cY¨ ˆZwi ev †mvm© Kiv †_‡K
Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv ch©šÍ me e¨e¯’vcbv †`Lv‡kvbv Kiv Ges m‡e©vcwi †jdU †eªBb I ivBU †eªBb
†_‡K KvR Av`vq K‡i †bqv| Gfv‡eI Avcwb Avcbvi B-Kgvm© e¨emvi wUg MVb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

wdj Bb `¨ M¨vc
GB wbq‡g Avcbvi weR‡b‡mi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB GKRb wjWvi `iKvi| GB wjWvi‡K w`‡qB B-Kgvm© e¨emvi
AwaKvsk KvR m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| wjWvi wn‡m‡e Avcbv‡K Ggb GKRb e¨w³‡K Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z
n‡e whwb GKB mv‡_ GB BÛvw÷ª‡Z fxlY AwfÁ, Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mwVK cø¨vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges cvkvcvwk
KvD‡K †gvwU‡fU K‡i KvR Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| wdj Bb `¨ M¨vc cÖwµqvwU GgbÑ wjWvi †hLv‡b KvR
Ki‡Z AvU‡K hv‡eb †mLv‡b AwfÁ KvD‡K hy³ Ki‡eb| A_©vr †mLv‡b †h M¨vc nq Zv wdjAvc Ki‡eb|
Gi cvkvcvwk wKQy _vW© cvwU© wU‡gi mv‡_ hy³ nIqv| A_©vr wewfbœ KvR _vW© cvwU©i gva¨‡g Kiv| †hgbÑ
dvBb¨vÝ Ges ev‡RU, WvUv Gw›Uªi KvR, AvBwUi KvR, KbmvjU¨v‡›Ui KvR, gv‡K©wUs‡qi KvR cÖf…wZ Avcwb
†Kv‡bv _vW© cvwU©‡K w`‡q m¤úbœ Kiv‡Z cvi‡eb| Gfv‡eI Avcwb B-Kgvm© wUg MVb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

B-Kgvm© cY¨ e¨e¯’vcbv

wZb ai‡bi cY¨ e¨e¯’vcbv i‡q‡Q B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨Ñ
cÖ_gZ Avcwb †Kv‡bv †cÖvWv± evbv‡Z cv‡ib bv| †cÖvWv± Avcwb wewfbœ RvqMv †_‡K †mvm© K‡i
wb‡R‡`i ÷K ˆZwi K‡ib| Zvici B-Kgv‡m©i gva¨‡g †m¸‡jv wewµ Ki‡jb|
Wªc wkwcs †g_W n‡”Q, Avcwb †Kv‡bv †cÖvWv± ÷K Ki‡eb bv| Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi †cÖvWv± Avcbvi
B-Kgvm© mvB‡U †`Lv‡jb| †KD †cÖvWv± wKb‡Z PvB‡j Avcwb †mB †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K †cÖvWv± G‡b Zv‡`i
c¨v‡KwRs mwi‡q wb‡R‡`i †Kv¤úvwbi c¨v‡KwRs ewm‡q Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q †Wwjfvi Ki‡jb|
†nvj‡mjv‡ii Kv‡Q †nvj‡m‡j cY¨ wK‡b cÖPwjZ e¨emvi g‡ZvB Avcbvi B-Kgvm© kcwU mvwR‡q
AbjvB‡b cY¨ wewµ Ki‡eb|
†mvwm©s‡qi †¶‡Î Avcwb †hgb †jvKvj wi‡UBjv‡ii KvQ †_‡K cY¨ wKb‡Z cv‡ib †Zgwb g¨vbyd¨vKPviv‡ii
KvQ †_‡KI cY¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Wªc wkwcs †g_W B-Kgv‡m©i Rb¨ A‡c¶vK…Z †mvRv cÖwµqv| Avcbv‡K †Kv‡bv ai‡bi †cÖvWv± GLv‡b ÷K
Ki‡Z n‡e bv| †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Bb‡f÷‡g‡›Ui SzuwK QvovB GLv‡b Avcwb e¨emv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e SzuwKUv
n‡”Q, Avcwb †h‡nZz c‡Y¨i Rb¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi Dci wbf©ikxj, †m‡nZz Zviv hw` †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y c‡Y¨i
`vg evwo‡q †`q Zvn‡j Avcwb ¶wZi gy‡L co‡eb| ZvQvov cÖwZw`b B-Kgv‡m© Wªc wkcv‡ii msL¨v evo‡Q|
†m‡nZz cyiv‡bv A‡bK Wªc wkcv‡ii e¨emv †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡”Q|

c„ôv- 51
B-Kgvm© Kvh©µg e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ †h 5wU wRwbm †g‡b Pjv Lye `iKvi
cÖwZwU †cÖvWv‡±i GKwU jvBd mvB‡Kj Av‡Q| ZvB †cÖvWv± ÷K Ges wkwcs‡qi ga¨eZ©x mgq wba©viY Kiv
Riæwi| †mB mg‡qi g‡a¨ †cÖvWv± wewµ bv n‡j †mB †cÖvWv± Kxfv‡e wewµ Ki‡Z n‡e (Advi w`‡q ev
wd«‡Z w`‡q) †mB wb‡qI wPšÍv Ki‡Z n‡e| gv‡K©U wWgvÛ eyS‡Z n‡e| †Kvb mg‡q †Kvb †cÖvWv‡±i cÖwZ
gvby‡li †Kgb wWgvÛ _v‡K Zv eyS‡Z cvivUv B-Kgvm© e¨e¯’vcbvi g‡a¨B c‡o| fwel¨r mg‡qi Rb¨ cø¨vb
Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kvb †cÖvWv± KLb wewµ Kiv n‡e, †Kvb ai‡bi Kv÷gvi Avm‡Z cv‡ib, G¸‡jv Av‡Mfv‡M
wPšÍv K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZwU cY¨ wewµi ci Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q wdWe¨vK wb‡Z n‡e| wVKg‡Zv Kv÷gvi mvwf©m cv‡”Qb wK-bv Zv
Avc‡WU ivL‡Z n‡e| cY¨ wewµi Rb¨ Kv÷gvi mv‡cvU© cvi‡d± n‡”Q wK-bv †mw`‡K j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e|
Forward and backward linkages wVKg‡Zv †gBb‡Ub Ki‡Z n‡e| B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ªi Rb¨ Forward
linkage n‡”Q Kv÷gvi Ges backward linkage n‡”Q g¨vbyd¨vKPvi, wi‡UBjvi, †nvj‡mjvi Ges
†Wwjfvwi wm‡÷g| GB `yB c¶‡K e¨v‡jÝ K‡i KvR Av`vq Kivi ¶gZv _vK‡Z n‡e|

52-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-10

e¨emvi cø¨vwbs Ges j¶¨ wba©viY

†Kv‡bv bZzb B-Kgvm© cÖ‡R± A_ev K¨v‡¤úBb ïiæ Kivi Av‡M Avcbv‡K ÷ª¨v‡UwRK¨vwj ev †KŠkjMZfv‡e
GKwU j¶¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv Aek¨B n‡Z n‡e ev¯Íem¤§Z| B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ªi GKRb ÷ª¨v‡UwRK¨vj
cø¨vbvi Awjfvi †jm B-Kgvm© weR‡b‡m mdjZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ 5wU †KŠkj AbymiY Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb| g~jZ
Avcbvi B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ GB 5wU †KŠkj Avcbv‡K j¶¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
Avcbvi cÖ‡R‡±i GKwU cwi®‹vi D‡Ïk¨ Lyu‡R †ei Kiæb
Kx D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q Avcwb e¨emvwU ïiæ Ki‡Z hv‡”Qb †mwU Avcbv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e| Avcwb hw` bv Rv‡bb,
Z‡e a‡i ivLyb Avcwb e¨emv‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki Av‡MB †jvKk‡b co‡eb| GB D‡Ïk¨ Lyu‡R †ei Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi
wZbwU cÖ‡kœi DËi †ei Kiæb| Avcwb Avcbvi cÖ‡R± †_‡K Kx AR©b Ki‡Z Pvb Ges †K‡bv? Avcbvi
cÖ‡R± Kv÷gvi‡`i Rb¨ †K‡bv Riæwi? AviI we¯Í…Zfv‡e ej‡Z †Kv‡bv e¨w³ †K‡bv Avcbvi weR‡b‡mi
Kv÷gvi n‡e?
Avcbvi GB weR‡b‡mi DcKvwiZv Kx?
GBme cÖ‡kœi DËi †ei Kivi mgq Lye †mvRvmvÞvfv‡e wPšÍv Ki‡eb| me wPšÍvi †K‡›`ª Kv÷gvi‡K †i‡L
fve‡eb| Lye †ewk Abygvb Ki‡Z hv‡eb bv GK`g| KviY ev¯Íem¤§Z j¶¨ wba©vi‡Y Abygvb Gwo‡q PjvB †kÖq|

wb‡Ri e¨emvi gvcKvwV wb‡RB LyuRyb

wb‡Ri e¨emvi gvcKvwV Lyu‡R †ei KivUv Lye Riæwi| Avcbvi e¨emvwU gv‡K©‡U †Kvb ch©v‡q _vK‡e, Avcbvi
eZ©gvb B-Kgvm© mvBU †Kgb KvR Ki‡Q Ges Avcwb †Kvb D”PZvq Avcbvi I‡qemvBU Z_v e¨emv‡K

c„ôv- 53
 wb‡q †h‡Z Pvb G¸‡jv hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ gvcKvwV `iKvi| Avi GB gvcKvwV Avcwb Lyu‡R cv‡ebÑ Avcbvi
e¨emvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ cÖwZ‡hvMx e¨emvqx‡`i e¨emv we‡kølY K‡i| †h BÛvw÷ª‡Z KvR Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb †mB
BÛvw÷ªi bvwo-b¶Î m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ we‡kølY Kiv| gv‡K©U wimvP© †_‡K cÖvß WvUv Ges
`k©K‡`i BbmvBU m¤ú‡K© Ávbjvf Kiv| Avcbvi AbjvBb Ges AdjvBb A¨vKwUwfwUm Avcbvi e¨emvi
mv‡_ KZUzKz hvq Zv we‡ePbv Kiv| GB we‡kølY¸‡jv Avcbv‡K ev¯Íem¤§Z GKwU Uv‡M©U †mU Ki‡Z mnvqZv
Ki‡e| Avcbv‡K eySv‡e GB e¨emvq Avcbvi cÖwZ‡hvMx Kviv Ges Zviv KZ kw³kvjx| Zv‡`i‡K Qvwc‡q
Avcbvi e¨emv‡K AviI KZ Dc‡i wb‡Z n‡e! Gi cvkvcvwk Kv÷gvi wi‡jkb g¨v‡bR‡g›U (wmAviGg)
†_‡K cÖvß WvUv Avcbv‡K GKwU j¶¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| Avcbvi e¨emv ïiæi Av‡M Kv÷gv‡ii
Kv‡Q Avcbv‡K wWwRUvwj ev AdjvB‡b †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g †cuŠQv‡Z n‡e| Avcbvi I‡qemvBU, †gvevBj
A¨vcm cÖf…wZ B-Kgvm© msµvšÍ †UK‡bvjwRi gwbUwis Ges †Uw÷s Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avcbvi j¶¨wU n‡Z n‡e ¯§vU©
j¶¨ n‡Z n‡e ¯§vU©! GB ¯§vU© kãwUi dzj dg© n‡”QÑ
S - Specific
M- Measureable
A- Attainable
R - Relevant
T - Timely
A_©vr Avcbvi j¶¨wU n‡Z n‡e GKvav‡i wbw`©ó, cwigvc‡hvM¨, AR©b‡hvM¨, Avcbvi KvR I Ae¯’v‡bi mv‡_
m¤ú„³ Ges wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨B Avcbv‡K j¶¨wU AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| Kxfv‡e Avcwb Avcbvi B-Kgvm©
weR‡bm‡K cÖwZwbqZ Uª¨vK Ki‡eb, gwbUi Ki‡eb Ges cY¨ Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bvi ci wi‡cvU©
Ki‡eb Zvi m¤ú~Y© j¶¨ Avcwb wVK Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| hw` GB cuvPwU g~j c‡q›U Avcbvi gv_vq _v‡K| GB
¯§vU© cÖwµqvwU Avcbvi B-Kgv‡m©i †KwcI ˆZwi Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
B-Kgvm© K¨v‡¤úBb ïiæ Kiæb
GB K_v Ab¯^xKvh© †h, B-Kgvm© eª¨vÛ M‡o D‡V wWwRUvjfv‡e †mB eª¨v‡Ûi cÖPviYvi gva¨‡g| Avcwb hZ
Zrci n‡q cÖhyw³i mvnvh¨ wb‡q GB cÖPviYv Pvjv‡eb, ZZ Avcbvi B-Kgvm© cÖKíwU gvby‡li Kv‡Q cwiwPwZ
jvf Ki‡e| Avcbvi B-Kgvm© e¨emv hZ cÖmvi jvf Ki‡e ZZ Avcbvi Uv‡M©U cwiewZ©Z n‡e| Gme
†¶‡Î Uv‡M©U cybivq hvPvB evQvB K‡i cwieZ©b Ki‡Z wcQcv n‡eb bv| n‡ZB cv‡i Avcwb cÖ_gevi j¶¨
wba©vi‡Yi mgq AwZwi³ mveavbx wQ‡jb A_ev AwZwi³ D”PvKv•ÿx wQ‡jb| ZvB e¨emvi ïiæi c‡i Avcwb
e¨emv Abyhvqx Avcbvi j¶¨ e`‡j †d‡j Zv‡K AviI ev¯Íem¤§Z K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡ib|
SzuwKmg~n we‡ePbvq Avbyb
Avcbvi B-Kgvm© e¨emv‡Z SzuwK _vK‡eB! SzuwK †h‡Kv‡bv e¨emvi Rb¨ GKwU mvaviY d¨v±i| wKš‘ Avcbv‡K
j¶¨ wba©vi‡Yi mg‡q †mB SzuwK gv_vq Avb‡Z n‡e| GB SzuwK¸‡jv Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z Avcbv‡K wb‡gœv³
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`‡Z n‡eÑ
_vW© cvwU© Avcbvi e¨emv‡K Kx Kx Dcv‡q SzuwK‡Z †dj‡Z cv‡i?
eQ‡ii wmRbvj Drme¸‡jv ev †Kvb †Kvb UvB‡g e¨emvi cvidig¨v‡Ý eo ai‡bi cwieZ©b Avm‡Z cv‡i?
Avcbvi B-Kgvm© mvBU wK h‡_ó BDRvi †d«Ûwj Ges †d¬w·ej?
Avcbvi B-Kgvm© e¨emvwU gwbUi Ges hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ Kx Kx cÖwµqv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e?
Avcbvi e¨emvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ †÷K‡nvìvi‡`i K_v gv_vq †i‡L Avcbv‡K e¨emvwqK cø¨vb Ges j¶¨
wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
GB 5wU †KŠkj ch©vqµ‡g AbymiY Kivi gva¨‡gB Avcwb Avcbvi B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ GKwU myôz †Mvj
ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

54-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-11

wewb‡qvM Ges ev‡RU

wewb‡qvM ej‡Z Avgiv †mB m¤ú`‡K †evSvB, hvi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi j¶¨ c~iY nq Ges †Kv¤úvwb
Avq Kivi Rb¨ Dchy³ n‡q I‡V| A_©bxwZi fvlvq wewb‡qvM ej‡Z †Kv‡bv wKQy µq Kivi Rb¨ A_© e¨q
Kiv‡K †evSvq| Avi dvBb¨v‡Ýi fvlvq wewb‡qvM n‡”Q †mB A_©, hv e¨q Kivi gva¨‡g cieZ©x‡Z Av‡qi
m¤¢vebv ˆZwi nq| Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki e¨emvwqK AwfÁZv †_‡K Avgiv Rvwb, †Kv‡bv e¨emv ïiæi Av‡M
g~jab jv‡M| †mB g~jab µ‡qi Rb¨ A_© e¨q Ki‡Z nq| Avi †mB A_© e¨q‡K wewb‡qvM Kiv ejv nq|
†Kvb †Kvb Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM cÖ‡qvRb? Avgiv Rvwb, †Kv‡bv e¨emv ïiæ Kivi mgq wewb‡qvM cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘
e¨emv ïiæi c‡iI A‡bK wewb‡qv‡Mi LvZ ˆZwi nq| B-Kgvm© e¨emvi †¶‡ÎI G iKg wKQy LvZ i‡q‡Q
†hLv‡b wewb‡qvM `iKvi| wb‡P †Zgb wKQy Lv‡Zi K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡jvÑ
e¨emv ÷vU©Avc ev ïiæi mgq wewb‡qvM cÖ‡qvRb|
e¨emvq gvbem¤ú` ev Rbej wb‡Z wewb‡qv‡Mi `iKvi c‡o|
wewfbœ iKg Bb‡f›Uwi Z_v e¨emvi cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ †Kbvi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM `iKvi|
e¨emvi Rb¨ cÖPzi †bUIqvK© ˆZwi Kiv Ges †mB †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ wi‡jkbwkc †gBb‡Ub Kiv `iKvi|
GB Lv‡ZI wewb‡qvM `iKvi|
wewfbœ cÖKvi wimvP© Ges †W‡fjc‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ Avjv`vfv‡e wewb‡qvM Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
e¨emv‡K †UKmB g‡W‡j Avbvi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM `iKvi|

c„ôv- 55
 bZzb †U«‡Ûi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q †bIqvi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM `iKvi|
e¨emvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ ÷vd‡`i wewfbœ cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM `iKvi|

B-Kgvm© e¨emvq cÖv_wgKfv‡e Kx Kx wewb‡qvM `iKvi?

B-Kgvm© e¨emvi GK`g cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wbw`©ó Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM Kiv AZxe cÖ‡qvRb| †h‡Kv‡bv B-Kgvm©
e¨emvi cÖv_wgK wewb‡qv‡Mi GB LvZ¸‡jv n‡”QÑ
Avcbvi B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ wbk (Niche) †e‡Q wbb| GLv‡b wbk ej‡Z †evSv hv‡”Q Avcwb †Kvb
ai‡bi †cÖvWv± wewµ Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb ev †Kvb ai‡bi †mev w`‡Z Pv‡”Qb †mwU wVK Kiv| Avcwb hZ
wPšÍv Ki‡eb ZZB †`L‡eb Avcbvi GB aib wbw`©ó n‡q DV‡Q| †hgbÑ Avcwb wPšÍv Ki‡jb d¨vkb
RvZxq †cÖvWv± †eP‡Z Pvb| wKš‘ d¨vkb RvZxq †cÖvWv± A‡bK iK‡gi| Avcbv‡K mywbw`©ófv‡e wVK
Ki‡Z n‡e Avcwb Kx wewµ Ki‡Z Pvb| a‡i wbb, Avcwb wPšÍv K‡i †ei Ki‡jb RyZv wewµ Ki‡Z Pvb|
RyZv wewfbœ eª¨v‡Ûi Ges wewfbœ iK‡gi n‡q _v‡K| AviI †f‡e Avcwb wbw`©ó wZbwU eª¨v‡Ûi RyZv †mj
Kivi wm×všÍ wb‡jb| GB †h wPšÍv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Avcbvi B-Kgv‡m©i wbk Lyu‡R †c‡jb, G‡K ejv nq
gvB‡µv wbk| hZ Avcwb Avcbvi †cÖvWv‡±i aib‡K b¨v‡iv WvDb Z_v msKzwPZ Ki‡eb ZZB Avcwb
wKQy Kv÷gvi nviv‡eb| Z‡e Gi cvkvcvwk †mBme e¨w³i g‡a¨ AvMÖn m„wó Ki‡Z cvi‡eb hviv cÖK…Z
A‡_©B Avcbvi e¨emvi Kv÷gvi| GB B-Kgvm© wbk †e‡Q †bqvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K wewb‡qvM Ki‡ZB
n‡e| KviY KLbB GKav‡c Avcwb GZ mywbw`©ó wPšÍv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
Gici Avm‡e weR‡bm g‡Wj ˆZwii cvjv| †Kv_v †_‡K cY¨ †b‡eb, †Kv_vq cY¨ ivL‡eb, Kxfv‡e
cY¨ †cuŠQv‡ebÑ G mewKQyB weR‡bm g‡W‡ji AšÍM©Z| GB weR‡bm g‡Wj ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K
wewfbœ RvqMvq †h‡Z n‡e| †cÖvWv± †mvm© Ki‡Z n‡e| g¨vbyd¨vKPvivi, †nvj‡mjvi ev wi‡UBjvi‡`i
mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| GB mewKQy Ki‡ZB Avcbvi GKwU wbw`©ó As‡Ki wewb‡qvM `iKvi
co‡e|
†Kvb †cÖvWv± Kvi Kv‡Q †_‡K †b‡eb, Kv‡K †Wwjfvwii Kv‡R ivL‡eb Avi Kv‡K AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui
Kv‡R ivL‡ebÑ G¸‡jv Avcbv‡K wm×všÍ wb‡Z n‡e| †cÖvWv± wK‡b ÷K Ki‡Z wKsev Ab¨ ÷vd‡`i
†eZb w`‡Z Avcbv‡K cÖv_wgKfv‡e wewb‡qv‡Mi wPšÍv Ki‡Z n‡e|
e¨emvi eª¨vÛ GKw`‡b ˆZwi nq bv| wewfbœ gvby‡li Kv‡Q eª¨vÛ‡K cwiwPZ K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ wbqwgZ
†mB gvbyl¸‡jvi Kv‡Q Avcbvi eª¨v‡Ûi cÖPviYv Pvjv‡Z n‡e| GB eª¨v‡Ûi cÖPviYvi Rb¨ weÁvcb GKwU
¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| Avcbvi e¨emvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq weÁvcb w`‡Z wewb‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb|
B-Kgvm© e¨emv‡Z Avcbvi I‡qemvB‡U Kv÷gvi AvbvUvB me‡P‡q eo P¨v‡jÄ| GB `k©K Avbvi Rb¨
Avcbv‡K BDRvi †d«Ûwj Ges AvKl©Yxq GKwU I‡qemvBU ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| I‡qemvBU ˆZwii Rb¨
Avcbvi wewb‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb|
AbjvB‡b Avcbvi †cÖvWv‡±i gv‡K©wUs‡qi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM cÖ‡qvRb|

B-Kgvm© wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ av‡c av‡c cø¨vb

wgkb
cÖ_‡gB wm×všÍ wbb Kx wb‡q Avcbvi e¨emvwU n‡Z hv‡”Q?

÷ª¨v‡UwR
Kxfv‡e Avcwb Avcbvi e¨emv‡K mdj K‡i Zzj‡Z Pvb?

56-c„ôv
†UK‡bvjwR
Avcbvi e¨emv‡K mdj Kivi Rb¨ Kx Kx †UK‡bvjwR `iKvi?

†÷K‡nvìvim
Avcbvi e¨emv‡K GwM‡q †bqvi Rb¨ Kvi Kvi mv‡cv‡U©i cÖ‡qvRb?

Gb‡MR‡g›U
Kv÷gv‡ii wiwfD cvIqv Ges †mB Abyhvqx e¨emvq cwieZ©b Avbv| GB cÖwZwU av‡ci Rb¨ Avcbv‡K
wewb‡qv‡Mi cø¨vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Dc‡iB Avgiv †R‡bwQ †Kvb †Kvb Lv‡Z e¨q Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB av‡c av‡c
cø¨vb K‡i cÖwZwU av‡c LvZ¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki‡jB Avcwb eyS‡Z cvi‡eb Avcbvi e¨emvi Rb¨ Kx cwigvY
wewb‡qvM `iKvi|

Gevi B-Kgvm© weR‡b‡m wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ av‡c av‡c cø¨vb¸‡jvi w`‡K ZvKvB
Kviv Avcbvi †cÖvWv± wKb‡e †Zgb Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡R‡`i †cÖvWv± Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ cø¨vb Ki‡Z n‡e
cÖ_‡gB|
†Kvb †Kvb P¨v‡b‡j Avcwb †cÖvWv± wewµ Ki‡Z Pvb? ïay Kx Avcbvi I‡qemvB‡U bvwK †dmeyK ev
eÜzi g‡Zv gv‡K©U †c †mI †cÖvWv± wewµ Ki‡Z Pvq †mB wm×všÍI wb‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
Avcbvi I‡qemvBU mvRv‡bvi Rb¨ Kb‡U›U Ges B‡g‡Ri `iKvi| †m¸‡jv Avcwb Kxfv‡e cv‡eb
ZviI GKwU cø¨vb ˆZwi K‡i †djyb|
e¨emvq jwRw÷K wn‡m‡e GKwU †÷vi cÖ‡qvRb| cvkvcvwk Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi wbR¯^ c¨v‡KwRs
`iKvi| †Zv GKB mv‡_ †÷vi, c¨v‡KwRs, wkc‡g›U Ges wiUvb© cwjwm wb‡q cø¨vb K‡i †djyb|
Avcbvi †cÖvWv‡±i cÖvBm KZ ivL‡eb †m wel‡q Avcbv‡K mywbw`©ó cø¨vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Kv÷gvi mvwf©m †Kgbfv‡e KvR Ki‡e †m wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ wPšÍv Kiæb Ges cø¨vb mvwR‡q †djyb|
Kx cÖwµqvq †c‡g›U †b‡eb †mB †c‡g›U †g_‡Wi wmwKDwiwU †Kgb, GB wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ cø¨vb Ki‡Z
n‡e|
Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi Rb¨ Ges †gvevBj Kgv‡m©i cø¨vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡e
†gvevBj A¨vwcø‡Kkb ˆZwi wKsev †dmeyK †cR †gBb‡Ub|
†Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î Avcbvi ÷vd `iKvi, †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î _vW© cvwU© w`‡q KvR Kiv‡eb †mB wel‡q
cø¨vb mvRvb|
Kb‡U›U g¨v‡bR‡g›U Ges Kv÷gvi wi‡jkbwkc g¨v‡bR‡g›U wb‡q GKwU cø¨vb mvwR‡q †djyb|
Av‡MB e‡jwQ, I‡qemvBU n‡Z n‡e BDRvi †d«Ûwj Ges AvKl©Yxq| ZvB I‡qemvB‡Ui wWRvBb,
†gBb‡U‡bÝ, I‡qemvB‡U e¨eüZ Qwe, K¨vUvjM Ges AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›UwelqK mywbw`©ó cø¨vb _vKv Riæwi|

ev‡RU
GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ Avq-e¨‡qi cø¨vb Kiv‡KB ev‡RU e‡j| ev‡RU GKRb
e¨w³i wbR¯^ cø¨vb n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi †Kv‡bv cwievi, B‡f›U, e¨emv, miKv‡ii KvR wewfbœ Kv‡RB ev‡RU
ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb A_ev AM©vbvB‡Rkb wb‡R‡`i ¯^í‡gqvw` ev `xN©‡gqvw` Avq-e¨‡qi Rb¨
GB ev‡RU cø¨vb K‡i _v‡K| †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi ev‡RU †mB †Kv¤úvwbi g‡a¨B Ave× _v‡K, evB‡ii KviI
Rb¨ Zv Db¥y³ Kiv nq bv|

c„ôv- 57
 GKwU ev‡R‡Ui Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq
weR‡bm g‡Wj,
KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ e¨q,
wewfbœfv‡e cY¨ wewµi Rb¨ e¨q,
gv‡K©wUs‡qi Rb¨ e¨q.
†UK‡bvjwRi Rb¨ e¨q,
†Uªwbs Ges Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ e¨q,
wimv‡P©i Rb¨ e¨q,
cÖwdU gvwR©b|

cÖwZwU ev‡RU ˆZwii Rb¨ †h welq¸‡jv †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e

ev‡RU ˆZwii Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e wewfbœ LvZ ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| a‡ib, †Kv‡bv cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨
Avcwb ev‡RU ˆZwi Ki‡Qb| cÖwk¶‡Ki fvZv, cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i Lvevi LiP, n¨vÛeyK, Kjg, †fby¨ fvov
cÖf…wZ me LvZ ev‡R‡U D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e|
ev‡RU n‡Z n‡e SMART| SMART ej‡Z Avgiv eywS Specific, Measurable, Agreed Upon,
Realistic, Time-Based| A_©vr ev‡RU n‡Z n‡e ev¯Íem¤§Z Ges wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨|
ev‡RU †d¬w·ej ivL‡Z n‡e †hb bZzb †Kv‡bv mgm¨vq ev‡RU cwiewZ©Z Kiv m¤¢e nq|
ev‡RU n‡Z n‡e mxgve×| wb‡R‡`i m¤ú` Ges Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i ev‡RU ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
GKwU ev‡RU ˆZwii Av‡M cÖPzi Avjvc Av‡jvPbv `iKvi| KviY ˆZwiK…Z ev‡R‡Ui mv‡_ mevB †hb
wb‡R‡`i wPšÍv‡K Lvc LvIqv‡Z cv‡i|

GKwU B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨ Avgiv Kx K‡i ev‡RU ˆZwi Kie

GKwU AbjvBb kc ev I‡qemvBU ˆZwi Ki‡Z Kx Kx dvskb Ges †gby¨ _vKv Riæwi Zv cÖ_‡gB wPwýZ
Kie|
I‡qemvB‡Ui cÖ_g †cRwU †`L‡Z †Kgb n‡e, Kx Kx _vK‡e †m wel‡q wm×všÍ †be|
wWRvBb Kb‡m‡Þi Rb¨ †hb †Kv‡bv G·Uªv PvR© bv jv‡M †mw`‡K j¶ ivLe| me‡P‡q Kg g~‡j¨i
AvKl©Yxq wWRvBb †e‡Q †be|
†h‡nZz B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U wfwWI, †U·U, B‡gR me ai‡bi Kb‡U›U _v‡K| ZvB wewfbœ Kb‡U›U
g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g wb‡q cø¨vb Kie|
Kxfv‡e Avcbvi I‡qemvBUwU AbjvBb gv‡K©wUs Ki‡e †mB wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ wm×všÍ wb‡Z n‡e|
I‡qemvB‡Ui †Wv‡gBb †nvw÷s †Kbv Ges I‡qemvBU †W‡fjcv‡ii PvR© ch©šÍ e¨‡qi LvZ wj÷ Kie|
I‡qemvBUwU _vW© cvwU©i Aax‡b _vK‡e bvwK wb‡R wbqš¿‡Y †be †mB wel‡q wm×všÍ †be|
I‡qemvB‡Ui wmwKDwiwUi w`‡K †Rvi †`e Ges cieZ©x †gBb‡U‡b‡Ýi Rb¨ A_© eivÏ ivLe|

58-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-12

B‡dw±f wjWviwkc
wjWviwkc Kx?
wjWviwkc ev †bZ…Z¡ n‡”Q †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev MÖæ‡ci GKwU Awfbe ¶gZv| GB ¶gZvi d‡j GKRb e¨w³
ev wUg †Kv‡bv msMV‡bi Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡K MvBW Ki‡Z cv‡i| m`m¨‡`i †gvwU‡fU Kiv Ges wewfbœ mgm¨v
mgvav‡b AMÖYx f‚wgKv cvjb Kiv GKRb wjWv‡ii g~j `vwqZ¡|

†Kgb n‡eb GKRb wjWvi?

GKRb wjWv‡ii wb‡¤œv³ PviwU ¸Y _vKv Avek¨K :
†ivj g‡Wj,
Drmvn`vZv,
D`¨gx,
AR©bKvix|

†ivj g‡Wj
GKRb wjWvi‡K GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi †ivj g‡Wj n‡q DV‡Z n‡e| Zvi wbR¯^ wKQz g~j¨‡eva _vKv Riæwi Ges
†mme g~j¨‡eva †hb †Kv¤úvwbi mdjZvi c‡_ `„óvšÍ n‡q _v‡K| Avcwb hw` †Kv‡bv D`vniY m„wó Ki‡Z
bv cv‡ib, Zvn‡j Avcwb †Kv‡bv g‡ZB †ivj g‡Wj n‡q DV‡Z cvi‡eb bv| wjWvi ej‡ZB Avgv‡`i †Pv‡L
†f‡m I‡V Am¤¢e K¨vwikgvwUK GKRb e¨w³, whwb mevB‡K †gvwU‡fU K‡i GKmv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z mv‡cvU©

c„ôv- 59
†`b| Z‡e †bZ…Z¡ welqwUi †kl e‡j wKQz †bB| wZwbB GKRb fv‡jv wjWvi, whwb cÖwZwbqZ Zvi Pvicv‡ki
gvbyl¸‡jvi Kv‡Q wk‡Lb Ges ev¯Íe Rxe‡b †mB wk¶v cÖ‡qvM K‡ib|

Drmvn`vZv
AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ wfkb wVK K‡i †`qv Ges †m Abyhvqx Kv‡Ri wW‡iKkb †`qv GKRb
wjWv‡ii `vwqZ¡| Ggb mgq Avm‡ZB cv‡i, hLb †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨iv KvR Kivi cÖwZ AvMÖn nvwi‡q †d‡j|
ZLb wjWvi‡KB ÎvZv wn‡m‡e Avwef©‚Z n‡Z n‡e| m`m¨‡`i K_v gb w`‡q ïb‡Z n‡e, Zv‡`i‡K cÖwZwbqZ
Drmvn w`‡q †h‡Z n‡e| A‡bK mgq wb‡Ri Av‡e‡Mi RvqMvwU‡K mwi‡q †i‡L †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨‡`i
cv‡k `uvov‡Z n‡e| P¨v‡jÄ †bqvi ¶gZv _vK‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ KvR wb‡q G·‡cwi‡g›U Kivi cÖwZ AvMÖnx
n‡Z n‡e| Kv‡R P¨v‡jÄ Ges wi¯‹ †bqv Qvov †Kv‡bv e¨w³B wjWvi n‡q DV‡Z cv‡ib bv| wi¯‹ †bqvi
gvbwmKZvB GKRb e¨w³‡K wjWvi evbvq|

D`¨gx
wjWv‡ii KvR n‡e †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨‡`i ga¨ †_‡K me‡P‡q fv‡jvUv †ei K‡i Avbv| Avi Gi Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwbi
m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU wUg w¯úwiU ˆZwi Kiv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi|

AR©bKvix
†Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ wjWvi‡K †dvKvmW _vKvUv Lye Riæwi|

wjWviwk‡ci cÖKvi‡f`
mvaviYZ wZb ai‡bi wjWviwkc n‡q _v‡K :
A‡Uv‡µwm : GLv‡b wjWvi GKwU KvR Kivi wm×všÍ †bb Ges †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨iv †mB Abymv‡i KvR K‡ib|
†jB‡mR †dqvi : wjWvi †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri wm×všÍ wb‡R †bb bv| m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ `ywU Ackb w`‡q †`b
Ges e‡j †`b, hvi mv‡_ †hB Ackb wg‡j †m Abymv‡i Zviv †hb KvR K‡ib|
†W‡gv‡µwUK : GLv‡b wjWvi †fvU K‡ib, †Kvb `ywU Ackb AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi j¶¨ c~i‡Y KvR Ki‡e|
msL¨vMwi‡ôi wfwˇZ †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨iv GKwU Ackb †e‡Q †bb Ges †mB Abyhvqx KvR K‡ib|

GKRb fv‡jv wjWv‡ii 5wU ˆewkó¨

wbwØ©avq GKRb wjWv‡ii fv‡jv †hvMv‡hv‡Mi `¶Zv _vK‡Z n‡e|
Zv‡K Kv‡Ri cÖwZ c¨vk‡bU Ges Kwg‡UW n‡Z n‡e|
memgq wjWv‡ii g‡a¨ cwRwUf wPšÍvfvebv _vK‡e|
bZzb AvBwWqv †ei Kiv, bZzb wKQz wPšÍv Kivi ¶gZv _vK‡Z n‡e|
mevB‡K wb‡q KvR Kivi gvbwmKZv _vK‡Z n‡e|

fv‡jv wjWviwk‡ci ¸iæZ¡

†Kv‡bv AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi j¶¨ c~i‡Y fv‡jv wjWviwk‡ci †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| GKRb fv‡jv wjWvi mevi
†_‡K KvR †ei K‡i Avb‡Z cv‡ib|
fv‡jv wjWviwk‡ci d‡j wewfbœ ˆewPΨc~Y© `¶ †jvK GKmv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Zv‡`i Kgb cvicv‡mi
RvqMv Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡ib GKRb wjWvi| Avi Gfv‡eB mevB wg‡j AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi j¶¨
c~i‡Y Kv‡R g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

60-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-13

`¶Zv AR©b Ges wUg ˆZwi

`¶Zv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
†Kv‡bv KvR Kivi Rb¨ gvby‡li †h ¶gZv Zv-B †mB gvby‡li `¶Zv| Z‡e GB `¶Zv gvby‡li B”Qv †_‡K
ˆZwi nq| KL‡bv KL‡bv Kv‡Ri wbq‡g wKsev RwUj cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi Rb¨ GB `¶Zv ˆZwi
n‡Z cv‡i| me BÛvw÷ªi Rb¨ mgvb `¶Zv cÖ‡qvRb †bB| AvR Avgiv Rvbe B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z KvR Kivi
Rb¨ Avcbvi Kx Kx `¶Zv cÖ‡qvRb|

I‡q‡ei LyuwUbvwU
B‡jKUªwbK Kgvm©‡K g~jZ B-Kgvm© e‡j| AbjvBb †ePv‡Kbvq GKwU I‡qemvBU _vKv LyeB Riæwi|
I‡qemvBU †_‡K †µZviv †cÖvWv± †`L‡eb Ges AW©vi Ki‡eb| GB Kvi‡Y B-Kgvm© e¨emvq GKRb
D‡`¨v³vi I‡qemvBU m¤ú‡K© LyeB fv‡jv aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| ïay D‡`¨v³v‡KB bq, B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z
Kg©iZ mevB‡K I‡qemvBU msµvšÍ e¨vcv‡i †ewmK aviYv ivL‡Z n‡e| I‡qemvBU †W‡fjc‡g›U †_‡K ïiæ
K‡i I‡qemvBU g¨v‡bR‡g›U, †gBb‡Ub¨vÝ m¤ú‡K© LyuwUbvwU Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e|

Kb‡U›U ˆZwi
B-Kgv‡m© †µZv †h‡nZz cY¨ a‡i †`L‡Z cvi‡Qb bv, ZvB Kb‡U›U GLv‡b Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| †cÖvWv±‡qi

c„ôv- 61
wek` eY©bv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †cÖvWv± wiwfD Ges †cÖvWv± gv‡K©wUs‡qi †¶‡Î Kb‡U‡›Ui cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB
B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z Kb‡U›U wb‡q `¶Zv _vKvUv LyeB Riæwi GKwU welq|

e¨emv msµvšÍ AvBb

†h‡Kv‡bv e¨emv Kivi Rb¨B e¨emv msµvšÍ AvBb wb‡q `¶Zv _vKvUv Riæwi| B-Kgv‡m©i †¶‡ÎI Zv wfbœ bq|
wWwRUvj e¨emv msµvšÍ †hme AvBb †`‡k i‡q‡Q Zv wb‡q Ávb _vKvUv GLv‡b AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡cY~ © GKwU welq|

cÖ‡R± g¨v‡bR‡g›U
B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡R± g¨v‡bR‡g‡›U `¶Zv _vKvUv `iKvi| Kxfv‡e GKwU cY¨ ˆZwi
Ki‡Z n‡e, ev‡RU Ki‡Z n‡e, cY¨ wecY‡bi KvR ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wb‡q mg¨K aviYv bv _vK‡j
evRv‡i wU‡K _vKv gykwKj|

wnmv‡e `¶Zv
e¨emvwqK wnmv‡e `¶Zv, evRv‡ii mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q c‡Y¨i `vg wba©viY, †ePv‡Kbvi wnmve ivLv Gme
`¶Zv Qvov B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z KvR Kiv †Kv‡bv g‡ZB m¤¢e bq|

bZzb wKQz †kLv

B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv| AvR †h †cÖvWv± wb‡q KvR Ki‡Qb, `yw`b c‡i †mwU MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
nviv‡Z cv‡i| ZvB bZzb c‡Y¨i mv‡_ Avc‡WU _vKv, Ab¨vb¨ B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª we‡kølY Kivi gva¨‡g bZzb
wKQz †kLvi Acwimxg AvMÖn GLv‡b _vK‡ZB n‡e|

`¶Zv¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡eb Kx K‡i?

†h‡Kv‡bv `¶Zv AR©‡bi wKQz c×wZ _v‡K| cÖ_gZ, Avcbv‡K †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e †Kvb †UK‡bvjwR‡Z KvR
Ki‡Z Pvb Avcwb| B-Kgv‡m©i †¶‡Î GUv ai‡Z cviv Lye mnR| Avcbv‡K weR‡bm Kivi Rb¨ GKwU
I‡qemvBU, †gvevBj A¨vwcø‡Kkb _vK‡Z n‡e| e¨vwÛs‡qi Rb¨ Kb‡U›U m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡e, †mvk¨vj
†bUIqv‡K© Avc‡WU _vK‡Z n‡e| GB welq¸‡jv Avcbv‡K Av‡MB wVK K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Gici Avcbvi
cÖwk¶Y †bqvi cvjv| Avcbvi cQ›` Kiv wel‡q wewfbœ cÖwk¶Y Kg©kvjv Lyu‡R †ei Kiæb| ZvQvov GB
msµvšÍ we‡klÁ Ges `¶ e¨w³i mvwbœ‡a¨ Avcwb GB welqK Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
`¶Zv e„w×i †Kv‡bv we‡kl c×wZ †bB| Avcwb KvR K‡i, eB c‡o, GKvwaK cÖwk¶‡Y AskMÖnY K‡i
wb‡Ri Ávb‡K F× Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Gfv‡eB Avcbvi `¶Zv e„w× cv‡e| GB c×wZ‡Z G‡Mv‡j GK`g
k~b¨ AwfÁZv †_‡KI Avcwb n‡q DV‡Z cv‡ib GKRb `¶ D‡`¨v³v| ïay Aa¨emvq Ges †kLvi AvMÖnB
Avcbv‡K wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i Abb¨ D”PZvq|

B-Kgvm© †¶‡Î Kx Kx gv‡K©wUs `¶Zv `iKvi?

Kb‡U‡›Ui mvnv‡h¨ Kxfv‡e gv‡K©wUs Ki‡Z nq Zv Rvb‡Z n‡e|
WvUv A¨vbvjvBwmm Ki‡Z Rvb‡Z n‡e|

62-c„ôv
 WvUv Kv‡jKkb m¤ú‡K© Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e|
†Uw÷s Kivi `¶Zv _vK‡Z n‡e|
wWRvBb m¤ú‡K© Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e|
†W‡fjc‡g›U m¤ú‡K© Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e|
weÁvcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs Rvb‡Z n‡e|
mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb wb‡q LyeB fv‡jv Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e|

†K‡bv `¶Zv AR©b Riæwi?

AvR‡Ki `ywbqv n‡”Q †MøvevjvB‡Rk‡bi `ywbqv| †UK‡bvjwR‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q AvR Pvicv‡ki Rxeb n‡q
DV‡Q mnR| ZvB GB mg‡q wb‡Ri mdjZvi Rb¨ `¶Zv e„w×i †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| `¶Zv AR©bB †Kej
cv‡i Avcbvi †cÖvWvw±wfwU evov‡Z| A_©‰bwZK DbœwZi Rb¨ `¶Zv AR©b Avek¨K| †gvU K_v, `¶Zv AR©b
GKRb gvbyl‡K cy‡iv`¯‘i ¯^vej¤^x K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q gvby‡li MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv evovq|

wUg MVb
mevB me wel‡q `¶ n‡Z cv‡ib bv| wKš‘ BÛvw÷ª‡Z GKwU wel‡q `¶Zv Qvov cy‡iv KvRwU cÐ n‡q
hvq| Avi ZvB BÛvw÷ªi Rb¨ `¶ Rbej jvM‡eB| Avi †mRb¨ GKvwaK `¶ gvbyl wb‡qvM †`qv Riæwi|
Gfv‡eB wewfbœ `¶ gvbyl hLb GKwU j¶¨ wb‡q KvR K‡ib ZLbB _v‡K wUg e‡j| GKwU AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi
†cÖvWvw±wfwU evov‡bvi Rb¨ wU‡gi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| GKwU fv‡jv wUg gv‡b †h‡Kv‡bv mgm¨vi `ªæZ mgvavb,
†h‡Kv‡bv cÖKvi evav‡K AwZµg Kiv Ges GKB mv‡_ cÖPzi KvR Kiv| wUg Kv‡Ri MwZ evovq| m„Rbkxj
Kv‡Ri Rb¥ †`q| Avi Gfv‡eB GKwU wUg GKwU †Kv¤úvwb‡K DbœwZi wkL‡i †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

wUg MV‡b Kx Kx †hvM¨Zv _vKv Riæwi?

fv‡jv wUg MVb Kivi Rb¨ Avcbvi fv‡jv †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv _vKv Riæwi| Avcbv‡K wU‡gi ga¨Kvi
m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ Avjvc Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv‡`i Drmvn w`‡Z n‡e| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi A`¶Zv wU‡gi †fZi fzj
†evSveywSi m„wó K‡i|
Avcbv‡K gykwKj Avmvb n‡q DV‡Z n‡e| KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q wU‡g wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii mgm¨vi m„wó n‡Z
cv‡i| Avcbv‡K †mme mgm¨v mgvavb Kivi wm×všÍ wb‡Z Rvb‡Z n‡e|
†bZ…Z¡ †`qvi `¶Zv _vK‡Z n‡e|
wU‡gi mevB wg‡j GKmv‡_ KvR Kivi gvbwmKZv _vK‡Z n‡e| wjWvi‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| Avevi
mevB wg‡j bgbxqfv‡e mgv‡jvPbv KivI Rvb‡Z n‡e|
Drmvn w`‡Z n‡e|
wbqwgZ Kv‡Ri wdWe¨vK w`‡Z n‡e| Kx K‡i AviI fv‡jv KvR Kiv m¤¢e †mRb¨ wUg †g¤^vi‡`i mv‡_
K_v ej‡Z n‡e|

c„ôv- 63
Aa¨vq-14

wnDg¨vb wi‡mvm© g¨v‡bR‡g›U

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K wkLe
Kxfv‡e GKRb fv‡jv GBPAviGg n‡q DV‡eb?

B-GBPAviGg ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?

B-GBPAviGg n‡”Q GBPAvi g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui GKwU dvskb| †Kv‡bv AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi GBPAvi KvRKg©
hLb Bbdi‡gkb †UK‡bvjwR cÖ‡qvM K‡i m¤úbœ Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K B-GBPAviGg ejv nq| AviI mnR
fvlvq, hLb AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi GBPAvi Zvi KvRK‡g©i Rb¨ mdUIq¨vi Ges B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi K‡i ZLbB
Zvi KvRKg©‡K B-GBPAviGg e‡j|

B-GBPAviG‡gi dvskbmg~n
B-wiµzU‡g›UÑ B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z Kg©x wb‡qvM †`qv,
B-wm‡jKkbÑ B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z Z_v mdUIq¨vi e¨envi K‡i Kg©x evQvB Kiv,
B-jvwb©sÑ AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g jvwb©s cø¨vUdg© ˆZwi Kiv,
B-†UªwbsÑ AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g †Uªwbs †`qv,

64-c„ôv
 B-cvidig¨vÝ GcÖvBRvjÑ Bbdi‡gkb †UK‡bvjwR‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q Kg©x‡`i cvidig¨vÝ hvPvB Kiv,
B-Kg‡cb‡mkbÑ B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z Kg©x‡`i †eZb †`Iqv,
B-A¨v‡mm‡g›UÑ B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z A¨v‡mm‡g›U Kiv|

B-GBPAviGg †K‡bv `iKvi?

Kg©x Ges AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi g‡a¨ GK bZzb ai‡bi e¨e¯’vcbv m„wó K‡i B-GBPAviGg| G‡Z AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi
Dc‡hvwMZv e„w× cvq Ges LiPI K‡g| Gi AwZ mvaviY GKwU D`vniY n‡”Q B-wiµzU‡g›U| cwÎKvi
weÁvc‡b cÖPzi UvKv LiP K‡i PvKwii weÁvcb †`qvi †P‡q AbjvB‡b PvKwii weÁvcb †`qv Avm‡jB cÖPzi
LiP Kgvq| B-GBPAviGg AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi g~j j¶¨ c~iY Kivi Rb¨ GKRb GBPAvi‡K mycwiKwíZ
K‡i †Zv‡j|

B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª cwiPvjbvq GBPAv‡ii 7wU `¶Zv

GBPAvi‡K Ggb GKRb wUg †cøqvi n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wZwb AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi g‡a¨ Òone team one
goalÓ w¯úwiU ˆZwi Ki‡Z m¶g nb|
wewfbœ BÛvw÷ª wb‡q kw³kvjx aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i B-Kgvm© B‡Kvwm‡÷g Kxfv‡e Pj‡Q Zv
†evSvi ¶gZv _vK‡Z n‡e|
`ªæZ e¨emvwqK wm×všÍ †bqvi ¶gZv _vK‡Z n‡e|
wVK mg‡q wVK gvbylwUi mv‡_ wVKfv‡e †hvMv‡hvM i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZwU e¨emvwqK Kv‡R Dcw¯’Z eyw×i cwiPq w`‡Z n‡e|
†h‡Kv‡bv cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi gvbwmKZv _vK‡Z n‡e|
†Kv‡bv NUbv wek`fv‡e wewfbœ A¨v‡½j †_‡K ch©v‡jvPbvi ¶gZv _vK‡Z n‡e|

†h 6wU K_v GKRb GBPAvi‡K g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e

Kg©x‡`i cÖPzi A¨vwcÖwk‡qkb w`‡Z n‡e|
µgvMZ wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
K¨vwiqvi †W‡fjc‡g‡›Ui e¨vcv‡i g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z n‡e| KviY, GUv GKRb GBPAv‡ii g~j PvweKvwV|
†Kv‡bv cÖKvi cÖwk¶Y Ges Ab †evW© wgwUs Gwo‡q †M‡j Pj‡e bv|
ïay wmwf †`Lvi g‡a¨B †hb AwfÁZv AvU‡K bv _v‡K|
wUg †g¤^vi‡`i Kv‡R Z…wß †c‡Z PvB‡j wUg †g¤^vi‡KI †m ai‡bi Z…wß`vqK cwi‡ek w`‡Z n‡e|

Kxfv‡e GKRb fv‡jv GBPAvi n‡q DVv hvq?

mycwiKwíZ n‡Z n‡e|
hviv eo eo AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi GBPAvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i, Zv‡`i‡K †mB †Kv¤úvwbi j¶¨ m¤ú‡K©
Rvb‡Z n‡e Ges †m Abyhvqx mv‡cvU© w`‡Z n‡e|
†hvMv‡hv‡M `¶ n‡q DV‡Z n‡e|

c„ôv- 65
 bZzb wRwbm †kLvi AvMÖn _vK‡Z n‡e|
†h‡Kv‡bv wel‡q †d¬w·ej n‡Z n‡e|
†Kv‡bv e¨vcv‡i GK¸u‡q n‡j Pj‡e bv, cwieZ©‡b wek¦vmx n‡Z n‡e|
MwY‡Z Ges wnmvewe`¨vq cvi`k©x n‡Z n‡e|

fv‡jv GBPAv‡ii ¸Yvewj

mymsMwVZ,
ˆbwZK ¸Yvewjm¤úbœ,
†hvMv‡hv‡M `¶Zv,
mgm¨v mgvavb Kivi Ávb,
†bZ…Z¡ cÖ`v‡bi ¶gZv|

GKRb fv‡jv GBPAvi Kx Kx `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb

Ggcøwq‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK©, †c‡ivj, AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi myweav-Amyweavmg~n Ges cÖwk¶‡Yi welqvw`
n¨v‡Ûj Ki‡eb|
GBPAvi msµvšÍ hveZxq cø¨vb ˆZwi Ki‡eb|
AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi wewfbœ cÖkvmwbK KvRKg© m¤úbœ Ki‡eb|
Kg©x‡`i `vwqZ¡ ZË¡veavb Ki‡eb|
Gw·wKDwUf‡`i mv‡_ wewfbœ e¨vcv‡i cwiKíbv Ki‡eb|
AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi Kg©x‡`i e¨e¯’vcbv msµvšÍ †mev †`‡eb|

66-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-15

B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³vi evRvi we‡kølY I cY¨

evQvB
GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
Kx cY¨ ev †mev wb‡q GKRb D‡`¨v³v e¨emv ïiæ Ki‡eb †mB wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv|
evQvBK…Z cY¨ ev †mevi m¤¢ve¨ evRvi wbY©q Kivi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Ávbjvf|
evRvi we‡kølY Ges cY¨ evQvB Kx K‡i GKwU e¨emv‡K jvfRbK e¨emvq cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv wb‡q
wek` Av‡jvPbv|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o Rvb‡eb

AbjvB‡b c‡Y¨i evRvi Kxfv‡e we‡kølY Ki‡Z nq|
AbjvB‡b weR‡b‡mi Rb¨ Dchy³ cY¨ Kxfv‡e evQvB Ki‡Z nq|

D‡`¨v³v‡`i evRvi we‡kølY

e¨emvi Rb¨ Kx `iKvi? wbðqB GKwU weR‡bm cø¨vb| Avi myôz GKwU weR‡bm cø¨v‡bi Rb¨ Kx `iKvi?
Aek¨B evRviwelqK Z_¨| GB †h Z‡_¨i K_v ejwQ, GB Z_¨ Avcwb AvKvk †_‡K cv‡eb bv| ZvB
Avcbv‡K wVKVvK gv‡K©U A¨vbvjvBwmm Ki‡Z n‡e| GB gv‡K©U A¨vbvjvBwmm‡KB evsjvq evRvi we‡kølY
ejv n‡”Q| B-Kgv‡m©i †¶‡Î myweav n‡”Q, Avcwb evRv‡i bv wM‡qI A‡bK mgq B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K wewfbœ Z_¨
cv‡eb| Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb †Kvb B-Kgvm© mvB‡U †Kvb c‡Y¨i KZ MÖvnK| hw`I GB wd«‡Z cvIqv Z_¨-DcvË

c„ôv- 67
 memgq mwVK nq bv, ZeyI GB Z‡_¨i gva¨‡g Avcwb †µZvi PvIqv-cvIqv, evRvi cÖeYZv cÖf…wZ eyS‡Z
cvi‡eb| evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U `yB ai‡bi D‡`¨v³v †`Lv hvq|

cY¨ Drcv`K
whwb wb‡Ri cY¨ wb‡RB Drcv`b Ki‡Qb Ges cvkvcvwk B-Kgv‡m©i gva¨‡g cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Qb|

B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³v
whwb mivmwi cY¨ Drcv`b bv K‡i Ab¨ Drcv`bKvix‡`i KvQ †_‡K cY¨ msMÖn K‡i wewµ K‡ib| †f‡e
ejyb †Zv! cÖ_g D‡`¨v³vi Rb¨ evRvi †_‡K cY¨ evQvB wK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©? Aek¨B bv| KviY wZwb †Zv wb‡Ri
ˆZwi cY¨ wb‡RB wewµ Ki‡Qb| wKš‘ Zvi Rb¨ evRvi we‡kølY wKš‘ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| a‡i wbjvg, D‡`¨v³v e¨vM
evwb‡q wewµ Ki‡Qb| wKš‘ wZwb GKvB †Zv e¨vM wewµ Ki‡Qb bv| Zvi g‡Zv AviI D‡`¨v³v Av‡Qb hviv
e¨vM evwb‡q wewµ Ki‡Qb| Zvi evRvi we‡køl‡Yi g~j j¶¨ n‡e ZviB g‡Zv e¨vM Drcv`K D‡`¨v³v‡`i
Lyu‡R †ei Kiv, Zviv Kx ai‡bi e¨vM evbv‡”Qb, †mB e¨v‡Mi †KvqvwjwU †Kgb, AviI Kxfv‡e gvb Dbœqb
Kiv hvq, †µZviv KZ `v‡g e¨vM wKb‡Z B”QyK! GBme wKQyB D‡`¨v³v Lyu‡R cv‡eb evRvi we‡kølY †_‡K|
G †Mj cÖ_g D‡`¨v³vi K_v|
wØZxq D‡`¨v³vi †¶‡Î evRvi we‡kølY ev cY¨ evQvB `y‡UvB Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| KviY GB D‡`¨v³vi wb‡Ri
ˆZwi cY¨ †bB| Zv‡K A‡b¨i ˆZwi †cÖvWv± †mvwm©s Ki‡Z n‡e| †m‡¶‡Î Zv‡K †f‡ewP‡šÍ Ggb †cÖvWv±
msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e, hv PjwZ †Uª‡Ûi mv‡_ hvq, †µZv †hme cY¨ Anin wKb‡eb| w`b‡k‡l cY¨ wewµ bv
n‡j e¨emv wUK‡e bv| wKš‘ GB cY¨ evQvB Ki‡Z wM‡q Zv‡K me‡P‡q eo gv‡ci GKwU evRvi we‡kølY
Ki‡Z n‡e| †hLv‡b cÖ_g D‡`¨v³v †Kej e¨vM wb‡q evRvi we‡kølY K‡iwQ‡jb †mLv‡b wØZxq D‡`¨v³v‡K
cÖ_g av‡c me cY¨ wb‡q GKwU evRvi we‡kølY K‡i wVK Ki‡Z n‡e wZwb †Kvb cY¨ wb‡q e¨emv Ki‡Z Pvb|
Gici Zv‡K †mB cY¨ wb‡q evRvi we‡kølY Ki‡Z gv‡V bvg‡Z n‡e| †mB c‡Y¨i †µZv Kviv n‡eb, †µZviv
KZ `v‡g †mB cY¨ wKb‡Z ivwR _vK‡eb, m‡e©v”P gvb wbwðZ K‡i KZ Kg `v‡gi g‡a¨ cY¨ †µZvi Kv‡Q
†cuŠQv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i GBme wb‡q GKwU evRvi M‡elYv Ki‡Z n‡e| Gic‡iB bv AbjvBb weR‡b‡m bvgv!
Avcwb hw` fv‡eb †Kv‡bv evRvi we‡kølY QvovB Lvwj B-Kgvm© mvBU Ly‡j e¨emv Ki‡Z †b‡g hv‡eb! Z‡e
Avcwb †evKvi ¯^‡M© evm Ki‡Qb| GKwU e¨emv‡K jvfevb Ki‡Z n‡j GKRb D‡`¨v³v‡K LyeB fv‡jvfv‡e
cwiKíbv K‡i gv‡V bvg‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB †h, GB myôz cwiKíbvi Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask n‡jv
evRvi we‡kølY|

evRvi we‡køl‡Yi mgq Kx Kx wel‡q †Lqvj ivLv DwPZ ?

cY¨
Kx ai‡bi cY¨/†mev wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb? evRviÑ Avcbvi evQvBK…Z c‡Y¨i evRvi wK G‡Kev‡iB
mxwgZ? bvwK D`xqgvb? bvwK GKwU wbk gv‡K©U?

cÖwZØ›Øx
†Kvb †Kvb e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb GKB ai‡bi cY¨ wb‡q evRv‡i KvR Ki‡Qb ? Zviv Kx `v‡g cY¨ wewµ
Ki‡Qb ? Zv‡`i †mevi gvb †Kgb, †mme wel‡q j¶ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi hw` †Kv‡bv cÖwZØ›Øx bv _v‡Kb,
Zvn‡j Lyu‡R †ei Kiæb †K‡bv †bB? †K‡bv †KD †mB cY¨ ev †mev wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z AvMÖnx bb?

68-c„ôv
c‡Y¨i we‡kl ¸Yvewj
†h cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb Zvi Kx Kx we‡kl ¸Yvewj Av‡Q hv Avcbvi cÖwZØ›Øx cÖwZôv‡bi wewµ Kiv
c‡Y¨ †bB? Avi hw` cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Ggb ai‡bi cY¨ evRv‡i Av‡bb Z‡e Lyu‡R †ei Kiæb Kx †mB we‡kl
¸Yvewj hv Avcbvi cY¨‡K cÖwZØ›Øxi cY¨ †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i|

AwZwi³ †mev
A‡bK †¶‡Î GKB cY¨ wewµ Kiv n‡jI wfbœ †mevi gvb †µZv‡K AvK…ó ivL‡Z cv‡i| aiæb wU-kvU© wewµ
Ki‡Q wZbwU cÖwZôvb| wKš‘ GKwU cÖwZôvb Kv÷gvBRW wU-kvU© evwb‡q †`qvi e¨e¯’v †i‡L‡Q| Ab¨ `yB
cÖwZôvb Zv K‡iwb| †`Lv hv‡e †µZv Kv÷gvBRW wU-kvU© we‡µZvi Kv‡QB evievi wU-kvU© wKb‡eb| ïay
AwZwi³ GKwU †mev w`‡qB GKUv e¨emvi †fvj cv‡ë †h‡Z cv‡i|

c‡Y¨i `vg
AbjvB‡b †µZvi Kv‡Q c‡Y¨i `vg †Kgb ivL‡Z n‡e? B-Kgv‡m©i †¶‡Î †h welqwU gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e,
GLv‡b AbjvB‡b †µZvi Kv‡Q Kzwiqvi ev wbR¯^ †Wwjfvwii gva¨‡g cY¨ †cÖiY Kiv nq| ZvB †Wwjfvwi
LiP, gv‡K©wUs Ges Ab¨vb¨ Avbylw½K LiP ev` w`‡q jvf wbwðZ K‡i c‡Y¨i `vg wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|

†µZv‡K Rvbv
m¤¢ve¨ †µZv‡K hZUzKz m¤¢e Rvbvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î †h welq¸‡jv Rvbvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e Zv n‡”QÑ
†µZvi eqm,
†µZvi msL¨v,
wj½,
AvqÑ Zv‡`i Av‡qi Drm Ges gvwmK Av‡qi cwigvY,
weevwnZ bvwK AweevwnZ,
cvwievwiK Ae¯’v,
wk¶v,
evm¯’vb,
Zviv Kxfv‡e hvZvqvZ K‡ib,
Zviv †Kv_v †_‡K †KbvKvUv K‡i _v‡Kb,
Zv‡`i kL Ges AvMÖn Kx,
Zviv †Kv_vq †Kv_vq Nyi‡Z hvb,
Zviv †Kv_vq †Kv_vq QywU KvUvb,
fve‡Qb †µZv‡`i Nyi‡Z hvIqv, QywU KvUvi g‡Zv e¨w³MZ wel‡q †R‡b Avcwb Kx Ki‡eb! wKš‘ GBme Z_¨
Avcbv‡K wecYb †KŠkj wVK Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| nqZ Zv‡`i cQ›`mB RvqMvq hvIqvi Rb¨ Avcwb
Avcbvi c‡Y¨i mv‡_ Qvo w`‡q K¨v‡¤úBb Pvjv‡Z cv‡ib| †hgbÑ AgyK mvBU †_‡K IB †cÖvWv± wKb‡j
K·evRv‡i `yB w`b GK ivZ KvUv‡bv‡Z 50 kZvsk Qvo| Z_¨ n‡”Q e¨emvi g~j PvwjKvkw³! ZvB †Kv‡bv
cÖKvi Z_¨ ev Bbdi‡gkb‡K Ae‡njv bq!

cY¨ evQvB
hviv B-Kgvm© e¨emv ïiæ Ki‡Z hv‡”Qb Zv‡`i Rb¨ cY¨ evQvB LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vcvi| †µZvi Pvwn`v,

c„ôv- 69
 evRvi Ges m‡e©vcwi wb‡Ri mvg_©¨ we‡ePbv K‡i LyeB mveav‡b GKRb D‡`¨v³v‡K Zvi B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui
Rb¨ cY¨ evQvB Ki‡Z n‡e| Avcwb Avcbvi B-Kgv‡m©i Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi cY¨ evQvB Ki‡eb Zv Lyu‡R †ei
Kivi K‡qKwU wbqg GLv‡b †`qv n‡jvÑ

wKIqvW© wimv‡P©i gva¨‡g ïiæ Kiæb cY¨ †LuvRv

nv‡Z ¯§vU©‡dvb Av‡Q? A_ev †Uwe‡j GKUv wcwm Av‡Q? †PvL eÜ K‡i Avcbvi cQ›`mB †cÖvWv‡±i bvg mvP©
Kiæb| mvP© Bwćb mvwi mvwi I‡qe †cR cv‡eb| GB I‡qe‡cR¸‡jvi gva¨‡g †Kvb ai‡bi c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v
Av‡Q Zv m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv AvBwWqv cvIqv hv‡e|
mvP© Bwćbi †¶‡Î ÔAM©vwbK mvP© Uª¨vwdKÕ AbjvBb gv‡K©wUs‡qi Rb¨ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU P¨v‡bj|
AM©vwbK mvP© Uª¨vwdK Avcbv‡K Rvbvb †`q †h, KZ msL¨K gvbyl Avcbvi mvB‡U ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e G‡m‡Q|
g‡b ivL‡eb, †cBW weÁvc‡b wK¬K K‡i wKsev Ab¨ †idv‡iÝ mvBU †_‡K Avcbvi mvB‡U G‡j †mUv AM©vwbK
mvP© Uª¨vwdK bq| †mUv †cBW Uª¨vwdK| gvby‡li ¯^Ztù~Z© mvwP©s‡qi d‡j Zviv hLb †Kv‡bv I‡qemvB‡U hvq
†mUvB AM©vwbK mvP© Uª¨vwdK|
ZvB AM©vwbK mvP© Uª¨vwdK †_‡K Lye mn‡R Rvbv hvq GKwU wbw`©ó cY¨ mvP© w`‡Z †M‡j BDRvi Kx Kx ai‡bi
wKIqvW© e¨envi K‡ib| cÖwZwU wKIqv‡W©i mv‡P©i fwjDg, IB cY¨‡K wb‡q †jv‡K Avi Kx Kx ai‡bi mvP©
†Kv‡qwi †LuvR Ki‡Q G mewKQyB Rvbv hvq GB AM©vwbK mvP© Uª¨vwdK †_‡K| †gvÏv K_v, AbjvBb evRv‡ii
†µZv‡`i aib †evSv hvq GB P¨v‡bj †_‡K| Z‡e G KvRwU Ki‡Z n‡j wKIqvW© wimvP© Ges GmBI m¤ú‡K©
fv‡jv aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e|

fv‡jv eª¨vÛ ˆZwi Kiv

KvRUv KwVb! wKš‘ `xN© Aa¨emvq Avi m„RbkxjZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q GKwU B-Kgvm© eª¨vÛ B‡gR ˆZwi Kiv
hvq| D`vniY wn‡m‡e Avgiv wWeª¨vÛ WUKg bvgK B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi K_v ej‡Z cvwi| Giv ¯§vU©‡dvb,
j¨vcUc, †Mg K‡Ýv‡ji Rb¨ my›`i wWRvB‡bi w¯Œb cÖ¯‘Z K‡i _v‡K| GK eQ‡ii wKQy †ewk mg‡qi g‡a¨
cÖwZôvbwU Zv‡`i c‡Y¨i Rb¨ `viæY GKwU Kv÷gvi MÖæc ˆZwi Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i †dmeyK d¨v‡bi
msL¨v 64 nvRvi| cÖwZôvbwU Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K MÖvn‡Ki mv‡_ wbqwgZ AbjvBb mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g
†dmeyK, UzBUv‡i †hvMv‡hvM K‡i _v‡K Ges Gfv‡e wWeª¨vÛ GKwU eª¨vÛ wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|
Avcwb eª¨vÛ mybvg `yBfv‡e Mo‡Z cv‡ib| GKwU Avcbvi c‡Y¨i gvb w`‡q, Ab¨wU Avcbvi e¨emvi †KŠkj
w`‡q| hviv GKB mv‡_ cY¨ Drcv`K Ges B-Kgvm© e¨emvqx Zviv Zv‡`i cY¨ w`‡q eª¨vÛ B‡gR ˆZwi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| †hgb wWeª¨v‡Ûi K_v ejjvg|
wKš‘ †µZv/MÖvnK †mev, mgqg‡Zv MÖn‡Ki cQ‡›`i cY¨ mieivn, mgq e¨e¯’vcbv, me ai‡bi c‡Y¨i gRy`
_vKv, †µZvi digv‡q‡ki wfwˇZ cY¨ wb‡q Avmvi djvdj wn‡m‡e GKwU B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui eª¨vÛ `uvwo‡q
†h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb `vivR| `vivR B-Kgvm© mvB‡U cÖvq me ai‡bi cY¨ cvIqv hvq Ges Zv‡`i †Wwjfvi
cÖ‡mmI wbf©i‡hvM¨| ZvB `vivR B-Kgvm© mvBUwU wb‡RB GKwU eª¨vÛ wn‡m‡e †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q mgv`i cvq|

†µZvi mgm¨v †evSv

†µZv Pvb Avcwb Zvi mgm¨v eySyb| wZwb Kx Pvb †mUv Lyu‡R †ei Kiæb| Avi †mB Abyhvqx Zv‡K cY¨
ev †mev w`b| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k AbjvBb evRv‡ii GKvsk Ry‡o i‡q‡Q wewfbœ gyw` cY¨ †ePv‡Kbv|
evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Gme cY¨ cvovi †`vKvb ev evRvi †_‡K †Kbvi Af¨vmB i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ cÖPÐ Mi‡g
evRv‡i wM‡q †KbvKvUv Kiv LyeB Sv‡gjvi| A‡bK‡K Avevi Awdm †_‡K †divi c‡_ evRvi Ki‡Z nq|

70-c„ôv
Uª¨vwdK R¨v‡g Amn¨ Mi‡g NÈvi ci NÈv iv¯Ívq KvwU‡q evmvq †cuŠQv‡Z A‡b‡K K¬všÍ n‡q c‡ob| Zviv hw`
†h‡Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b e‡m †dv‡bi gva¨‡gB GB evRvi †m‡i †dj‡Z cv‡ib Zvn‡j Zv‡`i Avi `y‡f©vM †cvnv‡Z
nq bv| Avi GB wPšÍv‡K †dvKvm K‡iB wKš‘ AbjvB‡b GLb Pvj, Wvj, kvKmewR me cvIqv hvq| gRvi
e¨vcvi n‡”Q, Av‡M wfo †V‡j e¨vM nv‡Z evRvi Kiv †jvKRbI GLb wbf©ikxj n‡q co‡Qb GB AbjvBb
†MÖvmvwi k‡ci Dci| Gfv‡eB wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb cY¨ ev †mev w`‡q B-Kgvm© e¨emv
ïiæ Kiv DwPZ| GKmgq gvbyl Aviv‡gi Rb¨ †mB cY¨ ev †mev‡Z Af¨¯Í n‡q co‡eb|

†µZvi AbyivM I cQ›`

B-Kgvm© e¨emvqx gvÎB †µZvi fv‡jvjvMv, AbyivM I cQ›` eyS‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑ A‡bK gvby‡li A‡bK
ai‡bi kL _v‡K| Avcwb ïay Zv‡`i k‡Li Dc‡i wfwË K‡iI B-Kgv‡m©i cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G
ai‡bi c‡Y¨i me‡P‡q eo myweav n‡”Q GKRb gvbyl †h wRwbm cQ›` K‡ib †mUvi †cQ‡b wZwb LiP
Ki‡eb| ZvB D‡`¨v³v‡`i wb‡R‡`i Kv‡Ri cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv Ges AbyivM e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ GKwU eo cyuwR|
Kvc©Y¨ K‡i bq| gvby‡li GB AvPiY n‡”Q Av‡eM| †hgbÑ Kv‡iv hw` evMvb Kivi kL _v‡K Zvn‡j wZwb
†mB evMv‡bi wcQ‡b A‡bK mgq †`‡eb Ges UvKv LiP Ki‡eb| ûU K‡i B-Kgvm© mvB‡U evMv‡bi Kv‡R
cÖ‡qvRbxq †Kv‡bv AvKl©Yxq wRwbm †`L‡Z †c‡j †mUv wKb‡Z GK wgwbUI A‡cÿv Ki‡eb bv| ZvB
G ai‡bi †µZvi Rb¨ c‡Y¨i fv‡jv evRvi Av‡Q| G‡¶‡Î GKgvÎ P¨v‡jÄ n‡”Q B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³v‡K
†µZv‡`i †mB cQ›`, fv‡jvjvMv, AbyivM ev fv‡jvevmvi RvqMvUv eyS‡Z n‡e Ges †m Abyhvqx †mev w`‡Z
n‡e| ZvB G ai‡bi †µZvi Rb¨ c‡Y¨i fv‡jv evRvi Av‡Q| G‡¶‡Î GKgvÎ P¨v‡jÄ n‡”Q B-Kgvm©
D‡`¨v³v‡K †µZv‡`i †mB c¨vkb ev fv‡jvevmvi RvqMvUv eyS‡Z n‡e Ges †mB Abyhvqx †mev w`‡Z n‡e|

D‡`¨v³vi wb‡Ri AbyivM ev fv‡jvevmv‡K cyuwR Kiv

†µZvi fv‡jvevmv/Av‡eM ey‡S c‡Y¨i evRvi ai‡jb| wKš‘ e¨emv‡qi cÖwZ wb‡R‡`i fv‡jvevmv Av‡Q †Zv?
Avcbvi gvbwmK Uvb ev `ye©jZv †bB Ggb †Kv‡bv Kv‡R Avcwb †hvM w`‡j †mB Kv‡R mdj n‡Z cvi‡eb
bv| hZB evRvi M‡elYv, we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g cY¨ wbe©vPb Kiæb wKsev †Rvi`vi wecYb Kiæb; hw` IB Kv‡R
Avcbvi Uvb bv _v‡K Z‡e GKmgq K¬vwšÍ Avcbv‡K wM‡j Lv‡e| ZvB e¨emvi cÖwZ AbyivM a‡i ivLvUv
GKRb D‡`¨v³vi Rb¨ LyeB SzuwKc~Y© KvR| GKUv e¨emv Ki‡Z †M‡j bvbv mvgvwRK I A_©ˆbwZK evav
Avm‡Z cv‡i| ïay AbyivM w`‡qB e¨emvwqK me cÖwZeÜKZv Rq Kiv m¤¢e| ZvB D‡`¨v³v‡`i wb‡R‡`i
Kv‡Ri cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv Ges AbyivM e¨emvi Rb¨ GKwU eo cyuwR|

wbk gv‡K©U
wbk gv‡K©U cY¨ evQvB‡qi †¶‡Î GKwU fv‡jv cš’v| AbjvB‡bi †Kv‡bv D‡`¨v³v A‡bK ai‡bi d¨vkb
cY¨ wewµ K‡i Ae‡k‡l hw` wVK K‡ib wZwb †Kej cuvP †_‡K `k eQi eqmx ev”Pv‡`i d¨vkb wb‡q
KvR Ki‡eb| †mB †¶‡Î GwU GKwU wbk gv‡K©U| hy³ivóªwfwËK e‡bvem (bonobos.com) AbjvB‡b
cyiæl‡`i kvU©-c¨v›U wewµ K‡i _v‡K| GB cÖwZôvbwU we‡kl wWRvB‡b c¨v›U cÖ¯‘Z K‡i _v‡K| e‡bve‡mi
c¨v‡›Ui I‡q÷jvBb mvavi‡Yi PvB‡Z GKUz euvKv‡bv _v‡K| g~jZ †Kvg‡ii AvKv‡ii K_v gv_vq †i‡LB GB
wWRvBb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi we‡kl bKkvi c¨v›U Ges kv‡U©i Rb¨B e‡bvem †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q RbwcÖq|
GQvov cÖwZôvbwU Zv‡`i I‡qemvB‡U GKRb †µZv Kxfv‡e Zvi gv‡ci c¨v›U wKb‡Z cvi‡eb †m e¨e¯’vI
Av‡Q| Zv‡`i cY¨ hv‡Z †µZv Av‡iv fv‡jvfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib †m Rb¨ e‡bve‡mi wbR¯^ eøM Av‡Q|
GB eø‡M Kvco Kxfv‡e cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq, Kx ai‡bi †cvkv‡Ki mv‡_ Kx ai‡bi d¨vkb Abyl½ gvbvq BZ¨vw`
bvbv wel‡q †cv÷ †`qv i‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e e‡bvem cyiæl‡`i d¨vkb gv‡K©‡U GKwU wbk M‡o Zz‡j‡Q|

c„ôv- 71
Aa¨vq-16

†Uª‡Ûi Dc‡i wfwË K‡i cY¨ wewµ Kiv

d¨vkb, cÖhyw³ ev Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv †¶‡Î me©‡kl Kx †UªÛ Pj‡Q ev mvg‡b Kx ai‡bi †UªÛ Avm‡Z cv‡i Zvi
Dc‡i wfwË K‡i B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³v cY¨ evQvB K‡i AbjvB‡b wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GB Rb¨ D‡`¨v³v‡K
A‡bK †ewk †UªwÛ g¨vMvwRb wKsev eø‡Mi mv‡_ Avc‡WU _vK‡Z n‡e| PjwZ we‡k¦ †Kvb †`‡k Kx ai‡bi cY¨
Pj‡Q †m wel‡q AeMZ _vK‡Z n‡e| †gvU K_v D‡`¨v³v‡K `~i`k©x n‡Z n‡e| Gm‡ei c‡iI cY¨ evQvB‡qi
†¶‡Î †hme e¨vcvi gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡eÑ

c‡Y¨i msL¨v
D‡`¨v³v wK GKmv‡_ GKwU cY¨ wb‡q KvR Ki‡eb bvwK G‡Ki AwaK cY¨ wb‡q KvR Ki‡eb?

c‡Y¨i aib
D‡`¨v³v Zvi B-Kgvm© mvB‡U `vwg cY¨ bv Kg `vwg cY¨ wewµ Ki‡eb? evsjv‡`‡ki B-Kgvm© †m±‡ii
eZ©gvb †cÖ¶vc‡U `vwg c‡Y¨i (†hgbÑ wd«R, wUwf, fv‡jv eª¨v‡Ûi ¯§vU©‡dvb, dvwb©Pvi) †ek fv‡jv evRvi
Pj‡Q| Z‡e G ai‡bi c‡Y¨i †¶‡Î c‡Y¨i ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZKi‡Yi cvkvcvwk cY¨ †Wwjfvwii wel‡q
mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e|

72-c„ôv
†c‡g›U Ackb
Kxfv‡e c‡Y¨i †c‡g›U Kiv n‡e †mUvI wKš‘ c‡Y¨i ai‡bi Dc‡i wbf©i K‡i| †hgbÑ AbjvB‡b `vwg cY¨
†ePv‡Kbvi †¶‡Î K¨vk-Ab-†Wwjfvwi LyeB SzuwKc~Y©| KviY A‡bK eo As‡Ki UvKv wb‡q Kvievwi Ki‡Z
nq| G‡¶‡Î Kv‡W© †c‡g›U me‡P‡q wbivc`| D‡`¨v³v‡K Zvi I‡qemvB‡U Kv‡W© hv‡Z wbivc‡` Ges `ªæZ
†jb‡`b Kiv hvq †m e¨vcviwU wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi PvB‡Z A‡bK `~‡ii GjvKvq
cY¨ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z Kzwiqv‡ii mvnvh¨ wb‡Z nq| †m‡¶‡Î K¨vk-Ab-†Wwjfvwi Kv‡R Av‡m bv| Gme †¶‡Î
†µZv/MÖvn‡Ki cY¨ digv‡q‡ki mgq g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³v PvB‡j eywKs gvwbi
e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z cv‡ib| A_©vr c‡Y¨i digv‡q‡ki mgq †µZv 50 kZvsk g~j¨ AvMvg cwi‡kva Ki‡eb| Avi
cY¨ mieiv‡ni ci evwK 50 kZvsk cwi‡kva Ki‡eb|

c‡Y¨i gvb wbwðZ Kiv

AbjvB‡b cY¨ †Kbvi †¶‡Î c‡Y¨i ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZ Kiv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| KviY GLv‡b wKš‘ †µZv cY¨
nv‡Z Qyu‡q †`L‡Qb bv wKsev we‡µZv‡KI †`L‡Qb bv| ZvB GLv‡b wek¦vmUvB g~j| †µZv hw` wbgœgv‡bi
cY¨ cvb Z‡e wZwb Avi cieZ©x‡Z AbjvB‡b cY¨ wKb‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Drmvn cv‡eb bv|

cY¨ c¨vwKs Ges †Wwjfvwi

†Wwjfvwi LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vcvi| †h Kzwiqvi cÖwZôvb †Wwjfvwi †`‡e Zv‡`i‡KI cY¨ †Wwjfvwi †`qvi
e¨vcv‡i mZK© n‡Z n‡e| `vwg cY¨ n‡j Zv‡`i‡K h‡Zœi mv‡_ n¨v‡Ûwjs Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` †µZvi nv‡Z
¶wZMÖ¯Í cY¨ †cuŠQvq Zv †gv‡UI fv‡jv n‡e bv| Avi GLv‡bB P‡j Av‡m c‡Y¨i c¨vwKs‡qi e¨vcvi| c¨vwKs
LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| k³‡cv³ fv‡jv gv‡bi c¨vwKs cY¨‡K A¶Z ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †µZv hv‡Z fv‡jv gv‡bi
cY¨ nv‡Z cvb †m e¨vcviwU memgq wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| bZzev †µZv AbjvB‡b †KbvKvUvq Av¯’v nviv‡eb|

†`‡k Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i †¶‡Î

B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³v‡K wm×všÍ wb‡Z n‡e †h wZwb wK cY¨ cvBKvwi we‡µZvi †_‡K wKb‡eb bvwK mivmwi
Drcv`K‡`i KvQ †_‡K wKb‡eb?

we‡`‡k Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i †¶‡Î

G‡¶‡ÎI B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³v‡K wm×všÍ wb‡Z n‡e †h cY¨ wK wZwb wb‡R Avg`vwb Ki‡eb bvwK Avg`vwbKviK‡`i
gva¨‡g Ki‡eb? ZvQvov A‡bK mgq †`wk cvBKvwi we‡µZviv we‡`wk cY¨ wb‡q Av‡mb| D‡`¨v³v Zv‡`i
†_‡KI we‡`wk cY¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cY¨ mvcøvB
†µZvi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cY¨ mieivn m¤¢e wKbv Zv Av‡MB wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e| aiv hvK, GKwU B-Kgvm©
cÖwZôvb †g‡q‡`i †cvkvK wewµ K‡i| C‡`i mg‡q †ewk AW©v‡ii K_v gv_vq †i‡L Aek¨B Zv‡K †ewk K‡i
cY¨ gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j †µZv mvB‡U G‡jI Zv‡K mwVK mg‡q †Wwjfvi †`qvi g‡Zv cY¨ _vK‡e
bv| ejvB evûj¨, Kv÷gvi mvB‡U G‡m Lvwj nv‡Z wd‡i †M‡j B-Kgv‡m©i cÖwZ AvMÖn nvwi‡q †dj‡eb|

c„ôv- 73
Aa¨vq-17

Bb‡f›Uwi Ges ÷K g¨v‡bR‡g›U

Bb‡f›Uwi g¨v‡bR‡g›U Ges ÷K g¨v‡bR‡g›U ej‡Z Avgiv †evSvB †Kv¤úvwbi wewfbœ wRwbmcÎ, m¤úwË,
gvjvgvj cÖf…wZ gRy` ivLvi e¨e¯’vcbv| mvcøvB †PBb g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K n‡”Q gvjvgvj
gRy` ivLv| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q AW©viK…Z gvjcÎ wbqš¿Y Kiv, gRy` Kiv, gvjvgvj †_‡K AW©viK…Z gvjvgvj
Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv, wewµi Rb¨ KZUzKz cY¨ jvM‡e Zv wba©viY Kiv| B-Kgvm© e¨emv gvjvgvj gRy`
ivLv cÖPwjZ e¨emvi PvB‡Z wKQyUv Avjv`v| Av‡MB Avgiv c‡o G‡mwQ, Wªc wkwcs †g_‡W †Kv‡bv cY¨
÷K ev gRy` ivL‡Z nq bv| hLb AW©vi Av‡m ZLbB †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K cY¨wU wb‡q Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q
†`qv nq|

B-Kgvm© e¨emvi †¶‡Î Bb‡f›Uwi g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui wKQy cÖ‡qvRbxq welq

B-Kgvm© weR‡b‡mi †¶‡Î gvjvgvj gRy` Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i cÖ_‡gB †h welqwU gv_vq Av‡m Zv n‡”Q
KZUzKz gvjvgvj gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e?
KZUzKz gvjvgvj gRy` Kiv DwPZ Zv c~‡e©B wba©viY Kiv LyeB KwVb| hw` Lye Kg gvjvgvj gRy` iv‡Lb, Z‡e
†`L‡eb Kv÷gvi AW©vi w`‡q wVK mg‡q cY¨ cv‡”Qb bv Ges Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi cÖwZ wegyL n‡”Qb| Avevi
hw` †ewk gvjvgvj iv‡Lb, Zvn‡j †`L‡eb eû gvjvgvj c‡o i‡q‡Q| A‡bK ai‡bi cY¨ Av‡Q †h¸‡jv
wbw`©ó mg‡qi c‡i Kvh©KvwiZv nvivq| ZvB GBme †¶‡Î gvjvgvj gRy` ivLv SzuwKc~Y©| 46 kZvsk e¨emvqx
GB gvjvgvj gRy‡`i Rb¨ wbf©i K‡ib †kl gv‡mi wewµi Dci|

74-c„ôv
†mdwU ÷K e‡j GKwU dg©yjv Av‡Q, hv Avcbv‡K wbivc` msL¨K gvjvgvj gRy` Ki‡Z wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z
cv‡i| †mdwU ÷K †ei Ki‡Z n‡j cÖwZw`b Avcbvi m‡e©v”P KZ gvjvgvj e¨eüZ nq †mwU‡K Avcbvi
cÖwZw`‡bi m‡e©v”P wjW mg‡qi mv‡_ ¸Y w`‡Z n‡e| Gici GKBfv‡e M‡o Avcbvi cÖwZw`‡bi e¨eüZ
gvjvgv‡ji cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ cÖwZw`‡bi Mo wjW mgq‡K ¸Y w`‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g ¸Ydj †_‡K wØZxq ¸Ydj
we‡qvM w`‡jB P‡j Avm‡e Avcbvi †mdwU ÷K ev wbivc` gRy‡`i cwigvY| wb‡Pi Qwe‡Z cy‡iv dg©yjvwU
†`qv n‡jvÑ
wjW UvB‡gi welqwU GKUz eywS‡q ejv hvK| a‡ib, Avcwb Avcbvi †÷v‡i m‡e©v”P 20wU w_ªwcm gRy`
K‡i iv‡Lb| GLb Avcbvi wewµ n‡Z n‡Z 15wU w_ªwcm wewµ n‡q †Mj| Gi gv‡b Avcbvi Kv‡Q AviI
5wU w_ªwcm Av‡Q| Avcbv‡K m‡e©v”P gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e 20wU, †Kbbv 5wU w_ªwcm †h‡Kv‡bv gyn~‡Z© wewµ n‡q
÷K Lvwj n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ZLb Kv÷gvi G‡m wd‡i hv‡eb| †mwU Avcbvi e¨emvi Rb¨ ¶wZKi| ZLbB
Avcwb AW©vi Ki‡eb g¨vbyd¨vKPvivi ev †nvj‡mjvi‡K, hv‡Z Zviv 15wU w_ªwcm cvwV‡q †`q Avcbv‡K|
wKš‘ AW©vi †`qvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wK †cÖvWv± G‡m Avcbvi ÷K c~Y© Ki‡e? Aek¨B bv! GB †h †nvj‡mjvi ev
g¨vbyd¨vKPviv‡ii KvQ †_‡K AW©vi Avm‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó mgq jvM‡Q G‡KB wjW UvBg e‡j|
GLb Avcbvi e¨emvi †mdwU ÷K Kx K‡i †ei Ki‡eb Zv GKwU D`vniY w`‡q eySv‡bv hvK| Avcbvi
cÖwZw`b cÖvq 30wUi g‡Zv cY¨ M‡o wewµ nq| AW©vi Ki‡j †nvj‡mjvi ev g¨vbyd¨vKPviv‡ii KvQ †_‡K
gvj Avm‡Z M‡o 60 wgwbU (1 NÈv) mgq jv‡M| Z‡e A‡bK mgq wewfbœ Drme Dcj‡¶ Avcbvi m‡e©v”P
50wU cY¨ wewµ nIqvi †iKW© Av‡Q| Avevi Iw`‡K So ev`jvi w`‡b †cÖvWv± AW©vi Ki‡j g¨vbyd¨vKPvivi
ev †nvj‡mjvi †cÖvWv± cvVv‡Z 1 NÈvi RvqMvq 2 NÈvi g‡Zv mgq †bq| Zvi gv‡b `uvov‡”QÑ
Avcbvi m‡e©v”P e¨eüZ cY¨ 50wU,
Avcbvi M‡o e¨eüZ cY¨ 30wU,
Avcbvi m‡e©v”P wjW UvBg 120 wgwbU A_©vr 2 NÈv,
Avcbvi M‡o wjW UvBg 60 wgwbU A_©vr 1 NÈv,
ZvB Avcbvi c‡Y¨i †mdwU ÷K ev wbivc` gRy` nIqv DwPZ = (50 x 120-30 x 60)wU A_©vr 4200wU|
Gme †¶‡Î Avcbvi wbivc` gRy` nIqv DwPZ 4200wU| †h‡Kv‡bv G·wUªg wmPz‡qkb ev Riæwi Ae¯’vi
Rb¨ Av‡Mfv‡MB wbivc` gRy` ivLv Riæwi|

Avcbvi gvjvgv‡ji mwVK g~j¨ Kxfv‡e wbe©vPb Ki‡eb?

Avcwb memgqB Kg UvKv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z PvB‡eb| Z‡e memgq Kg UvKv †h mvkÖqx ZvI wKš‘ bq| aiæb,
100 cY¨ 3 UvKv w`‡q wKb‡j 300 UvKv co‡e| wKš‘ hLb GB c‡Y¨i msL¨vUv 1000 nq ZLb †nvj‡mjvi
Avcbv‡K 2 UvKvq cY¨wU w`‡Z cv‡i| †m‡¶‡Î 300 UvKvi cwie‡Z© 2000 UvKv LiP K‡i 1000 cY¨ †Kbv
mvkÖqx| GLv‡b Avcwb UvKv †ewk LiP Ki‡jI 33 kZvsk e¨q †mf Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb| A_©vr 100 K‡i 1000
†cÖvWv± wKb‡Z Avcbvi 3000 UvKv coZ, †mLv‡b 2000 UvKv co‡Q| ZvQvov Bb‡f›Uwi †KbvUvB g~j e¨q
bq| Gi mv‡_ gvjvgvj Avbv-†bqvi fvovI Av‡Q| a‡i wbjvg, 100 cY¨ Avb‡Z Avcbvi 100 UvKv jvM‡Q|
Avevi Avcwb 200 UvKv w`‡q 1000 cY¨B Avb‡Z cvi‡eb| hw` 10 evi K‡i wM‡q 1000 cY¨ wKb‡Z nq
Z‡e Avcbvi †gvU cwienb LiP 1000 UvKv co‡e| A_P Avcwb G‡Kev‡i 200 UvKv LiP K‡iB 1000 cY¨
wKb‡Z cvi‡Qb| A_©vr Avcwb cÖvq 800 UvKv cwienb fvov euvPv‡Z cvi‡Qb| ZvB Kg g~j¨ gv‡bB mvkÖqx bq|
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) e‡j GKwU wWwmkb Uzj Av‡Q, hv Avcbv‡K m‡e©v”P KZ gvjvgvj
wKb‡Z n‡e †mB wm×všÍ e‡j †`‡e! GKUz Av‡M Avcbv‡K wnmve †`Lv‡bv n‡jv †h, †Kvb †Kvb mg‡q †ewk

c„ôv- 75
msL¨K LiP KivUv mew`K w`‡q mvkÖqx| GLb Avcbv‡K GB wWwmkb Uz‡ji gva¨‡g e‡j †`e Avm‡j Avcbv‡K
m‡e©v”P KZ msL¨K LiP Ki‡Z n‡e! GLv‡b Q ej‡Z Avgiv eySwQ KZ cwigv‡Yi gvjvgvj wKb‡Z n‡e| D
ej‡Z †evSv hvq cÖwZ eQ‡i Avcbvi c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v KZUzK,z S n‡”Q AW©v‡ii Rb¨ K÷ Ges H n‡”Q cwienb
K÷| eQ‡i Avcwb cÖvq 2000 cY¨ wewµ K‡ib| cÖwZwU c‡Y¨i AW©vi K‡i Avcbvi ÷‡K Avb‡Z LiP nq
100 UvKv| cÖwZwU cY¨ cwien‡bi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K 2 UvKv LiP Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e Avcbvi GKev‡i KZ cY¨
AW©vi Kiv DwPZ Zv GLb Dc‡iv³ dg©j y v‡Z ewm‡q Avgiv Rvbe| √(2 x 2000 x 100)/2 = 447.21 ≈
448wU cY¨| A_©vr e¨q euvPv‡Z Avcbv‡K GKmv‡_ 448wU cY¨ AW©vi Ki‡Z n‡e|

bZzb gvjvgv‡ji Rb¨ wi-AW©vi Kiv

EOQ-Gi gva¨‡g Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvijvg Avgv‡`i KZUzKz cY¨ GKmv‡_ AW©vi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ Avcwb
Kx K‡i eyS‡eb GLb Avcbvi bZzb K‡i AW©vi Kivi mgq G‡m †M‡Q? †`Lyb, Avcwb hw` mg‡qi Av‡M
wi-AW©vi K‡i e‡mb, Z‡e gvjvgvj P‡j G‡j Avcbvi †mme ivLvi Rb¨ Ab¨Î RvqMv LyuR‡Z n‡e| Avevi
†ewk †`wi K‡i G‡j Kv÷gvi G‡m wd‡i hv‡eb cY¨ †bB e‡j| ZvB Avcbvi `iKvi wbw`©ó UvBgwU Rvbv,
KLb Avcwb cybivq AW©vi Ki‡eb| Gi Rb¨ Avcbvi gv_vq _vK‡Z n‡e wi-AW©vwis c‡q›U K¨vjKz‡jkb|
wjW UvBg Kx †mwU †mdwU ÷K †ei Kivi mgq e‡jwQ| Avi GKevi g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡Z PvB, †nvj‡mjvi
ev g¨vbyd¨vKPviv‡ii KvQ †_‡K Avcbvi Kv‡Q AW©vi P‡j Avmvi ga¨eZ©x mgq n‡”Q wjW UvBg| †mdwU
÷‡Ki mgqKvi msL¨v¸‡jv Avevi †bB| Avcbvi cÖwZw`b M‡o 30wU cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z nq| Avcbvi Kv‡Q
†nvj‡mjv‡ii †_‡K cY¨ Avm‡Z 1 NÈv ev 60 wgwbU jv‡M| A_©vr Avcbvi wjW UvBg 60 wgwbU Ges GB
gyn~‡Z© Avcbvi wbivc` gRy` Z_v †mdwU ÷K wn‡m‡e e¨vKAvc i‡q‡Q 4200wU cY¨| wi-AW©vi c‡q›U =
(60 wgwbU x 30wU cY¨) + 4200wU cY¨ = 6000wU cY¨| Avcbvi hLb 6000wU cY¨ K‡g hv‡e ZLb
Avcbv‡K cybivq gvjvgv‡ji Rb¨ wi-AW©vi Ki‡Z n‡e|

me‡k‡l Avcbvi gvjvgvj wewµ Ges wWw÷ªweDU Kiv

hw` Avcbvi GKvwaK †Wwjfvwi P¨v‡bj _v‡K Z‡e cÖwZwU P¨v‡b‡j gvjvgv‡ji wbivc` gRy` wbwðZ Ki‡Z
n‡e| Avcbvi AbjvB‡b hLb 5wU mvevb Av‡Q †`Lv‡”Q, Gi gv‡b Avcbvi Kv‡Q 5wU mvevb †hb _v‡K|
Ab¨_vq ÷‡K G‡fB‡jej †`Lv‡e bv|
Avcbvi Bb‡f›Uwi g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mdUIq¨viÑ
G‡·j,
¸Mj wkU,
wmGgGm,
Z‡e Gi cvkcvwk Avcwb Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ Avjv`v Bb‡f›Uwi g¨v‡bR‡g›U mdUIq¨vi evwb‡q wb‡Z
cv‡ib|

76-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-18

Avc‡mj I µm‡mj
GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
Avc‡mj Ges µm‡mj m¤ú‡K© Ávbjvf|
B-Kgvm© e¨emv‡Z Gi ¸iæZ¡ Ges cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

Avc‡mj Ges µm‡mj Avm‡j Kx?
B-Kgv‡m© Avc‡mj Ges µm‡m‡ji ¸iæZ¡ KZUzKz?
Avc‡mj Ges µm‡mj cÖ‡qv‡Mi †KŠkjmg~n Kx Kx?

Avc‡mj
Avc‡mj n‡”Q GK ai‡bi weµq †KŠkj| GKRb we‡µZv‡K GB †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g †µZv‡K AviI `vwg
cY¨ †Kbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡Yvw`Z Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi Gfv‡eB e¨emvi cÖmvi N‡U Ges Zv jvfRbK n‡q I‡V| aiæb,
†KD AvB‡dvb 7 wKb‡Z †kviæ‡g †M‡jb| GB mgq we‡µZv Zv‡K AvB‡dvb 7 cøv‡mi wKQy `y`©všÍ wdPv‡ii
K_v ej‡jb Ges †µZv AvMÖnx n‡q DV‡jb| AvB‡dvb 7-Gi PvB‡Z AvB‡dvb 7 cøvm Avc‡MÖW fvm©b|
ZvB Gi wdPvi †ewk _vK‡e Ges `vgUvI GKUz †ewk n‡e| wKš‘ we‡µZv †µZv‡K K_v w`‡q Ggbfv‡e
†gvwU‡fU Ki‡jb †h GKUz †ewk `vg w`‡qB hw` Avc‡MÖ‡WW wdPvi cvIqv hvq Z‡e †µZv ïay ïay cyi‡bv

c„ôv- 77
 fvm©b wKb‡eb †K‡bv! †µZvI †g‡b wb‡jb †h, GKUz †ewk `vg w`‡q Avc‡MÖ‡WW fvm©b †KbvB fv‡jv| ZvB
wZwb LiPv †ewk K‡i AvB‡dvb 7 cøvm wKb‡jb| e¨vcviUv Kx n‡jv? GKRb †µZv AvB‡dvb 7 wKb‡Z
G‡mwQ‡jb| wKš‘ we‡µZv weµq †KŠkj LvwU‡q Zv‡K AvB‡dvb 7 cøvm wKb‡Z cÖ‡ivwPZ Ki‡jb| djvdj,
we‡µZv AviI †ewk `v‡gi cY¨ †µZvi Kv‡Q †eP‡Z cvi‡jb| GB †h †ewk `v‡gi cY¨ wewµ Kivi †KŠkj,
GwU‡KB Avc‡mwjs e‡j|
mvaviYZ †`Lv hvq, A‡Uv‡gvevBj Ges †UK‡bvjwR wWfvB‡mi we‡µZviv Avc‡m‡j wbhy³ _v‡Kb| †Kbbv,
Gme †¶‡Î cÖwZwU fvm©b Avc‡MÖW nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ bZzb wKQy wdPvi †hvM nq| Lye ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB wdPvi
evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ bZzb ms¯‹i‡Yi `vg cyi‡bv¸‡jvi PvB‡Z evo‡Z _v‡K| GBme †¶‡Î we‡µZviv †µZv‡`i
bZzb ms¯‹iY †Kbv‡bvi Rb¨ Avc‡mj †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb| †h †Kv¤úvwbi hZ †ewk Avc‡mj n‡e,
hZ †ewk nvBGÛ cY¨ wewµ n‡e, †mB †Kv¤úvwbi jv‡fi KuvUv ZiZi K‡i Dc‡i DV‡Z _vK‡e|

µm‡mj
Avc‡m‡ji g‡Zv µm‡mjI Av‡iK ai‡bi weµq †KŠkj| GLv‡b we‡µZvi †Póv _v‡K †µZv‡K w`‡q
GKvwaK cY¨ †Kbv‡bv| awi, †Kv‡bv †µZv †`vKv‡b wM‡q‡Qb GKwU by¨W †k‡Wi wjcw÷K wKb‡Z| we‡µZv
Zv‡K Rvbv‡jb †h, PviwU by¨W †k‡Wi wjcw÷K wKb‡j GKwU wjcMm wd«| ZvQvov cvkvcvwk †µZv‡K
ej‡jb, Zv‡`i eª¨v‡Ûi GKwU nvB †KvqvwjwUm¤úbœ g‡qðvivBR wµg Av‡Q †hUv GKvav‡i Pvgov‡K mRxe
ivL‡e Ges wc¤újgy³ ivL‡e| †µZvi Z¡‡Ki mv‡_ wµgwU Lye hv‡e| Gme ï‡b †µZv Lywk n‡q PviwU by¨W
†k‡Wi wjcw÷K Avi GKwU g‡qðvivBR wµg wK‡b wb‡jb| mv‡_ wd« †c‡jb GKwU wjcMm| A_P †µZv
wKš‘ gvÎ GKwU by¨W †k‡Wi wjcw÷K wKb‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb! GB †h we‡µZv Zvi cÖ‡Yv`bv †KŠkj LvwU‡q
†µZv‡K w`‡q GKvwaK cY¨ †Kbv‡jb, GB †mjm †KŠkj‡K µm‡mj e‡j| µm‡mj †KŠk‡ji g~j D‡Ïk¨
n‡”Q †µZvi AwZwi³ Afve¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv Ges mgvavb wn‡m‡e Zv‡`i †Kv¤úvwbi cY¨ e¨env‡i †cÖwlZ
Kiv| e¨vswKs Lv‡ZI µm‡mj †`Lv hvq| †`Lv †Mj GKRb e¨w³ e¨vs‡K †M‡jb ïaygvÎ GKwU e¨vsK wnmve
†Lvjvi D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q| wKš‘ e¨vsKvi IB e¨w³‡K wewfbœ wKQy eywS‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi wewb‡qv‡Mi Dcvq †hgb
eÛ ev wiUvqvi‡g›U cwjwm µq Ki‡Z cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡ib| µm‡mj GB cÖ‡ivPbv KiviB GKwU †UKwbK|

µm‡mj I Avc‡m‡ji ¸iæZ¡

GKgvÎ µm‡mj Ges Avc‡mj e¨emvq †KŠkjB ÒKg wewb‡qv‡M †ewk wewµÓ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wewb‡qvM
bv evwo‡qI cY¨ wewµi cwigvY K‡qK¸Y evwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| ïay wK ZvB! GB µm‡mj Ges Avc‡mj
†KŠkjB cv‡i wbqwgZ †µZv a‡i ivL‡Z| wbZ¨bZzb cY¨ †Kbvi Rb¨ †µZv‡K cÖ‡Yv`bv w`‡Z bvbv ai‡bi
Advi †`q, K_vi gvqvRv‡j euv‡a|
†K‡bv Avc‡mwjs Ges µm‡mwjs e¨emvi Rb¨ `iKvi Zv wb‡P eY©bv Kiv n‡jvÑ

Avq e„w×
wbtm‡›`‡n Avc‡mwjs Ges µm‡mwjs e¨emvq †KŠkjwU wewµ K‡qK¸Y evwo‡q †`q| †Kv‡bv †µZv GKUv
wbw`©ó cY¨ wKb‡Z G‡j Zv‡K `vwg cY¨ A_ev GKvwaK cY¨ †Kbv‡Z cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i GB e¨emvq †KŠkjwU|
G‡Z †µZv †h cwigvY A_© e¨q Ki‡Z ivwR wQ‡jb, Zvi †P‡q †ewk A_© e¨q K‡ib| Avi cÖwZôv‡b Rgv
nq †ewk cwigvY †iwfwbD| Gfv‡eB µm‡mj Ges Avc‡mj Avq e„w× cvq|

78-c„ôv
GKwbô †µZv ˆZwi
Avcwb hLb GKRb †µZv‡K D”P`v‡g A_ev GKvwaK cY¨ †Kbv‡”Qb ZLb Aek¨B Avcbv‡K e¨w³MZ
e¨emvq †h‡Z n‡e| A_©vr †µZvi mv‡_ GKvZ¥ n‡q Zvi Kx cÖ‡qvRb Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Ges †mB
cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨ Zvi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z n‡e| GB cy‡iv KvRwU Kivi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K
†µZvi mv‡_ GKUv mym¤úK© M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| Avcbvi †`qv cY¨ hw` †µZvi DcKv‡i Av‡m Zvn‡j †PvL
eÜ K‡i wZwb Avcbvi GKRb GKwbô †µZv n‡q hv‡eb|

e¨q Kgv‡bv
hw` Avcwb GB µm‡mwjs Ges Avc‡mwjs‡qi gva¨‡g wKQy GKwbô †µZv †c‡q hvb wbwð‡šÍ bZzb †Kv‡bv
cY¨ evRv‡i Avb‡Z cvi‡eb| G Rb¨ XvK‡Xvj wcwU‡q cÖPv‡ii `iKvi †bB| Avcbvi AÜ-†fv³v GB
†cÖvWv±¸‡jv wK‡b wb‡RivB cÖPv‡ii e¨e¯’v K‡i †`‡eb| ïay †ewk wewµ KivB bq, µm‡mj Ges Avc‡mj
†Kv¤úvwbi e¨q Kgv‡ZI mvnvh¨ K‡i| Z‡e GB †¶‡Î Aek¨B g‡b ivLv Riæwi †h, wVKVvKfv‡e µm‡mwjs
ev Avc‡mwjs bv Ki‡j Zv Kv÷gv‡ii weiw³i KviY n‡q `uvov‡e| D‡ëv ZLb Avcbvi cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZ
†µZv wegyL n‡eb|
Avcwb wK Rv‡bb B-Kgvm© mvBU A¨vgvRb Zv‡`i Av‡qi 35 kZvsk K‡i µm‡m‡ji gva¨‡g? Zviv
µm‡m‡ji Rb¨ †hme U¨vMjvBb e¨envi K‡i Zv‡`i cÖavb `ywU n‡”Q ÒFrequently Bought TogetherÓ
Ges ÒCustomers Who Bought This Item Also BoughtÓ| GB U¨vMjvBb¸‡jvi gva¨‡g GKRb
†µZv‡K Zvi mvP© Kiv c‡Y¨i cvkvcvwk mswkøó Ab¨ me cY¨ †`Lv‡bv nq| Gi d‡j IB mswkøó cY¨mg~‡ni
GKwU cÖ‡gvkb Kiv nq|
G msµvšÍ AviI GKwU my›`i D`vniY n‡”Q g¨vK‡Wvbv‡ìi †mB K¬vwmK cÖkœ ÒWould you like fries with
that?Ó A_©vr g¨vK‡Wvbvì Advi Ki‡Q Avcwb †h Lvevi wb‡q‡Qb Zvi mv‡_ wK d«vB †b‡eb! Gfv‡e Zviv
Zv‡`i d«vB‡K cÖ‡gvU Ki‡Q|
GB wµ‡qwUf U¨vMjvB‡bi †mwjs c‡q›U n‡”Q Kv÷gvi †h cY¨ wKb‡Z wM‡q‡Qb Zv †Zv wK‡bbB! cvkvcvwk
Gme weÁvc‡b mvov w`‡q Advi Kiv cY¨mg~nI wK‡b †d‡jb| Avi GLv‡bB Avc‡mwjs Avi µm‡mwjs‡qi
wekvj gvnvZ¥¨!

Avc‡mwjs A_ev µm‡mwjs Kivi wKQy wbqg

Z‡e Avc‡mj Ges µm‡mj Kivi wKQy wbqg Av‡Q| GB wbq‡gi evB‡i µm‡mj ev Avc‡mj Ki‡j Zv ïay
weiw³i Rb¥ †`‡e| mwVK mg‡qi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Kiæb| cÖev` Av‡Q, Ô†Svc ey‡S †Kvc gvivÕ| GB cÖev`
ev¯Í‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡Z †µZv †h cY¨ wKb‡Z G‡m‡Qb, †mB cY¨ m¤ú‡K© †µZvi Kx Kx aviYv Av‡Q Zv
Rvb‡Z mgq wb‡Z _vKzb| GKUv ch©v‡q G‡m Avcwb hLb †`L‡eb, wZwb wm×všÍ wb‡Z wØavq c‡o‡Qb wVK
ZLbB †µZv‡K Ab¨ cY¨ m¤ú‡K© Avc‡mj A_ev µm‡mj †KŠkj LvUvb| Zv‡K Avcbvi cY¨wU †Kbvi Rb¨
cÖ‡ivPbv w`b| g‡b ivL‡eb, KLbB †µZvi K_v nVvr K‡i _vwg‡q Avcbvi †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z hv‡eb bv|
G‡Z †µZv fxlY wei³ nb|

†µZvi e¨vKMÖvDÛ Rvbyb

GKwU mvaviY Avc‡mj ev µm‡mj †KŠkj n‡”Q †µZvi Avw_©K m½wZ, iæwP I cQ›` Ges e¨q cÖeYZv
m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡e| Gme Rvbv _vK‡j ev‡RU Abyhvqx †µZv‡K †Kvb cY¨wU wKb‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv DwPZ

c„ôv- 79
 †m wel‡q AvMvg aviYv cvIqv hv‡e| Gi cvkvcvwk cY¨ µ‡qi wecix‡Z Zvi mvg‡b ewa©Z Iqv‡iw›U Advi
Ki‡j †µZvi g‡b Avcbv-Avcwb cÖkvwšÍ P‡j Avm‡e|

mycvwikK…Z cY¨ †hb mswkøó nq

†KD wKb‡Z G‡jb wjcw÷K Avi Avcwb Zv‡K †nqvi Wªvqvi †Kbvi mycvwik K‡ib Zvn‡j Avcwb nvm¨Ki
n‡q DV‡eb| ZvB Avcbvi mycvwikK…Z cY¨wU †hb mswkøó nq| A_©vr †µZv wjcw÷K wKb‡Z G‡j Avcwb
Zv‡K wewfbœ eª¨v‡Ûi, †k‡Wi wjcw÷K mycvwik Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cvkvcvwk wjcMm, wjcevg wiK‡gÛ Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv g‡ZB Pz‡j jvMv‡bv wµg wiK‡gÛ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| GUv †µZvi PvIqv c‡Y¨i mv‡_
m¤úwK©Z bq|

Avcbvi mycvwik‡K hvPvB Kiæb

†K‡bv Zvi IB cY¨ bv wK‡b Avcbvi mycvwik Kiv cY¨ †Kbv DwPZ! wKsev Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨ †Kbvi mv‡_
mv‡_ Avcbvi evZ‡j †`qv cY¨¸‡jvI †Kbv `iKvi! GB mewKQy Avcwb Avcbvi †µZv‡K my›`ifv‡e e¨vL¨v
Kiæb| hv‡Z wZwb Zvi cÖ‡qvR‡bi w`KwU wb‡R wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges Avcbvi mycvwik Kiv cY¨ †e‡Q
†bb| †Kv‡bv †µZv hw` j¨vcUc wKb‡Z Av‡mb Avcwb Zv‡K wewfbœ eª¨v‡Ûi j¨vcUc †`wL‡q †KvbwU wKb‡j
wZwb KZUzKz jvfevb n‡eb Ges Zvi cÖ‡qvRb wgU‡e †m wel‡q AewnZ Kiæb|

ˆah© aiæb
µm‡mwjs Ges Avc‡mwjs †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡M Avcbv‡K ˆah© ivL‡ZB n‡e| Avcbvi cÖ¯ÍvweZ cY¨ †Kbvi
mgq ¯^vfvweKfv‡e GKRb †µZvi wPšÍv Kivi Rb¨ wKQy mgq jvM‡e| GB mg‡q Zviv wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖkœ
Ki‡eb| Zviv Awek¦vm Ki‡eb c‡Y¨i ¸Yv¸Y wb‡q| Avcbv‡K kvšÍ I my›`i K‡i me cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z
n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K †mB c‡Y¨i ¸Yv¸Y †`wL‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Gm‡ei d‡j ax‡i ax‡i Avcbvi
cÖwZ †µZvi Av¯’v evo‡e| Avcbvi mycvwikK…Z cY¨ wKb‡Z GKUz GKUz K‡i cÖ‡ivwPZ n‡eb|
Avcwb hw` †µZv‡K Zv‡`i wm×všÍ †bqvi mgq Zvov †`b, evievi wR‡Ám Kiv cÖkœ DËi w`‡Z wei³‡eva
K‡ib Z‡e Avcwb †µZv nviv‡eb| µm‡mwjs wKsev Avc‡mwjs Ki‡Z PvB‡j †µZv‡K †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Zvov
†`qv Pj‡e bv| G‡Z GB e¨emvq †KŠkj m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c e¨_© nq|

cÖwkw¶Z weµqKg©x
µm‡mj wKsev Avc‡mj †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ AwfÁ Ges cÖwkw¶Z weµqKg©xi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| A‡bK
†Kv¤úvwb Av‡Q hviv Zv‡`i weµqKg©x‡`i Kxfv‡e Kvh©Ki Avc‡mj ev µm‡mj Ki‡Z n‡e, Kxfv‡e ev Kx
ai‡bi DÏxcK (Bb‡mbwUf Advi) e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e †m wel‡q cÖwk¶Y w`‡q _v‡K| †Kv‡bv AcÖwkw¶Z
ev ¯^íwkw¶Z weµqKg©x mwVK mg‡q Bb‡mbwUf Advi wVKg‡Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j wZwb GKRb
†µZv‡K nviv‡eb| A‡bK mgq we‡µZvi A‡kvfbfv‡e K_v ejvi Kvi‡Y †µZv gvbwmKfv‡e AvnZ n‡Z
cv‡ib †hUv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Kvg¨ bq| Avi G K_v Ab¯^xKvh© †h, GKevi †µZv Ges weµqKg©x‡`i g‡a¨
Av¯’v ev wek¦vm †f‡O †M‡j †mUv cybt¯’vcb cÖvq Am¤¢e| ZvB Avc‡mj Ges µm‡m‡j cÖwkw¶Z Kg©x wb‡qvM
Kiv cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ wbivc`|

80-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-19

¯§vU© g~j¨ I gvb wbðqZv

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
¯§vU© g~j¨ Kx Kx Dcv‡q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq, Zv m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`qv|
c‡Y¨i gvb wbwðZ Ki‡Z KiYxq welqmg~‡ni Dci Av‡jvKcvZ|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

¯§vU© g~j¨ †K‡bv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq?
AbjvB‡b c‡Y¨i `vg Kxfv‡e wba©viY Ki‡Z nq?
Kxfv‡e B-Kgvm© c‡Y¨i gvb wbwðZ Kiv hvq?

¯§vU© g~j¨
AbjvB‡b cY¨/†mev wewµi cÖwµqvUv AdjvBb †_‡K G‡Kev‡iB Avjv`v| Avi ZvB B-Kgvm© e¨emvq cY¨
g~j¨ wba©viY GKwU KwVb KvR| KviY, GLv‡b cY¨ msMÖn Kivi cvkvcvwk msi¶Y, wecYb Ges me‡k‡l
mieiv‡ni Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v LiP Av‡Q| c‡Y¨i g~j¨ wba©vi‡Yi mgq GB LiP¸‡jvi K_v gv_vq †i‡L
g~j¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ggbfv‡e c‡Y¨i `vg wVK Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i Zvi jvf _v‡K| B-Kgvm© e¨emvq hw` c‡Y¨i `vg Kg ivLv
nq, Zvn‡j nq‡Zv A‡bK wewµ n‡e! wKš‘ †m †¶‡Î gybvdv Zjvwb‡Z †b‡g hv‡e| ZvB hw` †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb

c„ôv- 81
 Kg`v‡g cY¨ wewµ K‡i jvf Ki‡Z Pvq Z‡e Zv‡`i‡K cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr †Kv‡bv
†Kv¤úvwbi 1wU cY¨ wewµ K‡i hw` 100 UvKv jvf nq; Avi hw` 20 UvKv jv‡f cY¨ Qvo‡Z Pvq Z‡e Zv‡K
jvfRbK Ae¯’v‡b Avm‡Z n‡j GKwU c‡Y¨i RvqMvq 5wU cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi †ewk `v‡g fv‡jv
gv‡bi cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z PvB‡j Uv‡M©U-†µZv e`jv‡Z n‡e| e¨qeûj cY¨ wewµi Rb¨ Uv‡M©U-†µZv n‡”Qb
D”PweË Ges D”P-ga¨weË †µZviv| G‡¶‡Î B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui bKkvmn evwYwR¨K †KŠk‡j cwieZ©b
Avb‡Z n‡e| GB mewKQy‡K gv_vq †i‡L B-Kgvm© c‡Y¨i g~j¨ wba©viY‡K ejv nq ¯§vU© g~j¨| Kxfv‡e GKwU
B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i c‡Y¨i g~j¨ wba©viY Ki‡e †m m¤ú‡K© GLv‡b wKQy wUcm †`qv n‡jvÑ

Drcv`K KZ©…K wba©vwiZ m‡e©v”P LyPiv g~j¨

cÖwZwU Drcv`K Zvi c‡Y¨i m‡e©v”P GKwU LyPiv g~j¨ wba©viY K‡i †`q| B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvbwU †mB Abyhvqx
Zv‡`i c‡Y¨i `vg ivL‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î myweav n‡jv B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb‡K Kó K‡i Avi c‡Y¨i `vg wba©viY
Ki‡Z n‡e bv| Z‡e Gi cvkvcvwk mgm¨v n‡jv B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvbwU †ewk gvwR©bI ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv|

wK-†÷vb cÖvBwms
G‡¶‡Î B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb¸‡jv GKwU c‡Y¨i m‡e©v”P LyPiv g~‡j¨i †_‡K †ewk `v‡g cY¨wU wewµ K‡i _v‡K
hv‡Z Zvi jvf nq| A‡bK †¶‡Î GB `vg B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ jvfRbK n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi A‡bK mgq
Kg n‡Z cv‡i| †hme cY¨ Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í wewµ nq Ges †h¸‡jvi ÷K Kivi Rb¨ AwZwi³ LiP nq †mme
c‡Y¨i †¶‡Î GB ai‡bi g~j¨ wba©viY †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ cY¨wU hw` cÖPwjZ cY¨ n‡q
_v‡K, Ab¨vb¨ AviI B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U cY¨wU cvIqv hvq †m †¶‡Î GB g~j¨ †KŠkj Kv‡R †`‡e bv|
wK-†÷vb cÖvBwms‡qi dg©yjv n‡”Q Retail Price = [(cost of item) ÷ (100 - markup percentage)]
x 100| aiv hvK, †Kv‡bv c‡Y¨i †cQ‡b GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi 15 Wjvi LiP n‡q‡Q Ges Zviv 45
kZvsk gvK©-Avc Kij| ZLb wK-†÷vb cÖvBwms dg©yjv g‡Z Gi `vg n‡e Retail Price = [(15.00) ÷
(100 - 45)] x 100 ev Retail Price = [(15.00 ÷ 55)] x 100 = $27.00| †ewkifvM e¨emvqx 50
kZvsk gvK©Avc e¨envi K‡ib Zv‡`i g~j¨ wba©viY Kivi Rb¨|

eûgyLx g~j¨ †KŠkj

G c×wZ‡Z we‡µZv GKwU wbw`©ó `v‡g GK †mU cY¨ wewµ K‡i _v‡Kb| †hgbÑ A‡bK †¶‡Î ivbœvi mvgMÖx,
Km‡gwUKm cÖf…wZ| GKwU mmc¨v‡bi `vg 100 UvKv| hw` †µZv‡K 470 UvKvq 5wU mmc¨v‡bi GKwU †mU
†`qv nq Z‡e †mUv‡KB eûgyLx g~j¨ †KŠkj e‡j| G †KŠk‡j LyPiv g~‡j¨i PvB‡Z †ewk jvf †i‡L GKvwaK
cY¨ GKmv‡_ wewµ Kiv hvq|

g~j¨Qvo/evÆv
B-Kgvm© mvBU¸‡jv‡Z g~j¨Qvo me‡P‡q †ewk e¨envi nq| A‡bK B-Kgvm© mvBU cÖ_g Ae¯’vq †µZv‡`i‡K
Zv‡`i mvB‡U AvK…ó Ki‡Z g~j¨Qvo †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i _v‡K| GQvov wewfbœ Drm‡e ev we‡kl w`b
D`hvc‡b †µZv‡`i AvK…ó Ki‡Z g~j¨Qvo †`qv nq| GB evÆv †`qvUv g~jZ GKwU wecYb †KŠkj| Qvo
†`qvi d‡j c‡Y¨i wewµ-evÆv †e‡o hvq wKš‘ †gvU jv‡f †mfv‡e †Kv‡bv cÖfve †d‡j bv| ZvQvov †µZv‡`i
wbqwgZ evÆv †`qvi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi m‡½ †µZv‡`i GKwU my`„p AUzU eÜb ˆZwi nq|

jm-wjwWs cÖvBwms
GB g~j¨ wba©viY †KŠk‡j GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb Lye RbwcÖq cY¨‡K Kg `v‡g †jvKmvb w`‡q wewµ Ki‡e|
wKš‘ kZ© n‡”Q IB cY¨wUi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ cY¨ †µZv‡K wKb‡Z n‡e| †h cY¨wU †jvKmvb w`‡q B-Kgvm©
cÖwZôvb wewµ Ki‡Q Ab¨vb¨ c‡Y¨i `vg †_‡K Zv cywl‡q †b‡e|

82-c„ôv
gb¯ÍvwË¡weK ev mvB‡KvjwRK¨vj cÖvBwms
†µZv hLb UvKv LiP K‡i cY¨ µq K‡ib ZLb Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU g‡bvfve KvR K‡i †h wZwb g~j¨evb wKQy
nvwi‡q †dj‡Qb| GB KóUv Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨emvqxiv c‡Y¨i `v‡gi †k‡l †e‡Rvo msL¨v 5,7, 9 e¨envi
K‡i _v‡Kb| `v‡gi g‡a¨ G msL¨v e¨envi Ki‡j †µZvi KóUv Kg jv‡M| Z‡e BDwbfvwm©wU Ae wkKv‡Mv
Ges GgAvBwU wek¦we`¨vjq M‡elYv K‡i †`‡L‡Q †h, †e‡Rvo msL¨v 9 me‡P‡q fv‡jv| †hgb 44.99 UvKv|

gvb wbðqZv
AbjvB‡b cY¨ wewµi me‡P‡q eo P¨v‡jÄ n‡”Q GKRb †µZv GLv‡b †Kv‡bv cY¨ a‡i †`Lvi my‡hvM cvb
bv| Zv‡K c‡Y¨i Qwe, weeiY Ges c‡Y¨i wiwfD †`‡LB wm×všÍ wb‡Z nq †h wZwb cY¨wU wK µq Ki‡eb
bvwK Ki‡eb bv| cY¨wU AW©vi w`‡q, AbjvB‡b `vg wgwU‡q hLb †µZv cY¨wU nv‡Z cvb ZLb hw` †`L‡Z
cvb †h c‡Y¨i Qwe Ges Avmj c‡Y¨i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Av‡Q ev cY¨wU‡Z †Kv‡bv LyuZ †_‡K _v‡K ZLb Zvi
†mB wek¦vm †f‡O hvq| dj¯^iƒc Gic‡i wZwb Avi AbjvB‡b cY¨ wKb‡Z Drmvnx nb bv| B-Kgvm© e¨emv
GL‡bv P‡j Òword of mouthÓ w`‡q| †h cÖwZôvb †_‡K †µZv Giƒc e¨envi cv‡”Qb †mB cÖwZôvb †Kej
GKRb †µZvB nviv‡”Q bv, †µZv Zvi eÜz-evÜe Ges AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡K Zvi GB wZ³ AwfÁZvi K_v
ej‡eb| G‡Z K‡i cÖwZôvbwU fwel¨r m¤¢ve¨ †µZvI nviv‡e| me‡P‡q eo ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e Ab¨vb¨ B-Kgvm©
mvBU|
†µZvi KvQ †_‡K GiKg †bwZevPK gšÍe¨ ev Lvivc AwfÁZv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vcvi| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h,
Avgiv GLb mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvMgva¨‡gi hy‡M emevm KiwQ| †µZvi `y‡ivwfÁZv GLv‡b Av¸‡bi g‡Zv
Qovq †hgb evsjv‡`‡k †dmeyK me‡P‡q RbwcÖq mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvMgva¨g| †dmey‡K †Kv‡bv †µZv Zvi
GB AwfÁZv Ges Zvi µqK…Z c‡Y¨i Qwe †kqvi Ki‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ nvRvi nvRvi †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q Qwo‡q
co‡e| hvi d‡j cy‡iv B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e| B-Kgvm© mvBU¸‡jvi DwPZ fv‡jv gv‡bi cY¨ msMÖn
Kiv| Avi GRb¨ B-Kgvm© mvBU‡K Av‡M mvcøvqvi µvB‡Uwiqv cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e| GKRb cY¨ Drcv`‡Ki
cY¨ hw` GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb wewµ Ki‡Z hvq D³ Drcv`K‡K KZ¸‡jv kZ© c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e, hvi
g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡”Q c‡Y¨i ¸YMZ gvb| †h Drcv`K Zv c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv Zvi cY¨ wewµ Kiv n‡e bv|

cY¨ gv‡bi wbðqZv

B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb¸‡jv Zv‡`i cY¨ wewµi mg‡q c‡Y¨i ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZ Ki‡Z wb‡gœvwjøwLZ c`‡¶cmg~n
MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iÑ hw` Drcv`K mivmwi wbR¯^ I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g cY¨ wewµ K‡ib Zvn‡j cY¨ Drcv`‡bi
Av‡M KuvPvgv‡ji ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cY¨ Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i c‡Y¨i ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZ
Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi cix¶v Pvjv‡Z n‡e| Gici Drcvw`Z cY¨mg~n fv‡jvfv‡e cix¶v K‡i †`L‡Z
n‡e †Kv‡bv LyuZ Av‡Q wK-bv| †hme c‡Y¨ LyuZ Av‡Q †m¸‡jv evwZj K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
cY¨ nv‡Z Avmvi ci cY¨ cix¶v KivÑ Drcv`‡Ki cY¨ B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q Avmvi c‡i D³
cÖwZôv‡bi †KvqvwjwU A¨vwmD‡iÝ Kg©KZ©viv cY¨mg~n cix¶v K‡i wbwðZ Ki‡eb †h c‡Y¨i ¸YMZ gvb
wVK Av‡Q| B-Kgvm© mvB‡U c‡Y¨i AwiwRbvj Qwe cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv †iwcøKv cvewjk Kiv Pj‡e
bv| AwiwRbvj †cÖvWv± Ges †iwcøKv †cÖvWv‡±i Qwei g‡a¨ we¯Íi dvivK †_‡K| G‡Z K‡i †µZv cY¨ †Kbvi
mgq wØavq _v‡Kb| †nvK †m Kg Avi †ewk †iRy¨‡jk‡bi Qwe, AwiwRbvj Qwe gvÎB †µZv‡K Avk¦¯Í K‡i|
AbjvB‡b †µZv c‡Y¨i AW©vi †`qvi c‡i †µZv‡K cY¨wU †cÖi‡Yi Av‡M †klev‡ii g‡Zv cix¶v K‡i wb‡Z
n‡e|

c„ôv- 83
Aa¨vq-20

†mev wbe©vPb Ges Dbœqb

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgv‡m© c‡Y¨i cvkvcvwk †mev wbe©vPb Kiv m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|
†µZvi Kv‡Q †mev †cuŠ‡Q †`qv Ges †mev DbœqbwelqK Av‡jvPbv|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

B-Kgvm© †mev wbe©vPb Kx Ges Kxfv‡e †mev Dbœqb Ki‡Z n‡e?
B-Kgvm© †mev Dbœq‡bi avc¸‡jv Kx Kx?
B-Kgvm© †mev we‡kølY|

B-Kgvm© †mev wbe©vPb

GB gyn~‡Z© Avgiv †h cY¨ ev †mev Dc‡fvM KiwQ Zv AZx‡Zi cY¨ ev †mev †_‡K Avjv`v| †hgbÑ GLb
Avgiv ¯§vU©‡dvb e¨envi KiwQ| AvR †_‡K 10 eQi Av‡MI GB ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi Pj wQj bv| wVK †Zgwb
AvR PvB‡jB Avgiv Avgv‡`i Rb¥wbeÜb mb` AbjvB‡b msMÖn Ki‡Z cviwQ wKsev AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g
cvm‡cv‡U©i Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cviwQ| AvR †_‡K cuvP eQi Av‡M GgbUv Avgiv fve‡ZI cviZvg bv| hy‡Mi
mv‡_ mv‡_ gvby‡li Pvwn`v e`‡j hvq| †Zgwb e`‡j hvq cY¨ ev †mevi aib|
ZvB AvR‡Ki w`‡b GKRb D‡`¨v³vi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q Amxg my‡hvM| Zviv PvB‡jB bZzb wKš‘ Kvh©Kix †mev

84-c„ôv
G‡b B-Kgvm© evRv‡i wb‡R‡`i RvqMv cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| m‡›`n †bB †h, B-Kgv‡m© mdjZv wbf©i K‡i
mwVK †mev wbe©vPb Kivi Dc‡i| †Kv‡bv GKwU †mev evRv‡i wb‡q Avmvi Av‡M Zv wb‡q hZ fvebv-wPšÍv
Kiv n‡e, ZZB Zvi mdj nIqvi m¤¢vebv †e‡o hv‡e| ZvB cÖ_‡gB wPšÍv Ki‡Z n‡e, Avcwb †Kv_v †_‡K
Kxfv‡e ïiæ Ki‡eb?

B-Kgvm© †mev we‡kølY

†mev wbe©vPb Kivi Av‡M Avcbv‡K Avcbvi Avkcv‡k we`¨gvb mgm¨v¸‡jv wb‡q fve‡Z n‡e| mgm¨vi
mgvav‡bi w`‡K `„wó †`qvi mg‡qB Avcbvi gv_vq wewfbœ †mev †`qvi K_v P‡j Avm‡e| GKevi †Kv‡bv
†mevi aviYv gv_vq P‡j Avm‡j wb‡R wb‡R †m †mevi we‡kølY ïiæ K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| Kx ai‡bi †mev
D‡`¨v³v wb‡R cQ›` K‡ib, Dc‡fvM K‡ib Ges Zv‡`i †_‡K Kx Kx myweav †c‡q _v‡Kb? †mev wbe©vPb
Kivi mg‡q GKRb D‡`¨v³v Kx Kx w`‡K j¶ ivL‡eb Zv wb‡gœ †`qv n‡jvÑ
†h ai‡bi †mev wewµ Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb †mUv wb‡R cQ›` Ki‡Qb wKbv?
wb‡Ri fvebvi †mev wb‡q D‡ËwRZ wKbv?
wb‡R †mevwU µq ev e¨envi Ki‡eb wKbv?
GB †mev wK AvZ¥xq, eÜz-evÜe ev cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Kv‡Q wewµ Kiv m¤¢e?
AvMvgx 10 eQi GB †mevwU evRv‡i wewµ Kiv hv‡e Kx?
GwU wK Ggb GKwU †mev hv evRv‡i we`¨gvb †bB! _vK‡jI Zv cÖkœwe×?
D‡`¨v³v wK `xN© mgq a‡i GB †mev evRv‡i wb‡q Avmvi ¯^cœ jvjb K‡i Avm‡Qb?
ïay D‡`¨v³vi `„wó‡Z bq, GKRb †µZvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡KI †mevwU‡K we‡kølY Ki‡Z n‡e|
GB †mevwU †µZv‡`i Rb¨ Kx Kx myweav wb‡q Avm‡Q?
†µZv‡`i Rxeb ev Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î GB †mev Kxfv‡e Kv‡R jvM‡e?
Kx ai‡bi †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q †mevwU wewµ Kiv hv‡e?
†h UvKvi wewbg‡q Avcwb †mevwU wewµ Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb, †mB `v‡g †µZviv wKb‡Z wK ivwR _vK‡eb?
ûU K‡i Avcwb †Kv‡bv †mev evRv‡i wb‡q Avm‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Avcbv‡K †f‡e †`L‡Z n‡e, GB †mev
wb‡q Av‡`Š KvR Kiv hv‡e wKbv, KZw`b a‡i KvR Kiv hv‡e, †µZviv GB ai‡bi †mev cQ›` Ki‡eb
wKsev GB †mevi evRvi e„w×i m¤¢vebv Avm‡j KZUzKz?

†mev Dbœq‡bi avcmg~n

†mevi AwfcÖvq
GKwU aviYv ev AwfcÖv‡qi nvZ a‡iB g~jZ KvR ïiæ n‡q hvq| Avcwb Pvicv‡ki mgm¨v¸‡jv †`‡L hLb
GKwU aviYv ˆZwi Ki‡eb ZLbB Avcbvi mvg‡b P‡j Avm‡e Avcbvi evRvi cÖ¯‘Z wKbv Avcbvi †mev
wb‡Z| aviYvi mv‡_ mswkøó P¨v‡jĸ‡jvI Avcbv‡K fvev‡e| cÖ_g av‡c †h aviYvB AvmyK bv †Kb, Zv
fv‡jv AvBwWqv| wfbœ wfbœ w`K †_‡K bvbv iKg AvBwWqv ev †mevi aviYv Kv‡iv Kv‡Q Avm‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZwU
AvBwWqv †mvIU (SWOT-Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g
ïiæ Kiv me‡P‡q fv‡jv| †Kbbv, †h‡Kv‡bv †mevi †¶‡Î GB welq¸‡jv _vK‡e Ges G¸‡jv †`‡L †mev
m¤ú‡K© GKUv cÖv_wgK aviYv jvf Kiv hv‡e| Z‡e †mUvI we‡køl‡Yi mgq eZ©gvb evRvi‡KI we‡ePbvq
wb‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑ eZ©gvb evRv‡i GB †mev we`¨gvb wKbv wKsev GB †mev eZ©gvb evRv‡i Pj‡e
wKbv BZ¨vw`| GB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Avcbv‡K evRvi M‡elYv Ki‡Z n‡e, †µZv Rwic Ki‡Z n‡e, †µZv‡`i
wdWe¨vK Rvb‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk Askx`vi Ges cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i

c„ôv- 85
 civgk© ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i wb‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov Avcbvi †mevwUi cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i
mdj nIqv ev e¨_© nIqvi welq¸‡jv wb‡q wek`fv‡e fve‡Z n‡e|

Av`k© aviYv evQvB, Abychy³ aviYv evwZj Kiv

Av‡MB e‡jwQ cÖv_wgKfv‡e me AwfcÖvqB fv‡jv aviYv| wKš‘ Av`k© bq| †Kbbv Av`k© aviYvi mv‡_
mswkøó wKQy P¨v‡jÄ _v‡K| †hgbÑ me †mevi wiUvb© Ae Bb‡f÷‡g›U GK`g wKQyB _v‡K bv, Avevi A‡bK
AvBwWqv †h¸‡jv evRv‡i Pj‡e bv| GB mewKQy‡K gv_vq †i‡L GB av‡c Av`k© bq Ggb aviYv¸‡jv‡K
evwZj K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| Av`k© AvBwWqv ev †mev aviYv wbe©vPb Kivi Rb¨ mywbw`©ó wKQy bxwZgvjv wVK K‡i
w`‡Z n‡e| †hme AvBwWqv DwjøwLZ bxwZgvjvi mv‡_ hv‡”Q bv, †mme AvBwWqv‡K evwZj K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
GB av‡c mwVK AvBwWqv wbe©vPb bv Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e A‡bK UvKv, kÖg I mgq wewb‡qv‡Mi ciI †Kv‡bv
aviYv evwZj K‡i w`‡Z n‡”Q| †m‡¶‡Î cÖwZôvb wekvj j‡mi gy‡L co‡e|

†µZvi †Pv‡L Avcbvi evQvBK…Z aviYvwU †Kgb

Avcbvi wbe©vwPZ aviYv †µZvi †Pv‡L †Kgb Zv Rvb‡Z n‡e GB av‡c| D‡`¨v³v‡`i AwfgZ ev fvebvwPšÍvB
me bq| eis Avcwb †mevwU hv‡`i cÖ`vb Ki‡eb, Zv‡`i RvqMv †_‡K wdWe¨vK AvmvUv Riæwi| †µZv
Kx fve‡Qb GB †mevwU wb‡q, GB aviYvwU Avm‡jB ev¯Í‡e †Kv‡bv jvfRbK wKQy n‡e wK-bv, †µZviv wK
Avm‡jB GB †mev †b‡eb, GB †mev wK Zv‡`i Av‡`Š †Kv‡bv myweav †`‡e wK-bv Zv Rvb‡Z n‡e GB av‡c|
Gme Z_¨ Rvbvi Rb¨ Avcbvi cwiwPZ wKQy †µZvi mv‡_ K_v ejvi cvkvcvwk Avcwb †µZv Rwic Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| GB Z_¨¸‡jvi gva¨‡g Avcbvi evQvBK…Z aviYvwUi GKwU ev¯Íe wPÎ ˆZwi n‡e| Avcwb eyS‡Z
cvi‡eb †µZviv Av‡`Š †mevwUi e¨vcv‡i eyS‡Qb wK-bv! wKsev GB †mevi m‡½ AviI †Kv‡bv †mev †hvM
Kiv hvq wK-bv!

e¨emvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K wbe©vwPZ AvBwWqv we‡kølY

AvBwWqv P‚ovšÍ nIqvi ci GB av‡c Avcwb e¨emvwqK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Avcbvi AvBwWqvwU we‡kølY Ki‡eb|
Avcbvi evQvBK…Z AvBwWqv wK Avm‡jB jvfRbK n‡e? GB we‡kølY Kivi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K we¯ÍvwiZ
evRviRvZKiY †KŠkj, Uv‡M©U gv‡K©U I Kx ai‡bi †mev cwRkwbs Ges †mev wgkÖY e¨envi Kiv n‡e
BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z n‡e| Gi cvkvcvwk †mevi Pvwn`vi K_v gv_vq †i‡L Avcbv‡K GKwU
AvbygvwbK ev‡RU ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| ev‡RU Kivi c‡i Avcbvi e¨emvi †eªKB‡fb c‡q›U m¤ú‡K© Avcbv‡K
AeMZ n‡Z n‡e|

†mevwUi GKwU †cÖv‡UvUvBc wbg©vY

Avcbvi AvBwWqvK…Z †mevwU Aby‡gv`b cvIqvi ci GwU‡K KvwiMwi w`K †_‡K †W‡fjc Ki‡Z n‡e|
G mgq Avcbvi †mevwUi GKwU †cÖv‡UvUvBc A_ev wjwg‡UW GwWk‡bi †mev cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e| GB
†cÖv‡UvUvB‡ci gva¨‡g Avcwb †mev m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ welq cix¶v K‡i †`L‡Z cvi‡eb †h Avm‡jB Zv KvR
Ki‡Q wK-bv! cvkvcvwk e¨enviKvixiv GwU e¨envi K‡i wb‡R‡`i gZvgZ w`‡Z cvi‡eb| Avi GB cix¶v-
wbix¶v Ges gZvg‡Zi Dc‡i wfwË K‡i †mevwUi cwieZ©b, cwiea©b Ges ms‡kvab Kiv n‡e|

cix¶vg~jKfv‡e †mev evRviRvZKiY

†cÖv‡UvUvBc‡K AviI cwiewZ©Z Ges ms‡kvwaZ AvKv‡i wb‡q GB av‡c Avcwb †mevwUi P‚ovšÍ iƒc w`‡jb|

86-c„ôv
wKš‘ evRv‡i Qvovi Av‡M mxwgZ AvKv‡i K‡qKR‡bi Kv‡Q †mevwUi P‚ovšÍ ms¯‹iYwU w`‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i
Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡e †mevwU e¨env‡i Zviv Kx Kx mgm¨vi gy‡LvgywL n‡”Qb ev Zviv Kx Kx myweav cv‡”Qb|
G‡KB cix¶vg~jK evRviRvZKiY e‡j| GB av‡ci d‡j wbLyuZ †mevwU Avcwb g~javivi evRv‡i wb‡q
Avmvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z n‡eb|

evRviRvZKiY I gv‡K©wUs cwiKíbv

GB ch©v‡q G‡m †mevwU evRv‡i Qvovi Rb¨ P‚ovšÍ wm×všÍ †bqv nq| Kxfv‡e †mevwU evRviRvZKiY Kiv n‡e
Ges MÖvnKiv Kxfv‡e UvKv †`‡eb BZ¨vw` welq P‚ovšÍ Kiv nq| evRv‡i Qvo‡jB †Kej n‡e bv, MÖvnKiv Kx
K‡i GB †mev m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb Zvi Rb¨ wKQy wecYb †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑ wewfbœ wgwWqv‡Z
weÁvcb †`qv, †mevwUi m¤ú‡K© bvbv cÖKvi Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Kiv cÖf…wZ|

cY¨ Aegy³KiY
Ae‡k‡l evRv‡i †mevwUi AvMgb| GB ch©v‡q G‡m P‚ovšÍfv‡e †mev evRv‡i Qvov n‡e| †µZviv †mevwU
†c‡q Kx ai‡bi wdWe¨vK w`‡”Qb †mwU Rvbvi Rb¨ evRv‡ii Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|

c„ôv- 87
Aa¨vq-21

†mevi gvb wbiƒcY I f¨vjy mshyw³

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
mvwf©m †KvqvwjwU A¨vwmD‡iÝ A_©vr †mevi gvb wbiƒcY Ges wbwðZKiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf|
mvwf©m f¨vjy A¨vwWkb wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

wewfbœ ai‡bi B-†mev m¤ú‡K©|
†mevi ¸YMZ gvb wbwðZKiY Kx K‡i Kiv hvq?
†mevi f¨vjy GwWkb Kx Ges Kxfv‡e Kiv hvq?

†mev gv‡bi msÁv

mvwf©m †KvqvwjwU ev †mevi gvb n‡”Q GK ai‡bi cwigvcK hv w`‡q GKwU mvwf©‡mi ¸YMZ gvb cwigvc
Kiv hvq| evRv‡i hLb GKwU mvwf©m Pvjy nq, ZLb mvwf©m`vZv Ges mvwf©m MÖnxZvi GKwU G·‡c‡±kb
ˆZwi nq †mB mvwf©‡mi cÖwZ| cÖwZwU mvwf©m`vZv Ges MÖnxZv gvÎB Pvq †h‡Kv‡bv mvwf©m 100 kZvsk mdj
†nvK| wKš‘ ev¯Í‡e †Kv‡bv wKQy 100 kZvsk mdj n‡Z cv‡i bv| †mevi gvb w`‡q †evSv hvq †mev cY¨wU
KZ `ÿZvi mv‡_ MÖvnK‡`i †mev cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| SERVQUA g‡Wj Abyhvqx mvwf©m †KvqvwjwU cwigvc
Kivi m~ÎwU n‡”Q Service Quality = Performance – Expectation| g~jZ GB g‡WjwU †µZvi w`K

88-c„ôv
†_‡K Kiv n‡q‡Q| †µZv Zvi †mev c‡Y¨i Kv‡Q Kx Kx cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib Zv GB †mev gv‡bi gva¨‡g †evSv
hv‡e| hLb GKwU †mevi Kg©`ÿZv †µZvi cÖZ¨vkvi PvB‡Z †ewk n‡e, ZLb †mB †mev cY¨wU †ewk †¯‹vi
AR©b Ki‡e| †mev gv‡bi GB †¯‹vi mvwf©‡mi we`¨gvb mgm¨v¸‡jv `ªæZ wPwýZ K‡i †fv³v‡K AviI KZ
DbœZgv‡bi mvwf©m †`qv hvq †mB w`Kwb‡`©kbvB †`‡e|

B-†mevi gvb wbY©q

B›Uvi‡b‡Ui eûj e¨env‡ii d‡jB AvaywbK w`‡b B-†mev aviYvwU we¯Í…Z n‡”Q| B-†mev ej‡Z Avgiv eywS
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g †h †mev †`qv nq| M‡elKiv B-†mevi ÒgvbÓ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q
PviwU gvÎvi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| I‡qemvBU bKkv, c~Y©Zv, †fv³v †mev Ges wbivcËv| GB PviwU gvÎvi
wfwˇZ B-†mevi gvb wbY©‡qi Rb¨ wKQy welq Avbv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b †m¸‡jvi eY©bv †`qv n‡jvÑ

mvkÖq
I‡qemvB‡Ui wWRvBb Ggb n‡Z n‡e †hb †µZv Lye mn‡R I‡qemvB‡U XzK‡Z cv‡ib| †ewk fvix
I‡qemvBU †jvW n‡Z AZ¨waK mgq †b‡e| ZvB B-†mevi Rb¨ nvjKv I‡qemvBU ˆZwi Kiv `iKvi| g‡b
ivL‡eb, †µZvi nv‡Z †ewk mgq †bB| wZwb I‡qemvB‡U G‡m AZ¨šÍ Kg mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨ ev †mev
m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z PvB‡eb| †mB Abyhvqx I‡qemvB‡Ui wWRvBb Ki‡Z n‡e|

c~Y©Zv
B-mvwf©‡mi me‡P‡q eo w`K n‡”Q Avcbv‡K †µZvi cÖ‡qvRb mwVKfv‡e wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| †mB Abyhvqx
Avcbv‡K †gby¨ mvRv‡Z n‡e| †µZv †hb I‡qemvB‡U G‡m wØavwš^Z bv nb| †µZv‡K `ªæZZg mg‡qi g‡a¨
†mev †`qvi Rb¨ I‡qemvBU‡K m‡e©v”P e¨envievÜe K‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv
†µZv I‡qemvB‡U Z_¨ wb‡Z G‡m †`L‡jb A‡bK wdPvi KvR Ki‡Q bv| A‡bK Z_¨ nvjbvMv` bq|
†m‡¶‡Î †µZv Avcbvi †mevi cÖwZ Av¯’v nviv‡eb| ZvB memgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e, I‡qemvB‡Ui wewfbœ
wdPvi wVKg‡Zv KvR Ki‡Q wK-bv| cÖ`Ë Z_¨mg~n me wbqwgZ nvjbvMv` n‡”Q wK-bv!

cÖvB‡fwm
†µZv AbjvB‡b wewfbœfv‡e g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡eb| G‡¶‡Î †µZvi hveZxq e¨vsK A¨vKvD›U, KvW© bv¤^vi,
cvmIqvW©mn Z_¨ †Mvcb ivL‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov B-†mev RvZxq I‡qemvBU¸‡jv‡K m‡e©v”P gvÎvq wmwKDiW
Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY GLv‡b †µZvi A‡bK †Mvcbxq Z_¨ AšÍfz©³ _vK‡Z cv‡i|

ms‡e`bkxjZv
†mev †`qvi c‡iI hw` mvwf©m wb‡q †µZvi †Kv‡bv mgm¨v _v‡K Z‡e Zv `ªæZZg mg‡qi g‡a¨ mgvav‡bi
e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|

¶wZc~iY
†mev w`‡Z †Kv‡bv fzj n‡j ev †µZvi †Kv‡bv ai‡bi ¶wZ n‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ †m fzj ïa‡i †bqv Ges †µZv‡K
Dchy³ ¶wZc~iY †`qv| Avcwb fve‡Z cv‡ib ¶wZc~iY †`qv gv‡b Avcbvi e¨emvq †jvKmvb! Avm‡j wKš‘
Zv bq! Avcbvi KvQ †_‡K †µZv G iKg eÜzmyjf e¨envi †c‡q evievi Avcbvi †mev wb‡Z fimv cv‡eb|

c„ôv- 89
ZvB †Kv‡bv mg‡q †mev cÖ`v‡b †Kv‡bv fzj n‡j †µZv‡K †`vlv‡ivc bv K‡i †µZv‡K mv‡cvU© Kivi †Póv
Kiæb|

†hvMv‡hvM
AbjvB‡b ev AdjvB‡b †µZv KZ `ªæZ I Sv‡gjvwenxbfv‡e cÖwZôv‡bi Kv÷gvi mvwf©‡mi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM
Ki‡Z cv‡ib †mwU wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

†mev gv‡bi wbðqZv

Kg©Pvix‡`i ch©vß cwigv‡Y cÖwk¶Y w`b| cÖwZôv‡bi AvKvi Abyhvqx Kg©Pvix‡`i Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi
cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwk¶Y †`qvi mg‡q †h welqwU gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e Zv n‡”Q cÖwk¶‡Y Kx
Kx wel‡qi Dc‡i cÖwk¶Y †`qv n‡”Q Ges cÖwk¶Y †bqvi c‡i Kg©Pvixiv †Kv‡bv mgm¨vi gy‡LvgywL n‡”Q b
wK-bv! hw` mgm¨vi gy‡LvgywL n‡q _v‡Kb Z‡e Zv Kx ai‡bi| †h †¶‡Î mgm¨v n‡”Q ïaygvÎ †mB welqwUi
mgvav‡bi Rb¨ cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiæb| †Kv‡bv MÖvnK Zvi mgm¨vi Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi †níjvB‡b †dvb w`‡j
Kxfv‡e Zvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z n‡e, Kxfv‡e †c‡g›U n¨v‡Ûj Ki‡Z n‡e BZ¨vw` wel‡q Kg©Pvix‡`i h‡_vchy³
cÖwk¶Y †`qv fxlY Riæwi| bZzb Kg©Pvixiv cÖwZôv‡b †hvM †`qvi c‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ DbœZgv‡bi Iwi‡q‡›Ukb
†cÖvMÖv‡gi e¨e¯’v Kiæb| GB †Uªwbs †cÖvMÖvgwU LyeB my›`i K‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †cÖvMÖv‡g Ask †bqv
Kg©Pvixiv cÖwZôv‡bi j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨, Zviv Kx ai‡bi †mev wb‡q KvR Ki‡Qb, cÖwZôv‡bi e¨emv ÷ª¨v‡UwR Kx
Gme m¤ú‡K© LyeB cwi®‹vi aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Zviv wb‡Riv Kxfv‡e DbœZ †mev w`‡Z cvi‡eb Zvi
Dc‡i cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb Kiæb|
G cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Kg©Pvixiv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Kv÷gvi mvwf©‡mi e¨vcv‡i KwgU‡g›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z m¶g
n‡eb| cyi‡bv Ges AwfÁ Kg©Pvix‡`i mv‡_ bZzb Kg©Pvix‡`i †hvM Kiæb| cyi‡bv Kg©Pvix‡`i Aax‡b Zviv
KvR K‡i nv‡Z-Kj‡g Kv÷gvi mvwf©‡mi welqvw` eyS‡Z cvi‡eb| Avcbvi e¨emvi DbœwZ‡K Avcbvi
Kg©Pvixi †µwWU wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiæb| Zv‡`i Rvbvb, cÖwZôv‡bi DbœwZi †cQ‡b i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i wbqwgZ
Aa¨emvq Ges K‡Vvi cwikÖg| G‡Z K‡i Kg©Pvix‡`i g‡a¨I GKwU BwZevPK g‡bvfve ˆZwi n‡e| Zviv
wek¦vm Ki‡eb, Zv‡`i KvR gvÎB cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZv e‡q Av‡b| MÖvn‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †Kv‡bv mgm¨v ev
Awf‡hvM G‡j Zv hZ `ªæZ m¤¢e mgvavb Kivi †Póv Kiæb| MÖvnK‡`i KvQ †_‡K Avcbvi cÖwZôv‡bi †mev
m¤ú‡K© wdWe¨vK MÖnY Kiæb| Kv÷gvi mvwf©m Rwic cwiPvjbv Kiæb| †hme mgm¨v ev Awf‡hvM Avm‡e
†m¸‡jv KZUzKz mgvavb n‡”Q Zv Uª¨vK Kivi e¨e¯’v Kiæb| GKevi †Kv‡bv mgm¨v n‡j evievi †hb Zvi
cybive„wË bv N‡U †m e¨vcv‡i m‡Pó †nvb| Avcbvi MÖvn‡Ki mv‡_ mivmwi K_v ejyb|

f¨vjy ms‡hvRb
eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k †gvevBj †dvb LyeB RbwcÖq| evsjv‡`‡k MÖvgxY‡dvb, evsjvwjsK, iwemn †ek K‡qKwU
†gvevBj †bUIqvK© †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb Av‡Q wKš‘ mevi evRvi GKiKg bq Ges mevi †mevi gvb
GKiKg bq| G‡KK cÖwZôvb G‡KK ai‡bi c¨v‡KR Ges G‡KK ai‡bi †mev w`‡q _v‡K| Gfv‡e cÖwZwU
†gvevBj †bUIqvK© †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i‡K evRv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvb †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i Zz‡j
a‡i‡Q MÖvnK‡`i Kv‡Q| GB †h wfbœ wfbœ Lv‡Z Abb¨ wKQy KvR me cÖwZôvb‡K G‡K Ac‡ii PvB‡Z Avjv`v
K‡i †i‡L‡Q, G‡KB wKš‘ f¨vjy ms‡hvRb e‡j| cÖwZwU cÖwZôv‡bi BDwbK wKQy †mevB Zv‡`i mvwf©‡m f¨vjy
†hvM K‡i|

90-c„ôv
†h‡Kv‡bv mg‡q †mev cÖ`vb
w`b-ivZ, So-e„wó †h‡Kv‡bv AvenvIqvq hLb `iKvi ZLbB B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb‡K †mev w`‡Z cÖ¯‘Z _vK‡Z
n‡e| †h‡Kv‡bv mgm¨v n‡j †h‡Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB memgq MÖvnK‡K †mev w`‡Z n‡e|

mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb

AbjvB‡b mvP© Bwćb mvP© Ki‡jB †hb GKRb m¤¢ve¨ †µZv mn‡R †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb‡K Lyu‡R †c‡Z
cv‡ib| GRb¨ mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb, mvP© BwÄb gv‡K©wUs, Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Gme wel‡qi Dc‡i †Rvi
w`‡Z n‡e|

†mevi `vg
AbjvB‡b †µZv GLb PvB‡j wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi †mevi g~j¨ Zzjbv K‡i †`L‡Z cv‡ib| A‡bK I‡qemvBU
Av‡Q †h¸‡jv wewfbœ mvB‡Ui `v‡gi Zzjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †mevi `vg wba©viY Kiv LyeB Riæwi| cÖvBwms
÷ª¨v‡UwR cÖ¯‘Z Kiv GKwU I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨ LyeB `iKvwi|

cv‡m©vbvjvB‡Rkb
wek¦¯Í †µZv ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ †µZvi cQ›`-AcQ›` BZ¨vw` ey‡S ïaygvÎ Zvi Rb¨B we‡kl Advi ˆZwi
Kiv| A_ev †µZv hLb †m I‡qemvB‡U jMBb K‡ib Zvi cQ‡›`i Z_¨ ev msev` mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡K cÖ`vb
Kiv| Kv÷gvi‡K wbqwgZ cÖwZgv‡m ev mßv‡n Zvi cQ‡›`i c‡Y¨i Advimn wewfbœ Z_¨ B-†gB‡j cÖ`vb
Kiv| GB e¨vcvi¸‡jvB n‡”Q cv‡m©vbvjvB‡Rkb| G ai‡bi cv‡m©vbvjvB‡Rkb A‡bK †µZvB cQ›` K‡ib
Ges Gi d‡j wek¦¯Í †µZv ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e|

†mvk¨vj wgwWqv
eZ©gvb hyMB n‡”Q †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi hyM| †µZvi mv‡_ fv‡jv m¤úK© M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î, †µZv‡K wewfbœ
†mev m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ w`‡Z ev †µZvi g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv ˆZwii †¶‡Î †mvk¨vj wgwWqv LyeB Kvh©Kix f‚wgKv
iv‡L|

†gvevBjevÜe
eZ©gvb hyM n‡”Q †gvevB‡ji hyM| cÖPzi †jvK GLb ¯§vU©‡dvb e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb hv‡Z I‡qe eªvDR Kiv
hvq| ZvB ¯§vU©‡dvb A¨vwcø‡Kkb ev †gvevBj Dc‡hvMx I‡qemvBU ˆZwi KivUv LyeB Riæwi| evsjv‡`‡k
A‡bK RvqMvq fv‡jv †gvevBj B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e¨e¯’v †bB| Gme RvqMvq †µZv ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ Kg MwZi
B›Uvi‡bU eªvDR Kiv hvq Ggb I‡qemvBU ev we‡kl A¨vwcø‡Kkb ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

wcqvi wiwfD
†mvk¨vj †bUIqv‡K© ev I‡qemvB‡U wcqvi wiwfD Ges †iwUs‡qi e¨e¯’v ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i| fv‡jv wiwfD
†c‡j †µZvi cwiwPZR‡bivI †mB cÖwZôvb †_‡K †mev wb‡Z fimv cv‡eb|

c„ôv- 91
Aa¨vq-22

B-Kgvm© cÖhyw³
GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgv‡m© wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖhyw³i e¨envi n‡q _v‡K, †mme m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|
†K‡bv GKRb B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³vi Rb¨ Gme cÖhyw³ m¤ú‡K© b~¨bZg Ávb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb †m wel‡q wek`
Av‡jvPbv|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

B-Kgv‡m© e¨eüZ wewfbœ cÖhyw³ m¤ú‡K©|
B-Kgv‡m©i wewfbœ wm‡÷g Ges mve wm‡÷g m¤ú‡K©|

B-Kgv‡m©i cÖ_g KvR I‡qemvBU ˆZwi Kiv

GKwU e¨envievÜe I‡qemvBU Qvov B-Kgvm© m¤¢eB bq| Avi ZvB B-Kgvm© cÖhyw³ wb‡q K_v ej‡Z †M‡j
cÖ_‡gB P‡j Av‡m I‡qemvB‡Ui K_v| GKRb B-Kgvm© e¨emvqx‡K AbjvB‡b cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z †M‡j
GKwU I‡qemvBU ˆZwi Ki‡ZB n‡e| B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB PvB GKwU wPËvKl©K bvg| G
D‡`¨v³v‡K GB †Wv‡gBb †bg wVK Ki‡Z n‡e| GiciB Av‡m †nvw÷s‡qi e¨vcvi| wewfbœ ai‡bi †nvw÷s
Av‡Q, †hgbÑ Shared Hosting, Cloud Hosting, VPS Hosting, Dedicated Hosting| Avcwb hw`

92-c„ôv
B-Kgvm© weR‡bm Ki‡Z Pvb, Avcbv‡K †Wv‡gBb †nvw÷s m¤ú‡K© Aek¨B aviYv ivL‡Z n‡e| Gic‡i
Av‡m I‡qemvBU ˆZwii cvjv| wewfbœ ai‡bi cø¨vUd‡g© I‡qemvBU ˆZwi Kiv hvq| †hgbÑ D-Kgvm©,
g¨v‡R‡›Uv, †Rb-KvU©, IGm Kgvm©, †cÖ¯Ívkc BZ¨vw` I‡cbKvU©| I‡qemvBU ˆZwii ciciB Av‡m Gi
wbivcËv wbwðZKiY| hv‡Z evB‡ii †Kv‡bv Amvay e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb GB B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU n¨vK K‡i
g~j¨evb Z_¨ miv‡Z bv cv‡i| Avi GRb¨ B›Uvi‡b‡U wewfbœ ai‡bi wmwKDwiwU cøvMBb, mdUIq¨vimn
wewfbœ ai‡bi wRwbm Av‡Q| GQvov †h cÖwZôvb †_‡K B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³v †nvw÷s †mev wb‡”Q Zv‡`i wbR¯^
wbivcËv e¨e¯’v KZUv DbœZ ZvI GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vcvi|

ïay I‡qemvBU ˆZwi Ki‡jB n‡e bv, wbqwgZ nvjbvMv` Ki‡Z n‡e
ïaygvÎ I‡qemvBU ˆZwi Kivi c‡i wKš‘ KvR †kl n‡q hvq bv| wbqwgZ I‡qemvBU †`Lv‡kvbv Kivi
cvkvcvwk nvjbvMv` Ki‡Z n‡e| GKB mv‡_ I‡qemvB‡U †µZv hv‡Z wfwRU Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ nb Ges
wfwRU Kivi c‡i mn‡R I‡qemvBUwU eªvDR Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi cøvMBb, A¨vwcø‡Kkbmn
bvbv ai‡bi mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

B-Kgv‡m©i Avw_©K †jb‡`b cÖ_vMZ evwY‡R¨i PvB‡Z Avjv`v

cÖ_vMZ evwY‡R¨i g‡Zv B-Kgv‡m©i cÖvY n‡”Q †jb‡`b| Z‡e cÖ_vMZ evwY‡R¨i Zzjbvq B-Kgv‡m© †jb‡`b
GKUz wfbœfv‡e n‡q _v‡K| GKwU cY¨ ev †mev AbjvB‡b AW©vi †`qvi c‡i †µZv‡K AbjvB‡b Zvi `vg
†gUv‡Z nq| GwU LyeB RwUj GKwU cÖwµqv| †jb‡`b m¤ú~Y© Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi dvBb¨vwÝqvj Ges
Bbdi‡gkb mvwf©‡mm Acv‡ikb msNwUZ nq| Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q AbjvB‡b e¨vswKs, AbjvBb wewjs, wbivc`
Z_¨ weZiY cÖf…wZ|

B-Kgv‡m©i me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© avc AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q

B›Uvi‡b‡U Avw_©K †jb‡`‡bi K_v P‡j G‡j Aek¨B AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡qi K_v ej‡Z nq| B›Uvi‡b‡U
hveZxq †jb‡`b AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡qi gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z n‡q _v‡K| GwU Ggb GKwU AbjvBb
wm‡÷g, hvi gva¨‡g GKRb †µZv Zvi †µwWU/†WweU KvW©, †gvevBj e¨vswKs Ges B›Uvi‡bU e¨vswKs‡qi
gva¨‡g †c‡g›U cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cvi‡e| GRb¨ Zv‡K mkix‡i †Kv‡bv RvqMvq Avm‡Z n‡e bv|
B-Kgvm© mvBUwU †µZvi GB †c‡g›U Zv‡`i wbR¯^ e¨vsK A¨vKvD›U †_‡K D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
A_©vr GLv‡b K¨vk Av`vb-cÖ`vb bv n‡qI †c‡g›U Av`vb-cÖ`vb n‡”Q| G‡K K¨vk‡jm c×wZ e‡j|
DbœZ †`‡k mKj cÖKvi †Kbv‡ePv GLb GB wbq‡gB n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki wKQy cwjwmi
Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki evB‡ii †Kv‡bv AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q‡Z evsjv‡`wk †Kv‡bv KvW© KvR Ki‡e bv|
evsjv‡`‡ki Ges †`‡ki evB‡ii KvW© AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q‡Z KvR Ki‡Z n‡j B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU‡K
evsjv‡`wk AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q wb‡Z n‡e| cY¨ µ‡q cÖ`Ë UvKv mivmwi B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui e¨vsK
A¨vKvD‡›U Rgv n‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q‡Z †`wk-we‡`wk me ai‡bi KvW© KvR K‡i|
evsjv‡`wk AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q¸‡jv B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui e¨vsK A¨vKvD‡›U cÖwZw`b A_ev mßv‡n
GKevi, `yBevi †c‡g›U K‡i _v‡K|
Avcwb hLb Avcbvi B-Kgvm© weR‡b‡mi Rb¨ AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q †iwR÷vi Ki‡eb ZLbB AbjvBb
†c‡g›U †MUI‡q †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jvi mv‡_ GB e¨vcv‡i †LvjvLywj K_v e‡j wK¬qvi n‡q †b‡eb| AbjvBb

c„ôv- 93
†c‡g›U †MUI‡q‡Z mvBb-Avc Kivi c‡i Avcbv‡K †c‡g›U †MUI‡q †Kv¤úvwbi c¨v‡b‡j A¨vK‡mm †`qv
n‡e| †mB c¨v‡bj †_‡K Avcwb †MUI‡qi gva¨‡g Avcbvi B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z hveZxq
wnmve-wbKvk †`L‡Z cvi‡eb| GB c¨v‡bj bv _vK‡j wVKg‡Zv wnmve-wbKvk ivLv m¤¢e bq| ZvB GB
welqUv Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| hvi c¨v‡bj hZ AvaywbK Ges we¯ÍvwiZ Zvi wnmve-wbKvk ZZ cwi®‹vi|

†µZv AbjvBb †c‡g›U Ki‡Z cvi‡eb wewfbœ Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g

AbjvB‡b evqbvK…Z c‡Y¨i `vg †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ GKRb †µZv Kv‡W© †c‡g›U Ki‡Z cv‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki
me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †c‡g›U Ackb¸‡jv n‡jv wfmv KvW©, gv÷vi KvW©, WvP-evsjv †b·vm KvW©, weKvk
†gvevBj e¨vsK, Bmjvgx e¨vsK †gvevBj e¨vswKs Ges wKDK¨vk BZ¨vw`| AviI A‡bK †c‡g›U Ackb
Av‡Q| mKj cÖKvi †`wk-we‡`wk wfmv Ges gv÷vi Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b AbjvB‡b †c‡g›U
Kiv m¤¢e|

Bb‡f›Uwi g¨v‡bR‡g‡›UI Av‡Q cÖhyw³i `iKvi

I‡qemvB‡U cY¨ †`‡L †µZv Kv‡W© `vg wgwU‡q AW©vi †`qvi ciciB B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U AW©vi cÖ‡mwms
cÖwµqv ïiæ nq| GwUI Lye RwUj GKwU cÖwµqv Ges GLv‡bI cÖwZwU †¶‡Î wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖhyw³ e¨envi
n‡q _v‡K hv‡Z K‡i B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvbwU hZ `ªæZ m¤¢e †µZvi Kv‡Q cY¨ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK
B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb Av‡Q †h¸‡jv wb‡R‡`i cY¨ ÷K K‡i iv‡L| G ai‡bi cÖwZôvb wb‡Ri Bb‡f›Uwi g¨v‡bR
K‡i _v‡K Ges Zv‡`i wbR¯^ mdUIq¨vi _v‡K †hLv‡b cY¨ m¤úwK©Z hveZxq Z_¨ cÖ‡mm Kiv nq| Gme
cÖwZôvb wewfbœfv‡e cY¨ Drcv`K‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Ges Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K cY¨ msMÖn K‡i wb‡Ri
÷‡K †i‡L †`q| Avevi A‡bK B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb AW©vi cvIqvi c‡i cY¨ msMÖn K‡i †mUv †µZv‡K
mieivn K‡i _v‡K| Bb‡f›Uwi g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui cy‡iv welqwU mdUIq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z nq| Avevi
A‡bK cÖwZôvb A_© I mgq euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ cY¨ ÷K K‡i bv| Zviv c‡Y¨i AW©vi cvIqvi c‡i c‡Y¨i
Drcv`K‡`i KvQ †_‡K AW©vi msMÖn K‡i _v‡K| GLv‡bI bvbv ai‡bi mdUIq¨vi I nvW©Iq¨v‡ii e¨envi
n‡q _v‡K|

AW©vi cÖ‡mwms I AW©vi dzjwdj‡g›U

c‡Y¨i AW©vi cvIqvi c‡i †mUv cÖ‡mm K‡i †µZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi Av‡M ch©šÍ wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwµqv
Av‡Q †hUv mdUIq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z nq| †hgbÑ A‡bK B-Kgvm© mvBU Kv÷gvi‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi
†bvwUwd‡Kkb w`‡Z _v‡K †h, Zvi AW©vi MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q, GB w`‡b cY¨ †Wwjfvwi n‡e cÖf…wZ| Kv÷gvi‡K
GB Bbdi‡gkb †`qvi Rb¨I cÖhyw³i n¯Í‡¶c `iKvi|

ÎæwUc~Y© cY¨ †diZ

A‡bK mgq cY¨ cvIqvi c‡i †µZv nq‡Zv cY¨wU cQ›` K‡ib bv ev c‡Y¨ Awbevh© Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv mgm¨v
†`Lv †`q| ZLb ÎæwUc~Y© cY¨wU †diZ wb‡q Zvi RvqMvq †µZv‡K fv‡jv cY¨ w`‡Z nq| Avevi cY¨ nv‡Z
cvIqvi c‡i †µZv cY¨wU cQ›` Ki‡jb bv (GLv‡b c‡Y¨i †Kv‡bv ÎæwU †bB)| †hgbÑ GKwU kvU© nv‡Z
cvIqvi c‡i †µZvi g‡b n‡jv †h Ab¨ i‡Oi GKB kvU©wU Zvi Rb¨ fv‡jv n‡e| ZLb cyi‡bv kvU©wU Avevi
†diZ †bqv nq| Bs‡iwR‡Z G‡K e‡j ÒReverse LogisticsÓ| G‡¶‡Î Avcbv‡K mieivnK…Z cY¨wU
†diZ wb‡q †mwU‡K cybivq c¨v‡KU K‡i wewµi Dc‡hvMx K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e|

94-c„ôv
wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs Qvov B-Kgvm© Pj‡eB bv
B-Kgv‡m©i GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask n‡”Q wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs| †dmeyK, BDwUDe, UzBUvimn wewfbœ mvgvwRK
gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i cY¨ I †mev‡K Zz‡j aiv Ges m¤¢ve¨ †µZv‡K AvK…ó Kiv GLb LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges GB
cy‡iv e¨vcviwU cÖhyw³wbf©i| †dmeyK eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q RbwcÖq mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvMgva¨g| GB
wePv‡i mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvMgva¨g B-Kgvm© cÖhyw³i GKwU Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask|

†gvevBj wWfvBm Ges A¨vwcø‡Kkb

eZ©gvb hyM n‡”Q †gvevBj wWfvB‡mi hyM| evsjv‡`‡k GLb ¯§vU©‡dvb LyeB RbwcÖq| A‡bK †jv‡Ki Kv‡QB
¯§vU©‡dvb Av‡Q| GKB mv‡_ U¨ve‡jU wcwm e¨enviKvixi msL¨vI Kg bq| Gme wWfvBm¸‡jv‡Z A¨vwcø‡Kkb
e¨envi Kiv nq| †gvevBj wWfvBm¸‡jv‡Z GLb wfwRUi AvK…ó Ki‡Z B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ
ai‡bi A¨vwcø‡Kkb ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡”Q| I‡qemvB‡Ui cvkvcvwk B-Kgvm© †µZviv hv‡Z A¨vwcø‡Kkb †_‡KI
cY¨ µq Ki‡Z cv‡ib †m welqwUI wbwðZ Kiv n‡”Q Ges Zvi Rb¨ †gvevBj †c‡g›U wm‡÷gI †W‡fjc
Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cy‡ivUv‡ZB i‡q‡Q cÖhyw³i KvimvwR|

WvUv gvBwbs
B-Kgv‡m©i Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q WvUv gvBwbs ev Z_¨ msMÖn| wb‡R‡`i cY¨ ev †mev Zz‡j aivi
Rb¨ m¤¢ve¨ †µZv †LuvRv, cyi‡bv †µZv‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM i¶v Kiv Ges Zv‡`i‡K I‡qemvB‡Ui bZzb
Avc‡MÖW I †mev m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bv cÖf…wZ WvUv gvBwbs‡qi Ask| Avevi wewfbœ †µZv m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ †RvMvo
K‡i Zv‡`i cQ›`-AcQ›` ey‡S †mB Abyhvqx weÁvcb †`qvi KvRUvI WvUv gvBwbs K‡i| B›Uvi‡b‡U wewfbœ
ai‡bi wd« WvUv gvBwbs mdUIq¨vi Av‡Q| GQvov wewfbœ ai‡bi mdUIq¨vi Av‡Q †h¸‡jv gva¨‡g GKwU
B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb wewfbœ Kv÷gvi m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i ïaygvÎ Zv‡`i‡K †mfv‡e Uv‡M©U K‡i weÁvcb
w`‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j Kg Li‡P mwVK Kv÷gvi mwVK weÁvcb cvb| †h Avg Pv‡”Qb, Zv‡K KuvVv‡ji
weÁvcb w`‡jI †m KuvVvj wKb‡eb bv| hw` Zv‡K Av‡gi weÁvcb †`Iqv hvq, Z‡e Av‡gi †ePv‡Kbv †e‡o
hvq| WvUv gvBwbs GB KvRwUB K‡i| ¯^í e¨‡q Kvh©Kix gv‡K©wUs‡qi gva¨‡g †mjm e„w× K‡i|

c„ôv- 95
Aa¨vq-23

†Wv‡gBb Ges †nvw÷s

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
†Wv‡gBb Ges †nvw÷s Kx †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|
†Wv‡gBb Ges †nvw÷s‡qi †iwR‡÷ªkb cÖwµqv Ges e¨e¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

†Wv‡gBb I †nvw÷s ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
Kxfv‡e †Wv‡gBb I †nvw÷s‡q †iwR‡÷ªkb Ki‡Z n‡e?
†Wv‡gBb I †nvw÷s‡qi e¨e¯’vcbv Kxfv‡e m¤úbœ n‡e?

†Wv‡gBb Kx?
†Wv‡gBb †bg n‡”Q †Kv‡bv GKwU I‡qemvB‡Ui bvg| †hgbÑ www.facebook.com GKwU I‡qemvBU|
GLv‡b www n‡”Q Iqvì© IqvBW I‡qf Avi facebook.com n‡”Q †Wv‡gBb †bg| GB I‡qemvB‡Ui
GKwU AvBwc A¨v‡Wªm Av‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨K I‡qemvB‡Ui GKwU wbw`©ó AvBwc _v‡K| wKš‘ AvBwc w`‡q I‡qemvBU
g‡b ivLv Kómva¨| †Wv‡gBb †b‡gi Kj¨v‡Y Avgiv A‡bK I‡qemvB‡Ui bvg g‡b ivL‡Z cvwi|

†Wv‡gBb MVb
†Wv‡gBb †b‡gi `ywU Ask _v‡K| GKwU‡Z bvg, Av‡iKwU‡Z G·‡Ubkb| †hgbÑ www.facebook.com|

96-c„ôv
GLv‡b †dmeyK n‡jv †Wv‡gBb †bg Ges WUKg n‡jv †Wv‡gBb G·‡Ubkb| I‡qemvB‡Ui aib Abyhvqx
G·‡Ubkb wm‡j± Kiv nq| G iKg wKQy G·‡Ubkb n‡jvÑ
ÔWUKgÕ eûj e¨eüZ G·‡Ubkb| mvaviYZ †Kv¤úvwb I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|
ÔWU‡bUÕ GK ev GKvwaK †bUIqv‡K©i Rb¨ e¨eüZ|
ÔWUAM©Õ †Kv‡bv AM©vbvB‡Rkb/msMV‡bi I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨|
ÔWUBb‡dvÕ e¨w³MZ A_ev Z_¨wfwËK I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨ e¨eüZ|
ÔWUwgÕ mvaviYZ †cvU©dwjI I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|

TLD I CCTLD Kx?

TLD gv‡b Top Level Domain| Dc‡ii hZ¸‡jv †Wv‡gBb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zvi me¸‡jvB Top Level
Domain| CCTLD n‡jv Country Code Top Level Domain| wewfbœ †`‡ki Rb¨ wKQy wbw`©ó
†Wv‡gBb G·‡Ubkb _v‡K| †hgbÑ.COM.BD/.IN/.PK|

†Wv‡gBb †bg wbe©vPb Kivi mgq j¶Yxq welq

mnR‡eva¨ bvg wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i wfwRUi mn‡RB bvg g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡ib|
I‡qemvB‡Ui welqe¯‘i mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© bvg w`‡Z n‡e| A_©vr B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi e¨emvi aib,
†cÖvWv‡±i mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Ggb †Kv‡bv bvg w`‡Z n‡e|
bvg msw¶ß nIqv evÃbxq| G‡Z †`L‡Z Ges ïb‡Z my›`i jv‡M| Avi g‡b ivLvI †mvRv|
eo †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi AbyKi‡Y bvg †`qv †_‡K weiZ _vKzb| †hgbÑ googlebd.com, yahooshop.
com etc|
Avcbvi cQ‡›`i †Wv‡gBb †bg Lvwj Av‡Q wK-bv Zv I‡q‡e mvP© w`‡q †PK Kiæb|

†Wv‡gBb †iwR‡÷ªk‡bi mgq mZK©Zvmg~n

†h †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K †Wv‡gBb wKb‡eb Zvi mv‡_ †Wv‡gBb cÖvBm wb‡q K_v e‡j wbb|
c‡ii eQ‡ii wiwbD Kivi PvR© KZ Zv †R‡b wbb| wKQy wKQy †cÖvfvBWvi †`Lv hvq cÖ_g eQi ¯^íg~‡j¨
w`‡jI c‡ii eQi A‡bK PvR© K‡i e‡m| ZvB †Wv‡gBb Adv‡ii AvIZvq wKb‡j †Wv‡gBb wiwbD
cÖvBm †R‡b †b‡eb|
c¨v‡b‡ji c~Y© wbqš¿Y †`‡e wK-bv †R‡b wbb Ges Aek¨B c¨v‡b‡ji c~Y© wbqš¿Y Avcbvi Kv‡Q ivL‡eb|
Zvn‡j cieZ©x‡Z Avcwb †h Kv‡iv †_‡K bevqb Kiv‡Z cvi‡eb|

†Wv‡gBb g¨v‡bR‡g›U
†Wv‡gBb g¨v‡bR‡g›U LyeB mnR GKwU KvR| Avcbvi I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨ cuvPwU welq Aek¨B Rvb‡Z
n‡e| wb‡P GB cuvPwU welq m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv KiwQ|

we¯ÍvwiZ cwiwPwZ
†Wv‡gBbwU Kx bv‡g ev †Kvb B-†gBj AvBwW w`‡q wbewÜZ n‡q‡Q, †Wv‡gBb †bqvi ci K›U¨v± wW‡UBj
†_‡K Zv hvPvB K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib|

†MvcbxqZvi myiÿv
†Wv‡gB‡b cÖvB‡fwm wmwKDwiwU ev †MvcbxqZv myiÿv Ackb Pvjy ivL‡j †Wv‡gB‡bi gvwjK‡K †KD †`L‡Z

c„ôv- 97
 cvi‡e bv| Avi GUv eÜ ivL‡j I‡qemvB‡Ui †Wv‡gB‡bi gvwj‡Ki B-†gBj wVKvbvq ¯ú¨vwgs nIqvi Szwu K K‡g
hvq| ZvB m¤¢e n‡j GUv Pvjy ivL‡eb| Aek¨ Pvjy ivL‡Z cÖwZ eQi Avcbvi 2-4 Wjvi LiP Ki‡Z n‡e|

†bg mvf©vi
Avcbvi †nvw÷s †cÖvfvBWvi Avcbv‡K 2wU ev 3wU †bg mvf©vi †`‡e| †`L‡Z A‡bKUv wb‡Pi 2wUi g‡Zv
n‡e| ns1.abcd.com, ns2.abcd.com GB `ywU †bg mvf©vi Avcbv‡K †Wv‡gBb c¨v‡b‡j emv‡Z n‡e|

†Wv‡gBb wm‡µU
GUv Rvbvi Av‡M GKUz †R‡b †bB †Wv‡gBb UªvÝdvi Kx? mnRfv‡e GK †iwR÷vi †_‡K Ab¨ †iwR÷v‡i
†Wv‡gBb n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv‡K †Wv‡gBb UªvÝdvi e‡j| †K‡bv †Wv‡gBb UªvÝdvi Ki‡Z nq? mvaviYZ †cÖvfvBWv‡ii
cÖvBwms e¨eavb, mvwf©m Ges mv‡cvU© GB wZbwU Kvi‡Y †Wv‡gBb UªvÝdvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e Avgv‡`i
†`‡k Av‡iKwU eo Kvi‡Y K¬v‡q›U †Wv‡gBb UªvÝdvi K‡i _v‡K Avi Zv n‡”Q †cÖvfvBWv‡ii ¯^”QZv ev
wek¦¯ÍZv| †Wv‡gBb UªvÝdvi Ki‡Z Avcbvi †Wv‡gBbwUi wbqš¿Y Avcbvi Kv‡Q _vKv PvB| †Wv‡gBb UªvÝdvi
Ki‡Z Avcbvi cÖavbZ `ywU wRwbm n‡jB m¤¢e, Zv n‡jv Ò†Wv‡gBb UªvÝdvi †KvWÓ| GUv wewfbœ bv‡g
n‡Z cv‡i| †cÖvfvBWvi‡f‡` bv‡gi wfbœZv _vK‡Z cv‡i| †hgb auth code, transfer key, transfer
secret, secret code, EPP code, EPP authentication code, or EPP| wØZxq n‡jv, †h B-†gBj
w`‡q †Wv‡gBb †iwR‡÷ªkb Kiv Av‡Q Zvi A¨v‡·m| A_©vr †Wv‡gBb cÖkvmK (A¨vWwgb) B-†gBj| †Kbbv,
¯’vbvšÍi Aby‡iv‡ai ci Avcbvi Kv‡Q AbygwZ †P‡q GKUv †gBj hv‡e, hv †_‡K Avcbv‡K m¤§wZ w`‡Z n‡e|
†gB‡ji A¨v‡·m bv _vK‡j Avcwb UªvÝdvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|

Pzwi †_‡K wbivcËv

†Wv‡gBb †bqvi ci Theft Protection Aek¨B Gbvej K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j †KD hw` Avcbvi E”P
†KvW †c‡qI hvq †m †Wv‡gBb Ab¨ †Kv_vI UªvÝdvi K‡i wb‡Z cvi‡e bv|

wKQy mveavbZv
GLb A‡b‡KB 400-500 UvKvq †Wv‡gBb †`qvi K_v ej‡e| Zv‡`i †_‡K †Wv‡gBb bv †bqvB fv‡jv|
AvBKv‡b †Wv‡gB‡bi me©wbgœ g~j¨ 700 UvKvi Dc‡i| we‡k¦i Uc-†j‡fj †Wv‡gBb wbqš¿K ms¯’v n‡jv AvBKvb|
g~jZ AvBKvb †_‡KB wewfbœ †iwR÷vi, mve-†iwR÷v‡ii gva¨‡g †Wv‡gBb eÈb Kiv nq Ges kZ© f½ Ki‡j
†h‡Kv‡bv mgq †Wv‡gBb eÜ Kivi ¶gZv iv‡L| †Wv‡gBb †hLvb †_‡KB †b‡eb m¤ú~Y© K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj †b‡eb
Ges †Wv‡gBb jK e¨envi Ki‡eb| †Wv‡gBb †Kbvi mgq privacy protection fee included wK-bv Ges
Av‡iv Kx Kx AwZwi³ wdPvi w`‡”Q G¸‡jvi Rb¨ Avjv`v wd wb‡”Q wK-bv †m¸‡jv †`‡L †b‡eb|

†Wv‡gBb cÖcv‡Mkb Kx?

Avgiv hLb †Wv‡gB‡bi wWGbG‡m wKQy cwieZ©b Kwi ZLb Zv mv‡_ mv‡_ cwieZ©b nq bv, wKQy mgq ci
cwieZ©b nq| GB wKQy mgq ci †h cwieZ©b nq GUvB n‡”Q †Wv‡gBb wWGbGm cÖcv‡Mkb UvBg| A_©vr
Avcbvi cwieZ©b Kiv wWGbGm †mwUsm ev †iKW© Avc‡WU n‡Z †h mgq jv‡M †mUvB n‡jv †Wv‡gBb
wWGbGm cÖcv‡Mkb UvBg|

†nvw÷s Kx Ges KZ cÖKvi

GKwU I‡qemvB‡Ui WvUv/B‡gR/wfwWI fvPz©qvj †÷v‡i‡R Rgv ivLv‡K †nvw÷s e‡j| ZvB I‡qe mvf©v‡i
I‡qemvB‡Ui Kb‡U›U Rgv ivLv ev †nvw÷s Kivi ciB GwU we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ †_‡K †`Lv hvq|

98-c„ôv
†nvw÷s Pvi cÖKvi
†kqviW †nvw÷s,
K¬vDW †nvw÷s,
wfwcGm †nvw÷s,
†WwW‡K‡UW †nvw÷s|

†kqviW †nvw÷s
GB mvf©vi A‡bK¸‡jv mvB‡Ui gv‡S fvM K‡i †`qv n‡j Zv‡K †kqviW †nvw÷s e‡j| †kqviW †nvw÷s‡q
GKB mvf©vi A‡b‡Ki gv‡S fvM K‡i †`qv nq e‡j G‡Z LiP A‡bK Kg nq| GB ai‡b‡i †nvw÷s †ek
RbwcÖq Ges cÖPwjZ GB mvf©v‡ii wbivcËv Kg _v‡K, KviY GLv‡b A‡bK K¬v‡q‡›Ui mvBU GKmv‡_ _v‡K|

K¬vDW †nvw÷s
mvaviYZ Avgiv hLb †Kv‡bv I‡qemvBU †nvw÷s Kwi, Zv GKwU mvf©v‡i msiw¶Z _v‡K| wKš‘ K¬vDW
†nvw÷s‡qi †¶‡Î A‡bK¸‡jv mvf©v‡ii gva¨‡g mvBU BDRv‡ii Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ‡Z GKwU
mvf©v‡ii g‡a¨B †hb mvBU mxgve× bv †i‡L cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx wfbœ wfbœ mvf©v‡ii mgš^‡q ˆZwi ejq ev
K¬vD‡Wi gva¨‡g BDRv‡ii Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK GB ejq A‡bK mgq wfbœ wfbœ †`‡k msiw¶Z
mvf©v‡ii mgš^‡q ˆZwi n‡q _v‡K| hw` GKwU mvf©vi †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y µ¨vk K‡i Zr¶Yvr Aci mvf©vi †_‡K
mvBU Pvjy nq| Gi Av‡iKwU myweav n‡jv cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Gi e¨vwß ev Kg©ÿgZv ev‡o| A_©vr AwZwi³
Uªvwd‡Ki mgq ¯^qswµqfv‡e eivÏK…Z wi‡mvm© evo‡Z _vK‡e| A_©vr nVvr hw` mvB‡U †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y GKB
mg‡q cÖPzi wfwRUi cÖ‡ek K‡i A_©vr UªvwdK †e‡o hvq, ZLb K¬vDW †nvw÷s ¯^qswµqfv‡e evowZ RvqMvi
eivÏ †`‡e| I‡qemvBU µ¨vk n‡Z †`‡e bv|

wfwcGm †nvw÷s
wfwcGm gv‡b n‡jv fvPz©qvj cÖvB‡fU mvf©vi| wfwcGm †nvw÷s‡q mvaviYZ GKUv †WwW‡K‡UW mvf©vi
K‡qKRb‡K fvM K‡i †`q| †hgb 16 wRwe i¨v‡gi GKUv mvf©vi Avcbv‡K w`j 4 wRwe Ges evwK¸‡jv
Av‡iv 3 Rb‡K w`j| Gfv‡e wfwcGm †nvw÷s me wi‡mvm© fvM K‡i †`q| mvaviYZ hLb GKUv †WwW‡K‡UW
mvf©v‡ii me wi‡mvm© Avcbvi jvM‡e bv, ZLbB G iKg †nvw÷s c¨v‡KR †b‡eb|

†WwW‡K‡UW †nvw÷s
hLb GKUv KgwcDUv‡ii cy‡ivUvB GKUv mvf©vi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq ZLb GUv‡K e‡j
†WwW‡K‡UW mvf©vi| Avi GB †WwW‡K‡UW mvf©v‡ii †nvw÷s‡K Avgiv ewj †WwW‡K‡UW †nvw÷s|
A‡bK KwVb K‡i ejv hvq Z‡e g~j K_v GBUvB| hw` Avcbvi I‡qemvBU A‡bK eo nq Ges k³
wbivcËv `iKvi ZLb GB †nvw÷s Kiv P‡j| GUv LyeB e¨qeûj| GKUv †WwW‡K‡UW mvf©v‡ii gvwmK
wd 150-500 Wjvi| GLb Avcwb hw` 2 Wjvi w`‡q 50 wRwe †¯úm gv‡m Pvb Zvn‡j Avcbv‡K
WvDbUvBg, mvBU †¯øv †jvwWs Gme welq mn¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB †Kbvi Av‡M G welqwU †f‡e †`Lyb|

†nvw÷s cQ›` Kivi Av‡M †hme welq gv_vq ivL‡eb

ev‡RU
cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB GKUv AvbygvwbK ev‡RU _v‡K, hvi g‡a¨ wZwb †nvw÷s wKb‡eb| GKB mv‡_ fv‡jv gv‡bi Ges
Kg UvKvi g‡a¨ wKb‡Z n‡j Aek¨B Avcbv‡K evRvi Ny‡i †`L‡Z n‡e| Avcwb KL‡bvB Aí UvKvq †ewk

c„ôv- 99
 †¯úm cv‡eb bv| †m‡¶‡Î Avcbv‡K WvDbUvBg, mvBU †¯øv †jvwWs Gme welq mn¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB
Avcbvi ev‡RU wba©viY Aek¨B ev¯Íem¤§Z n‡Z n‡e|

wW¯‹ †¯úm
†nvw÷s‡qi Av‡Mfv‡MB I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨ KZUzKz †¯úm jvM‡e Zv wnmve K‡l wb‡Z n‡e| e¨w³MZ
I‡qemvB‡Ui †ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ K‡qKUv †cR _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î 50 Ggwe †¯úmB h‡_ó| Avi hw` e¨w³MZ
eøM UvB‡ci I‡qemvBU nq Zvn‡j 200-500 Ggwe †¯úmB h‡_ó| Avi hw` †mLv‡b Qwe, Mvb, wfwWI
ivLv nq, Z‡e Avcbv‡K eo I‡qe †¯ú‡mi w`‡K bRi w`‡Z n‡e| A‡bK †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq, mvBU †nv÷
Kivi Rb¨ 100 Ggwe †nvw÷s h‡_ó A_P wK‡b †d‡jb 1-50 wRwe| eQi eQi AwZwi³ UvKv w`‡”Qb wKš‘
e¨envi Ki‡Qb †Kej 100 Ggwe| ZvB Ah_v †¯ú‡mi Rb¨ AwZwi³ UvKv bv w`‡q me‡P‡q †QvU cø¨vb
†_‡K ïiæ Kiv fv‡jv| hLb †¯úm †ewk cÖ‡qvRb co‡e ZLb cieZ©x cø¨v‡b Avc‡MÖW K‡i †bqvB †kÖq| cÖvq
me †Kv¤úvwbB Avc‡MÖW myweav w`‡q _v‡K| Avbwjwg‡UW †¯ú‡mi duv‡` cv bv †`qvB eyw×gv‡bi KvR| GUv
†¯ªd GKwU gv‡K©wUs wUªKm| †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi c‡¶B Avbwjwg‡UW †¯úm †`qv m¤¢e bq|

e¨vÛDB_
cÖwZevi wfwRUi I‡qemvB‡Ui hZ¸‡jv †cR wfwRU K‡ib, ZZ¸‡jv †cR, Qwe, Mvb, wfwWI A_©vr IB
†cR¸‡jv‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q me¸‡jvB cvV‡Ki KgwcDUv‡i WvDb‡jvW nq| cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq GKUv mvB‡Ui
1 wRwe e¨vÛDB_ h‡_ó| e¨w³MZ mvB‡Ui Rb¨ Gi †P‡q †ewk jvMvi K_v bq| Avi mvB‡U hw` cÖPzi
B‡gR, wfwWI BZ¨vw` _v‡K Zvn‡j cÖPzi e¨vÛDB_ jvM‡Z cv‡i| 10-100 wRwe A_ev Zvi‡P‡qI †ewk|

AvcUvBg/GmGjG M¨vivw›U
GKwU I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨ AvcUvBg welqwU LyeB Riæwi| †nv‡÷i mvf©vi hZ¶Y mPj _vK‡e, I‡qemvBUI
ZZ¶Y mwµq _vK‡e| GUv †KejgvÎ cvV‡Ki Rb¨B ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq, eis mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rk‡bI
A‡bK ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i| wfwRUi GKevi hw` I‡qemvB‡U G‡m †`‡Lb I‡qemvBU KvR Ki‡Q bv; ZLb Zvi
g‡b weiƒc cÖwZwµqv n‡e Ges wZwb fwel¨‡Z bvI Avm‡Z cv‡ib| wVK †Zgwb mvP© Bwćbi eU Bb‡W‡·i
mgq I‡qemvBU WvDb _vK‡j, wZwb wd‡i hv‡eb Ges Avcwb Avcbvi I‡qemvBU Bb‡W· nIqv †_‡K
ewÂZ n‡eb| GLb cÖwZwU †nvw÷s †Kv¤úvwbB 99.9 kZvsk UvBg mwµq _vKvi cÖwZkÖæwZ †`q| wKš‘ G‡`i
cÖK…Z AvcUvB‡gi wnmve cvIqv m¤¢e bq| ZvB †Kbvi Av‡M †h †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K †Kbvi K_v wPšÍv Ki‡Qb
†m †Kv¤úvwbi bv‡gi mv‡_ AvcUvBg kãwU jvwM‡q mvP© Bwćb mvP© w`b| †hgbÑ [hosting company
name] AvcUvBg wj‡L mvP© w`‡j Avcwb hosting company-Gi AvcUvBg m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
Avi †Kv¤úvwb hw` †Kv‡bv gv‡m AvcUvBg M¨vivw›U i¶v Ki‡Z bv cv‡i Zvn‡j †m Rb¨ †µwWU cÖ`vb K‡i
wK-bv †PK K‡i wbb|

g~j¨ †diZ kZ©

†mev cÖwZkÖæwZ Abyhvqx bv n‡j g~j¨ †di‡Z wbðqZvhy³ kZ© †Wv‡gBb I †nvw÷s‡qi fv‡jv gv‡bi cwiPvqK|
A‡bK †Kv¤úvwbB 30 w`‡bi gvwbe¨vK M¨vivw›U w`‡q _v‡K| ZvB †Kbvi Av‡M wbwðZ n‡q wbb †Kv¤úvwb
gvwbe¨vK M¨vivw›U w`‡”Q wK-bv|

cÖwZôv‡bi mvgwMÖK Ae¯’v

†nvw÷s †Kbvi Av‡M †nvw÷s †Kv¤úvwb fv‡jv bv g›` Zv †R‡b †bqvi †Póv Kiæb| †Kv¤úvwb m¤ú‡K©
BDRvi‡`i `„wófw½ †Kgb Zv †Kv¤úvwbi wiwfD †`L‡jB eyS‡Z cvi‡eb| †hgbÑ mvP© Bwćb [hosting

100-c„ôv
company name] wiwfD wj‡L mvP© w`‡j IB †nvw÷s †Kv¤úvwb m¤ú‡K© e¨enviKvix‡`i gZvgZ Rvb‡Z
cvi‡eb| †Kv¤úvwb †hme wewjs mdUIq¨vi e¨envi K‡i Zv ˆea Dcv‡q K‡i bvwK †PvivB mdUIq¨vi
e¨envi K‡i Zv wbwðZ n‡q wbb| hviv †PvivB w¯ŒÞ e¨envi K‡i mvwf©m †`q Zv‡`i‡K Gwo‡q Pjyb|

ZvrÿwYK †mev
KL‡bv mvf©vi WvDb n‡q †M‡j ZvrÿwYK Zv ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q Avbvi mÿgZv Av‡Q wK-bv Zv
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| A‡bK mgq GB ZvrÿwYK †mev ev mv‡cvU© †c‡Z K‡qK w`b †j‡M hvq| G‡Z A‡bK wfwRUi
nviv‡bvi SzuwK ˆZwi nq| Avi ZvB †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡cvU© KZ `ªæZ Zv wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ Kx Kx gva¨‡g
†nvw÷s †Kv¤úvwb mv‡cvU© w`‡q _v‡K Ges KZ Kg mg‡q †mev †`q I †mevi gvb †Kgb Zv †R‡b wb‡Z n‡e|

†nvw÷s wdPvi
†nvw÷s cwiKíbvq †Kv‡bv mxgve×Zv _vK‡j †mUv A‡bK mgq cwi®‹vi K‡i D‡jøL Kiv _v‡K bv| ZvB
Pvwn`vi mv‡_ †nvw÷s wdPvi¸‡jv wgwj‡q wb‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑ KL‡bv hw` GGmwc WU‡b‡U mvBU evbv‡Z
nq Zvn‡j DB‡ÛvR †nvw÷s jvM‡e| wjbAv· †nvw÷s‡q Pj‡e bv| ZvB †Kv¤úvwb cÖ‡qvRbxq wdPvi w`‡Z
cvi‡Q wK-bv Zv wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e|

mxgve×Zv
†nvw÷s‡q Kx Kx †nv÷ Kiv hv‡e Ges KZUzKz †¯úm, e¨vÛDB_, wmwcBD e¨envi Kiv hv‡e Zv ÔUvg©m Ae
mvwf©‡mmÕ †c‡R †`qv _v‡K| ZvB †Kv¤úvwbi Uvg©m Ae mvwf©‡mm c‡o Zvici †mev MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj
K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡b‡ji mvnv‡h¨ I‡qemvB‡Ui e¨e¯’vcbv Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| I‡qe †nvw÷s‡q me‡P‡q
mnR Ges AwaK wdPvimg„× K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj n‡”Q wmc¨v‡bj| ZvB memgq wmc¨v‡bj †nvw÷s †bqvB n‡e
eyw×gv‡bi KvR|

mvf©vi †jvW
†nvw÷s Kivi Av‡M mvf©vi Ifvi †jvW wK-bv Zv wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e| †nvw÷s †Kv¤úvwbi mvf©v‡ii †UvUvj
†Kvi Ges cÖ‡mmi m¤ú‡K© Rvbv _vK‡j GwU Av›`vR Kiv hv‡e| hw` mvf©vi †Kvi 8Uv nq Ges Zv‡`i mvf©vi
†jvW 8-Gi Dc‡i nq Zvn‡j mvf©vi Ifvi‡jvW| Avi Ifvi‡jvW mvf©v‡i mvBU †nv÷ Ki‡j mvBU †jvW
n‡Z †ewk mgq †b‡e|

KvwiMwi mxgve×Zv
eøM, B-Kgvm©, jvBf wfwWImn wewfbœ ai‡bi mvBU evbv‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j Kg`vwg mvf©vi Gwo‡q Pjyb| KviY
m¯Ív c¨v‡K‡Ri mvf©vi¸‡jvi nvW©Iq¨vi KbwdMv‡ikb Lye GKUv fv‡jv nq bv| Gme †ÿ‡Î mvBU AwaKvsk
mgqB AdjvBb/WvDb _vK‡e hv Kv‡iviB Kvg¨ bq| ZvB †nvw÷s cÖwZôvb evQvB Kivi Av‡M Zv‡`i KvQ
†_‡K †R‡b wb‡Z n‡e Avcbvi Rb¨ †KvbwU fv‡jv n‡e|

K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡bj
Avcwb hw` I‡qe RM‡Z bZzb n‡q _v‡Kb Zvic‡iI Avcbv‡K †cÖvfvBWv‡ii mvnvh¨ QvovB wb‡R wb‡R
w¯ŒÞ Bb÷j, B-†gBj †mUAvc, GdwUwc A¨vKvD›U †mwUs Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î wmc¨v‡bj A_ev †cø‡¯‹i
B›Uvi‡dm bZzb‡`i Rb¨ myweavRbK| Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖvq cÖwZwU †cÖvfvBWvi wmc¨v‡bj e¨envi K‡i _v‡K|

c„ôv- 101
 Aa¨vq-24

†ewmK wdPvi Ae B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui †ewmK wdPvi m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui aib m¤ú‡K© c~Y©v½ Av‡jvPbv|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K wkÿYxq

GKwU B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U Kx Kx †ewmK wdPvi `iKvi?
†Kvb †Kvb wdPvi Kx Kx Kvi‡Y `iKvi?

B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui †gŠwjK wdPvi

GKwU B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui cÖPzi wdPvi _vK‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †h wdPvi¸‡jv‡K ¸iæZ¡ bv w`‡jB bq G iKg
†ewmK wKQy wdPvi D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv GLv‡b|

†dwfKb
eªvDRv‡i A¨v‡Wªm ev‡i I‡qe wVKvbvi Av‡M †h wPý ev cÖZxK e¨envi Kiv nq †mUvB g~jZ †dwfKb|
GB wPý ev cÖZxK _vK‡j eªvDRv‡i GKmv‡_ A‡bK¸‡jv U¨ve †Lvjv _vK‡j †dwfK‡bi wfZi †_‡K
wbw`©ó I‡qemvB‡Ui U¨ve‡K c„_K K‡i †evSv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| ZvB †dwfKb I‡qemvB‡Ui GKwU Acwinvh©
Dcv`vb| †dwfKb Qvov I‡qemvBU Am¤ú~Y© †_‡K hvq|

102-c„ôv
mvP© e·
†µZv Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨ I‡qemvB‡Ui †h As‡ki gva¨‡g LyuR‡Z cv‡ib Zv‡KB mvP© e· e‡j| mvP© e·wU
I‡qemvB‡Ui Dcivs‡k Ggb Ae¯’v‡b _vK‡Z n‡e hv‡Z BDRv‡ii †Pv‡L mn‡R c‡o|

KvU© †cR wj¼

†Kv‡bv cY¨ Add to cart Kivi ci Cart-G hy³ Kiv me c‡Y¨i bvg Ges g~j¨mn †h †cR ˆZwi nq g~jZ
ZvB KvU© †cR| mvaviYZ Add to cart evU‡b †cÖm Ki‡j Avcwb KvU© †c‡R †h‡Z cvi‡eb|

jMBb I †iwR‡÷ªkb
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U jMBb I †iwR‡÷ªkb wm‡÷g _vK‡Z n‡e| G‡Z `yB w`K †_‡K myweav| B-Kgvm©
cÖwZôvb Rvb‡Z cvi‡Q †Kvb GjvKv †_‡K †Kvb eqmx Kv÷gvi Kx Kx cY¨ wKb‡Qb Ges GKRb wbw`©ó
Kv÷gvi KZevi †KbvKvUvi Rb¨ GB mvBU e¨envi Ki‡Qb| Avi Kv÷gv‡ii †¶‡Î myweav n‡”Q
†iwR‡÷ªk‡bi mg‡q wZwb Zvi A¨v‡Wªm ev hveZxq Z_¨ mvB‡U BbcyU †`b| †KbvKvUvi mg‡q Zv‡K GB
Z_¨¸‡jv Avi BbcyU w`‡Z n‡e bv|

K¨vUvMwi †bwf‡Mkb
K¨vUvMwi †bwf‡Mk‡bi gva¨‡g †µZv Lye mn‡RB Zvi Kvw•ÿZ cY¨ Lyu‡R cv‡eb| †bwf‡Mk‡bi mve-
†bwf‡Mkb w`‡q †µZv‡`i Rb¨ cY¨ wbe©vPb Kiv AviI mnR n‡q hv‡e| ZvB `„wób›`b K¨vUvMwi
†bwf‡Mk‡bi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB|

¯øvBWvi
¯øvBWvi n‡jv G‡Ki ci GK e¨vbvi cÖ`k©b Kivi GK ai‡bi c×wZ| GB c×wZ e¨envi K‡i I‡qemvB‡Ui
GKB As‡k bvbv iKg e¨vbvi cÖ`k©b Kiv m¤¢e| G‡Z †µZv mn‡R c‡Y¨i cÖwZ AvK…ó nb Ges ¯øvBWv‡i
wWm‡cø Kiv cY¨ †mj nIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K|

wdPvW© †cÖvWv±
†Kv‡bv cY¨ hw` †nvg †c‡R wfbœfv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i cÖvavb¨ †`qv nq Z‡e Zv wdPvW© †cÖvWv±| G‡Z †µZv
I‡qemvB‡U wfwRU Kivi ci mn‡RB cY¨wU Zvi †Pv‡L c‡o hvq| mgq Abymv‡i †µZvi CwáZ cY¨ wdPvW©
Ki‡Z cvi‡j IB c‡Y¨i Kbfvm©b fv‡jv nq Ges AwZwi³ †mj nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| †hgb kxZKv‡j
my‡qUvi, R¨v‡KU, kvj cÖf…wZ cY¨ wdPvW© Ki‡j Zvi wewµ †ewk nq|

†cÖvWv± Add to cart

cQ‡›`i cY¨ Kv‡U© hy³ Kivi †h evUb _v‡K ZvB g~jZ Add to cart evUb| Add to cart evU‡b †cÖm Kivi
ci Zv Cart †c‡R Rgv nq|

†cÖvWv‡±i GKvwaK Qwe

AbjvBb †KbvKvUvq GKwU we‡kl Ask n‡jv c‡Y¨i Qwe| KviY Kv÷gvi c‡Y¨i Qwe †`‡L we‡ePbv K‡ib|
ïaygvÎ c‡Y¨i GKwU gvÎ Qwe Øviv cY¨ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ aviYv cvIqv m¤¢e bq| ZvB cY¨ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ
aviYv w`‡Z n‡j GKvwaK c‡Y¨i B‡gR e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb GKwU w_ªwcm cY¨ n‡j Kvwg‡Ri

c„ôv- 103
 mvg‡b wcQ‡bi Qwe, Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e mv‡jvqvi Ges Iobvi Qwe mvB‡U _vK‡Z n‡e| B-Kgv‡m© cY¨
†h‡nZz aiv hvq bv, ïay †`Lvi gva¨‡gB cQ›` Ki‡Z nq| ZvB GKvwaK B‡gR e¨envi Ki‡j cY¨ m¤ú‡K©
†µZvi wVKVvK aviYv Rb¥vq|

wi‡j‡UW †cÖvWv±
wi‡j‡UW †cÖvWv± n‡jv †Kv‡bv c‡Y¨i mswkøó Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cY¨| †hgb GKwU kv‡U©i †c‡Ri mswkøó cY¨ n‡Z
cv‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv eª¨v‡Ûi kvU©| †cÖvWv± †c‡R hw` mswkøó †cÖvWv± wm‡÷g _v‡K Zvn‡j †µZv hLb GKwU
cY¨ wKb‡Z hvb ZLb Ab¨ cY¨ m¤ú‡K©I Zvi AvMÖn m„wó nq| GUv GK ai‡bi wecYb †KŠkj e‡U|

wbDR‡jUvi mvew¯ŒÞkb
wbDR‡jUvi mvew¯ŒÞkb n‡jv Ggb GK c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g †µZvi B-†gBj wVKvbv msMÖn Kiv hvq Ges
cieZ©x‡Z bvbv ai‡bi cÖ‡gvkbvj Advi cvwV‡q †µZv‡K Rvbv‡bv hvq| G‡KB B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs e‡j|
I‡qemvB‡Ui †µZv a‡i ivLvi †¶‡Î wbDR‡jUvi mvew¯ŒÞkb Lye fv‡jv KvR K‡i|

†mvk¨vj wgwWqvq B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui cÖPviYv

B-Kgvm© e¨emv‡Z UªvwdK evov‡bvi Ab¨Zg gva¨g †mvk¨vj wgwWqv| ZvB †mvk¨vj wgwWqvq †µZv‡`i
gv‡S memgq cÖPviYv Pvjv‡Z nq| †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi gva¨‡g `yBfv‡e wfwRUi Avbv hvq| cÖ_g c×wZwU
n‡”QÑ †mvk¨vj wgwWqvq wb‡R‡`i I‡qemvB‡Ui cÖPviYv Pvwj‡q wfwRUi Avbv| wØZxq c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv
wfwRUi hw` B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U Av‡M cÖ‡ek K‡i †m †mLvb †_‡K mswkøó †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi †cR¸‡jv‡Z
wM‡q jvBK w`‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i| GB †cR¸‡jv‡Z memgq cY¨-mswkøó cÖ‡gvkb¸‡jv Pj‡e| jvBK †`qvi
d‡j wfwRU‡ii †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi A¨vKvD‡›U GB cÖ‡gvkb¸‡jv P‡j Avm‡e| Avi GB cÖ‡gvk‡bi gva¨‡g
†mvk¨vj wgwWqvB evievi wfwRUiwU‡K I‡qemvB‡U Avb‡e| ZvB I‡qemvB‡U †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi wjsK ev
†Kv‡bv cøvMBb _vKv Riæwi|

†c‡g›U †MUI‡q
B-Kgvm© mvB‡U †µZv hv‡Z wewfbœ cš’vq evqbvK…Z c‡Y¨i g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z
n‡e| †µwWU KvW©, †gvevBj e¨vswKs ev AbjvBb e¨vswKs wm‡÷‡gi gva¨‡g †c‡g›U wbðqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
n‡e| GRb¨ _vW© cvwU© ev †mjd †nv‡÷W †c‡g›U †MUI‡q e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wbR¯^ †nv‡÷W
†MUI‡q cÖPzi e¨q mv‡c¶| Ab¨w`‡K _vW© cvwU© †MUI‡q e¨env‡i LiP A‡bK Kg| †c‡g›U †MUI‡qi
gva¨‡g †µZv Lye mn‡RB AbjvB‡b †µwWU KvW©, †gvevBj e¨vswKs ev AbjvBb e¨vswKs wm‡÷‡gi gva¨‡g
†c‡g›U Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

mvBR Ges is wbe©vPb

mvBR Ackb †_‡K †µZv Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb AvKv‡ii cY¨wU †Kbv DwPZ †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡eb| wKš‘
Gici Av‡iKwU avc mnR K‡i †`qv hvq hw` Add to cart-Gi mgq mvBR wbe©vP‡bi Ackb _v‡K| ïay
mvBRB bq, hw` †cÖvWv±wU Ggb nq †h GKB †cÖvWv± Av‡iv A‡bK is‡qi Av‡Q Zvn‡j Kvjvi wbe©vPb Kivi
Ackb w`‡j Kv÷gvi mn‡RB Zvi Kx Kvjvi cÖ‡qvRb †mwU Rvbv‡Z cvi‡eb|

104-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-25

µm eW©vi B-Kgvm©
Av¶wiK A‡_© hw` µm eW©vi B-Kgvm© gv‡b AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e AbjvB‡b †Kbv‡ePv Kiv| A_©vr evsjv‡`‡k
e‡m Av‡gwiKvi †Kv‡bv cY¨ AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g µq Kiv wKsev evsjv‡`k †_‡K †Kv‡bv cY¨ AbjvB‡bi
gva¨‡g Ab¨ †`‡k wewµ Kiv‡K µm eW©vi B-Kgvm© e‡j| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e‡`Šj‡Z AvR mviv c„w_ex Avgv‡`i
nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq| GLb cy‡iv c„w_ex‡K GKwU MÖvg wn‡m‡e Kíbv Kiv nq| hv‡K ejv nq Ô†Møvevj wf‡jRÕ|
†hLv‡b GK †`‡ki gvby‡li mv‡_ Av‡iK †`‡ki gvby‡li ˆewk¦K ms‡hvM i‡q‡Q| †fŠ‡MvwjK mxgv †cwi‡q
†Møvevj wf‡j‡Ri cÖwZwU gvbyl ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ Kv‡b‡±W| B-Kgvm© gvby‡li mv‡_ gvby‡li GB Kv‡bw±wfwUi
†¶‡Î GK bZzb gvÎv `vb K‡i‡Q|
wewfbœ Z_¨m~Î Abyhvqx, 2021 mv‡ji g‡a¨ mviv we‡k¦ AbjvBb e¨emv 4.5 wUªwjqb Wjvi gv‡K©U ˆZwi
n‡Z hv‡”Q hvi 21 kZvsk Ry‡oB i‡q‡Q µm eW©vi B-Kgvm©| µm eW©vi B-Kgvm© AvaywbK gv‡K©‡Ui GK
Avðh©RbK NUbv| AvaywbK w`‡bi Kv÷gviiv fxlY ¯§vU© hviv Lye mn‡RB wewfbœ I‡qemvBU †Nu‡U c‡Y¨i
g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges m‡e©v”P mvwf©mm¤úbœ cY¨wU †e‡Q †bb| Kv÷gviiv PvB‡jB GLb B›Uvi‡bU
e¨envi K‡i wewfbœ †`‡ki B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU †`L‡Z cv‡ib Ges †mLvb †_‡K cY¨ AW©vi K‡ib| ZvB
B-Kgvm© MÖvnKiv eZ©gv‡b Ôµm eW©vi B-Kgvm©Õ‡K Avcb K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| wb‡gœ Ggb 5wU KviY †`Lv‡bv n‡jv
hv †_‡K Avgiv fwel¨‡Z µm eW©vi B-Kgv‡m©i mdjZv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvwi|

c„ôv- 105
 †MøvevjvB‡Rk‡bi e„w×
cÖwZwU e¨emvqxiB j¶¨ _v‡K AvšÍR©vwZK cwigЇj Zvi e¨emvi we¯Ívi NUzK! Gi eo KviY, cy‡iv wek¦
Ry‡o hLb Avcbvi Kv÷gviiv _vK‡eb ZLb Avcbvi e¨emvi jvfUvI n‡e wekvj| B›Uvi‡bU GLb gvbyl‡K
†mB myweavwU w`‡q‡Q| gvbyl GLb PvB‡j we‡k¦i GKcÖv‡šÍ e‡m B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ gZwewbgq
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †KD hw` BwÛqv Ges d«v‡ÝI e‡m _v‡Kb, wZwb PvB‡j †m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ Pvqbvi m‡e©v”P
weµxZ c‡Y¨i K_v Rvb‡Z cv‡ib Ges K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨ cY¨ nv‡Zi Kv‡Q †c‡Z cv‡ib| mviv we‡k¦i
e¨emvqxivB GKB mv‡_ me‡P‡q DbœZ Ges me‡P‡q m¯Ív c‡Y¨i Advi w`‡q _v‡Kb, hv‡Z K‡i Zvi
cÖwZ‡hvMx e¨emvqx‡`i Qvwo‡q AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i wb‡Ri RvqMv K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib| Avevi Ab¨w`‡K
Kv÷gviiv †Kv‡bv cY¨ †Kbvi Av‡M Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i m‡e©v”P mš‘wói K_v gv_vq iv‡Lb| me‡P‡q MÖnY‡hvM¨
gva¨‡g me‡P‡q DbœZ cY¨wUB wKb‡Z Pvb| ZvB Kv÷gvi Ges e¨emvqx Df‡qiB gb¯‹vgbv c~iY K‡i µm
eW©vi B-Kgvm©|

c‡Y¨i wekvj mgvnvi

Kv÷gvi mvB‡KvjwRUv GKUz Ab¨iKg| †Kv‡bv cY¨ †`Lvi AvM ch©šÍ Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡ib bv Zv‡`i cY¨wU
Avm‡jB `iKvi wK-bv| A_©vr hLb GKRb Kv÷gvi GKvwaK cY¨ †`‡Lb, ZLb ûU K‡i Zvi g‡b n‡Z
_v‡K ÔAv‡i GB cY¨wU Avgvi †Kbv `iKviÕ| wKš‘ †`kxq B-Kgvm© mvB‡U Kv÷gvi‡K Lye wjwg‡UW cY¨B
†`Lv‡bv m¤¢e| nqZ A‡bK †¶‡Î AZx‡Z †mme †cÖvWv± Kv÷gvi wK‡b †d‡j‡Qb †m¸‡jvB bZzb K‡i
†`Lv‡bv nq, d‡j Zviv †mB cY¨ wKb‡Z Avi AvMÖnx nb bv| Gfv‡e B-Kgvm© gv‡K©U Kv÷gvi nvwi‡q
†d‡j| Ab¨w`‡K µm eW©vi B-Kgv‡m©i gva¨‡g Kv÷gvi GKvwaK cY¨ †`L‡Z cvb| wek¦evRv‡i me PjwZ
cY¨¸‡jv wZwb GK wbwg‡l †`‡L †dj‡Z cv‡ib Ges bZzb ai‡bi cY¨ wKb‡Z AvMÖnx n‡q I‡Vb|

fvlvi †Kv‡bv evav †bB

†Kv‡bv †jvKvj we‡µZv †_‡KB †µZv cY¨ †K‡bb? Gi GKUv eo KviY wKš‘ fvlv| Kv÷gvi c‡Y¨i
¸Yv¸Y m¤ú‡K© A‡bK wKQyB Rvb‡Z Pvb, wKš‘ fvlvMZ Kvi‡Y Ab¨ †`‡ki we‡µZvi mv‡_ wZwb cY¨welqK
K_vevZ©v Pvjv‡Z ¯^v”Q›`¨‡eva K‡ib bv| gRvi e¨vcvi µm eW©vi B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBUmg~n Bs‡iwR fvlv‡ZB
Kv÷gvi‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j| wKš‘ Uªv݇jkb evU‡bi gva¨‡g mn‡RB Kv÷gvi wbR fvlv‡Z cY¨ m¤ú‡K©
me Z_¨ †c‡Z cv‡ib|

AvšÍR©vwZK †c‡g‡›Ui myweav

wfmv KvW©, gv÷vi KvW©, Av‡gwiKvb G·‡cÖm cÖf…wZ AvšÍR©vwZK †c‡g›U mvwf©m µm eW©vi B-Kgvm©‡K
AviI RbwcÖq K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| KviY GKwU †c‡g›U mvwf©‡mi AvIZvq G‡j GKRb MÖvnK †h‡Kv‡bv †`k †_‡K
Zvi cQ›`mB cY¨ µq Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

fwel¨r `uvwo‡q Av‡Q †gvevB‡ji Dci

µm eW©vi B-Kgv‡m©i †ewkifvM †KbvKvUv ¯§vU©‡dvb A¨v‡ci gva¨‡g nq, GgbwK †c‡g›U cwi‡kvaI!
2013 mv‡j Av‡gwiKv, hy³ivR¨, Rvg©vwb, A‡÷ªwjqv, Pxb I eªvwR‡j †gvevB‡ji gva¨‡g µm eW©vi
B-Kgvm© gv‡K©U 36.4 wewjqb Wjvi Avq K‡i| evRv‡i me µm eW©vi B-Kgv‡m©i gva¨‡g †KbvKvUvi GK
Z…Zxqvs‡kiI †ewk †gvevB‡ji gva¨‡g m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| aiv hv‡”Q, 2019 mv‡ji g‡a¨ GB g~j¨ cÖvq wZb¸Y

106-c„ôv
†e‡o 106.4 wewjqb Wjv‡i DbœxZ n‡e| GKwU mgx¶vq †`Lv hvq, cÖvq 76 kZvsk µm eW©vi B-Kgvm©
D‡`¨v³v e‡jb, Zviv fwel¨‡Z †gvevBj kwcs‡qi gva¨‡g µm eW©vi B-Kgvm© e¨emv Ki‡Z Pvb|

µm eW©vi B-Kgv‡m©i SzuwKmg~n

µm eW©vi B-Kgv‡m©i wZbwU cÖavb P¨v‡jÄ i‡q‡Q| cÖ_gwU n‡jv cÖZviYv| †hme e¨emvqx †`‡ki evB‡i
Zv‡`i cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z Pvb Zviv me‡P‡q eo †hB P¨v‡j‡Äi gy‡LvgywL nb Zv n‡”Q A_© cÖZviYv| nqZ
MÖvnK Ggb mvwf©‡mi gva¨‡g UvKv cwi‡kva K‡i‡Qb, †hLv‡b e¨emvqxi UvKv †Zvjvi AwaKvi †bB ev †mB
†c‡g›U mvwf©m Avm‡j cÖZviYvg~jK †Kv‡bv ms¯’v| GRb¨ weµ‡qi c~‡e©B e¨emvqx‡K GKwU wbw`©ó †c‡g›U
mvwf©‡m Avm‡Z n‡e hv †µZv Ges we‡µZv Df‡qi Rb¨ mnR‡eva¨ nq| Gi evB‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †c‡g›U
mvwf©‡mi gva¨‡g UvKv cÖ`vb we‡µZvi Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv| Gfv‡e A‡bKvs‡k cÖZviYv Kwg‡q Avbv
hvq|
jwRw÷K mieiv‡ni †¶‡Î we‡µZv‡K AviI †ewk g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z Zvi e¨emvq †bwZevPK
†Kv‡bv cÖfve bv c‡o| `iKv‡i ïay jwRw÷‡Ki Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwb‡Z Avjv`v e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| ¯’vbxq
miKvi‡K Aek¨B µm eW©vi B-Kgvm© m¤úwK©Z AvBb Ges bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e| GB bxwZgvjv
e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †Kv‡bv †`‡k myôz µm eW©vi B-Kgvm© m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e bq|

c„ôv- 107
 Aa¨vq-26

I‡qemvBU bKkv Ges Dbœqb

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
GKwU B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU wWRvBb Ges †W‡fjcg›U Kxfv‡e Kiv hvq †mB m¤ú‡K© wek` Av‡jvPbv|
I‡qemvBU †W‡fjc‡g‡›Ui mg‡q Kx Kx welq we‡ePbvq ivLv DwPZ Zv m¤úwK©Z aviYv cÖ`vb|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU wWRvBb m¤ú‡K©|
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU wWRvB‡bi mgq we‡eP¨ welqmg~n Kx Kx?
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU †W‡fjc‡g›U m¤ú‡K©|
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU †W‡fjc‡g‡›Ui we‡eP¨ welqmg~n Kx Kx?

B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU wWRvBb

GKUv I‡qemvBU †`L‡Z †Kgb n‡e ev Gi mvaviY iƒc †Kgb n‡e Zv g~jZ wba©viY K‡i I‡qe wWRvBb|
I‡qemvBUwUi †j-AvDU †Kgb n‡e, I‡qemvBUwUi cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dcv`vb Kxfv‡e wfwRU‡ii Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb
Kiv n‡e, I‡qemvBUwUi Kvjvi I d›Um Kx n‡e, †nWv‡i †Kv_vq †gby _vK‡e, mvBWevi n‡e wK-bv,
B‡gR¸‡jv Kxfv‡e cÖ`k©b Ki‡eÑ G mewKQyB I‡qe wWRvB‡bi AšÍfz©³| I‡qemvB‡Ui Z_¨¸‡jv
†Kv_vq Ges Kxfv‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡e †mUv Dc¯’vcb KivB n‡”Q I‡qemvBU wWRvBb| Avi GB wWRvBb Kivi
Rb¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z nq wKQy †cÖvMÖvwgs, w¯ŒwÞs j¨v½y‡qR Ges gvK©Avc j¨v½y‡qR| †hgbÑ GBPwUGgGj,

108-c„ôv
wmGmGm, Rvfv w¯ŒÞ BZ¨vw`| GK K_vq I‡qe wWRvBb GKUv I‡qemvB‡Ui evwn¨K Aeqe ˆZwi K‡i
†`q| B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU wWRvB‡bi mgq wKQy ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z wb‡P Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡jv|

†jv‡Mv
GKwU e¨emvi cwiP‡qi cÖZxK n‡”Q Gi †jv‡Mv| B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU ˆZwii †¶‡ÎI †jv‡Mv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
f‚wgKv iv‡L| ZvB †jv‡Mv evbv‡bvi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e GwU hv‡Z I‡qemvB‡U e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx
nq| AbjvBb kwcs‡qi †¶‡Î GKUv †jv‡Mv †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb ev msMV‡bi Rb¨ wbðqZv ev wek¦v‡mi cÖZxK
wn‡m‡eI KvR K‡i| my›`i I cwi”Qbœ †jv‡Mv GKwU †Kv¤úvwb‡K GKUv eª¨vÛ wn‡m‡e `uvo Kiv‡bvi cÖ_g
nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hvq|

Kvjvi/is
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui †¶‡Î Kvjvi/is GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| GKwU I‡qemvBU‡K AvKl©Yxq K‡i Zzj‡Z
Ges m¤¢ve¨ †µZv‡K AvK…ó Ki‡Z Kvjv‡ii f‚wgKv AKíbxq| is gvby‡li gb, iæwP, AvPiY BZ¨vw`‡Z
cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i| GQvov e¨emvi aib Abymv‡i i‡Oi e¨envi wfbœ wfbœ nq| †hgb dv÷dzW ev †i÷z‡i›U
RvZxq I‡qemvBU¸‡jvq Mvp jvj I Kgjv is e¨envi Kiv nq| Avevi d¨vkb m¤úwK©Z B-Kgvm© mvB‡U
cv‡c©j ev †Mvjvwc i‡Oi cÖvavb¨ _v‡K|
ZvB B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui is wbe©vP‡bi mgq m¤¢ve¨ †µZv Ges e¨emvi ai‡bi K_v gv_vq ivLv DwPZ|
GKwU w_g Kvjvi/is wbe©vPb K‡i †m Abyhvqx cy‡iv I‡qemvBU wWRvBb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i (†hgbÑ †gby,
†nWvi, †U·U, nvBjvB‡UW Kvjvi, †nwWs Kvjvi)| e¨vKMÖvDÛ Kvjvi h_vm¤¢e nvjKv ivLvi †Póv Kiv DwPZ
(Z‡e cÖ‡qvR‡b Mvp is Ges e¨vKMÖvDÛ B‡gRI e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i)| evUb Kvjvi, gvDm †nvevi
Kvjvi w_g Kvjv‡ii mv‡_ wgj K‡i ivLv DwPZ|

d›U
†U·U/d›U I‡qemvB‡Ui Av‡iv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb| †U·U/d›U I‡qemvB‡Ui †mŠ›`h© cÖvq 40 kZvsk
evwo‡q †`q| myZivs mvB‡Ui †U·U/d›U my›`i nIqv Riæwi| I‡qemvB‡Ui †jLv mn‡R cov hvq Ggb d›U
wbe©vPb Kiv DwPZ| mvB‡Ui d‡›Ui mvBR †hb Lye †ewk eo ev †QvU bv nq! Z‡e nvBjvB‡UW †U·U¸‡jv
AvKv‡i eo ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i| GQvov A‡bK B-Kgvm© mvBU nvBjvB‡UW †U·‡Ui †¶‡Î †evì, AvÛvijvBb
Ges BUvwjK d›U cÖvavb¨ †`q|

B‡gR/Qwe
I‡qemvBU‡K Lye my›`i Ges `„wób›`b K‡i Dc¯’vc‡bi Ab¨Zg Dcv`vb n‡”Q Qwe/B‡gR| I‡qemvB‡U
mvaviYZ c‡Y¨i Qwe, e¨vbvi Qwe, weÁvcbg~jK Qwe e¨envi nq| I‡qemvB‡U B‡gR/Qwe e¨env‡ii mgq
DbœZ †iRy¨‡jk‡bi Qwe e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| cvkvcwk B‡g‡Ri e¨vKMÖvDÛ, k¨v‡Wv, wi‡d¬Kkb, †d«g,
eªvBU‡bm, K›Uªv‡÷i w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z nq| G‡Z K‡i QwewU A‡bK †ewk RxešÍ g‡b n‡e|

A¨vwb‡gkb
I‡qemvB‡U A¨vwb‡gkb e¨envi Kivi †¶‡Î mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Kiv DwPZ| KviY A‡bK mgq AwZwi³
A¨vwb‡gkb e¨env‡i I‡qemvBUwU fvix Ges axiMwZi n‡q hvq|

c„ôv- 109
 †j-AvDU
†j-AvD‡Ui gva¨‡g GKwU mvB‡Ui wfbœ Dcv`v‡bi Ae¯’vb wba©viY Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î GKwU I‡qemvB‡Ui
†j-AvDU Ggb nIqv DwPZ hv‡Z GKRb wfwRUi mn‡RB eyS‡Z cv‡ib mvBUwUi †Kv_vq Kx Av‡Q| †hgbÑ
†µZviv hv‡Z Lye mn‡RB cY¨ Lyu‡R †c‡Z cv‡ib †m Rb¨ I‡qemvB‡Ui †nWv‡iB GKwU my›`i mvP©evi ivLv|

mn‡RB †Pv‡L c‡o Ggb Add To Cart/BUz Now Ackb

†Kv‡bv †cÖvWv± †c‡R Avmvi ci hv‡Z †µZv Lye mn‡RB cY¨ wKb‡Z cv‡ib †mRb¨ Add To Cart/BUz
Now evUbwU Ggbfv‡e ivLv DwPZ hv‡Z GwU Lye mn‡RB †Pv‡L c‡o| G‡Z K‡i GKRb wfwRUi Lye
mn‡RB †µZvq iƒcvšÍwiZ nb| Z‡e BUz Now-Gi †P‡q Add To Cart e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| †`Lv †M‡Q
BUz Now-Gi gva¨‡g mvaviYZ †µZv GKwU cY¨ †Kbvi cÖwZ cÖfvweZ nb| Ab¨w`‡K Add To Cart
evU‡bi gva¨‡g †µZv GKvwaK cY¨ †Kbvq cÖfvweZ nb|

BDRvi †d«Ûwj †gby¨/K¨vUvMwi Ackb

B-Kgvm© mvB‡U mvaviYZ †µZviv Zv‡`i cQ›` Abymv‡i wewfbœ K¨vUvMwi †_‡K cY¨ wKb‡Z Pvb A_ev
mvB‡Ui †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó †c‡R †h‡Z Pvb| ZvB c‡Y¨i K¨vUvMwi/†gby¨ Lye mnR I ¯úófv‡e Dc¯’vcb
Ki‡Z n‡e|

GKB c‡Y¨i GKvwaK Qwe

B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U mvaviY †µZviv c‡Y¨i Qwe †`‡LB cY¨ wKb‡Z AvMÖnx nb| †m‡¶‡Î GKB c‡Y¨i
GKvwaK Qwe _vK‡j cY¨wU m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv aviYv †c‡Z mnR nq| ZvB I‡qemvBU wWRvB‡bi †¶‡Î †Lqvj
ivL‡Z n‡e †mLv‡b †hb GKB c‡Y¨i GKvwaK Qwe †`qvi e¨e¯’v _v‡K|

µm eªvDRvi mv‡cvU©
mvaviYZ I‡qemvBU wfwRU‡iiv wewfbœ I‡qe eªvDRvi (†hgbÑ dvqvid·, †µvg, B›Uvi‡bU G·‡cøvivi,
mvdvwi BZ¨vw`) †_‡K I‡qemvBU wfwRU K‡i _v‡Kb| GRb¨ I‡qemvBU wWRvBb Kivi mgq j¶ ivL‡Z
n‡e GwU †hb RbwcÖq me eªvDRv‡i KvR K‡i| GB wewfbœ eªvDRv‡i I‡qemvBU mg_©b KivB n‡”Q µm
eªvDRvi mv‡cvU©|

†imcwÝf wWRvBb
GKRb wfwRUi mvaviYZ wewfbœ wWfvBm (†hgbÑ †W¯‹Uc, j¨vcUc, †gvevBj) †_‡K I‡qemvBU wfwRU
K‡i _v‡Kb| G‡¶‡Î I‡qemvBUwU †hb me wWfvBm †_‡KB my›`ifv‡e †`Lv hvq †m Abyhvqx I‡qemvBUwU
wWRvBb Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡KB e‡j †imcwÝf wWRvBb|

B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU †W‡fjc‡g›U

GKwU B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU Kxfv‡e KvR Ki‡e †m Abymv‡i A¨vwcø‡Kkb ˆZwi KivB n‡”Q B-Kgvm©
I‡qemvBU †W‡fjc‡g›U| I‡qemvBU bKkvq mvaviYZ I‡qemvB‡Ui †Kv_vq Kx _vK‡e, Kxfv‡e _vK‡e
†mwU wba©vwiZ nq| Avi I‡qemvBU †W‡fjc‡g›U wba©viY K‡i †mB Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kxfv‡e KvR Ki‡e|
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U cY¨ †hvM Kiv, Qwe mwbœ‡ek, †µZv wbeÜb, cY¨ µq, g~j¨ cwi‡kva BZ¨vw` Kxfv‡e
KvR Ki‡e †mUv ˆZwi KivB n‡”Q I‡qemvBU †W‡fjc‡g›U| B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU mvaviYZ `yBfv‡e
†W‡fjc Kiv hvq| GKwU Dcvq n‡”Q, ˆZwiK…Z mdUIq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g| Avi Ab¨wU n‡”Q, wewfbœ †cÖvMÖvwgs

110-c„ôv
fvlvi gva¨‡g Kv÷gvBRW I‡qemvBU ˆZwi| evRv‡i ˆZwiK…Z A‡bK B-Kgvm© mdUIq¨vi Av‡Q| †m¸‡jvi
gva¨‡g Lye mn‡RB B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU ˆZwi Kiv hvq| B-Kgvm© mdUIq¨vi¸‡jv Kb‡U›U g¨v‡bR‡g›U
wm‡÷g ms‡¶‡c wmGgGm bv‡g cwiwPZ| Z‡e wmGgG‡mi gva¨‡g I‡qemvBU ˆZwii †¶‡Î wKQy mxgve×Zv
i‡q‡Q| Avevi Ab¨w`‡K Kv÷gvBRW I‡qemvBU ˆZwi mgq Ges e¨q mv‡c¶| B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU ˆZwii
mgq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z Kx Kx Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i wb‡P Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

`ªæZMwZi I‡qemvBU
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U wfwRUi a‡i ivL‡Z n‡j Ges wfwRUi‡K †µZvq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡j mvBUwU Aek¨B
`ªæZMwZ m¤úbœ nIqv Riæwi| `ªæZMwZ m¤úbœ I‡qemvBU ˆZwii †¶‡Î fv‡jv gv‡bi †nvw÷s‡qi cvkvcvwk
mvBUwU Aek¨B fv‡jvfv‡e AcwUgvBRW n‡Z n‡e|

mnR wbeÜb cÖwµqv

GKRb †µZv hw` I‡qemvB‡U †iwR‡÷ªkb Kivi mgq weiw³ Abyfe K‡ib Zvn‡j IB I‡qemvBU †µZv
nviv‡e| I‡qemvBU †iwR‡÷ªk‡bi †¶‡Î AcÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ PvIqv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e Ges h_vm¤¢e
Kg av‡c hv‡Z †mwU m¤úbœ nq †mw`‡K j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e|

wfwRUi‡K jMBb bv K‡i mivmwi cY¨ †Kbvi my‡hvM w`b

wfwRU‡ii Kv‡Q jMBb Kivi mgq bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Zv‡K †M÷ wn‡m‡e µq Kivi Ackb w`‡Z
n‡e| Z‡e GUv D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h GKevi †iwR‡÷ªkb Ki‡j cieZ©x‡Z Avi Zv‡K m¤ú~Y© Z_¨ w`‡Z
n‡e bv, ïay jMBb Ki‡jB n‡e|

Kvh©Kix wjsK
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U KvR K‡i bv Ggb †Kv‡bv wjsK †`qv DwPZ bq| †Kv‡bv wjs‡K wK¬K Kivi ci hw`
†mUv wVKfv‡e KvR bv K‡i Zvn‡j wfwRUi ev †µZv †mB I‡qemvB‡Ui cÖwZ AvMÖn nvwi‡q †dj‡eb|

I‡qemvB‡Ui wbivcËv
†h‡nZz B-Kgvm© mvBU †_‡K †µZviv †WweU/†µwWU Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g †KbvKvUv K‡ib ZvB I‡qemvB‡Ui
wbivcËv GLv‡b GKwU eo e¨vcvi| GRb¨ GmGmGj mvwU©wd‡KU e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov I‡qemvBU
hv‡Z n¨vK ev I‡qemvBU †_‡K hv‡Z Z_¨ Pzwi bv nq †mwU we‡ePbvq †i‡L I‡qemvB‡Ui wbivcËv wbwðZ
Ki‡Z n‡e|

Bw›U‡MÖkb mg_©b
GKwU B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U c‡Y¨i g~j¨ cwi‡kva, Kv÷gvi g¨v‡bR‡g›U, cY¨ †Wwjfvwimn wewfbœ mn‡hvMx
mvwf©m RwoZ _v‡K| GBme mvwf©m wb‡R‡`i A_ev Z…Zxq c‡¶i mvwf©m n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU
ˆZwi Kivi mgq wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †h G‡Z †c‡g›U †MUI‡q, †Wwjfvwi †Kv¤úvwb, Kv÷gvi wi‡jkbwkc
g¨v‡bR‡g›Umn (wmAviGg) cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡bi mn‡hvMx mvwf©m hv‡Z mn‡RB mshy³ Kiv hvq|
I‡qemvB‡Ui mv‡_ Ab¨ mvwf©m mshy³ Kivi Ab¨Zg Dcvq n‡”Q GwcAvB e¨envi Kiv| GQvov B-Kgvm©
I‡qemvB‡U †c‡g›U †g_W AvBKb, †mvk¨vj wgwWqv wjsK, Uªv÷ AvBKb wn‡m‡e †UªW A¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi
†jv‡Mv, hw` †Kv‡bv A¨vIqvW© †c‡q _v‡K Z‡e †mwUi †jv‡Mv my›`ifv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi e¨e¯’v ivLv DwPZ|

c„ôv- 111
 Aa¨vq-27

wmGgGm Kx
GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgv‡m© wewfbœ RbwcÖq wmGgG‡mi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK cv_©K¨ we‡kølY Kiv|
†Kvb wmGgGmwU wbe©vPb Kie †m wel‡q mwVK wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o Rvb‡eb

RbwcÖq B-Kgvm© wmGgGm¸‡jvi cwiwPwZ|
cÖwZwU wmGgG‡m Kx Kx ai‡bi wdPvi Av‡Q?
cÖwZwU wmGgG‡mi myweavmg~n Kx Kx?
cÖwZwU wmGgG‡mi Amyweavmg~n Kx Kx?
cÖwZwU wmGgG‡mi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv KZUzKz?

wmGgGm Kx?
Kb‡U›U g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g A_ev wmGgGm n‡”Q Ggb GKwU mdUIq¨vi hvi mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv Kb‡U›U
ˆZwi Kiv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i m¤úv`bv, mvRv‡bv Ges me‡k‡l I‡qemvB‡U cÖKvk Kiv hvq|

112-c„ôv
RbwcÖq wmGgGm¸‡jvi cwiwPwZ
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU wbg©v‡Yi A‡bK ai‡bi wmGgGm i‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb wmGgGmwU e¨envi K‡i
Kx ai‡bi I‡qemvBU wbg©vY Kiv hvq, Zv A‡b‡KiB Rvbv †bB| Avevi †Kvb wmGgGmwU I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨
wbe©vPb Kiv DwPZ †mUv m¤ú‡K©I A‡b‡Ki cwi®‹vi aviYv †bB|
Gi Av‡MB Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q wmGgGm wbe©vP‡bi cÖwµqvUv wKQyUv RwUj| e¨emvi aib, AvKvi, cY¨ I
†mevi cwigvY, wewµ cwigvY Ges ev‡R‡Ui Dci wbf©i K‡i wmGgGm wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡KK ai‡bi
wmGgG‡mi KvRI wfbœ wfbœ| †QvU Ges gvSvwi ai‡bi e¨emvi Rb¨ memgqB I‡cb‡mvm© A_ev jvB‡mÝW
wmGgGm Lye Dc‡hvMx| Z‡e kZ kZ wmGgG‡mi wf‡o wbw`©ófv‡e †Kvb wmGgGmwU †e‡Q †bqv DwPZ
†mUvI GKUv cÖkœ e‡U|
evRv‡i †h‡nZz ÿz`ª D‡`¨v³vi msL¨vB †ewk Ges G ai‡bi D‡`¨v‡M h‡_ó `¶ Rbe‡jiI Afve i‡q‡Q|
Kv‡RB †QvU †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv memgqB I‡cb‡mvm© wmGgGm¸‡jvi w`‡KB †ewk Szu‡K _v‡K| KL‡bv KL‡bv
Avevi jvB‡mÝW wmGgGm¸‡jvI e¨envi n‡q _v‡K ÿz`ª Ges gvSvwi B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi I‡qemvBU
wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨| †Kvb wmGgGm KZUv e¨env‡ivc‡hvMx Ges mg„× Zv m¤ú‡K© aviYv †c‡Z kxl©¯’vbxq RbwcÖq
wmGgGm¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvK|

g¨v‡R‡›Uv
B-Kgvm© wmGgG‡mi cÖkœ DV‡jB mevi Av‡M hvi bvg P‡j Av‡m, Zv n‡”Q g¨v‡R‡›Uv| eûj e¨eüZ GB
wmGgGmwU B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui Rb¨ GKwU c~Yv© ½ A¨vwcø‡Kkb| GKUv B-Kgvm© mvBU cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †h †h
wdPvi `iKvi Zvi meB i‡q‡Q g¨v‡R‡›Uv‡Z| Gevi g¨v‡R‡›Uvi wKQy myweav-Amyweav m¤ú‡K© †R‡b †bqv hvK|

myweav
g¨v‡R‡›Uv n‡”Q B-Kgv‡m©i Rb¨ GKwU c~Y©v½ wmGgGm| Kv‡RB GKwU B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU cwiPvjbv Kivi
Rb¨ †h †h wdPvi `iKvi Zvi cÖvq meB i‡q‡Q g¨v‡R‡›Uv‡Z|
G‡Z mnMÖvwaK AwZwi³ cøvMBbm ev G·‡Ubkb i‡q‡Q, hvi gva¨‡g weëBb wdPv‡ii cvkvcvwk AwZwi³
†h‡Kv‡bv wKQy I‡qemvB‡U hy³ Kiv hvq|
cY¨ mshyw³, c‡Y¨i weeiY, wdPvi, K¨vUvMwi, g¨vbyd¨vKPvivi, AW©vi, †mjm, wiwfD, Kv÷gvi †cÖvdvBj,
gvwëcj A¨vWwgb, wi‡cvU©, †Wwjfvwi †g_W, †c‡g›U †g_W, †c‡g›U †MUI‡q, KbwdMv‡ikb †mwUs, wWRvBb
†mwUsmmn A‡bK `iKvix Ackb Avi wdPvi i‡q‡Q G wmGgG‡m| GwU GKwU GmBI evÜe wmGgGm|
¸Mj A¨vbvjvBwmmmn †ek wKQy Bw›U‡MÖkbm i‡q‡Q G‡Z| †gvU K_v I‡qemvBU cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ `iKv‡ii
PvB‡ZI AwaK wdPvi cvIqv hv‡e g¨v‡R‡›Uv‡Z|

Amyweav
g¨v‡R‡›Uv‡K A‡b‡KB wi‡mvm© nvOwi wmGgGm e‡j _v‡Kb| KviY G‡Z GZ cwigvY Z_¨ BbcyU Ki‡Z nq
†h A‡bK mgq e¨enviKvix wei³ I weåvšÍ n‡q hvb|
Avi GKwU me‡P‡q eo mgm¨v n‡”Q g¨v‡R‡›Uvi †W‡fjcvi Lyu‡R cvIqv| Gi wbg©vY cÖwµqv Zzjbvg~jK
RwUj nIqvq A‡bK †¶‡Î I‡qe †W‡fjcviiv g¨v‡R‡›Uv wb‡q KvR Kivi †Zgb AvMÖn †`Lvb bv| hviv
Av‡Qb Zv‡`i IqvK© wWgvÛI A‡bK †ewk|

c„ôv- 113
 MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
hw`I wmGgGm wn‡m‡e g¨v‡R‡›Uv Lye GKUv mnR‡eva¨ bq, Z‡e †KD Gi wdPvi Ges †mwUsm¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e
ey‡S _vK‡j g¨v‡R‡›Uv Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wmGgGm e¨envi K‡i I‡qemvBU wbg©vY Ki‡Z PvB‡eb bv|

I‡cbKvU©
g¨v‡R‡›Uvi c‡iB B-Kgvm© wmGgGm wn‡m‡e †hwUi bvg D‡V Av‡m, †mUv n‡”Q I‡cbKvU©| I‡cbKvU© n‡”Q
B-Kgvm© wmGgGm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q nvjKv Ges mnR‡eva¨| g¨v‡R‡›Uvi g‡Zv I‡cbKv‡U©I me ai‡bi
B-Kgvm©evÜe wdPvi i‡q‡Q| Gi myweav I Amyweav wb‡P Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|

myweav
I‡cbKvU© A¨vwcø‡KkbwU A‡bK nvjKv nIqvq I‡qegv÷vi Ges wfwRUi `yBc‡¶i Rb¨B I‡qemvB‡Ui
cwiPvjbv Ges e¨envi cÖwµqv Lye mnRZi nq| A‡bK mgq mvBU Ges †U¤ú‡cøU hw` fvix nq Zvn‡j
wfwRUi mvBU eªvDwRs Ki‡Z wei³ n‡q hvb| d‡j mvBUwUi ¯^Z¡vwaKvix Zvi g~j¨evb wfwRUi nviv‡bvi
Avk¼vq _vK‡Z cv‡ib| GKwU B-Kgvm© mvBU cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ g~jZ †hme wdPvi `iKvi nq Zvi meB
i‡q‡Q I‡cbKv‡U©| GB wmGgGmwU‡ZI mnMÖvwaK G·‡Ubkb i‡q‡Q hvi gva¨‡g weëBb wdPv‡ii cvkvcvwk
AwZwi³ A‡bK myweav †fvM Kiv hvq|
mnR‡eva¨ †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨v½y‡qR w`‡q I‡cbKvU© †W‡fjc Kiv hvq| GQvov i‡q‡Q AmsL¨ wd« Ges wcÖwgqvg
I‡qe †U¤ú‡cøU| GwU GmBIevÜe wmGgGm| †gvUvgywU GKUz fv‡jvfv‡e me e¨vcvi ey‡S wb‡j †h‡KD
I‡cbKvU© Acv‡iU Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Amyweav
me ai‡bi wmGgG‡mB wKQy bv wKQy Amyweav i‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB I‡cb KvU©I Zvi ewnf‚©Z bq| AmsL¨ cøvMBbm
_vKvq A‡bK mgq AwaKvsk cøvMBb‡mB wKQy bv wKQy evM †_‡K hvq| hvi d‡j mvBU wbg©vZv wVK †hfv‡e
mvBUwU‡K Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z Pvb, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î †mfv‡e KivUv m¤¢e bvI n‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡`i †`‡k
B-Kgvm©wbf©i †W‡fjcvi‡`i msL¨v GLbI †mfv‡e †e‡o I‡Vwb| we‡kl K‡i `¶ †W‡fjcvi| Kv‡RB
mvBU †W‡fj‡ci Rb¨ GKRb `¶ †W‡fjcvi †c‡Z A‡bK mgq Kómva¨ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K mvBU
†W‡fj‡ci Rb¨ ev‡RU Zvi wWgv‡Ûi †P‡q AcÖZzj n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e G e¨vcviUv Lye GKUv †`Lv
hvq bv|

MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi w`K †_‡K I‡cbKvU©‡K A‡b‡KB kxl©¯v’ ‡b †i‡L _v‡Kb| KviY n‡”Q GwU fxlY nvjKv Ges
mnR‡eva¨| †h Kv‡iv wewfbœ I‡qe A¨vwcø‡Kkb Acv‡iU Kivi `¶Zv _vK‡jB wZwb GwU Acv‡iU Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Kv‡RB nvjKv Avi mnR‡eva¨ B-Kgvm© wmGgG‡mi cÖm½ DV‡jB I‡cbKvU©‡KB kxl©¯v’ ‡b ivL‡Z n‡e|

†cÖ¯Ívkc
g¨v‡R‡›Uv Ges I‡cbKvU© B-Kgvm© wmGgG‡mi c‡iB hvi bvg P‡j Av‡m Zv n‡”Q †cÖ¯Ívkc| †cÖ¯ÍvkcI
I‡cbKv‡U©i g‡ZvB Av‡iKwU nvjKv Ges mnR‡eva¨ B-Kgvm© wmGgGm| Gi i‡q‡Q AmsL¨ cøvMBbm Ges
w_g| wb‡P †cÖ¯Ívk‡ci wKQy myweav Ges Amyweav Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|

114-c„ôv
myweav
†cÖ¯vÍ k‡c B-Kgvm© mvBU cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ me ai‡bi my‡hvM myweav i‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk †KD AwZwi³ †Kv‡bv
wdPvi e¨envi Ki‡Z PvB‡j Avjv`vfv‡e G·‡Ubkb hy³ K‡i wb‡Z cvi‡eb| ZvQvov cY¨ wWm‡cø †_‡K
ïiæ K‡i †Wwjfvwi ch©šÍ me ai‡bi cÖ‡mm †cÖ¯vÍ k‡ci gva¨‡g wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| †cÖ¯vÍ kc‡K †ek wKQy cÖ_g
mvwii †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨v½y‡qR e¨envi K‡i wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q, hvi d‡j †cÖ¯vÍ kc w`‡q wbg©vY Kiv I‡qemvBUwU‡K
AwW‡q‡Ýi mvg‡b Lye PgrKvifv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv m¤¢e| GwUI GKwU GmBIevÜe wmGgGm|

Amyweav
†cÖ¯vÍ kc cÖ_g mvwii B-Kgvm© wmGgGm¸‡jvi GKwU n‡jI †`‡ki evRv‡i Gi e¨envi GLbI Aewa Ab¨vb¨
RbwcÖq B-Kgvm© wmGgGm¸‡jvi PvB‡Z Zzjbvg~jK Kg| Kv‡RB Gi Rb¨ G·cvU© †W‡fjcvi Ly‡u R cvIqvUv
GKUz Kómva¨ e¨vcvi| Gi †jv‡Kkb jvB‡eªwi evsjv‡`‡ki Av`‡j Lye GKUv gvbvbmB bq| †ewkifvM
¸iæZ¡cY~ © cøvMBbm¸‡jv †cBW nIqv‡Z e¨enviKvixi Rb¨ me ai‡bi my‡hvM myweav †fvM KivUv e¨qeûj n‡q
`uvovq| GQvov GB wmGgGm Ges Gi cøvMBbm¸‡jv‡Z A‡bK dvBj wgwms ev evM j¶ Kiv hvq|

MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
†KD hw` mnR‡eva¨ wmGgGm Lyu‡R _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j †cÖ¯ÍvkcI Zvi Rb¨ GKUv fv‡jv Ackb| Z‡e
¯^í ev‡R‡U †cÖ¯Ívkc w`‡q I‡qemvBU †W‡fjc Ki‡Z PvB‡j †cÖ¯Ívkc‡K Gwo‡q hvIqvUvB †kÖq| KviY
cÖwZevi Kv÷gvi bZzb bZzb ms‡hvRb ev cøvMBbm hy³ Ki‡Z †M‡jB A‡bK Sv‡gjv †cvnv‡Z n‡Z cv‡i|

DKgvm©
g¨v‡R‡›Uvi c‡iB wek¦e¨vcx †h B-Kgvm© wmGgGm e¨envi n‡”Q Zv n‡”Q DKgvm©| DKgvm© g~jZ †Kv‡bv
wmGgGm bq| eøwMs A¨vwcø‡Kkb Ges wmGgGm IqvW©‡cÖ‡mi GKwU cøvMBb n‡”Q GB DKgvm©| IqvW©‡cÖ‡mi
mv‡_ GB wd« cøvMBbwU‡K mshy³ K‡i IqvW©‡cÖm‡KB GKwU B-Kgvm© wmGgG‡m cwiYZ Kiv hvq| GKUv
B-Kgvm© wmGgG‡mi †hme wdPvi _vKv `iKvi Zvi AwaKvskB i‡q‡Q DKgv‡m©| Gevi DKgv‡m©i wKQy
myweav Ges Amyweav m¤ú‡K© †R‡b †bIqv hvK|

myweav
DKgv‡m©i me‡P‡q eo myweav n‡”Q GwUi mnR‡eva¨Zv| Gi cÖvq me wKQyB Kv÷gvBR Kiv m¤¢e| Gi mv‡_
i‡q‡Q AmsL¨ cøvMBbm Ges Bw›U‡MÖkb| gvÎ wZb NÈvi g‡a¨B DKgvm© e¨envi K‡i †h‡KD Zvi B-Kgvm©
mvBU `uvo Kiv‡Z cvi‡eb| G‡Z e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q me‡P‡q RbwcÖq Ges me©Rb e¨eüZ me †cÖvMÖvwgs
j¨v½y‡qR| hvi Kvi‡Y Lye mn‡RB DKgv‡m©i G·cvU© †W‡fjcvi cvIqv hvq|
GKRb bb-†cÖvMÖvgviI Lye mn‡RB wKQy wb‡`©wkKv †`‡L wk‡L wb‡Z cv‡ib DKgvm© cwiPvjbv c×wZ|
GQvov me ai‡bi †Wwjfvwi, †c‡g›U †MUI‡q G‡Z Lye mn‡RB mshy³ K‡i †bqv hvq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k
†ek wKQy †W‡fjcvi DKgv‡m©i Rb¨ †ek wKQy wd« †c‡g›U †MUI‡qI †W‡fjc K‡i‡Qb B‡Zvg‡a¨B| GwU
GmBIevÜe|

Amyweav
†h‡nZz DKgvm© †Kv‡bv †gŠwjK B-Kgvm© wmGgGm bq, ZvB DKgv‡m©i wKQy mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q| A‡bK †¶‡Î
†`Lv hvq †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †Kv‡bv cøvMBbm e¨envi Ki‡Z nq, Zv e¨enviKvixiv wVKg‡Zv ey‡S DV‡Z

c„ôv- 115
 cv‡ib bv| Avi eøwMs wmGgGm nIqv‡Z G‡Z †ek wKQy DU‡Kv Ackb †_‡K hvq, hv A‡b‡KB ivL‡Z ev
†`L‡Z Pvb bv|

MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi w`K †_‡K DKgv‡m©i e¨vcv‡i Lye GKUv cÖkœ I‡V bv| Kv‡RB B-Kgvm© mvBU †W‡fjwcs‡qi
Rb¨ hw` †Kv‡bv mnR gva¨g †KD Lyu‡R _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j wbtm‡›`‡n DKgvm© e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

fvPz©gvU©
fvPz©gvU©I DKgv‡m©i g‡Zv GKwU cøvMBbm| GwU Av‡iK RbwcÖq wmGgGm Rygjvi GKwU B-Kgvm©
G·‡Ubkb| Z‡e fvPz©gvU© Lye GKUv e¨envi Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq bv †Zgb KvD‡KB| Gevi fvPz©gv‡U©i wKQy
myweav-Amyweav m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvK|

myweav
DKgv‡m©i g‡Zv fvPz©gv‡U©I B-Kgvm© mvBU cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ AwaKvsk wdPvi i‡q‡Q| GwUI g~jZ GKwU
GmBIevÜe wmGgGm| GQvov fvPz©gv‡U©i Rb¨I kZvwaK cøvMBbm Ges AmsL¨ wd« I †cBW w_g i‡q‡Q|
mn‡R Ges eûj e¨eüZ †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨v½y‡q‡R †W‡fjc Kiv Ges Gi BDRvi B›Uvi‡dmI fv‡jv|

Amyweav
g¨v‡R‡›Uvi g‡Zv fvPz©gvU©‡KI A‡b‡KB GKwU wi‡mvm© nvOwi B-Kgvm© e‡j _v‡Kb| G‡Z GZ †ewk Z_¨
BbcyU Ki‡Z nq †h, e¨enviKvix A‡bK mgq wei³ n‡q hvb| Avi me‡P‡q j¶Yxq welqwU n‡”Q fvPz©gv‡U©i
gva¨‡g †W‡fjc Kiv mvBU A‡bK fvix n‡q hvq| hvi cÖfv‡e mvB‡Ui wfwRUi nviv‡bvi h‡_ó AvksKv
i‡q‡Q|

MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
mvB‡Ui †mŠ›`h©ea©‡bi Rb¨ fvPz©gvU© †ek fv‡jv GKUv wmGgGm| wKš‘ B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui Rb¨ fvPz©gv‡U©i
e¨envi A‡b‡KB †mfv‡e mg_©b K‡ib bv|

kwcdvB
jvB‡mÝW B-Kgvm© wmGgGm wn‡m‡e kwcdvB‡qi RbwcÖqZv GLb Zz‡½| Avgv‡`i †`‡k hw`I B-Kgvm©
I‡qemvBU wbg©v‡Yi †¶‡Î mevi Av‡MB I‡cb‡mvm© cøvUdg©‡KB †e‡Q †bqv nq| wKš‘ jvB‡mÝW wmGgGm
me mgqB gvSvwi Ges eo cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ †hgb wbivc`, †Zgwb djcÖm~ mgvavb|

myweav
kwcdvB GKwU jvB‡mÝW wmGgG‡mi cvkvcvwk GKB m‡½ GKwU ÔmdUIq¨vi A¨vR A¨v mvwf©mÕ
(GmGGGm) cø¨vUdg© wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Kv‡RB e¨emv cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ kwcdvB LyeB mnR mgvavb|
cÖPwjZ B-Kgvm© wmGgG‡mi me ai‡bi wdPv‡ii cvkvcvwk G‡Z wecY‡bi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q wKQy evowZ myweav,
hv e¨emvi cÖmv‡i Kvh©Kix f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|

116-c„ôv
Amyweav
kwcdvB w`‡q I‡qemvBU wbg©v‡Yi †¶‡Î cÖ_g Ges cÖavb evav n‡”Q me †`k †_‡K †jb‡`‡bi Rb¨
myweavRbK gva¨g Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| GQvov GB wmGgGm jvB‡mÝW nIqvq LiPI A‡bK †ewk|
GKKvjxb Li‡Pi cvkvcvwkI wbqwgZfv‡e cÖwZ gv‡m AwZwi³ LiP enb Ki‡Z nq, hv ÿz`ª e¨emvqx‡`i
Rb¨ †gv‡UI myweavRbK bq|

MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
kwcdvB e¨envi Kiv KZUzKz †hŠw³K Zv wbf©i Ki‡Q †Kv¤úvwbi mvg_©¨ Ges ai‡bi Dci| hw` †Kv‡bv
cÖwZôvb jvB‡mÝW wmGgG‡m I‡qemvBU wbg©vY Ki‡Z Pvq Ges Gi †jb‡`‡bi gva¨g¸‡jv wbwðZ Ki‡Z
cv‡i, †m‡¶‡Î kwcdvB me‡P‡q Kvh©Kix wmGgGm| Ab¨_vq kwcdvB‡qi weKí Lyu‡R †bqvB †kÖq|

c„ôv- 117
 Aa¨vq-28

B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g›U

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgvm© K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g›U Kxfv‡e B-Kgvm© e¨emvi g~j wfwË ˆZwi K‡i †mB m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|
Kxfv‡e K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g›U cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq Zvi hveZxq welq m¤^‡Ü aviYv jvf|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o wkL‡eb

B-Kgvm© K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g›U Kx?
K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui P¨v‡jÄmg~n Kx Kx?
Kxfv‡e B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui cÖPwjZ c×wZmg~n Kx Kx?
GKwU B-Kgvm© K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui mvaviY cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K©|

B-Kgvm© K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g›U

B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U cY¨ ev †mevi hveZxq Z_¨ myweb¨¯Ífv‡e msi¶Y Ges nvjbvMv` Kivi cÖwµqv‡K
B-Kgvm© K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g›U e‡j| GLv‡b cÖavb welq n‡”Q GKRb we‡µZv KZUv ¯úófv‡e
cy•Lvbycy•Liƒ‡c c‡Y¨i Z_¨ cÖKvk Ki‡eb! cY¨ m¤úwK©Z hZ Qwe Ges hZ eY©bv †`qv n‡e, ZZ Kv÷gvi
cY¨ m¤ú‡K© ¯úó Z_¨ cv‡eb|

118-c„ôv
B-Kgvm© K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g›U P¨v‡jÄ
AvcvZ `„wó‡Z B-Kgvm© K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g›U GKwU mnR welq g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ GwU A‡bK †¶‡ÎB
GKUz KwVb n‡q c‡o| †hgbÑ

cÖwZwbqZ cY¨ Avc‡WU Kiv

hw` cY¨ A_ev c‡Y¨i Z_¨ cÖwZwbqZ cwieZ©b nq †m‡¶‡Î memgq Avc‡WU Kiv †ek mgq mv‡c¶ nq|
wewfbœ Kvi‡Y g~j¨ cwieZ©b nIqv, bZzb cY¨ †hvM Kiv Gme wel‡q hw` GKwU mwVK e¨e¯’vcbv bv _v‡K
Zvn‡j GwU g¨vbyqvwj Avc‡WU Kiv Lye RwUj welq n‡q `uvovq|

GKvwaK P¨v‡b‡j cY¨ wewµ

hw` GKRb we‡µZv Zvi cY¨ gvwëP¨v‡bj A_ev GKvwaK gv‡K©U‡cø‡m wewµ K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j Zvi
cÖwZwU P¨v‡bj A_ev gv‡K©U‡cø‡m Avjv`v Avjv`v dig¨v‡U c‡Y¨i Z_¨ mieivn Ki‡Z nq| G‡KK RvqMvq
G‡KKfv‡e cY¨ Ges Z_¨ †hvM Ki‡Z A‡bK mgq weåvwšÍ m„wó nq| GBme Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgq c‡Y¨i
wewfbœ Z_¨ Am¤ú~Y© †_‡K hvq|

mieivnKvixi mv‡_ Z‡_¨i AmvgÄm¨Zv

A‡bK mgq cY¨ Drcv`bKvix A_ev mieivnKvix †_‡K c‡Y¨i m¤ú‡K© mwVKfv‡e Z_¨ bv cvIqv †M‡j
Z‡_¨i AmvgÄm¨Zv †`Lv †`q| †hgbÑ †Kv‡bv Drcv`bKvix nqZ ej‡Qb †Kv‡bv c‡Y¨i wZbwU is
A¨v‡fB‡j‡ej Av‡Q mviv gvm Ry‡o| GLb gv‡mi gvSLv‡b c‡Y¨i ÷K †kl n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| †mwU hw`
Drcv`bKvix B-Kgvm© we‡µZv‡K bv Rvbvb, Z‡e I‡qemvB‡U Z_¨ nvjbvMv` n‡e bv| G mgq mvB‡U G‡m
Kv÷gvi †mB †kl n‡q hvIqv i‡Oi cY¨wU PvB‡j B-Kgvm© we‡µZv †mwU w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv! G‡Z Kv÷gvi
AvkvnZ n‡eb Ges cieZ©x‡Z IB I‡qemvBU †_‡K cY¨ wKb‡Z AvMÖn nvwi‡q †dj‡eb|

B-Kgvm© K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq

mg„× Ges m½wZc~Y©fv‡e †cÖvWv± Z_¨ ˆZwi
B-Kgvm© K¨vUvj‡M GKwU cY¨ †hvM Kivi mgq j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb GwUi ch©vß Ges m½wZc~Y© Z_¨ _v‡K|
GKwU c‡Y¨i wfbœ wfbœ mvBR, Kvjvi A_ev wewfbœ ai‡bi Z_¨ _vK‡j †mwU Lye my¯úófv‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z
n‡e| GQvov GKwU ˆewkó¨ me mgq GKBfv‡e wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgb Kv‡jv is‡qi †¶‡Î hw` ÒblackÓ †jLv
nq Zvn‡j memgq GUvB wjL‡Z n‡e| †Kv_vI ÒBLKÓ A_ev ÒbkÓ †jLv DwPZ bq|

†µZv‡K ¯úó Z_¨ †`qv

mg„× Ges we¯ÍvwiZ c‡Y¨i Z_¨ †µZv‡K ¯úó w`‡Z m¶g| c‡Y¨i we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ _vK‡j Kv÷gvi Zvi
cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨wU Lye mn‡RB Lyu‡R cv‡eb Ges wbwðZ n‡eb †h wZwb mwVK cY¨wUB wKb‡Qb| †ewkifvM
†¶‡ÎB †`Lv hvq GKRb †µZv ch©vß Z‡_¨i Afv‡e GKwU I‡qemvBU †_‡K cY¨ †Kbvi AvMÖn nvwi‡q
†d‡jb|

K¨vUvMwi I ˆewkó¨ Abymv‡i †kÖwYe× Kiv

†µZviv memgq Pvb GKB ai‡bi cY¨ GKmv‡_ †`L‡Z| Gi Rb¨ wewfbœ c×wZ i‡q‡Q| Z‡e me‡P‡q
cÖPwjZ n‡”Q cY¨mg~n‡K K¨vUvMwi Ges Zv‡`i ˆewkó¨ (†hgbÑ is, mvBR) Abymv‡i MÖæc Kiv| A‡bK †ewk

c„ôv- 119
 cY¨ Ges K¨vUvMwi n‡j GwU cÖvqkB KwVb n‡q c‡o| Z‡e memgq †µZvi myweavi K_v gv_vq †i‡L GwU
Ki‡Z nq| Gi d‡j †µZv Lye mn‡RB I‡qemvBU †_‡K cY¨ Lyu‡R cvb Ges wKb‡Z AvMÖnx nb|

B-Kgvm© K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g›U DbœZ Kivi Dcvq

B-Kgvm© K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g›U wbf©i K‡i Kx ai‡bi Uzjm e¨envi K‡i GwU Kiv n‡”Q Zvi Dci| mvaviYZ
B-Kgvm© e¨emvqx B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU, G‡·j A_ev †cÖvWv± Bbdi‡gkb g¨v‡bR‡g›U (wcAvBGg)
A¨vwcø‡Kkb e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb|

GLv‡b GB wZbwU c×wZ m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q

B-Kgvm© cø¨vUdg© e¨envi
hw` GKRb we‡µZv wbR¯^ I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g e¨emv cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb Zvn‡j Zvi Rb¨ GwU Dchy³
gva¨g| GLv‡b †KejB Zv‡K cY¨ Avc‡jvW Ges GwWU Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU ˆZwii mgqB
Lye fv‡jvfv‡e j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb I‡qemvB‡U cY¨mg~n Z_¨mn myweb¨¯Ífv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi e¨e¯’v _v‡K|

G‡·j e¨envi
A‡bK B-Kgvm© e¨emvqx K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR Ki‡Z G‡·‡ji e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb| wewfbœ †mvm© †_‡K Z_¨
msMÖn K‡i K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR Kivi Rb¨ GwU GKwU mvkÖqx mgvavb| G‡·‡j Z_¨ dig¨vwUs Kivi gva¨‡g
Lye mn‡RB WvUv‡K wfbœ P¨v‡bj A_ev gv‡K©U‡cø‡m Avc‡jv‡Wi Dc‡hvMx dig¨v‡U cÖ¯‘Z Kiv hvq| hviv
wewfbœ P¨v‡b‡j cY¨ wewµ K‡i _v‡Kb Zv‡`i Rb¨ G‡·j mnR Ges myjf Dcvq|

†cÖvWv± Bbdi‡gkb g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g e¨envi

hv‡`i Lye †ewk cY¨, wewfbœ P¨v‡b‡j cY¨ wewµ Ki‡Z nq Ges A‡bK †ewk mieivnKvixi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z
nq Zv‡`i Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx GB c×wZwU| cY¨ †hLvb †_‡KB AvmyK bv †Kb, GKwU †cÖvWv± Bbdi‡gkb
g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g Lye mn‡RB c‡Y¨i Z_¨ g¨v‡bR Ges †K›`ªxqKi‡Y mvnvh¨ K‡i|

GKwU B-Kgvm© K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui mvaviY iƒc

Gm‡KBD
÷K wKwcs BDwbU| GKwU B-Kgvm© K¨vUvj‡M cÖwZwU cY¨‡K Avjv`vfv‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z GwU e¨envi Kiv nq|

bvg/UvB‡Uj
GLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨KwU cY¨‡K Avjv`v Avjv`v bv‡g wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ Dcv`bKvix/eª¨v‡Ûi bvg hy&³
K‡i GwU Kiv nq| †hgbÑ †d«k wWªswKs IqvUvi 500 wgwj cwigvY|

†Kvqvw›UwU A¨v‡fB‡jej
cY¨wU Kx cwigv‡Y gRy` Av‡Q †mwU GLv‡b D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq|

g~j¨
cY¨wUi wba©vwiZ g~j¨ GLv‡b D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq| wewfbœ †¶‡Î Kv÷gv‡ii K¨vUvMwi Abymv‡i c‡Y¨i g~j¨
wewfbœ n‡q _vK‡j †mwUI D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq|

120-c„ôv
K¨vUvMwi
cÖwZwU cY¨‡K GK/GKvwaK wbw`©ó K¨vUvMwi‡Z hy³ Ki‡Z nq| †hgb-me w_ªwcm wg‡j GKwU K¨vUvMwi,
Avevi me kvU© wg‡j GKwU K¨vUvMwi cÖf…wZ|

eY©bv
GLv‡b c‡Y¨i we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑ Kvc‡oi †¶‡Î n‡j †mwU wmé bv mywZ Zv GLv‡b D‡jøL
Ki‡Z n‡e|

eª¨vÛ/g¨vbyd¨vKPvivi
cY¨wUi eª¨vÛ A_ev g¨vbyd¨vKPvivi bvg D‡jøL Kiv|
ˆ`N©¨ : cY¨wUi ˆ`N©¨|
cÖ¯’ : cY¨wUi cÖ¯’|
D”PZv : cY¨wUi D”PZv|
IRb : cY¨wUi IRb|

cY¨wUi ˆewkó¨
cY¨wU‡K m¤¢ve¨ me iKg ˆewkó¨ Abymv‡i Avjv`vfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑ is, mvBR, †iwUs,
cÖKvkK BZ¨vw`|

Qwe
GLv‡b c‡Y¨i Qwe †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †µZvi wbKU Dc¯’vc‡bi Dc‡hvMx GKwU mvaviY K¨vUvj‡M DwjøwLZ
wdPvi¸‡jv _vKv Riæwi| GQvov K¨vUvjM g¨v‡bR‡g‡›U wcQ‡bi As‡k Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq
i‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ cY¨wUi LiP, cvBKvwi `vg, weÁvcb LiP, Drcv`bKvixi cÖ¯ÍvweZ g~j¨, Drcv`bKvixi
b¤^i BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki‡j cY¨wUi Z_¨mg~n AviI wbf©i‡hvM¨ n‡q I‡V|

c„ôv- 121
 Aa¨vq-29

†cÖvWv± wiwfD Ges eY©bv

†cÖvWv± wiwfD n‡”Q GK ai‡bi Z_¨g~jK AvwU©‡Kj †hLv‡b †cÖvWv±mg~n m¤ú‡K© ¯úó aviYv †`qv nq Ges
†cÖvWv± wKb‡Z †µZv‡`i DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| †cÖvWv± wiwfD GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ †cÖvWv± m¤ú‡K© my›`i
aviYv †`q| GKwU my›`i, ¯úó Ges mvejxj fvlvq †jLv †cÖvWv± wiwfD hw` GKRb †µZvi fv‡jv †j‡M
hvq, Z‡e †µZv †mB †cÖvWv± wKb‡Z AvMÖnx n‡q I‡Vb| 1997 mvj †_‡K A¨vgvRb, B‡e Zv‡`i mvB‡U
wewfbœ †cÖvWv± wiwfD w`‡q _v‡K| †mB Rb¨ Zviv Zv‡`i mvB‡U cÖPzi UªvwdK cvq| †cÖvWv± wiwfD _vKvi
d‡j cY¨wU †Kbvi Av‡M cY¨ m¤^‡Ü †µZvi wm×všÍ wb‡Z myweav nq| GK mgx¶vq †`Lv hvqÑ
70 kZvsk †µZv †Kbvi Av‡M fv‡jv K‡i wiwfD, †iwUsm wb‡q ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i _v‡Kb|
63 kZvsk †µZv †hLv‡b fv‡jv †cÖvWv± eY©bv Ges wiwfD _v‡K †mLvb †_‡K µq K‡ib|
67 kZvsk Kv÷gvi †Kbvi Av‡M fv‡jv K‡i aviYv Ges wek¦vm AR©‡bi Rb¨ AšÍZ 6wU wiwfD c‡o
†`‡Lb|
80 kZvsk Kv÷gvi †Kbvi Av‡M †bwZevPK wiwfD †`L‡j †cÖvWv±wU †Kbvi wm×všÍ evwZj K‡i †`b|
M‡o I‡qemvB‡U 75 kZvsk wiwfD _v‡K cwRwUf Ges 71 kZvsk †µZv g‡b K‡ib wiwfD c‡o
Zv‡`i g‡b nq †h, Zviv mwVK †cÖvWv± ev mvwf©m wb‡”Qb|

122-c„ôv
†K‡bv †cÖvWv± wiwfD ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
ïiæi w`‡K cÖ‡Z¨K B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ me‡P‡q †ewk P¨v‡jwÄs KvR n‡”Q Kv÷gvi‡`i g‡a¨ wek¦vm
¯’vcb Kiv| Lvivc wiwfD †Kv‡bv mgqB fv‡jv Kbfvm©b †iU e‡q wb‡q Av‡m bv| eis GwU †Kv¤úvwbi
A‡bK mybvg bó K‡i| fv‡jv wiwfD †c‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g †cÖvWv±wUi gvb wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` Kv÷gvi
cY¨ e¨envi K‡i ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva K‡i _v‡Kb Zvn‡j Zviv mvb‡›` fv‡jv wiwfD w`‡q _vK‡eb| fv‡jv wiwfD
†_‡KB †µZviv cY¨ µ‡qi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ nb| Z‡e wiwfD memgq wbi‡c¶fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
c‡Y¨i Lvivc w`K A_ev fv‡jv w`K `ywUB D‡jøL Kiv DwPZ| Zvn‡j †µZv SzuwKi w`K¸‡jv we‡ePbv
K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z cvi‡eb| wiwfD‡qi g‡a¨ m¤¢ve¨ DËi¸‡jv AšÍfz©³ Kiv DwPZ| hw` †µZvi Av‡iv
wKQy cÖkœ _v‡K Zvn‡j Kv÷gvi mvwf©‡mi mnvqZv wb‡Z cvi‡eb| wKš‘ †µZvi KvQ †_‡K †cÖvWv± wiwfD
cvIqvUv A‡bK mnR bq| Avevi Ab¨w`‡K wiwfD ïaygvÎ wewµ evovq bv, GwUi GmBIi (mvP© BwÄb
AcwUgvB‡Rkb) †¶‡ÎI cÖfve A‡bK| wiwfD, †cÖvWv± wiwfDi Ici wfwË K‡i ¸Mj †cÖvWv‡±i †cR‡K
i¨vsK K‡i| ZvB †µZvi KvQ †_‡K ¯^Ztù~Z© wiwfD cvIqvi cvkvcvwk Ab¨ A‡bK Dcv‡qi gva¨‡g †cÖvWv±
wiwfD †c‡Z cv‡ib|
mvaviYZ D‡`¨v³viv wewfbœ ai‡bi Advi w`‡q _v‡Kb; †hgbÑ fwel¨‡Zi †Kv‡bv wWmKvD›U, wd« wkwcs
Advi, webvg~‡j¨ wKQy bgybv ev wd« mvwf©m, Dcnvi KvW©, webvg~‡j¨ †Kv‡bv cY¨ w`‡q _v‡Kb| Gme Adv‡ii
gva¨‡g †µZv‡`i KvQ †_‡K wiwfD Av`vq Kiv hvq| †hgbÑ †Kv‡bv we‡µZv 500 UvKv w`‡q wU-kvU© wewµ
Ki‡Qb, GLb hviv wiwfD w`‡Z AvMÖnx Zv‡`i Rb¨ wZwb wd« GKwU wU-kvU© Dcnvi w`‡q _vK‡Z cv‡ib|
cyi‡bv Kv÷gvi‡`i mv‡_, A_©vr hviv Av‡M Avcbvi †cÖvWv± wK‡b‡Qb, Zv‡`i mv‡_ fv‡jv m¤ú‡K©i gva¨‡g
wiwfD Kv‡j± Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| B-†gBj, GmGgGm, †dv‡bi gva¨‡g †µZv‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| wKš‘ GB †¶‡Î evievi Aby‡iva K‡i †µZv‡K hv‡Z wei³ bv Kiv nq, †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
†iwUs‡qi Rb¨ B-Kgv‡m©i RbwcÖq wmGgGm DKgvm© w_‡g Avjv`v cøvMBb Av‡Q| wWwRUvj †cÖvWv‡±i wiwfD
D‡jø‡Li Rb¨ †cÖvWv± m¤úwK©Z I‡qemvBU †_‡K Z_¨ cv‡eb, A_ev A‡bK mvBU Av‡Q, †hLv‡b †cÖvWv±
wiwfD wb‡q Av‡jvPbv ev †jLv‡jwL nq|
Avcwb ¸M‡j GB ai‡bi wKIqvW© wb‡q mvP© K‡i I‡qemvBU¸‡jv †ei Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Product name + review
Product name + scam
Product name + does it work
Product name + specifications
†cÖvWv± wiwfD‡Z †cÖvWv‡±i Pvwn`v, ¸YMZ gvb mewKQy we‡ePbv K‡i wjL‡Z n‡e| AwZiwÄZ A_ev †dBK
†cÖvWv± wiwfD †jLv DwPZ bq|
†cÖvWv± wiwfD‡Z wewfbœ †cÖvWv‡±i Zzjbv †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb †cÖvWv± Kx Rb¨ fv‡jv Ges †Kvb †cÖvWv‡±i
mv‡_ †Kvb †cÖvWv‡±i Kx Kx wfbœZv Av‡Q cÖf…wZ|

†cÖvWv± eY©bv
fv‡jv †cÖvWv± wiwfD A_© n‡”Q †µZvi Kv‡Q †cÖvWv± m¤^‡Ü fv‡jv GKwU aviYv †`qv| GKwU fv‡jv †cÖvWv±
wiwfD we‡µZv‡K fv‡jv Kbfvm©b †iU Dcnvi w`‡Z cv‡i| fv‡jv †cÖvWv± wiwfD Ki‡Z cÖ_‡g †cÖvWv±

c„ôv- 123
 Ges gv‡K©U fv‡jv K‡i M‡elYv K‡i †bqv `iKvi| mvaviYZ †cÖvWv± eY©bv Ki‡Z wb‡Pi K‡qKwU †g_W
AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

Kviv
cÖ_‡g †`L‡Z n‡e †cÖvWv‡±i Kv÷gvi Kviv| cyiæl bvwK gwnjv, eq¯‹ A_ev ZiæY, K‡j‡Ri QvÎ A_ev AemicÖvßiv?

Kx
GB wefv‡M †cÖvWv‡±i we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z n‡e| cwigvc, DcKiY, cY¨ ˆewkó¨ Ges dvskb BZ¨vw` Zz‡j
ai‡Z n‡e|

†Kv_vq
wbe©vwPZ †cÖvWv±wU †Kv_vq e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i? N‡i A_ev evB‡i ? evmv‡Z A_ev Mvwo‡Z?

†K‡bv
†K‡bv †mB †cÖvWv±wU †µZv wKb‡eb? cY¨ e¨envi K‡i †µZv Kx Kx myweav †c‡Z cv‡ib|

Kxfv‡e
†cÖvWv±wU Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i †mUv D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ GwU D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e Ggb †Kv‡bv
eva¨evaKZv †bB| wKš‘ B‡jKUªwbKm †Kv‡bv †cÖvWv± n‡j GwU D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq| GLb Dc‡ii †g_W
ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †cÖvWv± eY©bv `yBfv‡e †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_gZ, c‡q›U¸‡jv ey‡jU AvKv‡i mvwR‡q Aí
mg‡q, Aí RvqMvi g‡a¨ eY©bv Dc¯’vcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ eª¨vwÛs‡qi Rb¨ ey‡jU K‡i GB †jLvi
÷vBjwU †gv‡UB Dc‡hvMx bq| Mí AvKv‡i †cÖvWv‡±i eY©bv Dc¯’vcb Kiv eª¨vwÛs‡qi Rb¨ A‡bK mnvqK|
Gi gva¨‡g †cÖvWv±‡K fv‡jv K‡i Dc¯’vcb Ges Gb‡MR‡g›U evov‡bv hvq| †mwUi Rb¨ cÖeÜ AvKv‡i
†jLvB †kÖq|
wWwRUvj †cÖvWv± m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbvi Rb¨ ¸M‡j GB wKIqvW© e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Product name + bUzer guide
Product name + bUzer tips
Product name + bUzer hints
product name + model number + manual pdf
wKIqvW© Av‡M c‡i K‡i mvP© Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
product name+ tutorial
†jLv QvovI wfwWIi gva¨‡gI Avcwb †cÖvWv± wiwfD Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e Gi Rb¨ Avcbvi
wfwWIMÖvwd Ges GwWwUs m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| wfwWI wiwfDi gva¨‡g Avcwb Avcbvi †cÖvWv±‡K
AviI my›`ifv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Gi d‡j Avcbvi †cÖvWv‡±i Kbfvm©b †iU †e‡o hv‡e K‡qK ¸Y|

124-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-30

B-Kgvm© Kv÷gvi AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgv‡m© Kv÷gvi AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|
†µZvi Ges AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui Dcvq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© wek` Av‡jvPbv|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o wkL‡eb

Kv÷gvi AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U Kx?
Kx Kx Dcv‡q Kv÷gvi AW©vi g¨v‡bR Kiv hvq?
GKwesk kZvãx‡Z e¨emvwqK cwigЇj B-Kgvm© n‡jv GKwU bZzb ms‡hvRb| †Uwj‡dvb Avwe®‹v‡ii ci
†_‡KB c„w_exi A‡bK cÖv‡šÍ B-Kgvm© welqwU Pvjy n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ B›Uvi‡bU Avwe®‹vi nIqv Ges Gi e¨envi
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c„ôv- 125
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d‡j †µZv AvR N‡i e‡mB cÖZ¨vwkZ cY¨ Ges †mev †c‡q hv‡”Qb| ZvB e¨emvi RM‡Z AvR B-Kgv‡m©i
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wewfbœ welq m¤ú‡K© Rvbe|

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m¤úK© AvU‡K ivLv †Kv‡bv e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ Av`k© Dcvq n‡Z cv‡i bv|

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126-c„ôv
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c„ôv- 127
 my‡hvM cvq| cÖ_gwU wewµi mgq cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ mieivn K‡i, wØZxqwU cY¨ ev †mev †Wwjfvwi †`qvi
mgq Ges Z…ZxqwU n‡jv weµ‡qvËi †mev| GB wZbwU ch©v‡q GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb hw` Zvi Kv÷gvi‡K
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d‡j †µZv‡`i mv‡_ cÖwZôv‡bi `xN©‡gqvw` m¤úK© ˆZwi n‡e| cvkvcvwk cÖvwZôvwbK mybvg e„w×, Word of
Marketing BZ¨vw` bvbvwea myweav cvIqv m¤¢e|

Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv

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†mev cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| Ggb A‡bK mdUIq¨vi Av‡Q hv e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g Zviv mn‡R Rvb‡Z cv‡i
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†µZv f¨vjy ˆZwi Kiv

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†mev Li‡Pi cwigvY Kgv‡bv

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c‡¶B evRv‡i wU‡K _v‡K m¤¢e bq|

128-c„ôv
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B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡b AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui ¸iæZ¡ Ges cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

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Avw_©K †jb‡`b m¤úv`b Kiv|
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mwVK e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g AšÍZ GwU wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e n‡e †h †µZviv Zvi cQ‡›`i cY¨ AW©viK‡i KL‡bv
nZvk n‡eb bv|

c„ôv- 129
 AW©v‡i mwVKZv
†µZviv Aek¨B B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U Dc¯’vwcZ cY¨mvgMÖxi Dci AW©vi cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| A‡bK mgq Ggb
nq †h, I‡qemvB‡U cÖ`wk©Z cY¨wU cÖvwZôvwbK gRy‡` †bB hv †µZv‡`i cÖvqB weåvšÍ K‡i| c‡Y¨i h_vh_
e¨e¯’vcbvi d‡j B-Kgvm© KZ©c
… ¶ Rvb‡Z cvi‡e Zv‡`i †Kvb cY¨¸‡jv gRy‡` Av‡Q Ges Gi wfwˇZ Zv‡`i
AbjvBb †÷vi mvRv‡e| †h cY¨mvgMÖxmg~n gRy‡` †bB, Zv‡`i cv‡k †jLv _vK‡e kxNªB cvIqv hv‡e|

†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb NUv‡bv

wewfbœ ch©v‡q †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb NUv‡Z n‡e| me©cÖ_g cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ †µZv‡`i †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi
Dbœqb NUv‡Z n‡e| d‡j Zv‡`i wbKU n‡Z AW©v‡ii c~Y© weeiY Rvbv m¤¢e n‡e| wØZxqZ, cÖvwZôvwbK
Kg©x‡`i gv‡S †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb NUv‡Z n‡e| AW©vi cvIqvi ci †m Z_¨ `ªæZ ¸`vgN‡i cvwV‡q
w`‡Z n‡e †hb cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨wU `ªæZ Lyu‡R †ei Kiv m¤¢e nq| G `ywU ch©v‡qi †Kv_vI hw` duvKv RvqMv ivLv
nq, Zvn‡j Zv Ab_©K mgq b‡ói KviY n‡e| GgbwK fzj cY¨wU †µZvi wbKU †cuŠ‡Q †`qvI Am¤¢e bq!

wewfbœ P¨v‡b‡ji g‡a¨ mgš^q

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mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvMgva¨g BZ¨vw`| B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi DwPZ me P¨v‡bj Pvjy ivLv †hb †µZviv Zv‡`i myweavg‡Zv
P¨v‡bj e¨envi K‡i AW©vi cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb‡K GwU wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †h, me ai‡bi
†µZv mgvb ch©v‡qi myweav cv‡”Qb Avi Gi Rb¨ wewfbœ P¨v‡b‡ji g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

gRy` cY¨ e¨e¯’vcbv

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cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ Gi †P‡q nZvkvi eo KviY Avi n‡Z cv‡i bv hLb Zviv GKRb m¤¢ve¨ †µZv‡K mwVK cY¨
Ges †mev w`‡q mš‘ó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv! Avi Gi d‡j D³ †µZv Ab¨Î P‡j hvb| †µZv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Ges
Pvwn`vi Dci wfwË K‡iB cY¨ gRy` mvRv‡Z n‡e| ch©vwqZ Ges cÖwgZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cY¨mg~n‡K Zv‡`i
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GKK WvUv‡eR
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†µZv Zvi cQ‡›`i cY¨wU µ‡qi Rb¨ AW©vi †`‡eb, WvUv‡eR n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj cÖKvi Z_¨ †hgb
†µZvi wVKvbv, c‡Y¨i weeiY, †jb‡`b cÖwµqv Kxfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv n‡e BZ¨vw` Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| GwUI
wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e, cÖwZôv‡bi me Kg©x WvUv‡e‡R cÖ‡ek K‡i Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

A‡Uv‡gkb
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MwZkxjZv Avbv m¤¢e| Gme †KŠkj e¨env‡ii d‡j GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i cÖvwZôvwbK RM‡Z
cÖZ¨vwkZ mdjZv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|

130-c„ôv
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A‡b‡KiB nq‡Zv G AwfÁZv Av‡Q †h, AW©vi w`jvg GK cY¨ wKš‘ Avgv‡`i evmvq G‡m w`‡q hvIqv n‡jv
Ab¨ cY¨ A_ev GKB cY¨ wKš‘ AvKv‡i †QvU ev eo| c‡Y¨i Awf‡hvM Kiv n‡j KZ©…c¶ †_‡K †Kv‡bv
e¨e¯’vI †bqv n‡”Q bv| g~jZ AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U e¨e¯’vq ÎæwUi Kvi‡Y Gme N‡U _v‡K| mwVKfv‡e cY¨
Ges †mevi AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U Kiv m¤¢e n‡j G RvZxq ÎæwU A‡bKvs‡k Kgv‡bv m¤¢e|

AbUvBg †Wwjfvwi
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cÖwZkÖæwZ †`q| hw` mwVKfv‡e GKwU cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zvn‡j wba©vwiZ
mg‡qi g‡a¨B cY¨ I †mev †µZvi nv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q †`qv m¤¢e| AW©vi cvIqvi ciB we‡µZv cÖwZôvbwU c‡Y¨i
weeiY Abyhvqx mwVK cY¨wU Lyu‡R †ei K‡i| wKš‘ AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U cÖwµqvq ÎæwU _vKvi d‡j A‡bK
B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb mwVK cY¨wU Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z `xN© mgq †bq| A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq cY¨wU nq‡Zv Av‡`Š
gRy‡`B †bB, wKš‘ B-Kgvm© KZ©…c¶ †m wel‡q AÁ _v‡K| Gme mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y KL‡bvB AbUvBg †Wwjfvwi
m¤¢e bq|

mwVKfv‡e †jb‡`b mgvß Kiv

AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U cÖwµqvi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR n‡jv Avw_©K †jb‡`b mwVKfv‡e mgvß Kiv| Avgv‡`i
†`‡ki AwaKvsk B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡b †jb‡`b cÖwµqvq GL‡bv ¯^”QZv Av‡mwb| AvšÍR©vwZK B-Kgvm©
cÖwZôvb¸‡jv International Master Card, PayPal, Visa Card BZ¨vw` e¨envi K‡i| Avgv‡`i
†`‡kI GKwU MÖnY‡hvM¨ wewbgq gva¨g wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e, hv Øviv mn‡R Ges mwVKfv‡e †jb‡`b cÖwµqv
m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e n‡e|

†hfv‡e AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U Kvh©µg m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i

†µZv‡`i wbKU †_‡K cY¨ I †mev wewµi AW©vi cvIqv Ges `ªæZZvi mv‡_ †m Abyhvqx cY¨ Ges †mevmg~n
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cY¨ µ‡qi B”Qv †cvlY Kivi Av‡M Aek¨B cY¨wU m¤ú‡K© A‡bK hvPvB-evQvB K‡ib Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨
msMÖn K‡i _v‡Kb| Kxfv‡e GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb Kvh©Kix Dcv‡q Zv‡`i AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U Ki‡Z cv‡i
†m wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvÑ

B-Kgvm© AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g‡›U e¨eüZ RbwcÖq mdUIq¨vimg~n

AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U cÖwµqv mnR Ges Kvh©Kix Kivi j‡¶¨ wewfbœ B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb AvR KgwcDUvi
mdUIq¨vi Ges †gvevBj A¨vc e¨envi Ki‡Q| †K‡bv AvR gvbyl AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U cÖwµqvwU‡K
A‡Uv‡g‡UW K‡i †d‡j‡Q Zvi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡MB ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G Kv‡R mdUIq¨vi e¨env‡ii d‡j GKw`K
w`‡q †hgb AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U cÖwµqvq fzjÎæwUi cwigvY K‡g Av‡m, Ab¨w`‡K cÖvwZôvwbK A‡bK Li‡Pi
cwigvYI Kgv‡bv m¤¢e nq| wb‡P wek¦e¨vcx eûj e¨eüZ B-Kgvm© AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U mdUIq¨vimg~n
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvÑ

c„ôv- 131
 †gMv‡f›Uwi
GwU I‡qemvBUwfwËK AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U Ges wmAviGg mdUIq¨vi| Gi gva¨‡g GK‡Î A‡bK †µZvi
AW©vi MÖnY, †µZv‡`i Z_¨, gRy`K…Z c‡Y¨i cwigvY, †jb‡`b Pvjvb BZ¨vw` ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv
m¤¢e| †Kv‡bv iKg †c‡g›U Qvov GB mdUIq¨vi GK gvm e¨envi Kiv hv‡e Ges Zvici †_‡K cÖwZ gv‡m
10 Wjvi cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e|

eª¨vÛ AW©vi
GwU weUzwe B-Kgvm©wfwËK mdUIq¨vi, hvi gva¨‡g cvBKvwi cwigv‡Y cY¨ µq-weµqwelqK AW©vi
g¨v‡bR‡g›U Kiv nq| cvmIqvW© e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g we‡µZv cÖwZôvb Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ GLv‡b Rgv
ivL‡Z cv‡i Ges A‡Uv‡g‡UW cÖwµqvq w`‡bi †k‡l gRy`K…Z c‡Y¨i cwigvY, †gvU wewµi cwigvY, bZzb
AW©vi cwigvY BZ¨vw` welqK Z_¨ mn‡RB †c‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|

Bjvw÷K
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvc~Y© GB evRv‡i North Face, Oakly, Hurley BZ¨vw` bvgKiv eª¨vÛ¸‡jv GB mdUIq¨viwU
Zv‡`i AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U Kvh©µ‡g e¨envi K‡i Avm‡Q| Gi GKwU eo myweav n‡jv Gi gva¨‡g weUzwe Ges
we2wewfwËK AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U Kvh©µg mdjfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e| Gi AviI GKwU eo myweav n‡jv, Gi
gva¨‡g ATS Ges ERP-Gi mdj mgš^q mvab Kiv m¤¢e|

Vin eRetail
GwU GKwU Kvh©Kix gvwë P¨v‡bj AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U mdUIq¨vi| Gi gva¨‡g I‡qemvBU, †gvevBj
A¨vc, B-†gBj, †gvevBj †dvb BZ¨vw` wewfbœ P¨v‡bj e¨envi K‡i GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i AW©vi
g¨v‡bR‡g›U Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, mwVKfv‡e †µZv m¤úª`v‡qi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM i¶v Ges mwVK cY¨ †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi
gva¨‡g Zv‡`i mš‘wó AR©bÑ GB `ywU Kv‡R Kv÷gvi g¨v‡bR‡g›U Ges AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui weKí
†bB| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvc~Y© AvR‡Ki evRv‡i cÖwZwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZv wbf©i Ki‡Q Dchy³ Kv÷gvi
g¨v‡bR‡g›U Ges AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U †KŠk‡ji Dci|

132-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-31

A¨vbvwjwUKm Ges wi‡cvU©

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
wewfbœ ai‡bi A¨vbvwjwUKm Uzjm m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|
wewfbœ ai‡bi wi‡cvU© m¤ú‡K© hveZxq Z_¨ cÖ`vb|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K wkL‡eb

¸Mj A¨vbvwjwUKm m¤ú‡K©|
¸Mj A¨vbvwjwUK‡mi e¨envimg~n Kx Kx?
wewfbœ ai‡bi wi‡cvU© m¤ú‡K© aviYv|
A¨vbvwjwUKm n‡jv gwbUwis‡qi gva¨‡g we‡kølY Kiv| Avi RbwcÖq gwbUwis Uzjm n‡jv ¸Mj A¨vbvwjwUKm|
GwU eûj e¨eüZ ¸M‡ji GKwU AbjvBb gv‡K©wUs A¨vbvwjwUKm Uzj| mvaviYZ GKwU wbw`©ó I‡qemvBU
A‡bK †mvm© †_‡K wfwRUi †c‡Z cv‡i| †hgbÑ †dmeyK, UzBUvi, wj¼WBb, Ab¨ †Kv‡bv I‡qemvBU
BZ¨vw`| Gi gva¨‡g Avcbvi weÁvcb KZevi †`Lv n‡jv, †Kv_v n‡Z †`Lv n‡jv, †Kvb eq‡mi wfDqvi
†`L‡jb Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| GQvov ÷‡Ki Z‡_¨i mv‡_ wgwj‡q eyS‡Z cvi‡eb Avcbvi GB weÁvcb
†KŠkj KZUv KvR Ki‡Q| cieZ©x mg‡q Avcwb AviI fv‡jv ev‡RU ˆZwi Kiv Ges Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ A¨v‡Wi
†KŠk‡jI cwieZ©b Avb‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ hw` bv GKRb I‡qe g¨v‡bRvi Rvb‡Z cv‡ib †Kvb †mvm© Zv‡K
KZ wfwRU‡ii †RvMvb w`‡”Q, Zvn‡j wZwb mwVK wecYb †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡eb| A¨vbvwjwUKm

c„ôv- 133
 G †¶‡Î Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| ¸Mj A¨vbvwjwUKm e¨env‡i †h Z_¨¸‡jv cvIqv hvq Ges †m¸‡jv
†_‡K Kx DcKvi cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i †mUv ms‡¶‡c Rvbv‡bv n‡”QÑ

†gvU wfwRU Ges BDwbK wfwRU

Avcbvi I‡qemvB‡Ui mvaviYfv‡e †gvU wfwRU‡ii msL¨v Ges BDwbK wfwRU‡ii msL¨v Avcwb ¸Mj
A¨vbvwjwUKm †_‡K Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| BDwbK wfwRUi n‡”Q wVK KZRb mvBUwU †`‡L‡Qb| D`vniY wn‡m‡e
GKRb e¨w³ mvB‡Ui 10wU †cR wfwRU Ki‡j †gvU wfwRU n‡e 10, BDwbK wfwRU 1|

Mo Ae¯’v‡bi mgq
mvB‡U wfwRUi M‡o KZ mgq KvwU‡q‡Qb Rvbv hv‡e A¨vbvwjwUKm †_‡K| ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB hZ †ewk wfwRUi
mgq KvUv‡eb, mvB‡Ui gvb ZZ fv‡jv Zv eySv hvq| mvaviYfv‡e eø‡M 5 wgwbU mgq‡K fv‡jv g‡b Kiv
nq| D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i GB mvB‡U Mo mgq 11 †_‡K 12 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨|

evDÝ †iU
†Kv‡bv wfwRUi mvB‡U G‡m mv‡_ mv‡_ P‡j †M‡j Zv‡K ejv nq evDÝ †iU| kZKiv nv‡i GUv cÖKvk
Kiv nq| evDÝ †iU 40 ch©šÍ ¯^vfvweK| hw` 80 wKsev Av‡iv †ewk nq Zvn‡j a‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib mvBUwU
wfwRUi‡K AvKl©Y Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv|

bZzb Ges wbqwgZ wfwRUi

†gvU wfwRUi‡`i g‡a¨ bZzb wfwRU‡ii (cÖ_gevi wfwRU Kiv) Ges wbqwgZ wfwRU‡ii kZKiv wnmve Rvb‡Z
cv‡ib| †KvbwU †ewk n‡j fv‡jv nq welqwU wbf©i K‡i mvB‡Ui ai‡bi Ici| wbqwgZ wfwRUi †ewk nIqvi
A_© Zviv mvBU cQ›` Ki‡Qb, Avi bZzb wfwRUi †ewk nIqvi A_© wfwRUi mn‡R mvBU Ly‡u R cv‡”Qb|

kniwfwËK Z_¨
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wfwRU‡ii m~Î
wfwRUi‡`i g‡a¨ KZRb mvP© BwÄb ev Ab¨fv‡e G‡m‡Qb †m Z_¨ Rvbv hvq|

A¨vbvwjwUK‡mi ¸iæZ¡
Lye mn‡RB mvd‡j¨i cwigvc wba©viY|
AwZwi³ LiP wbqš¿Y K‡i|
eª¨vÛ B‡gR Ges †mj‡mi DbœwZ mvab K‡i|
m‡e©vcwi e¨emvi Dbœqb mvab K‡i|

¸Mj A¨vbvwjwUKm †hfv‡e KvR K‡i

Drm †_‡K WvUv‡K msMÖn K‡i|
msM„nxZ WvUv‡K Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cÖwµqv K‡i|
cÖ‡qvRbxq dig¨v‡U WvUvi AvDUcyU cÖ`vb K‡i|

134-c„ôv
†dmey‡Ki †hme wel‡qi Dci A¨vbvjvBwmm K‡i wi‡cvU© ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡eÑ
Post Like
Post Reach
Post Engagement
Message
Phone Call

wi‡cv‡U©i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ aib

Audience reports
Acquisition reports
Advertising reports
Behavior reports
Multi-Channel Funnels reports
Browser Report
Device Performance Report
Hours & Days Report
New vs. Returning Visitors
Landing Pages Report
Bounce Rate vs. Exit Rate Report
Keyword Analysis Report

c„ôv- 135
 Aa¨vq-32

B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU wmwKDwiwU

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui wbivcËvi Rb¨ I‡qe wmwKDwiwUi ¸iæZ¡ ch©v‡jvPbv|
GKwU I‡qemvB‡Ui wbivcËv w`‡Z Kx Kx c×wZ Aej¤^b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K wkÿYxq

B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui wbivcËv †`qvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv KZUzKz?
I‡qemvB‡Ui wbivcËv †`qvi m¤¢ve¨ Dcvq¸‡jv Kx Kx?
GKwU e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi †hgb wmwKDwiwUi `iKvi †Zgwb B-Kgv‡m©iI `iKvi| Z‡e B-Kgv‡m©i wmwKDwiwU
g~jZ AbjvBbwfwËK| B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi I‡qemvB‡UB Zvi me Kv÷gvi WvUv, †fÛi WvUv, Avc‡jv‡WW
†cÖvWv± WvUv _v‡K| Gi wmwKDwiwU Aek¨B wbwðZ Kiv evÃbxq| mvBevi RM‡Z n¨vKvi‡`i †_‡K euvP‡Z
ïiæ‡ZB e¨e¯’v bv wb‡j cieZ©x‡Z Av‡iv eo ai‡bi mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †h‡Kv‡bv B-Kgvm© cÖ‡R± nv‡Z
†bqvi c~‡e© Zvi wbivcËv c×wZ wb‡q GKRb D‡`¨v³v‡K I‡qemvB‡Ui wbivcËvwelqK cwiKíbv Ki‡Z
n‡e| wb‡P welq¸‡jv wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvÑ

†nvw÷s mvf©vi wmwKDwiwU

†h †nvw÷s mvf©vi e¨envi Kiv n‡e Zvi wmwKDwiwU m¤ú‡K© †cÖvfvBWv‡ii †_‡K wbwðZ n‡q †b‡eb| mvf©vi

136-c„ôv
Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g hv‡Z me mgq Avc‡WU _v‡K †mw`‡KI †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K
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†Kv‡bv †iKW© Av‡Q wK-bv ev Zvi mvf©vi wmwKDwiwU m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv Awf‡hvM wQj wK-bv BZ¨vw` wel‡q
Rvbvi †Póv Kiæb| Kv÷gvi wiwfD G‡¶‡Î GKRb evemvqx‡K †ewk mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

K¬vDW wWÕWm cÖ‡UKkb

mvf©v‡i wWÕWm cÖ‡UKkb e¨envi Av‡Q wK-bv Zv wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov wWÕWm cÖ‡UKk‡bi Rb¨ _vW©
cvwU© wWÕWm cÖ‡UKkb wm‡÷g e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wd« `ywU wWÕWm cÖ‡UKkb wm‡÷g n‡jv incapsula.
com Ges cloudflare.com| GiKg Av‡iv K¬vDW †eRW wWÕWm cÖ‡UKkb wm‡÷g Av‡Q| g~jZ GB
wm‡÷‡g †Kv‡bv I‡qemvB‡U cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g cÖ‡UK‡UW mvf©v‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i †PK Kiv nq †h wiqvj
wfwRUi bvwK †Kv‡bv †dK eU cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q| hw` wiqvj wfwRUi cÖ‡ek Kivi †Póv K‡i Z‡e I‡qemvB‡U
†gBj mvf©v‡i mivmwi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi cvIqv hvq| Avi hw` †Kv‡bv †dK eU I‡qemvB‡Ui mvf©v‡i wnU Kivi
†Póv K‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡K cÖ_g †÷‡R GiKg wWÕWm cÖ‡UKkb eøK K‡i †`q|

I‡qe A¨vwcø‡Kkb †j‡fj wmwKDwiwU

†h I‡qe A¨vwcø‡KkbwU (IqvW©‡cÖm, I‡cbKvU©, g¨v‡R‡›Uv) e¨envi Ki‡eb Zvi fvjbv‡iwewjwU †PK
Kiv `iKvi| we‡kl K‡i SQL Injection, Cross Site Scripting, Cross Site Request Forgery,
File Inclusion, Remote code Execution, Web Backdore, Remote File upload GB ai‡bi
fvjbv‡iwewjwU †PK Ki‡Z n‡e I wd· Ki‡Z n‡e| hviv Gme wel‡q GK`g bZzb Zviv fv‡jv gv‡bi
Vulnerability Scanner-Gi †ní wb‡Z cv‡ib|

wmwKDwiwU c¨vP
B-Kgvm© mvBU¸‡jv‡Z †µZv‡`i †µwWU/†WweU Kv‡W©i Z_¨ QvovI A‡bK ¯úk©KvZi Z_¨ _v‡K, †h¸‡jv
†Kv‡bvfv‡e Pzwi n‡q †M‡j e¨vsK A¨vKvD›U †_‡K cv‡m©vbvj KgwcDUvi mewKQyB SzuwK‡Z co‡e| wbivcËv
mgm¨vi myivnv K‡i wewfbœ wmGgGm bZzb bZzb c¨v‡Pi Avc‡WU †`q| Aek¨B GB wmwKDwiwU c¨vP Bb÷j
K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Bb÷j Kiv n‡q †M‡j I‡qemvB‡Ui c~‡e©i wmwKDwiwU SzuwKi mgvavb n‡e|

cvmIqvW©
me K‡›Uªvj c¨v‡b‡ji cvmIqvW© cwieZ©b I kw³kvjx Kiv| cvmIqvW© wgwbgvg 12 K¨v‡i±vi Ki‡Z n‡e
Ges msL¨v, bv¤^vi, †QvU Ges eo nv‡Zi †jUv‡ii wgkÖY Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z cvmIqvW© n¨vK Kiv cÖvq Am¤¢e
n‡q c‡o| Kv÷gvi‡`i‡KI Zv‡`i cvmIqvW© kw³kvjx Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

GmGmGj e¨envi
I‡qemvB‡Ui wVKvbvi (BDAviGj) ïiæ‡Z http:// _v‡K, wbðqB †Lqvj K‡i‡Qb| GB http:// n‡jv GKwU
A¨vwcø‡Kkb cÖ‡UvKj| Gi c~Y© iƒc Hyper Text Transfer Protocol; wKš‘ Avcwb wK j¶ K‡i‡Qb wKQy
mvB‡Ui wVKvbvi ïiæ‡Z https:// _v‡K? https:// ïaygvÎ †mB mvBU¸‡jv‡ZB _v‡K, †h¸‡jv GmGmGj/
wUGjGm mvwU©wd‡KUcÖvß| GB https:// n‡jv Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure-Gi msw¶ß
iƒc| cÖK…Zc‡¶ GB mvBU¸‡jv †Mvcb Z_¨vw` (we‡kl K‡i cvmIqvW© I Ab¨vb¨ †Mvcb b¤^i) Av`vb-
cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î wbivc`|

c„ôv- 137
 †mbwmwUf WvUv I‡qemvB‡U †÷vi bv Kiv
Kv÷gv‡ii †WweU/†µwWU Kv‡W©i cvmIqvW© I‡qemvB‡U msi¶Y Kiv DwPZ bq| G‡Z hw` †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y
I‡qemvBU n¨vK nq Zvn‡j Kv÷gvi KvW© WvUv n¨vKv‡ii nv‡Z P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z Kv÷gvi eo ai‡bi
Avw_©K ¶wZi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z cv‡ib|

Kg©Pvix‡`i cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb

†h Kg©Pvixiv I‡qemvB‡Ui e¨vKG‡Û KvR Ki‡eb, Zv‡`i cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Zviv †hb KL‡bv
I‡qemvB‡Ui †Kv‡bv WvUv evB‡i †Kv‡bv gva¨‡g G·‡cvU© ev †kqvi bv K‡ib| G‡Z GKwU †Kv¤úvwb eo
ai‡bi ¶wZi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z cv‡i|

e¨vKAvc
wbqwgZ mvB‡Ui e¨vKAvc ivLv Lye Riæwi| e¨vKAvc dvBj wmwKDiW †cø‡m I wmwKDiWfv‡e ivL‡Z
n‡e| GLb e¨vKAv‡ci Rb¨ _vW© cvwU© K¬vDW A¨vwcø‡Kkb Av‡Q| `yf©vM¨ekZ mvBUwU n¨vK n‡j mv‡_ mv‡_
A¨vWwgb I wmc¨v‡b‡ji cvmIqvW© e`j Ki‡Z n‡e| mvB‡Ui me Kb‡U›U wWwjU K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| Zvici
e¨vKAvc †_‡K cy‡iv mvBUwU Avevi Pvjv‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bvfv‡eB ïay n¨vK nIqv †cRwU wi‡cøm K‡i KvR
†kl fve‡j fzj n‡e| Gi KviY n¨vKviiv Ab¨ wW‡i±wi‡Z †Kv‡bv g¨v‡jwkqvm †KvW ev fvBivm BbcyU
w`‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i| †m‡¶‡Î n¨vK wmc¨v‡bj †_‡K I‡qemvBU e¨envi Kiv wbivc` bq| me‡k‡l A‡b‡KB
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU wbivcËvi wel‡q m‡PZb bq| Z‡e cÖhyw³i AMÖMwZi mv‡_ I‡qemvB‡Ui wbivcËv
Avc‡WU bv ivL‡j Kv÷gvi Ges cÖwZôvb gvivZ¥K ¶wZi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wmwKDwiwU wb‡q †Kv‡bv
g‡ZB Ae‡njv Kiv DwPZ bq|

138-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-34

B-Kgvm© †c‡g›U I AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgv‡m© wewfbœ †c‡g›U ev †jb‡`b cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf|
KvW© wbqš¿YKvix cÖwZôvb Ges AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K wkL‡eb

B-Kgvm© †c‡g›U †g_Wmg~n Kx Kx?
AbjvBb †c‡g›U I B-†c‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨ cv_©K¨|
B-Iqv‡jU I †gvevBj e¨vswKs|

B-Kgvm© †c‡g›U
B-Kgvm© †c‡g›U ej‡Z Avgiv eywS cÖPwjZ †hme †c‡g›U cÖ‡m‡mi gva¨‡g B-Kgv‡m© †c‡g›U †`qv nq ev
cY¨ I †mevi g~j¨ cwi‡kva Kiv nq| B-Kgvm© †h‡nZz AbjvBbwfwËK e¨emv, ZvB B-Kgv‡m© †c‡g›UI
AbjvBbwfwËK n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e Avgv‡`i †`‡k we‡kl K‡i Gwkqvi †`k¸‡jv‡Z AbjvBb †c‡g›U
cÖ‡mm¸‡jv Lye †ewk RbwcÖq n‡q I‡Vwb; hZUv RbwcÖq cwðgv †`k¸‡jv‡Z| Avgv‡`i †`‡k †ewkifvM
B-Kgvm© †c‡g›U K¨vk Ab †Wwjfvwi‡Z n‡q _v‡K| B-Kgvm© †jb‡`b wewfbœ cÖK…wZi n‡Z cv‡i, †hgbÑ
weUzwe| AvMvgx‡Z B-†c‡g‡›U Av‡iv GKavc cwieZ©b Avm‡Q| d‡j †jb‡`‡bi bZzb dig¨vU `uvov‡e †hgb

c„ôv- 139
 wRUzwc, wcUzwR BZ¨vw`| GKB Kvi‡Y bvbviKg †jb‡`b B-Kgv‡m© AšÍfz©³ n‡q co‡e Ges B-†c‡g‡›U bZzb
bZzb c_ hy³ n‡e| wewfbœ ai‡bi †c‡g›U c×wZÑ

K¨vk Ab †Wwjfvwi
cY¨ †Wwjfvwi †`qvi ci cY¨ nv‡Z †c‡q †Wwjfvwig¨v‡bi nv‡ZB †µZv cY¨g~j¨ eywS‡q †`b| †Wwjfvwig¨vb
gv‡P©›U ev cÖwZôv‡bi wbR¯^ n‡Z cv‡ib, n‡Z cv‡ib †Kv‡bv Z…Zxq c‡ÿi †hgb Kzwiqvi mvwf©m ev wkwcs
†Kv¤úvwbi| hw` †mUv Avjv`v †Kv‡bv jwRw÷K †Kv¤úvwb nq †m‡¶‡Î cY¨g~j¨ MÖnY Kivi c‡i gv‡P©›U ev
we‡µZvi nv‡Z cÖvß A_© †cuŠ‡Q †`q|

KwÛkb †Wwjfvwi
KwÛkb †Wwjfvwi Avm‡j K¨vk Ab †Wwjfvwii g‡ZvB| ïay G‡¶‡Î Kv÷gv‡ii wVKvbv Abyhvqx cY¨
†Wwjfvwi w`‡q †c‡g›U †bqv nq bv! eis Kv÷gvi‡K †Kv‡bv wcKAvc c‡q›U †_‡K g~j¨ PzwK‡q Zvici
cY¨wU MÖnY Ki‡Z nq|

wfwc‡hv‡M
GUv evsjv‡`k WvK wefv‡Mi cyi‡bv cÖhyw³ I GK mg‡qi eûj cÖPwjZ GKwU †mev| K¨vk Ab †Wwjfvwii
g‡ZvB| GLv‡b †Wwjfvwi Avi †c‡g›U GKB c¨v‡K‡Ri g‡a¨ m¤úbœ nq| gv‡P©›U ev we‡µZv Zvi cY¨
†µZvi AW©vi Abymv‡i †µZvi wVKvbvq cvVvb Avi †µZv †mUv †cv÷ Awd‡m wM‡q cY¨g~j¨ Ges WvKg~j¨
`y‡Uv cwi‡kva K‡i cY¨ MÖnY K‡ib| GK mgq wfwc‡hv‡M cÖPzi eBcÎ wewµ n‡Zv|

†gvevBj gvwb AW©vi

†`‡k GKmgq `~i-`~iv‡šÍ UvKv cvVv‡bvi GKgvÎ gva¨g wQj gvwb AW©vi| gvwb AW©v‡i UvKv cvVv‡j †hgwb
mgq jvMZ A‡bK †Zgwb bvbviKg mgm¨v n‡Zv| Amvay Kg©Pvixiv A‡bK mgq wb‡R‡`i `vwqZ¡ mwVKfv‡e
cvjb KiZ bv| wKš‘ gvwb AW©viUv †gvevB‡ji gva¨‡g cvVv‡bvi d‡j gvwb AW©vi †mevi gvb eû¸Y †e‡o
†M‡Q| GUv evsjv‡`k WvK wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g GKwU †gvevBj e¨vswKs †mevq iƒc wb‡q‡Q|

AbjvBb e¨vswKs
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g †h e¨vswKs Zv‡KB B›Uvi‡bU e¨vswKs ev AbjvBb e¨vswKs e‡j| e¨vs‡K LAN Ges
WAN-Gi mvnv‡h¨ †hme e¨vswKs †mev cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K AbjvBb e¨vswKs e‡j| AbjvBb e¨vswKs‡qi
Ggb KZ¸‡jv D`vniY n‡”QÑ A‡Uv‡g‡UW dvÛ UªvÝdvi, B-†PK, B‡jKUªwbK gvwb BZ¨vw`|

†gvevBj e¨vswKs
mnR K_vq †gvevB‡ji gva¨‡g †h e¨vswKs Kiv ZvB †gvevBj e¨vswKs| GmGgG‡mi gva¨‡g GB e¨vs‡Ki
Z_¨MZ †jb‡`b m¤úbœ nq e‡j G‡K GmGgGm e¨vswKsI e‡j| me©cÖ_g 1999 mv‡j BD‡iv‡ci K‡qKwU
e¨vsK GUv Pvjy K‡i| †gvevBj e¨vswKs‡qi gva¨‡g e¨vs‡K A¨vKvD›U _vKvi kZ©mv‡c‡¶ GmGgG‡mi
gva¨‡g †cÖiK cÖvc‡Ki Z_¨ I †dvb b¤^i wewbgq K‡i A_© ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv hvq| evsjv‡`‡k †gvevBj
e¨vswKs‡q AvšÍte¨vsK †jb‡`b myweav Pvjy †bB Ges BGmGmwW cÖvBwms wb‡qI cÖwZeÜKZv i‡q‡Q| ZeyI
eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k †gvevBj e¨vswKs †ek RbwcÖq| †hgbÑ GLbKvi gvbyl †ewkifvM mg‡q UvKv Av`vb
cÖ`v‡b weKvk, i‡K‡Ui Dci wbf©ikxj|

140-c„ôv
wMdU KvW©
wMdU KvW©‡K wMdU †Uv‡KbI ejv nq| GUv Avm‡j wMdU fvDPvi, hv w`‡q Aby‡gvw`Z kc †_‡K wbw`©ó
As‡Ki cY¨ ev †mev †Kbv hvq| GUv wi‡mjvi ev e¨vs‡Ki c¶ †_‡K Bmy¨ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GUv bM` UvKv
w`‡q cY¨ †Kbvi GKUv weKí gva¨g| mvaviYZ †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv Zv‡`i cÖ‡gvkb Ges gv‡K©wUs †KŠkj wn‡m‡e
wMdU fvDPvi Advi K‡i _v‡K| KL‡bv KL‡bv K¨vke¨vK gv‡K©wUs‡qi weKí wn‡m‡eI Gi e¨envi †`Lv
hvq| wMdU fvDPv‡ii gva¨‡g Kv÷gvi wbw`©ó GKwU †`vKvb †_‡K fvDPv‡i DwjøwLZ wbw`©ó cwigvY cY¨
wKb‡Z cv‡ib Ges †mRb¨ Zv‡K †Kv‡bv A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq bv|

¯§vU© KvW©
¯§vU© KvW© n‡jv wbivcËv msµvšÍ Kv‡R e¨eüZ KvW© AvK…wZi hv‡Z Bw›U‡MÖ‡UW mvwK©U mshy³ _v‡K| ¯§vU©
KvW© g~jZ `yB cÖKviÑ †ggwi KvW©, hvi g‡a¨ †ggwi ev ¯§„wZ fvÐvi _v‡K Ges gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi KvW©, hvi
g‡a¨ †ggwi QvovI gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi _v‡K| D`vniY¯^iƒc †gvevBj †dv‡b e¨eüZ wmg KvW© n‡jv GK ai‡bi
¯§vU© KvW©| AbjvB‡b wbivc` †jb‡`b I e¨vswKs‡qi Rb¨ G ai‡bi ¯§vU© KvW© e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
†mUv †WweU KvW© I †µwWU KvW© n‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡`i †`‡k eZ©gv‡b b¨vkbvj AvBwW Kv‡W©I GB cÖhyw³
e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

AbjvBb †c‡g›U
mvaviY †jb‡`‡bi mv‡_ Gi cv_©K¨ n‡”Q GB †jb‡`b Kivi Rb¨ `vZv ev MÖnxZv‡K mkix‡i mv¶vr Ki‡Z
nq bv| AbjvBb ev B›Uvi‡bU †mev e¨envi K‡i †hme †jb‡`b Kiv hvq Zv‡K AbjvBb †c‡g›U e‡j| G
ai‡bi e¨e¯’vq e¨vs‡Ki m¤ú„³Zv ev e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g †jb‡`b Kiv nq| G‡Z A‡_©i GKUv fvPz©qvj †jb‡`b
m¤úbœ nq| G‡K K¨vk‡jm wm‡÷gI e‡j| AbjvBb †c‡g‡›Ui mv‡_ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i wbweo
m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM, wKQy nvW©Iq¨vi wWfvBm Ges wKQy wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi Ges wWwRUvj
Z_¨ wewbgq Qvov GB †jb‡`b m¤¢e bq| AbjvBb †c‡g‡›U UvKv wdwRK¨vwj Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq bv|
wKQy Z_¨ I msL¨vi gva¨‡g GLv‡b A_© Av`vb-cÖ`vb nq| eZ©gv‡b ˆe‡`wkK †jb‡`b, fvPz©qvj cY¨ ev
†mevi wd AbjvB‡b †c Kiv nq| w`‡b w`‡b wewfbœ AbjvBb k‡c †KbvKvUvi †¶‡ÎI AbjvBb †c‡g‡›Ui
e¨envi evo‡Q| Gi myweav n‡jv GUv Zvr¶wYKfv‡e GKwU cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g m¤úbœ nq| G‡Z mgq kÖg I
LiP †eu‡P hvq|

B-†c‡g›U A¨vKvD›U
wR‡gBj, Bqvû, nU‡gBj BZ¨vw` B-†gBj A¨vKvD‡›Ui g‡ZvB GKwU B-†c‡g›U A¨vKvD›U| Z‡e GLv‡b
GKRb e¨enviKvixi e¨w³MZ Z_¨vw`, e¨vsK A¨vKvD›U, †µwWU KvW©, †WweU KvW© †hgb wfmv ev gv÷vi
Kv‡W©i g‡Zv AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨ KvW© msµvšÍ wnmve msiw¶Z _v‡K| GB A¨vKvD›U e¨envi K‡i
wek¦e¨vcx UvKv UªvÝdvi, µq-weµq BZ¨vw` †jb‡`b Kiv hvq| †hgbÑ †Kv‡bv e¨w³ B›Uvi‡b‡U wd«j¨vwÝs
KvR K‡i wKQy Wjvi Avq Ki‡jb| GB A_© AbjvB‡b †c‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Avcbvi B-†c‡g›U A¨vKvD›U|
Avevi †KD GKwU we‡`wk kc †_‡K †Kv‡bv cY¨ µq Ki‡jb| wZwb B-†c‡g›U A¨vKvD‡›Ui gva¨‡g g~j¨
†kva Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

B-†c‡g›U cÖ‡mwms
B-†c‡g›U cÖ‡m‡m †hme †Kv¤úvwb gva¨g ev mvwf©m †cÖvfvBWvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Zv‡`i‡K ejv nq B-†c‡g›U

c„ôv- 141
 cÖ‡mmi| Avgv‡`i †`‡k Af¨šÍixY B-†c‡g›U cÖ‡mm Kivi Rb¨ †`kxqfv‡e wKQy †c‡g›U cÖ‡mmi †Kv¤úvwb
i‡q‡Q| Giv g~jZ KvW© GwMÖ‡MUi| Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g †c‡g›U w`‡j G¸‡jv gv‡P©›U ev MÖnxZvi c¶ n‡q Gme
†Kv¤úvwb MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Aby‡gv`b Ges cÖwZwU e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ wbw`©ó Pzw³e‡j GB
nvDR¸‡jv †c‡g›U cÖ‡mm K‡i| ZvB G¸‡jv‡K ejv nq AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q|

e¨vsK A¨vKvD›U KvW© I AbjvBb †c‡g›U KvW©

Avgv‡`i †`‡k mvaviYZ hv‡`i e¨vs‡K A¨vKvD›U i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i wnmv‡ei wecix‡Z e¨vsK KZ©…K wewfbœ KvW©
Bmy¨ Kiv nq| e¨vsK¸‡jv Zv‡`i MÖvn‡Ki bv‡g KvW© Bmy¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB KvW©B n‡jv e¨vsK KvW©| e¨vsK
KvW© `yÕiK‡gi n‡q _v‡K| †hgbÑ †WweU KvW© I †µwWU KvW©| Avevi GgbI n‡Z cv‡i Af¨šÍixY I
AvšÍR©vwZK| AbjvBb †c‡g›U KvW© n‡jv †mB KvW©, hv w`‡q AbjvB‡b A_© Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| wek¦Ry‡o
AbjvBb †c‡g›U †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv GB KvW© Bmy¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB KvW© `yÕiKg n‡Z cv‡i| †hgbÑ wm‡½j
Kv‡iwÝ KvW© I Wz‡qj Kv‡iwÝ KvW©| Avevi GgbI n‡Z cv‡i wdwRK¨vj KvW© I fvPz©qvj KvW©|

†WweU I †µwWU KvW©

G ai‡bi KvW© e¨vsK Bmy¨ K‡i e¨vsK A¨vKvD‡›Ui wecix‡Z| hw` e¨vs‡K Rgv _vKv UvKvi wecix‡Z KvW©
Bmy¨ Kiv nq Zv‡K †WweU KvW© e‡j| G‡¶‡Î wnmveavix e¨w³ ZLwb KvW© Øviv UvKv D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
hZ¶Y Zvi A¨vKvD‡›U ch©vß A_© Rgv _vK‡e| Ab¨w`‡K Rgv bv _vKv m‡Ë¡I †µwWU KvW© w`‡q UvKv †Zvjv
hvq| GB KvW© w`‡q g~jZ av‡i cY¨ µq Kiv hvq| mvaviYZ GKwU ¯^í mg‡qi k‡Z© GB †jvb †`qv nq|
mgq cvi n‡j Zvi mv‡_ gybvdv hy³ n‡Z _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡k AbjvBb e¨vswKs I GwUGg ey_ Pvjy nIqvi ci
G ai‡bi Kv‡W©i e¨envi †e‡o‡Q| wKš‘ wewfbœ Kvi‡Y AbjvB‡b †KbvKvUvi †¶‡Î GL‡bv †WweU/†µwWU
Kv‡W©i e¨envi Avkvbyiƒc nqwb|

wdwRK¨vj I fvPz©qvj KvW©

wdwRK¨vj KvW© n‡jv nvW© KvW© hvi GKwU kvixwiK I `„k¨gvb iƒc i‡q‡Q hv aiv I †Quvqv hvq| †ewkifvM
†¶‡ÎB †WweU I †µwWU KvW©¸‡jv `„k¨gvb KvW© n‡q _v‡K| †hgbÑ gv÷vi KvW©, wfmv KvW©, wKD
K¨vk, Av‡gwiKvb G·‡cÖm I †b·vm| Avi fvPz©qvj KvW© n‡jv mdU KvW© hvi †Kv‡bv e¯‘iƒc †bB| GwU
KgwcDUv‡i iw¶Z GKwU †Mvcb I e¨w³MZ bv¤^vi Øviv msiw¶Z _v‡K| AbjvBb †c‡g›U KvW©¸‡jv
mvaviYZ †ewkifvM fvPz©qvj dig¨v‡U _v‡K| †hgbÑ †cc¨vj, †b‡Ujvi, †cAbGqvi I GjvU©‡c BZ¨vw`|

B-Iqv‡jU
B-Iqv‡jU ev B‡jKUªwbK Iqv‡jU Ggb GKwU mnR AbjvBb †c‡g›U mgvavb †`q hv‡Z gyn~‡Z©B B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
gva¨‡g Z_¨ ev wWwRU Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i †jb‡`b Kiv hvq| G ai‡bi †mev`vZv cÖwZôvb¸‡jv Zv‡`i
MÖvnK‡K GKwU fvPz©qvj A¨vKvD›U ˆZwi Kivi my‡hvM †`q hv Øviv wewfbœ †c‡g›U †g_‡W MÖvnK AbjvBb
†÷vi¸‡jv‡K g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cv‡ib| MÖvnKiv GLv‡b fwel¨‡Z cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ UvKv wW‡cvwRU
ivL‡Z cv‡ib| B-Iqv‡jU †mev cÖ`vbKvix †Kv¤úvwb Avm‡j B-Iqv‡jU Znwej MÖnY Ki‡Z Ges I‡qe
†`vKv‡bi A¨vKvD‡›U ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z my‡hvM †`q|

AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q

evsjv‡`k †cÖw¶Z I B-Kgvm© AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q Ggb GKwU gva¨g hv‡Z AbjvB‡b wWwRUvj

142-c„ôv
dig¨v‡U †jb‡`b Kiv hvq| gv‡P©›U wn‡m‡e MÖvn‡Ki KvQ †_‡K cY¨ ev †mevi g~j¨ MÖnY Kiv hvq| MÖvnK
Zvi †µwWU, †WweU KvW©, AbjvBb e¨vswKs‡qi mvnv‡h¨ †h‡Kv‡bv ¯’vb †_‡K g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cv‡ib
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†Kv¤úvwb AbjvBb †c‡g›U cÖ‡mm Ki‡Q| B‡jKUªwbK †c‡g‡›Ui e¨vKG‡Ûi mwjDkb †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb
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evsjv‡`‡ki Ges †`‡ki evB‡ii KvW© G‡`‡ki AbjvBb †c‡g›U †MUI‡q‡Z KvR Ki‡Z †jvKvj AbjvBb
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Ki‡Z nq| Avi GB †jb‡`‡bi gvÎv I AsK GKwU wbw`©ó mxgvi g‡a¨ n‡e| we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki g‡Zv
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gv‡P©‡›Ui weR‡bm A¨vKvD‡›U Rgv nq| †c‡g›U †MUI‡q †Kv¤úvwb gv‡P©›U‡K †jb‡`‡bi Z_¨mg~n cÖ`vb
K‡i _v‡K|

c„ôv- 143
 Aa¨vq-34

†jb‡`b Ges A¨vKvD›U g¨v‡bR‡g›U

B-Kgvm© e¨emvq cÖwZw`b †jb‡`b nq| eQi †k‡l AwW‡Ui mgq Gme †jb‡`‡bi me wKQy ch©‡e¶Y Kiv
nq| ZvB cÖwZwU B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ GKRb c„_K A¨vKvD›U g¨v‡bRvi ivLv `iKvi| hvi `vwqZ¡ n‡e
†Kv¤úvwbi me †jb‡`b Ges A¨vKvD›U g¨v‡bR Kiv| GB KvR¸‡jv Kivi Rb¨ Zvi wbgœwjwLZ `vwqZ¡ cvjb
Ki‡Z n‡eÑ

hZ ai‡bi Avw_©K †jb‡`b nq †m¸‡jvi †iKW© ivLv

wewfbœ e¨vs‡Ki †÷U‡g›U, †mjm Bbf‡qm, cvi‡PR AW©v‡ii KvMRcÎ ¸wQ‡q ivLv| A¨vKvD›U eyK
†gBb‡Ub Kiv, †hgbÑ K¨vk eyK, e¨vsK eyK, †jRvi eyK Ges Rvb©vj| me wKQy GKmv‡_ ¸wQ‡q ivL‡Z
n‡e| A¨vKvDw›Us wm‡÷‡g cÖwZwU A¨vKvD‡›Ui Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v PvU© ˆZwi K‡i ivLv| †ewmK A¨vKvD›U
m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv| e¨vsK A_ev Ab¨vb¨ AP/AR Reconciliation msi¶Y Kiv|

dvBb¨vwÝqvj †÷U‡g›U ˆZwii Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ

dvBb¨vwÝqvj †÷U‡g›U ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ K‡¤úv‡b›U¸‡jv RiæwiÑ
e¨v‡jÝ wkU,
BbKvg wkU,
K¨vk †d¬vi †÷U‡g›U,
Changes in Equity-Gi †÷U‡g›U,

144-c„ôv
 A¨vKvD‡›Ui wewfbœ †bvU,
A¨v‡m‡Ui wnmve|

A¨v‡mU `yB fv‡M wef³

Kv‡i›U A¨v‡mU Ges bb-Kv‡i›U A¨v‡mU| bb-Kv‡i›U A¨v‡mU ej‡Z †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi `xN©‡gqvw`
wewb‡qvM‡K †evSvq| cÖwZ eQi GB m¤úwËi g~j¨ wba©viY m¤¢eci nq bv| †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi B‡›U‡jKPzqvj
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Gi D‡jøL ivLv nq|

Kv‡i›U A¨v‡mU
Kv‡i›U A¨v‡m‡Ui wnmve K¨vkwk‡U D‡jøL ivLv nq| g~jZ K¨vkmn Ab¨vb¨ wewfbœ Bb‡f›Uwi‡K (hvi g~j¨
K¨v‡k iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq) Kv‡i›U A¨v‡mU wn‡m‡e aiv nq| cÖwZ gv‡m ev eQ‡i K¨vkwk‡U GB A¨v‡m‡Ui
wnmve _v‡K| GB m¤ú‡`i YOY Movement A_©vr eQ‡ii ci eQi †MÖv‡_i wnmve ivL‡Z nq|
jvqvwewjwU‡Ri wnmve| G‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv nqÑ

Kv‡i›U jvqvwewjwUR
†Kv¤úvwb †hme †jvb GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B cwi‡kva Ki‡e ev Ki‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jv‡K Kv‡i›U jvqvwewjwUR
ejv nq| †hgbÑ ÷vd‡`i m¨vjvwi, U¨v·, BDwUwjwU wej cÖf…wZ|

bb-Kv‡i›U jvqvwewjwUR
`xN©‡gqvw` †Kv‡bv †jvb‡K bb-Kv‡i›U jvqvwewjwUR ejv nq| mvaviYZ GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †h †jvb
cwi‡kva‡hvM¨ bq Zv‡KB bb-Kv‡i›U jvqvwewjwUR e‡j|
†iwfwbD|
MÖm cÖwdU|
mvwf©m ev cY¨ wewµi Rb¨ e¨q|
A¨vWwgb, gv‡K©wUs Ges wWw÷ªweDk‡bi Rb¨ e¨q|
Earnings before Interest and Tax ( EBIT)
Earning after Tax/Profit after Tax (PAT)
K¨vk †d¬vi †÷U‡g›U|
Acv‡iwUs A¨vw±wfwU‡Ri Rb¨ K¨vk †d¬v me©`v cwRwUf n‡Z n‡e|
Bb‡fw÷s A¨vw±wfwU‡Ri Rb¨ K¨vk †d¬v me©`v weR‡b‡mi m¤úªmvi‡Yi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
wdb¨vwÝs A¨vw±wfwU‡Ri Rb¨ K¨vk †d¬v bZzb K‡i †Kv‡bv g~jab ˆZwi n‡j A_ev e¨vsK †jv‡bi mv‡_
m¤ú„³|
Change in Equity-Gi †÷U‡g›U|

weR‡bm g¨v_ m¤ú‡K© aviYv

†jb‡`b Ges A¨vKvD›U g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ g¨v_¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv Riæwi|

Profitability
GP Margin

c„ôv- 145
 Operating cost as % of Revenue
EBITDA Margin
NP Margin

Coverage
Debt Service Coverage Ratio (Net Profit/Total Bank Debt)
Interest Coverage Ratio (EBITDA/Interest

Liquidity
Current Ratio ( Current Asset/Current Liabilities)- GwU me mgq 1-Gi PvB‡Z Kg n‡Z n‡e|
Quick Ratio (Current Asset- Inventory/Current Liabilities)
Cash Ratio (Cash and Cash Equivalents/Current Liabilities)

Dchy³ weR‡bm cø¨vb ˆZwi

`xN©‡gqvw` weR‡bm cø¨vb Kivi Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwbi †iwfwbD, g~jab e¨q Ges dvwÛs cø¨v‡b Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z
n‡e| ZvQvov cÖwZ gv‡mi Rb¨ GKwU K¨vk †d¬v ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j †Kvb gv‡m K¨v‡ki KgwZ co‡e
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dvBb¨vwÝqvj †÷U‡g›U Riæwi| ÷vd‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Lv‡Z e¨q n‡j †mB Abyhvqx cø¨vb ˆZwi K‡i
ivLv| Variance we‡kølY Ki‡Z n‡e|

†Kv¤úvwbi KvR‡K Pjgvb Ges ˆea ivLvi Rb¨ Compliance RvZxq

WKz‡g›Umg~n ˆZwi Kiv Ges Rgv †`qv
Compliance requirement wn‡m‡e BbKvg U¨v‡·i KvMRcÎ Ges RJSC WKz‡g›U ivL‡Z n‡e| G¸‡jv
cÖwZwU †Kv¤úvwbi ˆeaKi‡Yi Rb¨ Avek¨K|

BbKvg U¨v·
cÖwZ eQi †Kv¤úvwb‡K Zvi Av‡qi Dci GKwU wd·W wiUvb© miKvi‡K w`‡Z nq| GwU‡KB BbKvg U¨v·
e‡j| 1984 mv‡j cÖwZwU †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ GB AvBb ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB U¨v· †`qvi mg‡q AwWU Kiv
me dvBb¨vwÝqvj †÷U‡g›U Rgv w`‡Z nq| cÖwZ eQi 30 Ryb‡K Financial Year wn‡m‡e aiv nq| A_©vr
GB eQ‡ii 30 Ryb †_‡K c‡ii eQ‡ii 30 Ryb ch©šÍ‡K GK eQi ejv nq| c‡ii eQi 15 Rvbyqvwii g‡a¨
GB wiUvb© cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cÖwZwU †Kv¤úvwb eva¨| cÖwZwU †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ U¨v· †iU 35 kZvsk|

RJSC
RJSC gv‡b n‡”Q †iwR÷vi Bb R‡q›U ÷K †Kv¤úvwb| Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwb †h R‡q›U ÷K †_‡K †iwR÷viK…Z
Zv cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K GB WKz‡g›U¸‡jv mveav‡b ivLv Riæwi| KviY GB KvMR¸‡jvB wb‡`©k †`q
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wiUvb© †`Lv‡Z nq| cÖwZ eQi GB †iwR÷viK…Z †Kv¤úvwb‡K GKwU K‡i eva¨Zvg~jK Annual General
Meeting Ki‡Z nq| GB wgwUs‡qi 21 w`‡bi g‡a¨ †Kv¤úvwbi cÖwZwU †÷K‡nvìvi Ges wW‡i±i KZUzKz
g~jab †kqvi K‡i‡Qb Zvi wnmve R‡q›U ÷K‡K w`‡Z nq| cvkvcvwk me AwWUK…Z dvBb¨vwÝqvj †÷U‡g›U
evwl©K wgwUs‡qi 30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ Rgv w`‡Z n‡e| GQvov cÖwZwU †Kv¤úvwb AwWU‡ii †bvwUm cvIqvi 30
w`‡bi g‡a¨ R‡q›U ÷K‡K Form 23B Rgv w`‡Z eva¨ _v‡K|

146-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-35

wkc‡g›U †g_W Ges †Wwjfvwi wm‡÷g

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgv‡m© wkc‡g›U †g_W Ges †Wwjfvwi wm‡÷‡gi cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYv cÖ`vb|
Kxfv‡e wkc‡g›U †g_W Ges †Wwjfvwi wm‡÷g‡K AviI DbœZ Kiv hvq †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K hv wkL‡eb

wkc‡g›U †g_W Ges †Wwjfvwi cÖwµqv¸‡jv Kx Kx?
†Wwjfvwi †mevi gvb Dbœq‡b Kvh©Kix c×wZ¸‡jv Kx Kx?

wkc‡g›U cÖwµqv
B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡U G‡m GKRb †µZv cY¨ †`‡L cQ›` Kivi c‡i c‡Y¨i AW©vi w`‡jb| wKš‘ Zvic‡i
ïiæ n‡jv Av‡iKwU bZzb cÖwµqv| B-Kgvm© mvBU ZLb †µZvi AW©viK…Z cY¨wU‡K my›`i K‡i c¨v‡K‡U
K‡i Zvic‡i †µZvi Kv‡Q †cÖiY Ki‡e| GUvB B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui Rb¨ me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vcvi hv‡K ejv
nq cY¨ †Wwjfvwi| †µZv hw` AW©vi †`qvi c‡i wVK mg‡q cY¨ nv‡Z bv cvb Zvn‡j †µZvi AbjvB‡b
†KbvKvUv m¤ú‡K© wek¦vm bó n‡q hv‡e Ges Zv‡Z IB cÖwZôvb fwel¨‡Z IB †µZvi Kv‡Q †_‡K Avi †Kv‡bv
AW©vi cv‡e bv| cY¨wU wkc‡g›U Kivi Av‡M cÖ_g KvRB n‡”Q AW©viK…Z cY¨wU my›`ifv‡e c¨v‡KU Kiv|
my›`i c¨vwKs‡q my›`ifv‡e †MvQv‡bv cY¨wU nv‡Z †c‡j Zvi LyeB fv‡jv jvM‡e Ges Zvi g‡a¨ †mB B-Kgvm©
cÖwZôvb m¤ú‡K© GKwU fv‡jv aviYv Rb¥v‡e|

c„ôv- 147
 Uªv¼K¬ve (www.trunkclub.com) wkKv‡MvwfwËK GKwU B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU| G cÖwZôvbwU cyiæl
I gwnjv‡`i Kvco I d¨vkb cY¨ wewµ K‡i _v‡K| Zviv †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q my›`i K‡i c¨v‡KU K‡i
Zv‡`i cY¨¸‡jv †cÖiY K‡i _v‡K|
Gfvi‡jBb (www.everlane.com) Av‡iKwU RbwcÖq B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBU, hviv LyeB my›`i †gvo‡K
K‡i Zv‡`i cY¨ †cÖiY K‡i _v‡K| cÖwZwU c‡Y¨i mv‡_ Avevi GKwU ab¨ev` KvW©I _v‡K| cY¨ †cÖiY
Kivi Av‡M ZvB cY¨ c¨v‡KwRs LyeB ¸iæZ¡cY~ |© wewfbœ ai‡bi c¨v‡KwRs Av‡Q| Z‡e c¨v‡KwRs‡qi
e¨vcv‡i †h welqwU gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e Zv n‡”Q †h Kzwiqvi mvwf©‡mi gva¨‡g cY¨ †Wwjfvwi w`‡jb Zviv
c¨v‡KwRs‡qi AvKvi Ges IR‡bi wfwˇZ UvKv †b‡e| ZvB B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi c‡Y¨i aib Ges †µZv
Abyhvqx Zv‡K c¨v‡KwRs Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` †Kv‡bv B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb fv‡jv gv‡bi eª¨v‡Ûi cY¨ wewµ K‡i
_v‡K Zvn‡j Zv‡K Lye my›`i K‡i fv‡jv gv‡bi c¨vwKs e¨envi K‡i cY¨wU †cÖiY Ki‡Z n‡e|

wkwcs Ackb
wkwcs Ackb Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| GKRb wfwRUi I‡qemvB‡U G‡m cY¨ †`‡L cQ›` Ki‡jb| wKš‘
hLb AW©vi w`‡Z †M‡jb ZLb †`L‡jb †h cY¨ wkwcs‡qi LiP eve` Zvi c‡Y¨i `vg †ewk c‡o hv‡”Q|
ZLb wZwb nq‡Zv †ewk `vg w`‡q cY¨wU wKb‡eb bZzev Avi cY¨B AW©vi Ki‡eb bv| Zvi kwcsKvU©
†mfv‡eB c‡o _vK‡e| c‡Y¨i `vg, c¨vwKs, cY¨ †Wwjfvwi LiP ev` w`‡q cÖwZôvb‡K jvf wnmve Ki‡Z
nq! ZvB c‡Y¨i aib, Uv‡M©‡UW Kv÷gvi ey‡S GKwU I‡qemvBU‡K wkwcs Ackb w`‡Z n‡e|

wd«-wkwcs
†µZv‡K AvK…ó Kivi †¶‡Î wd«-wkwcs LyeB Kvh©Kix| B-Kgvm© mvBU ej‡Z cv‡i †h, 2000 UvKvi cY¨
wKb‡j ev b~¨bZg 1500 UvKvi cY¨ wKb‡j wd«-wkwcs| ev we‡kl w`em ev kwcs †dw÷fv‡ji Av‡qvRb
Ki‡j †mLv‡b wd«-wkwcs Advi †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| A_ev evQvBK…Z GjvKvq ev evQvBK…Z c‡Y¨i †¶‡ÎI wd«-
wkwcs myweav †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| GLb wd«-wkwcs‡qi LiP `yBfv‡e enb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| D³ cÖwZôvb wb‡R
wkwcs‡qi LiP wb‡Z cv‡i A_ev c‡Y¨i g‡a¨ wkwcs‡qi LiP w`‡Z cv‡i| hw` fv‡jv eª¨v‡Ûi ev wWRvB‡bi
cY¨ nq Zvn‡j †m †¶‡Î c‡Y¨i g‡a¨ wkwcs‡qi LiP XzwK‡q †`qv hvq| wKš‘ †h B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb Kg `vwg
cY¨ wewµ K‡i _v‡K ev hviv ga¨weË ev wbgœweË †µZv‡`i wb‡q KvR K‡i _v‡K Zv‡`i‡K wPšÍv-fvebv K‡i
LyeB mycwiKwíZfv‡e wd«-wkwcs Ackb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|

†µZvi KvQ †_‡K wkwcs PvR© Av`vq Kiv

†µZv †h cY¨ wK‡b‡Qb Zvi AvKvi Ges IR‡bi Dc‡i wfwË K‡i mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi wkwcs PvR© Rvwb‡q †`qv
Ges †µZvi KvQ †_‡K Zv Av`vq Kiv| GQvov B-Kgvm© mvB‡U wkwcs PvR© K¨vjKz‡jUi †hvM Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i, hvi gva¨‡g †mB mg‡q wkwcs †iU †R‡b AW©v‡ii Av‡M †µZv wb‡RB Zvi wkwcs PvR© wnmve Ki‡Z
cv‡ib|

GKB PvR© ev d¬¨vU †iU

c¨v‡K‡Ui AvKvi, IRb Ges IB wbw`©ó †i‡Äi g‡a¨ KZ AW©vi Avm‡Q Zv wnmve K‡i Mo wkwcs †iU †ei
K‡i IBme K¨vUvMwii c‡Y¨i Rb¨ d¬¨vU †iU Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

wkwcs †iU wnmve Kiv Ges jvf wnmve Kiv

wb‡gœi welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ †RvMvo K‡i wkwcs †iU wnmve Ki‡Z n‡e|

148-c„ôv
 c¨v‡K‡Ri AvKvi,
c¨v‡K‡Ri IRb,
†Kvb †`k †_‡K cY¨ hv‡”Q,
†Kvb †`‡k cY¨ hv‡”Q,
Uª¨vwKs AvBwW|
G‡KK Kzwiqvi †Wwjfvwi cÖwZôv‡b G‡KK ai‡bi cÖvBwms _v‡K| Zv‡`i cÖvBwms c¨v‡K‡Ri Dc‡i wfwË K‡i
c‡Y¨i wkwcs LiP Kg‡ewk n‡Z cv‡i| GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb hLb c‡Y¨i `vg wVK Ki‡e ZLb wb‡¤œi
GB welq¸‡jvi w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU av‡ci Avjv`v Avjv`v LiP Av‡Q| Zvi Dc‡i wfwË K‡i
me LiP ev` w`‡q cÖwZôvb‡K Aek¨B jv‡fi wnmve Ki‡Z n‡e|

†Wwjfvwi
B-Kgv‡m© cY¨ †Wwjfvwi wewfbœfv‡e Kiv hvq| GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb Kxfv‡e c‡Y¨i †Wwjfvwi Ki‡e Zv
wbf©i K‡i Zv‡`i jwRmwU· g‡W‡ji Dc‡i|

cY¨ †Wwjfvwi cÖwµqv

AbjvB‡b c‡Y¨i µq-Av‡`k evqbvi c‡i B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb we‡µZv ev cY¨ Drcv`K‡`i KvQ †_‡K cY¨
msMÖn K‡i Ges B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi ¸`vgN‡i cvwV‡q _v‡K| G‡K dv÷© gvBj jwRmwU· ejv n‡q _v‡K|
†gvUvgywU wZb ai‡bi cÖwµqv‡Z cY¨ wewj-eÈb Kiv nq| wb‡P G‡`i msw¶ß eY©bv Ges myweav-Amyweav
ms‡¶‡c Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|

Bb‡f›Uwi †jW g‡Wj

GB cÖwµqv‡Z GKwU B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwbi D`vniY n‡”Q Px‡bi wRs Ws gj WUKg| Avwjevevi c‡i GwUB
Px‡bi wØZxq e„nËg B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb| mevi Kv‡Q GwU †RwW WUKg (www.jd.com) bv‡g cwiwPZ| GB
cÖwZôvbwU wb‡R Drcv`K ev we‡µZvi wewfbœ †nvj‡mjvi ev cY¨ Drcv`‡Ki KvQ †_‡K mivmwi cY¨ µq
K‡i _v‡K| Zv‡`i wbR¯^ †÷v‡i Zviv GB cY¨ Rgv K‡i Ges digv‡qk Avmvi c‡i wewj K‡i _v‡K| G
ai‡bi g‡W‡ji me‡P‡q fv‡jv Kv‡Q †_‡K cY¨ µq K‡i wbR¯^ †÷v‡ii gva¨‡g cY¨ wewj-eÈb K‡i _v‡K|

AbjvBb gv‡K©U‡cøm g‡Wj

Px‡b Avwjevev, fvi‡Z wd¬cKvU©, mœ¨vcwWj, Gme cÖwZôvb AbjvBb gv‡K©U‡cøm g‡Wj AbymiY K‡i _v‡K|
gv‡K©U‡cøm g‡W‡ji AvIZvq GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb wb‡R cY¨ µq K‡i ÷K K‡i bv| GLv‡b cÖwZôvbwU
†µZv I we‡µZvi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM mvab K‡i _v‡K Ges AW©vi Avm‡j †KejgvÎ AW©vi dzjwdj K‡i _v‡K
Ges †µZvi Kv‡Q †_‡K †c‡g›U msMÖn K‡i _v‡K|

Bb‡f›Uwi †jW g‡Wj I AbjvBb gv‡K©U‡cøm g‡W‡ji myweavmg~n

G g‡W‡j c‡Y¨i AW©vi Avmvi c‡i `ªæZ †Wwjfvwi cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e| GB g‡W‡j Aí mg‡q wekvj cwigvY
c‡Y¨i ÷K M‡o †Zvjv hvq| fv‡jv gv‡bi cY¨ wKb‡Z cvIqv hvq, KviY evQvB K‡i fv‡jv eª¨vÛ ev bvwg
cÖwZôv‡bi cY¨ wewµ Kiv nq| A‡bK ai‡bi cY¨ GK RvqMvq cvIqv hvq| wewfbœ Drcv`‡Ki GKB cY¨
wKb‡Z cvIqv hvq| ZvB †µZv Zvi myweavg‡Zv cY¨ †e‡Q wb‡Z cv‡ib| †µZvi wek¦¯ÍZv I Av¯’v AR©‡b
m¶g| wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ LyeB fv‡jv|

c„ôv- 149
 Amyweavmg~n
GB g‡W‡j e¨emv evov‡Z mgq jv‡M, KviY A‡bK g~jab jv‡M e¨emv evov‡Z| GB g‡W‡j c‡Y¨i gvb
wbwðZ Kiv LyeB KwVb| Avwjevev‡Z A‡bK fzqv cY¨ Drcv`bKvix Av‡Q hv Avwjevevi Rb¨ wekvj mgm¨v
m„wó K‡i‡Q| GLv‡b wd·W K÷ †ewk| cY¨ wkwcs‡qi LiP †ewk| GLv‡b UvKvi †jb‡`b LyeB wbqwš¿Z|
GLv‡b †µZvi wek¦vm I Av¯’v AR©b LyeB P¨v‡jwÄs|

nvBweªW g‡Wj
G‡K mymw¾Z evRvi g‡WjI ejv nq| GwU g~jZ AbjvBb gv‡K©U‡cøm g‡Wj ev Bb‡f›Uwi †jW g‡W‡ji
mswgkªY| A¨vgvRb WUKg GB g‡Wj AbymiY K‡i _v‡K| fvi‡Z A¨vgvRb WUK‡gi †`Lv‡`wL wd¬cKvU©,
mœ¨vcwWj, kcK¬yRmn Ab¨ivI GB g‡Wj GLb AbymiY K‡i _v‡K| †hme we‡µZv Gme gv‡K©U‡cø‡m Zv‡`i
cY¨ wewµ K‡i _v‡Kb Zviv PvB‡j wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i c‡Y¨i Bb‡f›Uwi, AW©vi e¨e¯’vcbv Ges cQ‡›`i
Kzwiqvi mvwf©m e¨envi K‡i †Wwjfvwi w`‡Z cv‡ib| Avevi A¨vgvRb, mœ¨vcwWj, wd¬cKvU©, kcK¬y‡Ri g‡Zv
cÖwZôvb¸‡jv we‡kl ai‡bi †mev w`‡q _v‡K †mjvi‡`i| hvi AvIZvq Zviv †mjvi‡`i cY¨ ÷K Kiv,
AW©vi cÖ‡mm Ges AW©vi †Wwjfvwi ch©šÍ K‡i †`q| wewbg‡q Zviv †mjvi‡`i Kv‡Q †_‡K wd wb‡q _v‡K|
G ai‡bi K‡qKwU †mev n‡”Q Fulfilment by Amazon (FBA), Snapdeal Plus (SD+), Flipkart
Advantage, Fulfilment by Shopclues|

cY¨ cÖ‡mwms ev mwU©s

dzjwdj‡g›U †m›Uvi ev ¸`vgN‡i Avmvi c‡i cY¨¸‡jv‡K Zv‡`i MšÍe¨mn wewfbœ K¨vUvMwi‡Z mvRvb nq|

jvBb nj
cY¨ †Wwjfvwii GB As‡k ¸`vgNi ev dzjwdj‡g›U †m›Uvi †_‡K Mvwo, †Uªb, RvnvR ev †cø‡bi gva¨‡g
†µZv †hLv‡b _v‡Kb †mB RvqMvq cY¨ wb‡q hvIqv nq| Mvwo ev †Uª‡bi Zzjbvq †cø‡b cY¨ †cÖiY Ki‡j
A‡bK `ªæZ †cuŠQvq wKš‘ †cø‡b cY¨ †cÖiY A‡bK e¨qeûj|

jv÷ gvBj jwRmwUKm

†Wwjfvwii GB As‡k cY¨ †Wwjfvwi †m›Uv‡i †cuŠQvq Ges †mLvb †_‡K me‡k‡l †µZvi nv‡Z cY¨ †cuŠ‡Q
†`qv nq| †Wwjfvwii GB AskUvB me‡P‡q KwVb, KviY A‡bK mg‡q †`Lv hvq †µZv cÖZ¨šÍ MÖv‡g ev `yM©g
GjvKvq _v‡Kb †hLv‡b †cuŠQv‡bvi g‡Zv fv‡jv hvbevnb †bB|

evsjv‡`‡k B-Kgvm© cY¨ †Wwjfvwi

†nvg †Wwjfvwi
GB g‡W‡j B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi wb‡R‡`i wb‡qvMK…Z Kg©x Kv÷gv‡ii evwo wM‡q cY¨ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q Av‡mb
Ges †µZvi KvQ †_‡K A_© †bb| Z‡e †KejgvÎ wefvMxq kni¸‡jv‡ZB AvcvZZ †nvg †Wwjfvwii Pj
†ewk|

K¨vk Ab †Wwjfvwi
GB mvwf©mUv evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKwU Kzwiqvi mvwf©m w`‡q _v‡K| Gm Avjg, dvBf÷vi, my›`ieb Kzwiqvi
mvwf©‡mi g‡Zv wewfbœ mvwf©m †fv³v‡K †cuŠ‡Q †`‡e Ges †mB Kzwiqvi mvwf©m c‡Y¨i wjwLZ `vg msMÖn K‡i
G‡b †`‡e|

150-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-36

kZ©vewj I †MvcbxqZvi bxwZ

cÖ‡Z¨K AbjvBb e¨emvi Rb¨ Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛkb AZ¨vekK| Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛkb we‡µZv Ges †µZv‡`i
gv‡S GK ai‡bi AvBbMZ Pzw³ MVb K‡i| GKB mv‡_ we‡µZv‡K AvBbMZfv‡e i¶v K‡i| †Kv‡bv GKwU
µq cÖwµqv m¤úbœ nIqvi mgq †µZv Ges we‡µZv †hme wbqg †g‡b Pj‡eb †m¸‡jv wVK K‡i †`qv _v‡K
Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛk‡b| Gi evB‡i †Kv‡bv †jb‡`b ev NUbvi Rb¨ we‡µZv `vqx _vK‡eb bv| ZvQvov †Kv‡bv
gZwe‡iva ˆZwi n‡j Zv Kxfv‡e gxgvsmv n‡e †m m¤ú‡K©I ejv _v‡K Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛk‡b|

Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛkb MVbiƒc

me ai‡bi e¨emvi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ Ggb †ek wKQy w`K Av‡Q †h¸‡jv‡K Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛk‡bi Av`k© ejv
hvq| GKRb †µZv Kx µq Ki‡Qb, KLb Ges Kxfv‡e †mUv †Wwjfvwi Kiv n‡e ev mieivn Kiv n‡e, G
welq¸‡jv cwi®‹vi D‡jøL _v‡K Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛk‡b|
AwaKš‘ GUv gvwjKvbv wba©vi‡Yi gva¨‡g eyw×e„wËK m¤úwËi †md MvW© ev i¶vKeP wn‡m‡eI KvR K‡i|
D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvqÑ weµxZ cY¨ †diZ ev cwieZ©b K‡i Ab¨ cY¨ wb‡Z n‡j Aek¨B c~‡e©i cY¨ A¶Z
Ae¯’vq †diZ w`‡Z n‡e wK-bv ev we‡µZv AwZwi³ Iqv‡iw›U †`‡eb wK-bv BZ¨vw` Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛk‡b
_vKv wbqgvbyhvqxB nq|
g~jZ Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛkb GKwU B-Kgvm© weR‡b‡mi Aek¨B cvjbxq wbqg-Kvbybmg~n wVK K‡i †`q| Uvg©m
A¨vÛ KwÛkb †hme †¶‡Î f‚wgKv iv‡LÑ

c„ôv- 151
 wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z,
e¨emvq‡K i¶v Ki‡Z,
AvBbMZ AwaKvi eRvq ivL‡Z,
I‡qemvB‡U †idvi Ki‡Z,
eva¨evaKZv wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z,
Uvg©‡mi mv‡_ bv †gjvi Kvi‡Y A¨vKvD›U evwZj Ki‡Z,
eyw×e„wËK m¤úwË i¶v Ki‡Z Ges †m¸‡jv Kxfv‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡e Zv wVK Ki‡Z,
†Kv‡bv weZ‡K©i gxgvsmv Ki‡Z|

Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛkb ˆZwi

wKQy AbjvBb †Rbv‡iUi Av‡Q †h¸‡jv mvaviY Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛkb mieivn K‡i| †mme †Rbv‡iUi e¨envi
K‡i A‡b‡KB Zv‡`i I‡qemvB‡Ui Rb¨ Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛkb evwb‡q wb‡q e¨envi K‡ib| wKš‘ GiKg A‡Uv
†Rbv‡i‡UW Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛkb e¨env‡ii d‡j AvBwbfv‡e e¨emvi †Kv‡bv wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv _v‡K bv| GKwU
fv‡jv wjM¨vj dv‡g©i Kv‡Q wM‡q GB Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛk‡bi welq wK¬qvi K‡i Avmv DwPZ| Gme †¶‡Î
wjM¨vj dvg© Avcbv‡K wKQy cÖkœ Ki‡e| cÖ‡kœi DËi †_‡KB Zviv e¨emv m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi aviYv wb‡q †b‡e
Ges GKB mv‡_ ey‡S †b‡e BÛvw÷ªi aib †Kgb, Zviv cieZ©x‡Z weR‡b‡m Kx Kx Advi Ki‡Z cvi‡e
BZ¨vw`| Gfv‡e Zviv cÖwZwU e¨emvi wbR wbR cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx mwVK Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛkbwU wj‡L †`‡e|
Uvg©m A¨vÛ KwÛkb GKwU AvBbMZ `wjj| GwU hw` mwVK I cwi®‹vifv‡e †jLv nq Z‡e GKw`‡K †hgb
weZK© eÜ Kiv hv‡e, Ab¨w`‡K A_© AcPq †iva n‡e|

KwÛkb †Wwjfvwi
GUv K¨vk Ab †Wwjfvwii g‡ZvB Z‡e GLv‡b AW©vi cÖ`vbKvix †µZvi evmvq †nvg †Wwjfvwi nq bv|
†Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv eo eo cv‡m©j †Wwjfvwii Rb¨ GB mvwf©m wb‡q _v‡K| †Rjvkn‡ii evB‡i GB †mev †bB
ej‡jB P‡j| G‡¶‡Î Kv÷gvi‡K cv‡m©j †Kv¤úvwbi ¯’vbxq Awd‡m wM‡q g~j¨ cwi‡kva K‡i gvj MÖnY
Ki‡Z nq|

B-Kgvm© I‡qemvB‡Ui kZ©vewj‡Z †hme mvaviY welq Avm‡Z cv‡i

mvaviY kZ©vewj
jvB‡mÝ Ges mvB‡Ui e¨envi
¯^Z¡vwaKvi ev KwcivBU
†UªWgvK© ev RjQvc
A¨vKvD›U Ges wbe܇bi eva¨ eva¨evaKZv
wbivcËv Ges Qwe
e¨w³MZ Z‡_¨i Ab¨vb¨ e¨envi
†MvcbxqZv
gvwjKvbv Ges AwaKvi cÖ`vb
weev` gxgvsmv
KzwKR
wiwfD Ges K‡g›U

152-c„ôv
 e¨enviKvix‡`i B-†gBj wVKvbv
mvB‡Ui cÖvc¨Zv
Z…Zxq c‡¶i I‡qemvB‡Ui wjsK
cwi‡kvwaZ welqe¯‘
†g¤^viwkc ev m`m¨c` cvIqvi †hvM¨Zv
evB bvI
`vwe Z¨vM
Iqv‡iw›U ev M¨vivw›U
wjM¨vj wWm‡K¬Bgvi ev AvBbMZ `vwe
¶wZc~iY cwiPvjbvKvix/wbqš¿YKvix AvBb
wieZ©b
cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
¯ú¨vg, ¯úvBIq¨vi A_ev cÖZviYv
A¨vKvD›U myi¶v
†µZv‡`i AwaKvi
e¨enviKvix‡`i mvewgkb
cwiZ¨vM
c‡Y¨i weeiY

†MvcbxqZv bxwZ
†Kv‡bv dvg© ev I‡qemvB‡Ui †h wee„wZwU GKRb wfwRU‡ii Z_¨ msMÖn Ges weZiY m¤ú‡K© ejv _v‡K
†mUvB cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm/†MvcbxqZv bxwZ| GwU mvaviYZ wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv ai‡bi Z_¨ msM„nxZ n‡e Zv †NvlYv
K‡i| msM„nxZ Z_¨¸‡jv wK mevi mv‡_ †kqvi Kiv n‡e, bvwK †Mvcbxq ivLv n‡e, bvwK wewµ Kiv n‡e
Ab¨ dv‡g©i Kv‡Q, M‡elK‡`i Kv‡Q ev Ab¨ we‡µZv‡`i Kv‡Q Zv mywbw`©ó K‡i| AbjvBb wfwRUi Ges
†µZv‡`i Rb¨ AbjvBb cÖvB‡fwm AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq GKwU welq| we‡k¦ wbivcËv e~¨n f‡½i ev n¨vwKs‡qi
Lei †hgb †kvbv hvq, †Zgwb eo eo †Kv¤úvwb KZ…©K WvUvi Ace¨env‡ii Lei cÖvqkB Le‡ii wk‡ivbvg
n‡”Q| GLb †µZviv ax‡i ax‡i Zv‡`i †MvcbxqZv bxwZ wb‡q m‡PZb n‡”Q| B-Kgv‡m© †MvcbxqZv bxwZ
_vK‡j †µZv‡`i Av¯’v AR©b Kiv mnR nq| mvBU wfwRUi‡`i Kv‡Q cÖwZw`‡bi WvUv msi¶Y, e¨e¯’vcbv
Ges e¨env‡ii †h PP©v n‡”Q ZvB B-Kgv‡m©i †MvcbxqZv bxwZ| B-Kgvm© e¨emv‡qi †MvcbxqZv bxwZi †¶‡Î
we‡µZv hv K‡ib, Zvi †P‡q †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y© hv e‡jb| ejv welq¸‡jv ¯^”QZv I mZK©Zvi Rb¨ wfwRUi‡`i
Rb¨ Riæwi| mgwš^Z cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm ej‡Z †evSvq, †m cwjwm‡K wVK Ki‡Z Ges †m¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e
†g‡b Pjv n‡”Q wK-bv Zv †`Lvi Rb¨ miKvwi G‡RwÝ Ges †µZv ¯^v_© myi¶vi Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi
`iKvi c‡o| B-Kgv‡m©i Rb¨ cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm evbv‡bv †ek RwUj| KviY B-Kgv‡m©i e¨vwß †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó
¯’vb ev †`k Ry‡o bq, mviv wek¦ Ry‡o| †`k‡f‡` AvBb-Kvbyb wfbœZi n‡q _v‡K| GgbwK gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi
†÷U¸‡jvi g‡a¨B Av‡Q wfbœ wfbœ wbqgbxwZ| d‡j mevi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e, Ggb cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm evbv‡bv
†ek SzuwKi KvR| AvR‡Ki GB Z‡_¨i hy‡M WvUv‡K ejv n‡q _v‡K bZzb ai‡bi A_© ev UvKv| weÁvcb`vZv,
e¨emvqx, Ges miKv‡ii Rb¨ e¨w³MZ Z_¨ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

c„ôv- 153
 †MvcbxqZv bxwZi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
GLb c„w_exi A‡bK †`‡kB cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm‡K MY¨ Kiv nq gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi wn‡m‡e| †mme
†`‡k e¨w³MZ Z‡_¨i Ace¨envi iæL‡Z AvBb cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm Abymv‡i I‡qemvB‡Ui
gva¨‡g Kxfv‡e e¨w³MZ Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡e Ges †K‡bv Zviv GUv Ki‡e G wel‡q cwi®‹vi K‡i me wKQy
ejv _vK‡e| A‡bK †`‡ki cÖvB‡fwm AvBb Abymv‡i hw` e¨w³MZ Z_¨ e¨w³i ARv‡šÍ msMÖn Kiv nq ev
wb‡Ri cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm bv †g‡b Pjv nq Z‡e Rwigvbv GgbwK †RjI n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ms‡¶‡c †`‡L †bqv
hvK †K‡bv cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm _vKvUv Lye `iKvi|

AvBbMZ KviY
Ggb A‡bK †`k Av‡Q hv‡`i AvB‡bi AvIZvi g‡a¨ e¨emv Ki‡Z n‡j ev Zv‡`i bvMwiK‡`i KvQ †_‡K
Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡j AvBb Abyhvqx cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm _vK‡ZB n‡e|

Z…Zxq c‡¶i †mevi Kvi‡Y

Ggb A‡bK †mev Av‡Q †h¸‡jv we‡µZvi mvB‡Ui gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i| †hgbÑ ¸Mj A¨vW‡mÝ Ges
A¨vgvRb Gwdwj‡qU BZ¨vw`| Gme †mev cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ we‡µZvi cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| ¯^”QZv
I Revew`wni Rb¨ †µZv‡`i wek¦vm Ges Av¯’v AR©‡bi Rb¨ †µZv‡`i †Kvb †Kvb Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡eb Ges
fwel¨‡Z †m¸‡jv Kxfv‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡e Zv †µZv‡K Rvwb‡q ivLvi Rb¨ cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm _vK‡ZB n‡e|
†Mvc‡b e¨w³MZ Z_¨ msMÖn Ges Zv‡`i e¨envi †ewkifvM †`‡kB AvBbewnf‚©Z KvR e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq|

hv _vKv DwPZ
†MvcbxqZv bxwZ ˆZwi Ges †mLv‡b wVK Kx Kx Z_¨ †`qv n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i we`¨gvb AvBb A_ev bxwZgvjvi
Dci| mvaviYfv‡e AwaKvsk †MvcbxqZv bxwZ AvBb Abyhvqx †mme welq e¨enviKvix‡K Rvbv‡bv DwPZÑ
cÖwZôvb cÖav‡bi bvg|
e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi bvg|
wVKvbv|
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ †µZv ev wfwRUi‡`i KvQ †_‡K Kx ai‡bi Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡e| †hgbÑ bvg, B-†gBj
wVKvbv, AvBwc wVKvbv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨| Kxfv‡e Zv‡`i Z_¨¸‡jv msMÖn Kiv n‡e? †mme Z_¨ w`‡q Kx
Kiv n‡e ev Kxfv‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡e? Kxfv‡e msMÖn Kiv Z_¨¸‡jv‡K wbivc` ivLv n‡e ? Gme Z_¨ w`‡Z
ev †kqvi Ki‡Z Zviv eva¨ _vK‡e bvwK B‡”Q n‡j †`‡e bv n‡j bq| Gi cieZ©x djvdj Kx n‡e? (Z_¨
msMÖn, cÖ‡mm ev msi¶Y K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv _vW© cvwU©i †mev e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q wK-bv?) cÖvB‡fwm
cwjwm we`¨gvb me AvB‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© nIqvi Rb¨ me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq †Kv‡bv AvBbRxexi mvnvh¨
wb‡q cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm evbv‡bv| wKš‘ GKRb bZzb B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³vi Rb¨ GUv †ek e¨qeûj| ZvB Dc‡ii
ey‡jU c‡q›U a‡i a‡i wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i mnR fvlvq cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm wb‡RB wj‡L †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e
mgm¨v n‡jv †m‡¶‡Î †m cwjwm †`‡ki me we`¨gvb AvBb †g‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q GUv ejv hv‡e bv| wb‡P wKQy
AbjvBb Uz‡ji bvg †`qv n‡jv †h¸‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ mvaviY GKwU cÖvB‡fwm cwjwm `uvo Kiv‡bv hv‡e|

154-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-37

wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U
GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
m„Rbkxj Kb‡U›U m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|
m„Rbkxj Kb‡U›U ˆZwii Dcvq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
e¨emv evwY‡R¨ m„Rbkxj Kb‡U‡›Ui ¸iæZ¡ wb‡q wek` Av‡jvPbv|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K wkÿYxq

m„Rbkxj Kb‡U›U Kx?
m„Rbkxj Kb‡U‡›Ui cÖKvi‡f`|
m„Rbkxj Kb‡U›U ˆZwii Dcvq¸‡jv Kx Kx?
e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ m„Rbkxj Kb‡U‡›Ui ¸iæZ¡ KZUzKz?

wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U ev m„Rbkxj welqe¯‘

wµ‡qwUf k‡ãi A_© m„RbkxjZv Avi Kb‡U›U k‡ãi gv‡b welqe¯‘| Zvn‡j mij A_© m„Rbkxj welqe¯‘|
GB welqe¯‘ n‡jv †U·U ev †jLv, wfwWI, AwWI, wWRvBb, d‡Uv ev Av‡jvKwPÎ I A¨vwb‡gkb BZ¨vw`|

c„ôv- 155
 m„Rbkxj welqe¯‘i cÖKvi‡f`
Avgiv †R‡bwQ †h Kb‡U‡›Ui `y‡Uv iƒc _v‡K| GKwU n‡”Q Zvi g~jiƒc ev g~jwjwc, Ab¨wU n‡jv Abyiƒc
ev Abywjwc| Abywjwc hw` g~jwjwc †_‡K ˆZwi nq Zvn‡j g~jwjwc Kxfv‡e ˆZwi nq? Avm‡j g~jwjwcUvB
n‡jv m„Rbkxj welqe¯‘ ev wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U| KL‡bv cÖ‡qvRb, KL‡bv digv‡qk, KL‡bv †¯^”Qvq m„Rbkxj
gvbyl †h Kb‡U›U ev welqe¯‘ m„wó K‡i †m¸‡jvB wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U| wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U ev welqe¯‘ Ab¨
†Kv‡bv Kb‡U‡›Ui mv‡_ ûeû wg‡j hvq bv| Gi g‡a¨ nq‡Zv †Kv‡bv bZzb evZ©v ev fvebv _v‡K A_ev †Kv‡bv
cyi‡bv fve ev fvebvi bZzb iƒ‡c Dc¯’vcbv _v‡K| †mLv‡b Ggb wKQy _v‡K hv bZzb K‡i fvev n‡q‡Q Ges
†m Abyhvqx ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| welqe¯‘‡K bZzb K‡i fvebvi gva¨‡g bZzb m„wó wn‡m‡e cÖKvk KivB n‡jv
m„Rbkxj welqe¯‘ ev wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U|

m„Rbkxj welqe¯‘i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I ¸iæZ¡

eZ©gvb hy‡M Kb‡U›U Qvov AvaywbK Rxeb I mf¨Zv †Kv‡bvUvB Kíbv Kiv hvq bv| Avi e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i
†¶‡Î †Zv Kb‡U›U e¨ZxZ GK`g Pj‡eB bv| †hLv‡b Kb‡U‡›Ui cÖ‡qvRb cÖkœvZxZ! †mLv‡b wµ‡qwUf
Kb‡U›U ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡e GUvB †Zv ¯^vfvweK| †h‡nZz e¨emv-evwYR¨ n‡jv wbqZ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Ges
cwieZ©bkxj KvR, ZvB GLv‡b wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ `iKvi GK`g bZzb Ges BDwbK †Kv‡bv Dc¯’vcbvi|
Avgiv †h‡nZz Avgv‡`i fve, fvlv I evZ©v Kb‡U‡›Ui gva¨‡g cÖKvk ev Dc¯’vcb Kwi! ZvB hLb Avgiv
e¨emvq ev †ckvq Ab¨iKg wKQy Ki‡Z ev †`Lv‡Z PvBe ZLb Zv Abywjwc ev Kwc‡c÷ Kiv Kb‡U›U w`‡q
m¤¢e bq| wVK ZLbB bZzb fvebvi Av‡jv‡K wfbœgvÎvq Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖkœ Avm‡e| Avi Avm‡e wµ‡qwUf
Kb‡U›U ˆZwii cÖkœ| e¨emvq weÁvcb, cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ Avgv‡`i‡K wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U‡›Ui Øvi¯’ n‡ZB
n‡e| Gi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| nq‡Zv wb‡Riv wb‡Riv wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e, bq‡Zv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
cÖ‡dkbvj‡`i mvnvh¨ wb‡Z n‡e|

m„Rbkxj Kb‡U‡›Ui e¨envi

wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U bvbv Kv‡R wewfbœfv‡e e¨envi n‡Z cv‡i| Gi e¨envi eûgyLx! Avgv‡`i cÖvq me KvRKg©B
†Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv ai‡bi wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U‡›Ui Dci wbf©ikxj| wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U g~jZ e¨eüZ nqÑ
fve I fvebv cÖKv‡ki gva¨g wn‡m‡e|
`wjj I Z_¨ msi¶‡Yi Dcvq wn‡m‡e|
Avb›` I we‡bv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRb wn‡m‡e|
wkí, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZi evnb wn‡m‡e|
wk¶v, e¨emvq †ckv I Kv‡Ri DcKiY wn‡m‡e|
Z_¨ I cÖhyw³i DrKl© wn‡m‡e e¨envi|

e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ m„Rbkxj welqe¯‘ ev wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U‡›Ui e¨envi

GKUv mnR D`vniY Avgv‡`i‡K welqwU eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Zv n‡jv gy`ªv ev A_© ev UvKv| GB UvKv
Avgiv †h‡Kv‡bv Kv‡R e¨envi Kwi| GB gy`ªv‡Z hw` m„Rbkxj †Kv‡bv Qwe, bKkv ev wKQyB bv _vKZ! GUv
hw` †Kej GKwU mv`v ev iwOb KvM‡Ri Dci UvKvi AsKUv ewm‡q w`‡q G‡K gy`ªv e‡j evRv‡i Qvov n‡Zv!
Zvn‡j Kx n‡Zv? cÖ_gZ GLv‡b †Kv‡bv fve _vKZ bv, Z_¨ I BwZnvm _vKZ bv| d‡j GUv Avmj Kv‡R

156-c„ôv
e¨envi Kiv †hZ bv| GUv †h‡KD bKj Ki‡Z cviZ| Avi me‡P‡q eo K_v GUv ˆkwíK ev m„Rbkxj bv
n‡j wewbgq‡hvM¨ wKsev g~j¨gvbm¤úbœ g‡b n‡Zv bv| Ges †kl ch©šÍ GUv‡K gy`ªv wn‡m‡e cÖPjb KivI
nq‡Zv Am¤¢e n‡q coZ| Gi †_‡K Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi †h, m„Rbkxj welqe¯‘ ev wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U KZUv
¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i|
eZ©gvb hy‡M m„Rbkxj welqe¯‘ ev wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U Qvov e¨emv-evwYR¨ Kíbv KivI `yiƒn| e¨emvi Kv‡R
wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U hZ †ewk DbœZ I gvbm¤úbœ n‡e KvR¸‡jvI ZZ †ewk fv‡jv, DbœZ I cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
evRv‡ii Rb¨ gvbm¤úbœ n‡q DV‡e| m„Rbkxj Kb‡U›U‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q AvaywbK hy‡M cY¨ ev †mevi Z_¨
gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi Rb¨ weÁvc‡bi Dci wbf©ikxjZv evo‡Q| d‡j †ewk †ewk weÁvcb Kb‡U‡›Ui
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| GLb me weÁvc‡bi Rb¨ GKB fvlv, GKB kã, GKB Qwe ev GKB wfwWI
e¨envi n‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY cÖwZwU e¨emvi cY¨ Avjv`v, e¨emvi bvg-wVKvbv Avjv`v, e³e¨ I †µZv
Avjv`v, mgq I wPšÍvI Avjv`v| ZvB †mm‡ei Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v weÁvcb ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| Avi weÁvcb
gv‡bB AvR cÖZ¨vkv Kiv nq Abb¨ †Kv‡bv †jLv, wPÎ A_ev wfwWI| GB Abb¨ wKQy ˆZwi Ki‡Z wM‡qB m„wó
nq m„Rbkxj Kb‡U›U Avi †m¸‡jv Kv‡R jvwM‡q P‡j e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ †µZvi gb Rq Kivi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv|
Avgiv cÖvq mgq †`wL cwÎKv, †iwWI I wUwf‡Z GKwU weÁvcb hw` fv‡jv m„Rbkxj nq Zvn‡j †mUv
`k©KwcÖq nq| `k©KwcÖq nIqv gv‡b cÖPzi gvbyl weÁvcbwU †`‡L| Avi hZ †ewk gvbyl weÁvcbwU †`‡L, ZZ
cÖPvwiZ cY¨/†mev I †Kv¤úvwbi bvg gvby‡li g‡a¨ Qwo‡q c‡o| G‡Z K‡i ¯^í I `xN©‡gqv‡` e¨emvi cÖmvi
nq| †ePv‡Kbv e„w× cvq Ges †Kv¤úvwb AwZ Kg mg‡q †ewk gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi A_© m„Rbkxj
Kb‡U›U †KejB e¨emvi †mŠ›`h©B evovq bv| GwU e¨emvi jv‡fi mv‡_ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ|

wewfbœ ai‡bi wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U

wm‡bgv, bvUK, Mí, Dcb¨vm, wPÎ G¸‡jv n‡jv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© m„Rbkxj KvR| MZvbyMwZK I GKB
KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ Kiv nq Ggb KvR¸‡jv‡K m„Rbkxj KvR wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv| wKš‘ AvRKvj cÖwZwU
Kv‡R bZzb gvÎv †hvM n‡q‡Q| evwYwR¨K weÁvc‡bI GLb G‡m‡Q bZzbZ¡| ZvB AvR weÁvcbI wµ‡qwUf
Kb‡U‡›Ui Avavi|

cY¨ weeiYx
cY¨ weeiYx n‡jv c‡Y¨i ¸Yv¸Y I ˆewk‡ó¨i weeiY| cY¨ weeiYx †_‡K †fv³viv c‡Y¨i cÖv_wgK Z_¨¸‡jv
†c‡q _v‡Kb| c‡Y¨i Mv‡q A_ev †Kv‡bv mshy³ weeiYx‡Z †h Z_¨ _v‡K ZvB cY¨ weeiYx| GUv MZvbyMwZK
welq n‡jI AvRKvj A‡b‡KB m„Rbkxj Ges bZzb bZzb Dcv‡q cY¨ weeiYx cÖKvk K‡i _v‡Kb|

cY¨ Av‡jvPbv
cY¨ Av‡jvPbv n‡jv cY¨ m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv-g›` we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv| wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKv I g¨vMvwR‡b Avgiv
bZzb Qwe ev eB †ei n‡j Zvi wiwfD †`wL| cY¨ m¤ú‡K©I Ggb Av‡jvPbv n‡q _v‡K| GUv KL‡bv cwÎKvq
†jLv nq| KL‡bv cY¨ e¨envi Kivi ci †fv³viv wb‡RivB †j‡Lb| Avevi KL‡bv Drcv`K wb‡RB wj‡L
†fv³v‡K Rvwb‡q †`b| GUv GKUv cÖPvi †KŠkjI e‡U|

msev` weÁwß
KL‡bv e¨emvwqK ev Ae¨emvwqK cÖwZôvb †_‡K Ggb †Kv‡bv cY¨/†mev ev cÖKí A_ev †NvlYv Av‡m, hv

c„ôv- 157
 RbM‡Yi Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi A_ev mvaviY gvby‡li GB wel‡q e¨vcK AvMÖn i‡q‡Q| ZLb Zv gvbyl‡K Rvbv‡bvi
Rb¨ msev`gva¨‡g †cÖm wiwjR ev msev` weÁwß cvVv‡bv nq|

eøM
AvR‡Ki `ywbqvq eøM Lye RbwcÖq I Kvh©Ki GKwU wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U›U| eø‡Mi gva¨‡g Lye `ªæZ Kv÷gv‡ii
Kv‡Q cY¨welqK Z_¨ wb‡q †cuŠQv‡bv hvq| A‡bK mgq †µZviv †Kbvi Av‡M wewfbœ eøM‡cv÷ c‡oB †Kv‡bv
GKwU cY¨ wKb‡Z AvMÖnx n‡q I‡Vb|

M‡íi Q‡j Q‡j cY¨ wewµ

M‡íi Q‡j Q‡j c‡Y¨i ¸Yv¸Y †`qvi GB AvBwWqvwU bZzb| AvRKvj eû cÖwZôvb wj‡L ev kU©wdj¥ evwb‡q
wewfbœ M‡íi gva¨‡g cY¨‡K †dvKvm ivLvi †Póv Ki‡Q| cÖPv‡ii GB bZzb gva¨g jy‡d wb‡q‡Q `k©K‡kÖwY|

wPÎ
MÖvwd· gv‡b bKkv Kiv‡K †evSvq| Avgiv ewj wWRvBb| GUv KvM‡RI n‡Z cv‡i, KgwcDUv‡iI n‡Z
cv‡i| wWRvB‡bi gva¨‡g †U·U ev Qwei wgkÖY NwU‡q GKRb wWRvBbvi ev wPÎKi GKwU †g‡mRmn Qwe
ˆZwi K‡ib| weÁvc‡bi Rb¨ me mg‡qi RbwcÖq Dcvq¸‡jvi GKwU n‡jv MÖvwd· wWRvBb| wWwRUvj hy‡MI
mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvMmn †h‡Kv‡bv gva¨‡g GL‡bv G ai‡bi cÖPviYv †ek RbwcÖq|

Av‡jvKwPÎ
Av‡jvKwPÎ ev d‡UvMÖvwd eZ©gvb mg‡qi GKwU RbwcÖq Kb‡U›U| GUv ïay †h Kgvwk©qvj Kb‡U›U wn‡m‡e
RbwcÖq Zv bq| e¨w³MZ Ges mvgvwRK Kb‡U›U wn‡m‡eI Qwei e¨envi mevi Dc‡i| GK mgq GUv‡K
wbQK wK¬KevwR e‡j g‡b n‡jI Qwe †Zvjv GKwU wkí Ges whwb Qwe †Zv‡jb wZwb GKRb Av‡jvKwPÎ
wkíx| Qwe †Zvjvi gv‡S cÖhyw³Áv‡bi cvkvcvwk wkímËv Ges m„RbkxjZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq|

A¨vwb‡gkb
A¨vwb‡gkb n‡jv †mB Kb‡U›U hv wbQK Kíbv †_‡K ˆZwi nq| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i †Pv‡L Zv GKUv ev¯Íe cÖwZK…
wZi n‡q aiv †`q| ˆZwiK…Z welqe¯‘‡K A‡bK mgq MwZ Ges AvKvi-AvK…wZ cwieZ©bkxj ¸Y w`‡q Pjgvb
wPÎ ev wfwWI ˆZwi Kiv nq| A¨vwb‡gkb w¯’iwP‡ÎiI n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e A¨vwb‡gkb †evSvi Rb¨ mnR welq
n‡jv wfwWI †Mg| wfwWI †M‡gi g‡a¨ †h KwíZ RMZ, KwíZ PwiÎ I Zv‡`i KwíZ Kg©KvÐ †`Lv‡bv nq
ZvB A¨vwb‡gkb| eZ©gv‡b A¨vwb‡g‡UW wm‡bgv I weÁvcb ˆZwi n‡q _v‡K| GKwU A¨vwb‡gkb me w`K
†_‡K GKwU m„Rbkxj KvR|

Bb‡dvMÖvwd· ev Z_¨wPÎ
GUv cÖvgvY¨wPÎ bq mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© Z_¨wPÎ| Z_¨+wPÎ| Z_¨wP‡Îi mgš^‡q Bb‡dvMÖvwd· ˆZwi Kiv nq|
AvRKvj Z_¨wfwËK weÁvcbwPÎ wbg©v‡Y Bb‡dvMÖvwd· †ek RbwcÖq| GLv‡b GKRb ev GK`j m„Rbkxj
gvby‡li cy‡ivcywi m„RbkxjZv cÖ‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| Bb‡dvMÖvwd· ej‡Z wfwWI †evSv‡jI MÖvwd·
B‡g‡RI Bb‡dvMÖvwd· ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i|

158-c„ôv
wgg
mvaviYZ GKwU B‡g‡Ri mv‡_ †Kv‡bv nvwmi K_v wj‡L †mUv‡K wfbœ GKwU gvÎv †hvM K‡i w`‡j ZvB n‡jv
wgg| wKš‘ wgg wfwWI n‡Z cv‡i| wg‡gi cÖavb ˆewkó¨ n‡jv Gi †_‡K gvbyl Avb›`-we‡bv`‡bi †LvivK
cvb| mvaviYZ Qwe Kwc K‡i †mLv‡b K_v wj‡L w`‡q †ewkifvM gvbyl wgg ˆZwi K‡i| Z‡e wg‡gi
†fZ‡iI m„RbkxjZv i‡q‡Q| †KD PvB‡j wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i Zvi cÖwZfv GLv‡b cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
GgbwK †Kv‡bv †g‡mR ev A¨vW ˆZwi‡ZI AvRKvj wgg e¨envi Kiv nq|

wfwWI wPÎ
B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqvi Kvi‡Y wfwWI ev Pjgvb Qwe †ek RbwcÖq| Avgiv wUwf‡Z ev B›Uvi‡b‡U wfwWI
A¨vW †`‡L _vwK| GKwU wfwWI A¨vW KZUv my›`i †mUv wbf©i K‡i Zvi m„RbkxjZvi Dci| GUv GZUvB
m„Rbkxj n‡Z cv‡i †h 30 †m‡K‡Ûi GKwU wfwWI‡Z GKwU Mí Zz‡j aiv hvq †hb †mwU GKwU kU©wdj¥
ev ÿz`ª wm‡bgv|

AwWI
AwWI Kb‡U‡›Ui gva¨‡g me evZ©v I weÁvcb †ck Kiv hvq| wUwfi cÖPjb nIqvi Av‡M gvbyl †iwWI
ïb‡Zb| wfwWI ev wmwW Avmvi Av‡M †Uc ev K‡ji Mvb ïb‡Zb| GL‡bv †iwWI‡Z bvbv Abyôvb I weÁvcb
cÖPvi K‡i _v‡K G¸‡jv‡Z m„RbkxjZvi †Quvqv _v‡K| G¸‡jv n‡Z cv‡i Mvb, evRbv, K_v I Z_¨ BZ¨vw`|
e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ I c‡Y¨i evRv‡i hZ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv e„w× cv‡”Q ZZB wµ‡qwUf Kb‡U‡›Ui cÖ‡qvRb I cÖ‡qvM
†e‡o hv‡”Q| KviY gvbyl me mgq GKB wRwbm cQ›` K‡ib bv| bZzb‡Z¡i cÖwZ gvby‡li AvKl©Y cÖwZwbqZ|
Avi ZvB e¨emvi †¶‡Î m„Rbkxj welqe¯‘i Pvwn`v †e‡oB hv‡”Q|

c„ôv- 159
 Aa¨vq-38

†cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwd
GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgvm© †cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwd Kx Ges Gi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|
†cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwdi wewfbœ †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Ávbjvf|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K wkL‡eb

†cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwdi ¸iæZ¡|
†cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwdi †KŠkj¸‡jv Kx Kx?

†cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwd Ges Gi ¸iæZ¡

GKwU Qwe nvRvi k‡ãi †_‡KI g~j¨evb| wKš‘ KL‡bv KL‡bv nvRvi Wjvi DcvR©‡bi †¶‡ÎI GUv AviI
†ewk g~j¨evb f‚wgKv iv‡L| eZ©gv‡b me‡P‡q mdj B-Kgvm© P¨v‡bj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq Zviv m‡e©v”P
†KvqvwjwU Ges BDwbK Qwe e¨envi K‡i| ZvB B-Kgvm© e¨emv Ki‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡K Aek¨B Rvb‡Z n‡e
Kxfv‡e cÖ‡dkbvj I‡q‡Z †cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwd Ki‡Z nq! DbœZgv‡bi †cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwd B-Kgvm© mvB‡U
me‡P‡q eo cwieZ©b G‡b †`q| †ewkifvM we‡µZvB GUv Rv‡bb| wKš‘ GB KvRwU Lye mnR bq| Avcbvi
B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui cÖwZ Kv÷gv‡ii Av¯’v AR©b Ges eª¨vwÛs‡qi Rb¨ mevi cÖ_‡g `iKvi c‡Y¨i d‡UvMÖvwd|
myZivs, mvB‡U KLbB wbgœgv‡bi c‡Y¨i Qwe Avc‡jvW Kiv DwPZ bq| Lvivc †KvqvwjwUi Qwe Avcbvi
me cwikÖg‡K wb‡g‡lB aŸsm K‡i †`‡e| AbjvB‡b †h‡Kv‡bv wKQy wewµi †¶‡Î c‡Y¨i Qwe me‡P‡q eo
e¨vcvi| c‡Y¨i Qwe cÖ`k©b Kivi c×wZB wewµi m¤¢vebv ˆZwi K‡i †`q|

160-c„ôv
†cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwdi †KŠkj
cY¨ d‡UvMÖvwdi †¶‡Î A‡bK ai‡bi †KŠkj i‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q RbwcÖq Ges B-Kgv‡m©i †¶‡Î
cÖ‡hvR¨ K‡qKwU †KŠkj GLv‡b †`qv n‡jv|

Uzjm
c‡Y¨i bRiKvov Qwei Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb fv‡jvgv‡bi K¨v‡giv Ges †KvqvwjwU jvBwUs wm‡÷g| mvaviYZ GKwU
fv‡jv eª¨v‡Ûi wWGmGjAvi K¨v‡giv Ges Kgc‡¶ 50 wgwg †jÝ, GB †mUAv‡cB DuPzgv‡bi Qwe †Zvjv
hvq| Z‡e K¨v‡givi cÖwZwU wdPvi gywÝqvbvi mv‡_ e¨envi Ki‡Z cvivUvI GLv‡b we‡eP¨ welq|

GK-Z…Zxqvsk web¨vm
ÔGK-Z…Zxqvsk d‡UvMÖvwd †KŠkjÕ e¨env‡ii †¶‡Î cÖ_‡g cy‡iv Qwei g‡a¨ PviwU jvBb Kíbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖ_g `ywU jvBb _vK‡e Djø¤^fv‡e Ges evwK `ywU jvBb _vK‡e Avbyf‚wgKfv‡e| GB jvBb¸‡jv ci¯úi
9wU eM©‡¶Î ˆZwi Ki‡e| wKš‘ Qwei g~j welqe¯‘ Ggbfv‡e wVK gvS eivei ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Qwe‡Z
bv›`wbKZvi †Quvqv _v‡K| GB †KŠk‡j †Zvjv Qwe `k©‡Ki †Pv‡L GKUv Avjv`v cÖkvwšÍ G‡b †`‡e|

K¨v‡giv aivi wbqg

Qwe †Zvjvi mgq K¨v‡giv †hb bv Kuv‡c| †Kbbv Kuvc‡j QwewU weK…Z n‡q hvq| ZvB G e¨vcv‡i wKQy
Abykxjb cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_‡gB Rvb‡Z n‡e, mwVKfv‡e K¨v‡giv aivi wbqg| GwU `yB nv‡Z mwVKfv‡e ai‡Z
n‡e, †hgb GK nvZ _vK‡e K¨v‡givi ewW‡Z Ges Ab¨ nvZ w`‡q †jÝ A¨vWRv÷ K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| GQvov
ewWi Lye KvQvKvwQ K¨v‡giv a‡i Qwe †Zvjv fv‡jv hv‡Z GKUv mv‡cvU© cvq ev nvZ bovPov bv K‡i|

mv`vwm‡a e¨vKMÖvDÛ e¨envi

wWwRUvj d‡UvMÖvwdi †¶‡Î LyeB mvaviY, mv`vwm‡a Ges cwi®‹vi aviYv †ewkifvM mgqB A‡bK eo f‚wgKv
iv‡L| hZUv m¤¢e wm¤új Ges mgZj e¨vKMÖvDÛ e¨envi Kiv fv‡jv| G‡Z Qwei welqe¯‘‡K fv‡jvfv‡e
nvBjvBU Kiv m¤¢e nq| A‡bK mgq GwWwUs‡qi Rb¨I we‡kl myweav cvIqv hvq|

Bb‡Wvi d‡UvMÖvwdi †¶‡Î d¬¨vk e¨envi bv Kiv

†cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwdi †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB Awdm wKsev evmvi wfZ‡iB ïU †bqv nq| †m‡¶‡Î wKQy wbqg
i‡q‡Q, hvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv d¬¨vk jvBU e¨envi bv Kiv| d¬¨vk e¨envi bv K‡iI Qwe‡K A‡bK †ewk
cÖvYešÍ K‡i †Zvjv hvq| cÖ_‡gB Avcbvi K¨v‡givi AvBGmI evwo‡q wbb| AvBGmI 800 †_‡K 1600-
Gi g‡a¨ ivLv fv‡jv| hZUv m¤¢e cÖk¯Í †d«‡g Qwe †Zvjvi †Póv Kiæb|

GwWwUs
g~j d‡UvMÖvwdi KvR †kl n‡q †M‡j Gevi Qwe GwWwUs‡qi cvjv| Qwe †Zvjvi mgq †Kv‡bv cÖKvi ÎæwU
†_‡K †M‡j Zv GwWU K‡i gvbvbmB K‡i wb‡Z cvi‡j me‡P‡q fv‡jv djvdj cvIqv hv‡e| GRb¨ A¨v‡Wvwe
jvBUiæg me‡P‡q fv‡jv GKwU mdUIq¨vi G KvR Kivi Rb¨| GwU GKwU mvaviY Qwe‡K GwWU K‡i
Pvwn`vg‡Zv djvdj w`‡Z cvi‡e| GQvov Adobe Photoshop, Picassa A_ev Irfanview w`‡qI
KvR Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| me‡k‡l, Zvovû‡ov bv K‡i hw` Gfv‡e wbqwgZ PP©v K‡i GwM‡q hvIqv hvq, Z‡e
GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi c‡i †cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwd w`‡q ZvK jvwM‡q †`qvUv ïayB mg‡qi e¨vcvi gvÎ|

c„ôv- 161
 Aa¨vq-39

B-Kgvm© e¨emvq MÖvwd· wWRvBb

†Kv¤úvwbi AvDUjyK A‡bKUvB wbf©i K‡i my›`i Ges iæwPkxj MÖvwd‡·i Dci| †Kv¤úvwbi †jv‡Mv,
weR‡bm KvW©, d¬vBqvi, eªæwkqvi, I‡qe e¨vbvi, †dmeyK Kfvi, cÖ‡gvkbvj e¨vbvi BZ¨vw` mewKQy‡ZB
PvB AvKl©Yxq MÖvwd‡·i KvR| Z‡e †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB †`Lv hvq A‡bK B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwbB Zv‡`i GB
eª¨vwÛs DcKiY¸‡jvi wWRvB‡bi e¨vcv‡i Lye GKUv hZœkxj nq bv| hvi d‡j cÖ_g †`Lv‡ZB Kv÷gvi
I‡qemvB‡Ui cÖwZ AvKl©Y nvwi‡q †d‡jb| †hgbÑ †Kv‡bv GKwU †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡`i GKwU cÖ‡gvkbvj
weÁvcb cÖPvi Kij Ges †mLv‡b GKwU †cÖvWv± nvBjvBU K‡i e¨vbvi Kiv n‡jv| wKš‘ e¨vbv‡ii wWRvBb
hw` fv‡jv bv nq, †mwU †`‡LB Kv÷gvi Zvi †Kv¤úvwbi cÖwZ AvMÖn nvwi‡q †dj‡eb| weÁvcbwU‡K D‡c¶v
K‡i Kv÷gvi P‡j hv‡eb|

eª¨vwÛs‡qi †¶‡Î MÖvwd· wWRvB‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

†Kv¤úvwbi eª¨vwÛs‡qi Rb¨ Aek¨B gvbm¤úbœ MÖvwd· wWRvB‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| Zvn‡j Gevi †R‡b
†bqv hvq GB cÖ‡qvRbxqZv¸‡jv Kx Kx? GKevi †f‡e †`Lv hvK, Avgv‡`i cwiwPZ me‡P‡q AvBKwbK
eª¨vÛ¸‡jv Kx Kx? †K‡bv Zv‡`i eª¨vÛwU GZUv ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Q? Gi KviY n‡Z cv‡i Aek¨B `„wób›`b I
iæwPkxj MÖvwd·, PgrKvi c¨v‡KwRs, Kb‡U‡›Ui weÁvcb Ges BDwbK †Kv‡bv Kb‡U‡›Ui Rb¨| ÔA¨vcj BbmÕ
me‡P‡q †ewk cwiwPZ Zv‡`i PgrKvi c¨v‡KwRs, AvKl©Yxq †cÖvWv± d‡UvMÖvwd Ges iæwPkxj UvB‡cvMÖvwdi
Rb¨| Ab¨w`‡K ÔbvBKÕ Zv‡`i †Kv¤úvwbi eª¨vwÛs‡qi †¶‡Î mvaviYZ hv e¨envi K‡i _v‡K Zv n‡jvÑ †evì

162-c„ôv
UvB‡cvMÖvwd, †cÖiYv`vqx Qwe Ges †evì Kvjvi c¨v‡jU hv wK-bv ÷ªs jvBd÷vB‡ji GKUv aviYv enb K‡i|
†h `ywU D`vniY GLv‡b †`qv n‡jv †m¸‡jv G‡Kev‡i wekvj †Kv‡bv eª¨vwÛs‡qi D`vniY bq, wKš‘ Zviv
PgrKvi MÖvwd· wWRvBb e¨envi K‡i _v‡K|

MÖvwd· wWRvBb Kx? Kxfv‡e GKwU fv‡jvgv‡bi wWRvBb Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨
DcKvix n‡Z cv‡i?
MÖvwd· wWRvBb †µZvi Rb¨ GKwU bv›`wbK Dc¯’vcbv| GwU †Kv¤úvwbi gywÝqvbv m¤ú‡K© GKwU cwi®‹vi
aviYv †`q| †Kv¤úvwb‡K †Kv‡bv †µZvi Kv‡Q cÖ_gevi cwiPq Kwi‡q †`qvi mg‡q MÖvwd· wWRvBb
Abb¨ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| my›`i wWRvB‡bi c‡Y¨i cÖwZ †fv³v‡`i †SuvK memgqB †ewk _v‡K| iæwPkxj
wWRvBb GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi †¶‡Î Zvr¶wYK wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i| GwU †µZv‡K Av¯’v AR©‡b
AbycÖvwYZ K‡i Ges †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU PgrKvi gva¨g ˆZwi K‡i| `ye©j MÖvwd· wWRvBb
cY¨ I eª¨vÛ Df‡qi Rb¨ ¶wZKi| Avcwb wK KL‡bv Ggb †Kv‡bv I‡qemvBU wfwRU K‡i‡Qb hv eªvDR
Kiv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †cÖvWv± AW©vi †cøm Kiv ch©šÍ LyeB weiw³Ki? A_ev Avcbvi †gBje‡· wK Ggb
†Kv‡bv cÖ‡gvkbvj †gBj G‡m‡Q hv †evSv Lye KwVb? hw` GgbUv nq Zvn‡j wbðqB Avcwb LyeB nZvk
n‡q IB mvBU †_‡K †ei n‡q Avm‡eb A_ev IB B-†gBjwU nq‡Zv wWwjU K‡i †`‡eb| GKBfv‡e co‡Z
Kó Ges eyS‡Z KwVb Ggb †Kv‡bv wWRvB‡bi weÁvcb Avcbvi weiw³i m„wó Ki‡e| `ye©j wWRvBb IB
†Kv¤úvwbi cÖwZ Avcbvi g‡bv‡hvM Zz‡j †`‡e| †KejgvÎ `ye©j MÖvwd· wWRvB‡bi Kvi‡Y weÁvcb cÖPv‡i
†h cÖPzi A_© e¨q Kiv n‡qwQj Zv cy‡ivcywi e¨_© n‡e| my›`i Ges iæwPkxj MÖvwd· wWRvB‡bi m¤ú` n‡”Q
UvB‡cvMÖvwd, Kvjvi Ges Qwe| GKRb gvbm¤úbœ wWRvBbvi memgq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K `„wó‡MvPi
K‡i, hv‡Z †µZvi Zvr¶wYK AvMÖn ˆZwi nq Ges µq Kivi Rb¨ mn‡R wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi
evZ©vwU we‡ePbv Kiæb, †Kvb K_vwU †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y©? Ges GUvB n‡e Avcbvi wWRvB‡bi †K›`ªwe›`y| nq‡Zv
Avcwb wb‡R GKRb wWRvBbvi bb| GLb Avcwb Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi MÖvwd·, Avcbvi eª¨v‡Ûi gvb m¤ú‡K©
we‡ePbv Kiæb| Avcbvi †µZvi †Kgb Abyf‚wZ w`‡Z Pvb? GKRb Kv÷gvi wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri AwfÁZv¸‡jv
e¨envi Kivi †Póv Kiæb| hLb Avcwb Avcbvi cQ‡›`i weÁvcbwU †`‡Lb, wb‡R‡K cÖkœ Kiæb †K‡bv IB
weÁvcbwU Avcbvi cQ›` n‡qwQj?

MÖvwd· wWRvB‡bi †¶‡Î †h wewa¸‡jv memgq †g‡b Pjv DwPZ

†ckv`vi MÖvwd· wWRvB‡bi †¶‡Î wKQy mvaviY wbqgbxwZ Av‡Q| G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Aek¨B m‡PZb nIqv
Riæwi| GB wj‡÷ UvB‡cvMÖvwd †_‡K †jAvDU Ges mwVK Kvjvi wbe©vPb msµvšÍ wKQy wbqgbxwZ Ges wUcm
Zz‡j aiv n‡jvÑ

†jLvi Kvb© m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv

A¶‡ii ga¨eZ©x †¯ú‡mi mgš^q‡K ejv nq Kvwb©s| Av`k© Kvwb©s‡qi gva¨‡g A¶‡ii gv‡S †¯ú‡mi mwVK
`„k¨vqb Kiv nq hv †PvL‡K kvwšÍ †`q|

evowZ †mŠ›`‡h©i Rb¨ KL‡bv ¯úóZv D‡c¶v Kiv wVK bq

wWRvB‡bi cÖv_wgK D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv †hvMv‡hvM| ZvB wWRvB‡b Aek¨B my-cvV¨Zv Ges my¯úóZvi Abyf‚wZ _vKv
Riæwi| A¶i Ges e¨vKMÖvD‡Ûi K›Uªv‡÷i mgš^q Ki‡Z n‡e| eo A¶i Ges †QvU A¶‡ii mwVK e¨envi
wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

c„ôv- 163
 D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx µgvš^‡q mvRv‡bv
GKwU wWRvB‡bi †h welq¸‡jv me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zv Av‡M †dvKvm Kiv Riæwi| welqe¯‘, evZ©v Ges Ab¨
welqvewj µgvš^‡q mvRv‡bv fv‡jv| hv‡Z MÖvnK cÖ_g †`Lvq Avcbvi evZ©vwU eyS‡Z cv‡ib|

wWRvBb Kiæb Avcbvi AwW‡qÝ/Kv÷gv‡ii Rb¨

cÖwZwU wWRvB‡bi †cQ‡b me mgqB GKwU Kgb cÖkœ _v‡K ÔwWRvBbwU Kvi D‡Ï‡k Kiv n‡”QÕ? cÖ‡Z¨KwU
wWRvBb GKwU wbw`©ó AwW‡q݇K †K›`ª K‡i ˆZwi Kiv nq| †hgbÑ wkï‡`i KbmvU© Drme n‡e, †m Rb¨
e¨vbvi ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Uv‡M©U AwW‡qÝ Aek¨B wkï Ges Zvi AwffveKiv| ZvB GLv‡b GKwU
mv`v-Kv‡jv wWRvB‡bi †cv÷vi Zv‡`i‡K AvK…ó Ki‡e bv| GB ai‡bi B‡f‡›Ui †¶‡Î GKwU D¾¡j Ges
Kvjvidzj wWRvBb A‡bK †ewk gvbvbmB|

wWRvB‡b Lye †ewk B‡d±m e¨envi Ki‡eb bv

Ôwm¤új BR †e÷Õ GB K_vwU wWRvB‡bi †¶‡Î me‡P‡q †ewk cÖ‡hvR¨| MÖvwd· wWRvBb mdUIq¨v‡ii
gva¨‡g Avgiv A‡bK ai‡bi B‡d±m w`‡q _vwK, †hgbÑ drop shadows, bevelling, textures,
gradients BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ me B‡d±m GKmv‡_ e¨envi Ki‡eb bv| eis wbw`©ó mgq Ges RvqMv Abyhvqx
wbw`©ó B‡d±m e¨envi Kiæb|

wKQy Av`k© Ges AvKl©Yxq wWRvB‡bi D`vniY

bvwg-`vwg †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jvi weÁvcb¸‡jv memgq LyeB mvaviY, cwicvwU Ges AvKl©Yxq n‡q _v‡K| Zviv
Zv‡`i weÁvc‡b MÖvwd· wWRvB‡bi m‡e©v”P cÖvavb¨ w`‡q _v‡K| GLv‡b wKQy Av`k© MÖvwd· wWRvB‡bi
D`vniY †`qv n‡jvÑ

wm¤új Ges mij

cwi®‹vi fvlv Ges A_©en evK¨ e¨envi Kiæb, cÖ‡qvRbxq Qwe hy³ Kiæb ev‡K¨i mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©| Ggb
Kvjvi e¨envi Kiæb hv Avcbvi evZ©vwU‡K cwic~Y©Zv `vb Ki‡e|

myk„•Lj Ges KvVv‡gve×

wWRvBb nIqv PvB myk„•Lj Ges KvVv‡gve× hv Avcbvi †fv³vi wbKU mn‡RB †evaMg¨ nq|

wWRvBb †dvKvm
wWRvB‡b me cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Ges Ackb _vKv Riæwi| GQvov cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q
ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

QqwU wd« AbjvBb wWRvBb Uzjm

B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ MÖvwd· wWRvBb AviI `„wób›`b Ki‡Z wKQy wd« AbjvBb Uzjm e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
G¸‡jv e¨envi Ki‡j MÖvwd‡·i wewfbœ wel‡q mnvqZv †c‡Z cv‡ib| †hgbÑ wd« d›U, c¨vUvb©, †jv‡Mv, Qwe
Ges wWRvBb Aby‡cÖiYv| GLv‡b me UzjmB wd«, Z‡e wKQy †¶‡Î Zv‡`i wcÖwgqvg cø¨vb i‡q‡Q|

164-c„ôv
A¨v‡Wvwe Kvjvi
GwU GKwU PgrKvi AbjvBb Uzj, hv e¨envi K‡i Avcwb Avcbvi cQ›`g‡Zv Kvjvi c¨v‡jU ˆZwi Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| AbjvBb Uz‡ji cvkvcvwk A¨v‡Wvwe Kvjv‡ii †gvevBj A¨vcI i‡q‡Q|

wcKUvKzjvm
GwU GKwU Kvjvi c¨v‡jU †Rbv‡iUi| GLv‡b ïaygvÎ GKwU Qwe Avc‡jvW K‡i †c‡Z cv‡ib GKwU Dchy³
Kvjvi c¨v‡jU|

KvjviWU
cQ‡›`i Kvjvi †LuvRvi Rb¨ KvjviWU LyeB PgrKvi GKwU Uzj| ïaygvÎ Kvm©i gyf Kivi gva¨‡g Avcwb
Kvjvi LyuR‡Z cvi‡eb Ges †mf K‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡eb| GQvov KvjviW‡Ui †gvevBj A¨vcI i‡q‡Q|

d›U ¯‹zqvij
wd«, nvB-†KvqvwjwU Ges wWRvBbvi-†d«Ûwj d›U Øviv mg„× Kiv n‡q‡Q d›U ¯‹yqvi‡ji I‡qemvBUwU|

mve‡Uj c¨vUvb©m
GwU GKwU wd« c¨vUvb© wi‡mvm©| wd« WvDb‡jv‡Wi Rb¨ GLv‡b 400-iI †ewk c¨vUvb© i‡q‡Q|

wd«wcK
wd«wcK n‡jv MÖvwd· wi‡mv‡m©i Rb¨ GKwU mvP© BwÄb| GLv‡b Avcwb cv‡eb wd« †f±i wWRvBb, AvBKb
Ges Qwe| myZivs, B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ MÖvwd· wWRvBb GKwU AZ¨vek¨Kxq Dcv`vb| G m¤ú‡K© GKwU
†QvÆ D×…wZ †`qv RiæwiÑ ÔDesign Creates Culture, Culture Shapes Value, Values Determine
the Future.Õ

c„ôv- 165
 Aa¨vq-40

wfwWI Ges A¨vwb‡gkb

B-Kgvm© mvB‡U weÁvc‡bi †¶‡Î A¨vwb‡gkb Ges wfwWIi e¨envi w`b w`b evo‡Q| wKš‘ Kx ai‡bi
A¨vwb‡gkb wKsev wfwWI weÁvcb GKRb †µZv‡K AvK…ó Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv Rvb‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi A¨vwb‡gkb
Ges wfwWIi e¨vcv‡i aviYv _vKv Avek¨K| Av‡gwiKvb †Møvevj gv‡K©wUs A¨vbvwjwUKm Ges WvUv
A¨vbvjvBwmm cÖwZôvb ÔKg‡¯‹viÕi g‡Z, 64 kZvsk †µZv †cÖvWv± wfwWI Kb‡U›U †`Lvi ci AbjvB‡b
cY¨ †Kbvi e¨vcv‡i wm×všÍ wb‡q _v‡Kb| Av‡gwiKvi weL¨vZ †dve©m g¨vMvwR‡bi g‡Z, 59 kZvsk BDRvi
†U·U Kb‡U›U covi †P‡q wfwWI Kb‡U›U †`L‡Z AwaK cQ›` K‡i _v‡Kb| Ab¨w`‡K wfwWI †mev`vbKvix
cÖwZôvb A¨vwb‡gv‡Uv GK nvRvi Av‡gwiKvb †µZvi Ici Rwic K‡i †`‡L‡Q-73 kZvsk †µZvB cY¨
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†Kv‡bv weKí †bB|

wfwWIi aib
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Kx Kv‡R e¨envi nq Zv AvKl©Yxqfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| GB wfwWI¸‡jv g~jZ wUwf wfwWI wKsev
AbjvB‡b cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g cÖwZôvbwU‡K mevi Kv‡Q cwiwPZ K‡i Zz‡j|

166-c„ôv
B›UviwfD wfwWI
cÖwZwôZ Ges weL¨vZ `¶ gvbyl‡`i mv‡_ fwel¨‡Zi mgm¨v m¤¢vebv Ges Zv‡`i mdjZvi K‡_vcK_b wb‡q
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Kiv hvq|

jvBf I‡qeKv÷
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D™¢‚Z I inm¨gq welq jvBf cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g cÖwZôvb‡K cwiwPZ Kiv nq|

wfwWI cvIqvi c‡q›U

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wUcm wfwWI wmwiR

AbjvB‡b wewfbœ wfwWI wewbgq mvBU¸‡jv‡Z wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRbxq welq wb‡q wUcm wKsev mvnvh¨Kvix Z_¨
w`‡q wfwWI wmwiR Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Gi d‡j †mB cÖwZôv‡bi e¨vcv‡i gvby‡li g‡b GKUv wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv
m„wó nq|

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Zz‡j a‡i †cÖvWv± wfwWI wiwfD ˆZwi Kiv nq Ges AbjvBb wfwWI mvB‡U Zv †`qv n‡j GKRb †µZv †mB
†cÖvWv± †Kbvi Av‡M Zv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡ib|

†cÖvWv± e¨enviKvix †µZvi cÖksmvg~jK wfwWI

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†µZvi cY¨wU wel‡q gZvgZ wb‡q cÖksmvg~jK wfwWI evbv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| GB wfwWI¸‡jv cÖwZôvb
wb‡R‡`i eª¨vwÛs‡qi Rb¨ wbg©vY K‡i _v‡K Ges I‡qemvB‡U cÖ`k©b K‡i _v‡K| G‡Z K‡i wfwWI †`‡L
cÖwZôv‡bi e¨vcv‡i AviI †ewk gvbyl Av¯’v ivL‡Z ïiæ K‡ib|

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mg‡qi wfwWI wb‡q wfwWI wbg©vY K‡i †µZv‡K AvK…ó Kiv nq|

we‡bv`bg~jK wfwWI
memgq cY¨ wewµ wb‡q †µZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ wfwWI bv K‡i gv‡S gv‡S †µZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z
we‡bv`bg~jK wfwWI ˆZwi Kiv nq| G‡Z K‡i cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZ wei³ †ev‡ai †Kv‡bv welq ˆZwi nq bv, eis
GKUv fv‡jv jvMv m„wó nq|

d‡Uv †U·U wfwWI

wfwWI Uzj w`‡q wKQy d‡Uv e¨envi K‡i wgDwRK I †U·Umn d‡Uv †U·U wfwWI Kiv hvq|

c„ôv- 167
 K‡c©v‡iU wfwWI
cÖwZôvb m¤ú‡K© †µZv Ges †`k-we‡`‡k e¨emvwqK cwiwPwZi e„w×i Rb¨ K‡c©v‡iU wfwWI ˆZwi Kiv nq|

I‡qjKvg wfwWI
wewfbœ mgq †`k-we‡`‡k RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q A‡b‡Ki mdjZvi Lei cvIqv hvq, Zv‡`i‡K
Af¨_©bv Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ ï‡f”Qv wfwWI wbg©vY Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

†cÖvWv± wUD‡Uvwiqvj wfwWI

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Kiv hvq| BDwUD‡ei g‡Zv wewfbœ AbjvBb wfwWI mvBU¸‡jvi gva¨‡g GB wfwWI gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡j
†cÖvWv± I cÖwZôv‡bi cwiwPwZ e„w× cvq|

A¨vwb‡gkb
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Ô†Wvbvì WvKÕ-Gi g‡Zv A¨vwb‡g‡UW KvUz©b wdj¥ w`‡qB A¨vwb‡gkb KvUz©b wd‡j¥i hvÎv ïiæ| 1929 mv‡j
ÔwgwK gvDmÕ KvUz©b Pwi‡Îi m„wó K‡ib Iqvë wWRwb| Avi Gfv‡eB µgvMZfv‡e A¨vwb‡gkb we‡bv`‡bi
cvkvcvwk evwYwR¨K iƒc wb‡Z _v‡K wewfbœ gva¨‡g| A¨vwb‡gkb kãwU jvwZb kã ÔA¨vwbgvÕ †_‡K G‡m‡Q|
Gi A_© Ô†mvjÕ ev AvZ¥v| c`©vq †Kv‡bv GKwU Ro e¯‘ ev Pwi·K Pjgvb †Kv‡bv wP‡Î Rxeb ev iƒc`vb
†`qv‡K A¨vwb‡gkb ejv nq|

A¨vwb‡gk‡bi aib
A¨vwb‡gkb †ek K‡qK ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| UzwW †mj A¨vwb‡gkb, w_ªwW wmwRAvB A¨vwb‡gkb, w_ªwW †gvkb
K¨vcPvi A¨vwb‡gkb, wfRy¨qvj B‡d±m, †K¬ A¨vwb‡gkb cÖf…wZ ai‡bi A¨vwb‡gkb|

UzwW †mj A¨vwb‡gkb

me‡P‡q cyi‡bv ai‡bi c×wZi A¨vwb‡gkb n‡jv UzwW †mj A¨vwb‡gkb| cÖ_‡gB †h e¯‘ ev Pwi‡Îi A¨vwb‡gkb
Kiv n‡e Zvi mKj cÖKvi bovPovi cici A‡bK¸‡jv Qwe AuvKv nq| Gici Zv‡K †mjyj‡q‡Wi gva¨‡g
UzwW †mj c×wZi mvnv‡h¨ A¨vwb‡g‡UW iƒc †`qv nq| weL¨vZ ÔwgwK gvDmÕ A¨vwb‡gkb PwiÎwU GB c×wZ‡Z
Kv‡R jvwM‡q wbwg©Z nq|

w_ªwW wmwRAvB A¨vwb‡gkb

w_ªwW wmwRAvB A¨vwb‡gkb n‡”Q mdUIq¨viwbf©i A¨vwb‡gkb c×wZ| G‡Z cÖ_‡g wewfbœ iK‡gi euvKv‡bv
†iLvi mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv GKwU Qwei wKQy Ask (KgwcDUvi †Rbv‡iUi B‡gRvwi) w`‡q AuvK‡Z nq| Gici
QwewU‡K IB mdUIq¨v‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wÎgvwÎK A¨vwb‡gk‡b iƒc †`qv nq| weL¨vZ wc·vi ÷zwWIi ÔAvcÕ
I ÔUq †÷vwiÕi g‡Zv nwjD‡Wi weL¨vZ A¨vwb‡gkb wdj¥¸‡jv G c×wZ AbymiY K‡i ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQj|

A¨vwb‡gkb
A‡bK mgq wÎgvwÎK e¯‘ ev PwiÎ ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡K A¨vwb‡gU Ki‡Z GB c×wZi mvnvh¨ †bqv nq| †Kv‡bv

168-c„ôv
GKRb e¨w³i Mv‡q GKwU †mÝi jvwM‡q wewfbœ w`‡K bovPov Kiv‡bv nq| RbwcÖq Pjw”PÎ ÔjW© Ae `¨
wismÕ wmwi‡R Ô†MvjvgÕ PwiÎwU‡K GB c×wZ‡Z ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQj| nwjD‡Wi RbwcÖq Pjw”PÎ ÔA¨vfvUviÕ-G
w_ªwW A¨vwb‡gk‡bi PgrKvi e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv Zvi bRiKvov A¨vwb‡gk‡bi Rb¨ weL¨vZ|

wfRy¨qvj B‡d±m
A¨vwb‡gkb Ges gvwëwgwWqv we‡klÁiv AvRKvj wfRy¨qvj B‡d±m Zv‡`i Kv‡R e¨envi Ki‡Qb| mvaviYZ
¯^í‰`‡N©¨i †Kv‡bv A¨vwb‡gk‡b †¯úkvj B‡d±m ˆZwi‡Z GwU e¨envi Kiv nq| Ôn¨vwi cUviÕ wmwi‡Ri
Pjw”Pθ‡jvi †ek A‡bK¸‡jv Rv`yi `„k¨ †¯úkvj B‡d± c×wZ‡Z ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| GB †¯úkvj B‡d±
`„k¨¸‡jv‡K wek¦vm‡hvM¨ I cÖvYešÍ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| Avi ZvB n¨vwi cUvi gywfwU GZ RbwcÖq|

†K¬ A¨vwb‡gkb
†K¬ A¨vwb‡gkb Ggb GKwU c×wZ hv‡Z wm‡š’wUK †K¬Õi mvnv‡h¨ PwiÎ ˆZwi K‡i PwiÎwU‡K bovPov Kiv‡bv
nq Ges cici A‡bK¸‡jv Qwe †Zvjv nq| A‡bK mgq GK †m‡K‡Ûi GKwU bovPov `„‡k¨i Rb¨ cÖvq wek
†_‡K cuwPkwU †d«‡g Qwe wb‡Z nq| Zvici †mB Qwe¸‡jv‡KB cici mvRv‡bvi ci n‡q I‡V GK GKwU
†K¬ A¨vwb‡gkb| wkï‡Zvl Pjw”PÎ ÔZv‡i Rwgb cviÕ-G GB †K¬ c×wZi A¨vwb‡gkb e¨envi Kiv n‡qwQj|

wek¦Ry‡o RbwcÖq wKQy A¨vwb‡gkb KvR

Uq †÷vwi 1995,
G evMÕm jvBd 1998,
gb÷vi BbK& 2001,
dvBwÛs wb‡gv 2003,
IqvjB 2008,
Avc 2009|

A¨vwb‡gk‡b evsjv‡`k
wkíx iwdKzbœexi (iYexi) weL¨vZ Ô†UvKvBÕ-Gi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k A¨vwb‡gkb Pwi‡Îi hvÎv ïiæ| wÎgvwÎK
A¨vwb‡gkb ÷zwWI evsjv‡`‡k 1999 mv‡j Ôgvbe K¼v‡ji XvKv ågYÕ bv‡g GKwU A¨vwb‡gkb ˆZwi
K‡iwQj| GQvov RbwcÖq †jLK gynv¤§` Rvdi BKev‡ji Mí Aej¤^‡b ÔivZz‡ji RMZÕ bv‡gI GKwU
wdKkb A¨vwb‡gkb ˆZwi n‡qwQj| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡k fxlY RbwcÖq n‡qwQj †h A¨vwb‡gkbwU Zv n‡”Q ÔgyiwM
†K‡bv wgDU¨v›UÕ| A¨vwb‡gk‡bi RM‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki GK Me© Kiv bvg bvwdm web Rvdi| cÖ_g evsjv‡`wk
wn‡m‡e bvwdm hy³iv‡óªi A¨vKv‡Wwg Ae †gvkb wcKPvi AvU©m A¨vÛ mv‡qÝ wefv‡M A¯‹vi cvb| ÔcvB‡iUm
Ae `¨ K¨vivweqvb : A¨vU Iqvì© BÛÕ gywf‡Z d¬yBW Wvqbvwg‡·i AmvaviY KvR Kivi Rb¨ mnKg©x WM
iæ‡ej I wiI mvKv¸wPi mv‡_ †hŠ_fv‡e bvwdm G m¤§vbbv cvb|

A¨vwb‡gkb mdUIq¨vi
A‡Uv‡W¯‹ w_ªwW g¨v·|

wfwWI Ges A¨vwb‡gkb Uzj

A¨vwb‡gv‡Uv, cUzb, †kv e·, wfwWI ¯ŒvBe, IqvBU e¨vK‡evW© A¨vwb‡gkb Uzj Ô†iv kU©mÕ, A¨vwb‡g‡UW
wfwWI Uzj ÔgyfwjÕ|

c„ôv- 169
 Aa¨vq-41

†Kv¤úvwbi †fZ‡i I evB‡i †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv

KwgDwb‡Kkb ev †hvMv‡hvM Kx Ges †K‡bv Ki‡Z nq Zv Avgv‡`i meviB Kg‡ewk Rvbv| ZeyI GK`g
†QvU K‡i hw` ej‡ZB nqÑ g‡bi fve ev †Kv‡bv Z_¨ GKK e¨w³ †_‡K GKK e¨w³, GKK e¨w³ †_‡K
GKvwaK e¨w³, GKvwaK e¨w³ †_‡K GKvwaK e¨w³ wKsev †Kv‡bv ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b Av`vb-cÖ`vb
Kiv‡KB †hvMv‡hvM ev KwgDwb‡Kkb e‡j| Avi GKUz †Lqvj Ki‡jB †`Lv hv‡e, cÖwZwU †hvMv‡hvM wZbwU
Dcv`vb wg‡j msMwVZ nqÑ
GK ev GKvwaK evZ©v ev Z_¨,
GK ev GKvwaK evZ©v †cÖiK,
GK ev GKvwaK evZ©v cÖvcK ev MÖvnK|
GB wZb Dcv`vb wg‡jB cÖwZ gyn~‡Z© AmsL¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi D`vniY ˆZwi n‡”Q| Avi GB †hvMv‡hvM ev
KwgDwb‡Kkb Kivq Avgiv meB cÖv_wgKfv‡e wb‡R‡`i‡K cvi`k©x g‡b Kwi| wKš‘ gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv,
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖqvm Avi mdjfv‡e †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cvivi gv‡S we¯Íi cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb| Ggb A‡bK
mgq Av‡m hLb Avgiv †hvMv‡hvM Kwi wVKB, wKš‘ †hvMv‡hvMwU mdj nq bv| gv‡b, hvi ev †h D‡Ï‡k¨
†hvMv‡hvM Kiv nq †mUv mdjfv‡e †evSv‡bv hvq bv ev evZ©vwU †cuŠ”Qv‡bv hvq bv| G Kvi‡YB †hvMv‡hvM
`¶Zvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| Avgv‡`i cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b †Zv e‡UB, we‡kl K‡i Avgv‡`i Kg©Rxe‡b †hvMv‡hvM
`¶Zv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| Kg©Rxe‡bi mdjZv A‡bKUvB wbf©i K‡i Avgv‡`i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mdjZvi Dci|

170-c„ôv
GKwU K_vB Av‡Q-Avcwb Kx ej‡Qb †mUv Riæwi bq, eis Avcwb Kxfv‡e ej‡Qb †mUv Riæwi| ZvB
GB Aa¨v‡qi ïiæ‡ZB Avgiv ms‡¶‡c †R‡b †be †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv Kx Ges †K‡bv Riæwi? Gici Rvbe
†Kv¤úvwbi †fZ‡i I evB‡i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨eüZ gva¨g¸‡jv Kx ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i? me‡k‡l Rvbe
†Kv¤úvwbi †fZ‡i I evB‡i †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv Avbq‡bi Dcvq¸‡jv Kx Kx?

†hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv Kx Ges †K‡bv Riæwi

mnR K_vq Avgv‡`i †fZ‡i _vKv †hvMv‡hv‡Mi m¶gZv‡K †QvU-eo wKQz KwgDwb‡Kkb w¯‹j
ev `¶Zv Øviv AviI MÖnY‡hvM¨ K‡i †Zvjv‡KB †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv e‡j| ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L
bv, Avgv‡`i Rxeb wKsev RxweKv `y‡Uv †¶‡ÎB †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cviv †Zv e‡UB, †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
Dci `¶Zv Avbqb AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| cÖ_gZ, †h‡Kv‡bv cwi‡e‡k Avcbv‡K †Kv‡bv iKg wU‡K
_vK‡Z n‡jI †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z Rvb‡Z n‡e| wØZxqZ, †h‡Kv‡bv cwi‡e‡k Avcbv‡K fv‡jvfv‡e wU‡K _vK‡Z
n‡j †hvMv‡hv‡Mi `¶Zvi w`‡K bRi w`‡Z n‡e| GLb cwi‡ekwU Avcbvi cwievi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Avcbvi
Kg©‡¶Î †nvK Avi Avcbvi eÜzgnj †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Avcbvi e¨emv ev Awdm mnKg©xB †nvK, Avcbv‡K
†hvMv‡hv‡M `¶ n‡Z n‡e| GKK_vq †hvMv‡hvM ev KwgDwb‡Kkb Qvov Avgv‡`i Rxeb cÖvq APj| Avi
†hvMv‡hv‡M `¶Zv Qvov Avgv‡`i Kg©Rxe‡b mdjZv cÖvq Am¤¢e| Kg©‡¶‡Î mdjZv ZLbB Avm‡e, hLb
Avcwb Avcbvi g‡bi fve I cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ mdjZvi mv‡_ Av‡iKR‡bi Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z wkL‡eb|
we‡kl K‡i wWwRUvj GB hy‡M B-Kgv‡m©i g‡Zv WvqbvwgK cø¨vUd‡g© hviv KvR Ki‡Z B”QzK, Zv‡`i Rb¨
cÖvwZôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡M `¶Zv Avbqb me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

†Kv¤úvwbi †fZ‡i I evB‡i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g¸‡jv

KwgDwb‡Kkb w¯‹j¸‡jv wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi Av‡M †QvÆ K‡i KwgDwb‡Kkb ev †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g¸‡jvi
mv‡_cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡Z PvB| Avgiv mPivPi †hme gva¨g e¨envi K‡i †hvMv‡hvM K‡i _vwK †m¸‡jv‡ZI
`¶Zv _vKvUv Riæwi|

fvievj ev †gŠwLK KwgDwb‡Kkb

Avgiv ïaygvÎ †gŠwLKfv‡e ev gy‡L K_v e‡j †hme †hvMv‡hvM K‡i _vwK †m¸‡jvB fvievj ev Iivj
KwgDwb‡Kkb| GUv n‡Z cv‡iÑ
mvgbv mvgwb K‡_vcK_b,
`~‡ii KviI mv‡_ †dv‡b K‡_vcK_b,
GKR‡bi mv‡_ GKR‡bi K‡_vcK_b,
GKR‡bi mv‡_ GKvwaK e¨w³i K‡_vcK_b|
Avi GB †gŠwLK K‡_vcK_b‡K AviI †ewk MÖnY‡hvM¨ K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡K †hme wel‡qi w`‡K bRi
w`‡Z n‡eÑ
my›`i evPbfw½,
e¨vL¨v cÖ`v‡bi m¶gZv,
mZ¨ I wbf©zj Z‡_¨i Dc¯’vcb,

c„ôv- 171
 †b‡Mvwm‡qkb ev Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cviv,
msw¶ß AvKv‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cviv,
KbwfÝ ev wek¦vm Kiv‡bvi ¶gZv,
m¤¢e n‡j GKvwaK fvlvq K‡_vcK_‡b `¶Zv BZ¨vw`|

bb-fvievj KwgDwb‡Kkb
†gŠwLKfv‡e ev gy‡L K_v bv e‡j Avgv‡`i AvPiY, A½fw½, Bkviv, †cvkvK, kã, Qwe BZ¨vw` e¨envi K‡i
Avgiv †h †hvMv‡hvM K‡i _vwK †mUvB bb-fvievj KwgDwb‡Kkb| gvbyl Zv‡`i mgy`q †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖvq 90
kZvs‡ki †ewk †hvMv‡hvM bb-fvievwj K‡i _v‡Kb| mn‡RB Abygvb Kiv hvq, GB gva¨gwU‡Z Avgv‡`i‡K
KZUv bRi w`‡Z n‡e|
Avcbvi †h‡Kv‡bv †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖqvm wbwg‡lB cÐ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i hw` Avcbvi bb-fvievj KwgDwb‡Kkb
MÖnY‡hvM¨ bv nq| †hgbÑ Avcwb nq‡Zv gy‡L Lye wgwó wgwó K_v ej‡Qb wKš‘ Avcbvi A½fw½ K`h©, Zv‡Z
Avcbvi †hvMv‡hvMwU e¨_© n‡e wbwðZ| ZvB cÖvwZôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î GB gva¨gwU‡K w`‡Z n‡e
we‡kl ¸iæZ¡Ñ
f`ªZvi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB,
n‡Z n‡e fv‡jv †kÖvZv,
Awfe¨w³i cÖKvk Rvb‡Z n‡e,
B‡gvkb ev Av‡e‡Mi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e,
MÖnY‡hvM¨ †cvkvK cwiav‡b Af¨¯Í n‡Z n‡e,
e¨w³MZ AvµgY Kiv hv‡e bv,
kixix fvlvi w`‡K bRi w`‡Z n‡e BZ¨vw`|

wjwLZ †hvMv‡hv‡M `¶Zv

Avgv‡`i g‡bi †h fve Avgiv †gŠwLKfv‡e Rvbv‡Z cvwi bv ev †h Z_¨ Avgv‡`i‡K wjwLZ AvKv‡iB †ck
Ki‡Z nq †m¸‡jv‡K wjwLZ †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| cÖvwZôvwbK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wekvj GKUv Ask Ry‡o Av‡Q GB
wjwLZ †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g, †mUv †nvK wb‡Ri †Kv¤cvwbi †fZ‡ii mnKg©x‡`i mv‡_ wKsev Ab¨ †Kv¤cvwbi
mv‡_| wjwLZ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi AvIZvq †h¸‡jv co‡Z cv‡iÑ
e¨w³MZ wPwV ev B-†gBj,
Awdwkqvj B-†gBj,
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb,
wbDR‡jUvi,
weÁvcb,
Kb‡U›U ˆZwi,
c‡Y¨i wiwfD,
c‡Y¨i weeiY,

172-c„ôv
 w¯úP ev fvlY wjLb,
wewfbœ cÖhyw³MZ †jLv BZ¨vw`|
GB wjwLZ †hvMv‡hvM¸‡jv‡Z fv‡jv Ki‡Z n‡j †h welq¸‡jv‡Z bRi w`‡Z n‡eÑ
fvlvMZ `¶Zv (evsjv Ges Bs‡iwR),
mnR mij fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cviv,
wbf©zjZv,
cÖ‡qvRbxq M‡elYv,
†jLvi ci Aek¨B cybivq c‡o †bqv ev wi-wiW Kiv,
fv‡jv eB I g¨vMvwRb msMÖ‡n ivLv,
wb‡Ri m„RbkxjZv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv BZ¨vw`|

wfRy¨qvj †hvMv‡hvM
†Kv‡bv Qwe, MÖvd, Kvjvi, AvU© BZ¨vw` e¨envi K‡i hLb †Kv‡bv Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K
wfRy¨qvj †hvMv‡hvM e‡j| †hgbÑ jvj is w`‡q Riæwi Ae¯’v †evSv‡bv nq| GwU bb-fvievj KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi
GKwU Ask gvÎ, wKš‘ eZ©gvb wWwRUvj `ywbqvq gvbyl wfRy¨qvj †hvMv‡hv‡M †ewk Af¨¯Í n‡q D‡V‡Qb| ZvB
Avgv‡`i cÖvwZôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM¸‡jv‡Z wfRy¨qvj Dcv`vb _vKvUv GLb mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb| wfRy¨qvj Dcv`vb
Avgv‡`i †h‡Kv‡bv †hvMv‡hvM‡K K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i mnR Ges mgq Dc‡hvMx| †hgbÑ B-†gB‡j Qwe e¨envi
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, B-†gB‡j PvU© ev MÖvd e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡b Qwe, MÖvd, wfwWI wKsev
Kvjv‡ii e¨envi BZ¨vw`| GLb wfRy¨qvj †hvMv‡hvM Avgv‡`i KwgDwb‡Kkb‡K AviI mnR I wbf©zj Ki‡Z
mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q| ïay `y‡Uv wRwbm gv_vq ivL‡jB wfRy¨qvj †hvMv‡hvM mdj n‡eÑ
AwW‡qÝ ev `k©K‡`i K_v gv_vq †i‡LB wfRy¨qvj e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| `k©K‡`i aib †hgb, †Zgb
wfRy¨qvj e¨envi Kiv DwPZ|
wfRy¨qvj evQvB‡qi ci GKRb Z…Zxqc¶‡K Zv †`Lv‡Z n‡e| A‡bK mgq wb‡Ri cQ›` A‡b¨i Rb¨
mnR‡eva¨ wKsev MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq bv|

†Kv¤cvwbi †fZ‡i I evB‡i †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv Avbq‡bi Dcvq

†Kv¤cvwbi †fZ‡i I evB‡i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î wKQz mvaviY Ges †QvU †QvU wel‡q bRi w`‡jB Avgv‡`i
†hvMv‡hv‡M Af‚Zc~e© cwieZ©b P‡j Avm‡e| gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv, Avcwb †h gyn~Z© †_‡K G¸‡jv cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡eb †mB gyn~Z© †_‡KB dj cv‡eb| Zvn‡j Pjyb Dc‡iv³ PviwU gva¨g‡f‡` †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv Avbq‡b
Abb¨ mvaviY welq¸‡jv †R‡b †bBÑ

g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q A‡b¨i K_v †kvbv

†hvMv‡hv‡M `¶Zv AR©b Kivi cÖ_g I cÖavbZg cvV n‡jv A‡b¨i K_v g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kvbv| ejv n‡q
_v‡K, GKRb fv‡jv KwgDwb‡KU‡ii cÖavb j¶Y n‡jv wZwb GKRb fv‡jv †kÖvZv n‡eb| g‡b ivL‡eb,
fv‡jv †kÖvZv bv n‡j †Kv‡bv gvbyl Avcbvi mv‡_ K‡_vcK_b Ki‡Z ¯^v”Q›`¨‡eva Ki‡eb bv| GKRb fv‡jv

c„ôv- 173
 †kÖvZvB cv‡ib K_vi †hvM¨ wdWe¨vK w`‡Z, KiYxq m¤c‡K© mwVK aviYv †c‡Z Ges mwVK mg‡q mwVK cÖkœ
Ki‡Z| ZvB hviv me‡P‡q mn‡R GKRb fv‡jv KwgDwb‡KUi n‡Z Pvb, Zviv GB GKwU gvÎ ¸Y wb‡Ri
g‡a¨ aviY K‡iB evwRgvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

¯úó I cwi”Qbœ †hvMv‡hv‡M Af¨¯Í †nvb

¯úó I cwi”Qbœfv‡e wb‡Ri e³e¨ A‡b¨i Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb Kiv wkL‡Z n‡e| Avcbvi e³e¨ wjwLZ AvKv‡i
n‡Z cv‡i Avevi †gŠwLKfv‡eI n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ ¯cóZvi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| GRb¨ hZUv msw¶ßfv‡e cviv
hvq, Avcbvi e³e¨ Zz‡j aiæb| Ah_v AwZwi³ K_v w`‡q Avcbvi Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRbxq welq¸‡jv‡K
RwUj K‡i Zzj‡eb bv| g‡b ivL‡eb, mevB mivmwi I ¯úó e³e¨ cQ›` K‡ib|

eÜzZ¡c~Y© AvPiY Abykxjb Kiæb

†h‡Kv‡bv Kg©‡¶‡Î †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GB ¸YwU g¨vwR‡Ki g‡Zv KvR K‡i| mnKg©x, wmwbqi em wKsev Avcbvi
wU‡gi †g¤^vi, mevB Avcbvi GB GKwU ¸‡Yi cÖksmv Ki‡eb wbwðZ| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GB ¸YwU AvqË KivI
Lye mnR| GKUz eÜzZ¡c~Y© Mjvq K_v ejv, e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi †LuvRLei †bqv Ges GKUz nvwmgy‡L K_v e‡jB
Avcwb Avcbvi wU‡gi g‡bvej evov‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Zviv Avcbvi K_vq AviI Aby‡cÖiYv cv‡eb|
Avi wmwbqiiv Avcbvi mv‡_ K_v e‡j ¯^v”Q›`¨‡eva Ki‡eb| Avcwb wjwLZ wKsev †gŠwLK `y‡Uv †¶‡ÎB
eÜzZ¡c~Y© AvPi‡Yi Abykxjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv

GKevi †Lqvj Kiæb, Avcbvi Dc¯’vcb Kiv †gŠwLK e³‡e¨ ev wjwLZ e³‡e¨ hw` Avcbvi wb‡RiB
AvZ¥wek¦vm bv _v‡K, Zvn‡j Avcwb hv‡`i mvg‡b Zv Zz‡j ai‡Qb Zviv †Kgb †eva Ki‡eb? Zviv Avcbvi
e³e¨ ï‡b †mUv Avi ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ †b‡eb bv| Avcwb Avcbvi Kg©x‡`i mvg‡b hv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb Zv‡Z
†hb Avcbvi wek¦vm _v‡K| AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ Avcbvi e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiæb, Z‡e †mUv †hb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB
J×Z¨c~Y© bv nq|

mngwg©Zv cÖ`k©b Kiv Riæwi

mnKg©x I wUg †g¤^vi‡`i cÖwZ mngwg©Zv †`Lvb| Zv‡`i mgm¨v I gZvg‡Zi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| †h‡Kv‡bv
†Kv¤cvwbi ev cÖwZôv‡bi wUg wjWvi‡`i GB ¸YwU _vKv PvB-B PvB| †Kvb Kg©x †Kv_vq _v‡Kb, Kxfv‡e
Awd‡m Av‡mb, evmvi Ae¯’v †Kgb, evmvq †KD Amy¯’ _vK‡j †LuvRLei †bqv BZ¨vw`| GKUz mngwg©Zv
cÖ`k©bB Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AviI g‡bv‡hvMx K‡i Zzj‡e| mevB mevi †LuvRLei ivL‡j Awd‡mI GKwU
cvwievwiK Aven ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e|

†Lvjv gb-gvbwmKZvi AwaKvix nIqv

I‡cb gvB‡ÛW ev †Lvjv gb-gvbwmKZv †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ GKwU eo †hvM¨Zv| A‡b‡K GB GKwU ¸‡Yi
Afv‡e Ab¨ Kg©x‡`i Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv cvb bv| K‡_vcK_‡bi mgq GKUz D`vi n‡Z n‡e| fv‡jv
KwgDwb‡KUiiv me mgq †d¬w·ej _v‡Kb, Zviv A‡b¨i gZvgZ fv‡jvfv‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z Kvc©Y¨‡eva K‡ib
bv| g‡b ivL‡eb, †Lvjv gb-gvbwmKZvi AwaKvix n‡j Aci c‡¶i gZvgZ Ges mgv‡jvPbv Avcwb
cwRwUfwj n¨v‡Ûj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

174-c„ôv
A‡b¨i cÖwZ m¤§vb †`Lv‡bv
†gŠwLK K‡_vcK_b †nvK Avi wjwLZ B-†gBj †nvK, A‡b¨i cÖwZ †hvM¨ m¤§vb †`Lv‡Z n‡e| K_vq Av‡Q,
m¤§vb †c‡Z n‡j m¤§vb †`Lv‡bv Riæwi| K_v ejvi mgq bgbxq _vKv, wUg †g¤^vi‡`i bvg Rvbv Ges bvg
a‡i K_v ejv, †Pv‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q K_v ejv wKsev g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q Zv‡`i K_v †kvbv, G¸‡jv AvqË KivB
h‡_ó| Avi wjwLZ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î mwVK m¤^Üb Kiv, fz‡j fiv †gBj bv Kiv, †gBj wj‡L Av‡iKevi
c‡o †bqv BZ¨vw` †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| Aci c¶ †hb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB GUv g‡b bv K‡i †h, Avcwb Zv‡K
¸iæZ¡-mnKv‡i †bbwb|

†hvM¨ wdWe¨vK †`qv I †bqv

mwVK wdWe¨vK w`‡Z cviv GKwU eo †hvM¨Zv| Gi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i‡K †mB cÖ_g w¯‹jwU‡K AviI ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z
n‡e| gv‡b g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q A‡b¨i K_v ïb‡Z n‡e| †Lqvj ivL‡eb, Avcwb hw` A‡b¨i K_v g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q
bv †kv‡bb Zvn‡j Zvi K_vi †hvM¨ wdWe¨vK KLbB w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv| †Kv¤cvwbi †fZ‡i hLb mvßvwnK
wgwUs nq wKsev †gB‡j ev †dv‡b hLb †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri Avc‡WU Rvbv‡bv nq, ZLb GB `¶Zvi cÖ‡qvRb
c‡o| Acic‡¶ Avcbv‡KI A‡b¨i wdWe¨vK MÖnY Ki‡Z Rvb‡Z n‡e| cÖkœ †bqv I DËi †`qv, †g‡mR
cwi®‹vifv‡e wb‡R Rvbv I Aci‡K Rvbv‡bv Ges cÖvß wdWe¨vK Abycv‡Z cieZ©x KvR Kiv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi|

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi mwVK c_wU †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e

Awdwkqvj †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î Avcwb †Kvb gva¨gwU e¨envi Ki‡eb †mUv RvbvUv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| aiæb,
Avcwb GKRb mnKg©xi †eZb, Dcw¯’wZ ev Bbwµ‡g›U wb‡q K_v ej‡Z Pvb| †m‡¶‡Î Aek¨B †mUv Iqvb
Uz Iqvb K‡_vcK_b n‡j fv‡jv nq| Avevi Avcwb †Kv¤cvwbi evB‡i †Kv‡bv e¨¯Í e¨w³i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM
Ki‡Z Pvb| †m‡¶‡Î †mUv B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g †hvMv‡hvM KivUvB †kÖq| A‡bK mgq ïay †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
gva¨gwU fzj nIqvi Kvi‡Y cy‡iv †hvMv‡hvMwUB †f‡¯Í hvq| †hgbÑ Avcwb wbðqB Avcbvi †eZb wb‡q K_v
ejvi Rb¨ Avcbvi em‡K †gvevB‡j GmGgGm Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| G‡¶‡Î Avcbv‡K Aek¨B e¨w³MZfv‡e
mivmwi K_v ej‡Z n‡e|

†cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡b Af¨¯Í n‡Z n‡e

GB mgqUvB n‡jv †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi| †h‡Kv‡bv cÖ¯Íve ev bZzb †Kv‡bv AvBwWqv †kqvi Ki‡Z n‡jB
†cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| Awd‡mi Af¨šÍ‡i †nvK Avi Awd‡mi evB‡iB †nvK, †h‡Kv‡bv e¨emvwqK
wgwUs GLb †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vwcZ nq| ZvB Avgv‡`i‡K PgrKvi †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡b Af¨¯Í n‡Z n‡e|
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb¸‡jv wb‡Ri evbv‡bv n‡Z n‡e| G‡Z K‡i †cÖ‡R‡›UkbwU `k©K‡`i mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb Kiv Ges
cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb KivUv mnR n‡q hvq| †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq Qwe, wfwWI Ges Z_¨wfwËK PvU©
e¨envi Kiæb hv‡Z GUv Dc‡fvM¨ n‡q I‡V|

Kbwd¬± g¨v‡bR‡g‡›U `¶Zv _vKv

we‡kl K‡i wUg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ GB ¸YwU _vKv evÃbxq| Z‡e mvaviYZ †h‡Kv‡bv †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨
A‡bK mgq Kbwd¬± g¨v‡bR‡g‡›Ui `iKvi c‡o| Kbwd¬± ev Ø›Ø gv‡bB wKš‘ SMov gvivgvwi bq, A‡bK
mgq g‡Zi Awgj _vKvi Kvi‡YB cy‡iv Awd‡m kxZj jovB ev VvÐvhy× Pj‡Z _v‡K, hv Kg©cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨
†gv‡UI fv‡jv bq| ZvB GKRb fv‡jv KwgDwb‡KU‡ii GB ¸YwUI _vK‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡g Ø›Ø wPwýZ Ki‡Z

c„ôv- 175
 n‡e, Zvici †mUv fv‡jvfv‡e n¨v‡Ûj Ki‡Z Rvb‡Z n‡e| fv‡jv wUg wjWviiv A‡bK mgq wgwUs‡qi Av‡MB
Kbwd¬‡±i Avfvm †c‡q hvb, d‡j †mUv wb‡q KvR Kiv mnR nq| Kbwd¬± g¨v‡bR Ki‡Z n‡e mZZvi mv‡_,
KviI cÖwZ c¶cvwZZ¡ Kiv hv‡e bv| Z‡eB †mUv Kvh©Ki n‡e|

I‡cb wgwUs‡qi Av‡qvRb Kiv

AvbyôvwbK wgwUs gv‡bB me Kg©xi cwicvwU Ges mshZ Dcw¯’wZ| G ai‡bi cwi‡e‡k me wel‡q mevi mv‡_
†Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq bv| ZvB †Kv¤úvwbi †fZ‡i gv‡S gv‡S I‡cb wgwUs‡qi Av‡qvRb ivL‡Z
n‡e| I‡cb wgwUs‡q mevB †Lvjv‡gjv K_v ej‡Z cv‡ib, wb‡R‡`i gZvgZ Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| Gi d‡j
Kg©x‡`i mgm¨v¸‡jv AviI Kv‡Q †_‡K mgvavb Kiv hvq| Avi Kg©x‡`i fv‡jvjvMv bv jvMv¸‡jvI Rvbv
hvq| G¸‡jv Zv‡`i K¨vwiqvi weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i|

cwRwUf ewW j¨v½y‡qR

me mgq cwRwUf ewW j¨v½y‡qR envj ivLvi †Póv Kiæb| BwZevPK ewW j¨v½y‡qR ev kixix fvlv Avcbvi
cÖ‡dkbvj K¨vwiqv‡ii Rb¨ †hgb Riæwi, †Zgwb Avcbvi e¨w³MZ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨I Riæwi| BwZevPK
kixix fvlv Avcbvi g¨v‡mR A‡b¨i Kv‡Q `ªæZ Ges mwVKfv‡e †cuŠQv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| wU‡gi mv‡_
K‡_vcK_‡bi mgq Gi e¨envi Kiæb| Zv‡`i mv‡_ n¨vÛ‡kK Kiæb, †Pv‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q K_v ejyb,
cÖ‡qvR‡b `uvwo‡q K_v ejyb wKsev GKUz nvwmgy‡L K_v ejyb| G¸‡jvB Avcbvi †hvMv‡hvM‡K AviI cÖvYešÍ
K‡i Zzj‡Z h‡_ó|

gb Ly‡j cÖksmv Kiæb

†Kv¤úvwbi †fZ‡ii Kg©x‡`i fv‡jv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cyi¯‹vi w`b Ges gb Ly‡j Zv‡`i cÖksmv Kiæb| Avcwb
Avcbvi Kg©x‡`i hZ cÖksmv Ki‡eb Zviv Avcbvi Rb¨ ZZ wb‡ew`Z n‡q KvR Ki‡eb| my‡hvM †c‡jB
Zv‡`i mgq I kÖ‡gi Rb¨ Zv‡`i ab¨ev` w`b|

mnR mij fvlvi e¨envi

me‡k‡l †h welqwU gv_vq ivL‡eb Zv n‡jvÑ me mgq hZUv m¤¢e mnR mij fvlvq †hvMv‡hvM Kivi †Póv
Ki‡eb| wjwLZ †hvMv‡hvM wKsev †gŠwLK K‡_vcK_b, †hvMv‡hv‡Mi aib †hgbB †nvK bv †K‡bv mnR-mij
I mvejxj fvlv mevi bRi Kv‡o| me‡P‡q gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv, Dc‡iv³ welq¸‡jvi Abykxjb Avcwb
†hw`b †_‡K ïiæ Ki‡eb †mw`b †_‡KB Gi dj †c‡Z _vK‡eb| GB Aa¨v‡qi ïiæi w`‡K †hgbUv e‡jwQ,
B-Kgvm© †m±‡ii g‡Zv WvqbvwgK GKwU cø¨vUd‡g© wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb ˆZwi Ki‡Z PvB‡j Avcbvi KwgDwb‡Kkb
ev †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zvi Dbœqb Ki‡ZB n‡e| ZvB Avi GKw`bI †`wi bq, AvR †_‡KB †nvK ïiæ|

176-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-42

B-Kgv‡m© K…wÎg eyw×gËvi cÖ‡qvM

K…wÎg eyw×gËv n‡jv KgwcDUvi weÁv‡bi Ggb GKwU kvLv, †hLv‡b gvby‡li eyw×gËv I wPšÍvkw³‡K K…wÎg
Dcv‡q cÖhyw³wbf©i K‡i h‡š¿i gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb Kiv nq| Aeva Z_¨cÖhyw³i wWwRUvj GB hy‡M wek¦Ry‡o
me‡P‡q Av‡jvwPZ welqwUi bvg Lye m¤¢eZ K…wÎg eyw×gËv ev AvwU©wdwkqvj B‡›Uwj‡RÝ| hvi msw¶ß iƒc
GAvB| K…wÎg eyw×gËv ev GAvB wbwðZfv‡eB cÖhyw³we‡k¦i Kv‡Q me‡P‡q AvKvw•ÿZ †UK‡bvjwR| Avgiv
GB Aa¨v‡q B-Kgvm© †m±‡i K…wÎg eyw×gËvi bvbvwea e¨envi †`Le Ges GB cÖhyw³ Avgv‡`i‡K AviI Kx
Kx myweav w`‡Z cv‡i Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie| Gi c~‡e© Avgv‡`i‡K B-Kgv‡m©i mv‡_ K…wÎg eyw×gËvi m¤úK©
Ges B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z K…wÎg eyw×gËvi ¸iæZ¡ KZUzKz, Zv ms‡¶‡c †R‡b wb‡Z n‡e|

B-Kgvm© Ges K…wÎg eyw×gËv

B-Kgvm© †m±iwU Z_¨cÖhyw³i mv‡_ mivmwi hy³ nIqvq GLv‡b K…wÎg eyw×gËvi cÖ‡qvM ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB
cÖZ¨vwkZ| wek¦Ry‡o B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z BwZg‡a¨B K…wÎg eyw×gËvi cÖ‡qvM ïiæ n‡q †M‡Q| AbjvBb
†KbvKvUv I gv‡K©wUs‡q GAvB‡qi e¨envi GLb ¯^vfvweK welq n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| cÖwZ gyn~‡Z©B mywbw`©ó
†fv³vi wbKU mywbw`©ó c‡Y¨i weÁvcb P‡j hv‡”Q|
GKwU D`vniY w`‡jB e¨vcviwU cwi®‹vi n‡q hv‡e| aiæb, Avcwb GKwU Kwd †gKvi †Kbvi K_v fve‡Qb|
fv‡jv eª¨v‡Ûi Ges Avcbvi cQ‡›`i wWRvB‡bi cY¨wU †Kbvi Av‡M Avcwb wKQy Kwd †gKv‡ii †LuvRLei
wb‡Z PvB‡jb| AbjvB‡b `vgmn Avcbvi Ab¨vb¨ Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wewfbœ Kwd †gKvi †gwkb †`‡L wKQyUv

c„ôv- 177
 aviYv wb‡jb| Gici hv NU‡e Zv Avcbv‡K AevK K‡i †`‡e| †mvk¨vj wgwWqv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i AbjvBb
wewfbœ cø¨vUd‡g© hLbB Avcwb wePiY Ki‡eb Avcbvi mvg‡b Kwd †gKvi ev GB-welqK bvbv weÁvcb
Avm‡Z _vK‡e| G‡¶‡Î Avcwb Kwd †gKvi †gwk‡bi cvkvcvwk fv‡jv Kwd wg·v‡ii weÁvcb †c‡Z
cv‡ib| Avevi wKQy †¶‡Î Pv †gKvi ev Pv Kwd K¤^vBÛ †gKv‡ii weÁvcbI †c‡Z cv‡ib|
GB †h Avcbvi Pvwn`v ey‡S Avcbvi mvg‡b weÁvcb cvVv‡bv n‡”Q, GUvB GK ai‡bi K…wÎg eyw×gËv|
†Lqvj Kiæb, Avcwb wKš‘ Avcbvi Pvwn`vi K_v †Kv‡bv gvbyl wKsev †Kv¤úvwb‡K Rvbvbwb| wKš‘ Avcbvi
cY¨ mvP© Kivi Dci wfwË K‡i †mB wi‡j‡UW c‡Y¨i weÁvcb Avcwb †c‡Z _vK‡eb| B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ªi
Ggb A‡bK RvqMvq K…wÎg eyw×gËv n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i Acwinvh©|

B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z K…wÎg eyw×gËvi ¸iæZ¡

B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z Avcwb hLbB cv ivL‡eb wVK †mB gyn~Z© †_‡KB Avcwb GKwU Db¥y³ gvwëKvjPvivj
cø¨vUd‡g© cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb| GLv‡b Kv÷gvi ev †µZviv wewfbœ eq‡mi, wewfbœ †ckvi, wewfbœ GjvKvi, GgbwK
wewfbœ †`‡kiI n‡q _v‡Kb Ges GBme †µZvi Pvwn`vI evnvwi| †KD Kg `v‡gi cY¨ †Luv‡Rb, †KD †ewk
`v‡gi cY¨ †Luv‡Rb, †KD `vwg eª¨v‡Ûi cY¨ †Luv‡Rb, †KD †h‡Kv‡bv eª¨v‡Ûi c‡Y¨B KvR Pvwj‡q †bb, †KD
GKwU eª¨v‡Ûi jvj Kvjv‡ii cY¨ cQ›` K‡ib †Zv †KD Avevi †mB c‡Y¨iB Kv‡jv Kvjv‡ii Rb¨ gwiqv
n‡q I‡Vb|
Kv÷gvi‡`i Ggb nvRviUv Pvwn`vi mv‡_ AvcbvK cÖwZw`b wWj Ki‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ ai‡bi †µZv‡`i Ggb
wfbœ wfbœ cQ›` Avi Pvwn`v _vKv k‡Z©I cÖwZwU †µZvB wKš‘ Avcbvi Kv‡Q Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
KviY GKRb GKRb K‡i †µZvi Pvwn`v Ges cQ›`‡K gv_vq †i‡LB Avcwb nvRviUv †µZv ˆZwi Ki‡eb|
GB Kv÷gviiv Zv‡`i cQ›` Ges Pvwn`v Abyhvqx AbjvB‡b wewfbœ †cÖvWv± †Luv‡Rb| Aciw`‡K AbjvBb
gv‡K©Uviiv Kv÷gvi‡`i †KbvKvUvi BwZnvm, †cÖvWv± †LuvRvi BwZnvm BZ¨vw` AvPiY ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i
Zv‡`i Kv‡Q wb‡R‡`i †cÖvWv‡±i gv‡K©wUs K‡i _v‡Kb|
Avi GLv‡bB K…wÎg eyw×gËv ev GAvB‡qi cÖ‡qvM me‡P‡q Riæwi| GKevi fveyb †Zv, GB †h GZ GZ
Kv÷gvi, Zv‡`i Avevi bvbvb ai‡bi Pvwn`v Avi cQ›` i‡q‡Q| GB mewKQy GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi
c‡¶ mvgvj †`qv A‡bK KwVb| Avi Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb ch©vß `¶ I wb‡ew`Z Kg©x| mwZ¨ ej‡Z eZ©gvb
mg‡q ïaygvÎ †jvKej wb‡qvM w`‡q †h‡Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi c‡¶ Gme wKQy g¨v‡bR K‡i Kvw•ÿZ mvdj¨
AR©b Kiv cÖvq Am¤¢e| A_P GKwU K…wÎg eyw×gËvm¤úbœ mdUIq¨vi ev †iveU GB mgm¨vi mnR mgvavb
G‡b w`‡q‡Q|
mvgvb¨ GKwU mdUIq¨vi B-Kgvm©wfwËK †h‡Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi j¶-†KvwU WvUv wb‡q w`b-ivZ K¬vwšÍnxbfv‡e
KvR K‡i †h‡Z cv‡i| †hLv‡b Avcbvi `¶Zv Ges wbfz©jZv wb‡q cÖkœ _vKvUv ¯^vfvweK, †mLv‡b GAvB
e¨env‡i GB cÖkœ cÖvq †bB| K…wÎg eyw×gËv wbfz©j Ges wbijmfv‡e Avcbvi cÖwZôv‡bi me Z_¨-DcvË
msMÖn Ki‡e| ïay ZvB bq, Avcwb PvB‡jB †mBme WvUv wb‡q M‡elYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib, gv‡K©wUs‡qi Kv‡R
e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib, cÖPvi cÖPviYvq e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib BZ¨vw`|
mnR K_vq, K…wÎg eyw×gËv ev GAvB GLb Avi ïay mv‡qÝ wdKkb wm‡bgv Ges M‡elYvMv‡ii welq bq|
K…wÎg eyw×gËv GLb Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi A‡bK cÖ‡qvR‡bi mv‡_ wg‡k †M‡Q| hvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg
GKwU cÖ‡qvRb n‡jv B-Kgvm©| Gevi Avgiv B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z K…wÎg eyw×gËvi bvbvgyLx e¨envi ms‡¶‡c
†`‡L †beÑ

178-c„ôv
†µZv ev MÖvnK‡Kw›`ªK mvP©
B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z Kv÷gvi‡`i †cÖvWv± ev †mev †LuvRvi welqwU‡K cÖwZwbqZ AviI MÖvnK‡Kw›`ªK K‡i
†ZvjvUvB K…wÎg eyw×gËv ev GAvB‡qi cÖv_wgK I cÖavbZg cÖ‡qvM| mnR K_vq, Kv÷gvi‡f‡` †cÖvWv±
mv‡R÷ Kivi myweav nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq G‡b w`‡q‡Q K…wÎg e„w×gËv| GLb c„w_exi cÖvq cÖwZwU Kv÷gvi‡KB
†Møvevj Kv÷gvi g‡b Kiv nq| †h‡Kv‡bv Kv÷gvi †h‡Kv‡bv RvqMv †_‡K, †h‡Kv‡bv mgq Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxq
cY¨ ev †mev µq Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GLb GKRb Kv÷gvi hw` Zvi GjvKv, KvjPvi, fvlv, eqm, mgq,
cQ›`, Pvwn`v BZ¨vw` Abyhvqx cY¨ ev †mevi mvP© †iRvë †`L‡Z cvb Zvn‡j †mB Kv÷gv‡ii Rb¨ welqwU
AZ¨šÍ mnR n‡q hvq| aiæb, Avcwb evsjv‡`‡k e‡m ivwkqvb GKwU weL¨vZ Dcb¨v‡mi †LuvR Ki‡Qb|
†Kv‡bv eªvDRv‡i mvP© Kivi ci Avcbvi †`k, mywbw`©ó †jv‡Kkb, fvlv, mgq, mvP© Kiv welqwUi aib, Kx
ai‡bi wKIqvW© w`‡q mvP© K‡i‡Qb Zvi aib BZ¨vw` WvUv msi¶Y K‡i ivLv nq| GLv‡bB †kl bq, Gici
Avcwb wbðqB Avcbvi †cÖvWv±wU †c‡Z GKwU MÖnY‡hvM¨ B-Kgvm© mvB‡U cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb| GB B-Kgvm©
mvBwU Avevi Avcbvi bvg, eqm, †RÛvi, †jv‡Kkb, †cÖvWv± ev †mevi aib, KZ UvKv Avcwb LiP Ki‡Z
Pvb ev Avcbvi cÖvBR †iÄ, †cÖvWv± †Wmwµckb Ack‡b Avcbvi e¨q Kiv mgq, wi‡j‡UW †Kvb ai‡bi
c‡Y¨ Avcwb wK¬K Ki‡Qb BZ¨vw` me wKQyB msi¶Y K‡i iv‡L| mnR K_vq, B-Kgvm© mvBUwU‡Z cÖ‡ek
Kivi ci †_‡K Avcbvi cÖwZwU wK¬K WvUv AvKv‡i Avcbvi †cÖvdvB‡j Rgv co‡Z _v‡K|
Gfv‡e B›Uvi‡b‡U Avgv‡`i cÖvq cÖwZwU c`PviYv WvUv AvKv‡i †Kv_vI bv †Kv_vI msiw¶Z n‡Z _v‡K|
Gici Avcwb hLbB IB B-Kgvm© mvBUwU‡Z hv‡eb ZLb Avcbvi Av‡Mi mvP© Kivi BwZnvm ev wnw÷ª
Abyhvqx cY¨ ev †mevi weÁvcb Avcbvi mvg‡b Avm‡Z _vK‡e| GB †hgb Avcwb ivwkqvb †h Dcb¨vm
Lyu‡R‡Qb ev wK‡b‡Qb, wVK †mB Dcb¨v‡mi †jL‡Ki Ab¨ †Kv‡bv eB Avcbvi mvg‡b Avm‡Z cv‡i, ivwkqvb
weL¨vZ AviI eB Avcbvi mvg‡b Avm‡Z cv‡i, Avcwb hw` Abyev` MÖš’ wK‡b _v‡Kb Zvn‡j Ab¨ Abyev`
MÖš’ Avcbvi mvg‡b Avm‡Z cv‡i, ivwkqvb †mB †jL‡Ki Dci evsjv‡`‡ki KviI †jLv †Kv‡bv eyK wiwfD
Avcbvi mvg‡b Avm‡Z cv‡i, GgbwK c„w_exi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †`‡ki weL¨vZ †jLK‡`i eBI Avcbvi mvg‡b
Avm‡Z cv‡i|
cwi®‹vi †evSv hv‡”Q, mvgvb¨ GKwU mv‡P©i †iRvë KZUv MÖvnK‡Kw›`ªK K‡i †ck Kiv m¤¢e| Avi GB
B›Uvi‡b‡U wePiY Kiv cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K Avjv`v Avjv`v GK GKwU ¯^Zš¿ Kv÷gvi wn‡m‡e wPwýZKi‡Yi
¸iæ`vwqZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q K…wÎg eyw×gËv ev GAvB‡qi Dci|

A¨vWfvÝ wfRy¨qvj mvP© BwÄb

mvaviYfv‡e wPšÍv Ki‡j ÔwfRy¨qvj mvP©Õ n‡jv Qwe w`‡q mvP© Kivi myweav| gv‡b Avcbvi Kv‡Q hw` †Kv‡bv
†cÖvWv‡±i Qwe ev wfRy¨qvj _v‡K Zvn‡j Avcwb †mUv w`‡q mivmwi mvP© w`‡Z cvi‡eb| †mB Qwei †cÖvWv‡±i
g‡Zv ev wi‡j‡UW †cÖvWv± Avcbvi mvP© †iRv‡ëi mvg‡b P‡j Avm‡e|
K…wÎg eyw×gËv‡K e¨envi K‡i GwU‡K AviI DbœZ K‡i B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv ixwZg‡Zv
nBPB †d‡j w`‡q‡Q| GLb Kv÷gviiv Lye mn‡RB Zv‡`i cQ‡›`i mwVK cY¨wU Ly‡u R †c‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Gi
Rb¨ Zv‡K Avjv`vfv‡e c‡Y¨i Kvjvi, wWRvBb, mvBR, †kc, eª¨vÛ BZ¨vw` wj‡L BbcyU †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
weL¨vZ d‡Uv †kqvwis mvBU wc›Uv‡i÷ 2017 mv‡ji ïiæi w`‡K A¨vWfvÝ wfRy¨qvj mvP© BwÄb Pvjy K‡i|
G‡Z K‡i MÖvnK I‡q‡e cvIqv †h‡Kv‡bv Qwe e¨envi K‡i cY¨ mvP© w`‡Z cv‡ib Ges Gi Rb¨ Zv‡`i‡K
wc›Uv‡i‡÷i I‡qemvB‡U cÖ‡ek KiviI †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb †bB|

c„ôv- 179
 f‡qm A¨vwm÷¨vÝ
f‡qm A¨vwm÷¨vÝ †UK‡bvjwR B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z bZzb GK m¤¢vebvi `yqvi Ly‡j w`‡q‡Q| GB †UK‡bvjwR
Avgv‡`i K_v‡K †U·U ev †jLvq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Avgv‡`i †h‡Kv‡bv cÖ‡kœi Reve w`‡Z cv‡i| Av‡iKUv
¸iæZ¡cY~ © w`K n‡jv, GB †mev Avgiv †c‡Z cvwi 24 NÈv| GLb Avi Kv÷gvi‡K c‡Y¨i bvg ev weeiY UvBc K‡i
wj‡L Rvbv‡Z n‡e bv, gy‡L ej‡jB mvB‡U _vKv wbw`©ó cY¨wU mvg‡b P‡j Avm‡e| GgbwK c‡Y¨i †Kv‡bv mywbw`©ó
¸Yv¸Y m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ZI f‡qm A¨vwm÷¨v‡Ýi mvnvh¨ †bqv hv‡e| GKwU D`vniY †`qv hvKÑ
aiæb, Avcwb GKwU j¨vcUc wKb‡eb Ges `ywU KvQvKvwQ UvB‡ci j¨vcUc evQvB K‡i †dj‡jb| GLb
Avcwb `ywU wbw`©ó eª¨v‡Ûi j¨vcU‡ci g‡a¨ ¸YMZ cv_©K¨ Rvb‡Z Pvb| nq‡Zv Avcwb Rvb‡Z Pvb †Kvb
j¨vcU‡c BDGmwe †cvU© KZwU? GB †h †cÖvWv±wUi eª¨vÛ ev g‡Wj a‡i †LuvR Kiv Ges cQ‡›`i cY¨wU evQvB
K‡i †mUvi ¸YMZ gvb Rvb‡Z PvIqv, GB cy‡iv cÖwµqvwU A¨vWfvÝ f‡qm A¨vwm÷¨vÝ †UK‡bvjwR Øviv
m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e| †hUv Av‡M Avcbv‡K UvBc K‡i wj‡L Rvbv‡Z n‡Zv ev wewfbœ mvB‡U wM‡q †LuvRLei K‡i
Rvb‡Z n‡Zv †mUv GLb gy‡L e‡jB m¤úbœ Kiv hv‡”Q|
BwZg‡a¨ Bwmwi, ¸Mj bvD Ges A¨v‡j·vi f‡qm A¨vwm÷¨vÝ e¨env‡ii AwfÁZv A‡b‡Ki n‡q †M‡Q|
G‡`i g‡a¨ GB cÖhyw³‡K me‡P‡q fv‡jvfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡”Q wek¦weL¨vZ B-Kgvm© mvBU A¨vgvRb, †hUv
GLb A¨vgvRb A¨v‡j·v ev ms‡¶‡c ïay A¨v‡j·v bv‡g mycwiwPZ| K…wÎg eyw×gËv‡K e¨env‡ii gva¨‡gB
wek¦e¨vcx Kv÷gvi‡`i †KbvKvUvq Af‚Zc~e© GB cwieZ©b m¤¢e n‡”Q|

¯^qswµq cY¨ weeiYx

†cÖvWv± †Wmwµckb ev cY¨ weeiYx B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ Acwinvh© GKwU Ask| cÖvq me †µZvB Zv‡`i
cY¨ †Kbvi Av‡M GB AskwU fv‡jvfv‡e c‡ob| ZvB †QvU-eo cÖwZwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i cY¨ weeiYx
†jLvi Kv‡R GK`j `¶ Kg©x wb‡qvM †`q| Zv‡`i KvRB n‡jv cÖwZwbqZ c‡Y¨i weeiY Avc‡WU Kiv|
GB KvRwU n‡Z nq wbfz©j| AZ¨šÍ `¶Zvi mv‡_ mgq Dc‡hvMx K‡i †µZv‡`i mvg‡b cÖwZwbqZ Zv Zz‡j
ai‡Z nq, hv †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB e¨qeûj n‡q `uvovq| Avi G Kvi‡YB GB Kv‡R K…wÎg eyw×gËvi cÖ‡qvRb|
GLb K…wÎg eyw×gËv‡K e¨envi K‡i NÈvq NÈvq †cÖvWv‡±i weeiY Avc‡WU Kiv m¤¢e| GUv ïaygvÎ
Kwc‡c‡÷i g‡a¨ Avi mxgveÜ †bB, GAvB GLb †h‡Kv‡bv †cÖvWv± ev c‡Y¨i Avc‡WU Bbdi‡gkb msMÖn
K‡i my›`i GKwU weeiY †µZv‡`i mvg‡b Zz‡j ai‡Z m¶g hv †µZv‡K AvK…ó K‡i| B-Kgvm© mvBUwU bZzb
†Kv‡bv Advi ev Z_¨ †hvM Ki‡j †mwUI ¯^qswµqfv‡e Avc‡WU n‡q hvq| GgbwK K…wÎg eyw×gËv e¨envi
K‡i †h‡Kv‡bv cY¨ ev †mevi Dci Kb‡U›UI ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e|

AviI mywbw`©ó Ges eyw×gvb AbymÜv‡bi my‡hvM

†µZv‡`i cY¨ †LuvRv ev mvP© KivB n‡jv AbjvBb k‡ci `iRvq cÖ‡ek Kiv| ZvB mvwe©Kfv‡e aiv nq, †µZviv
AbjvB‡b hZ †ewk cY¨ ev †mev mvP© Ki‡eb B-Kgvm© LvZ ZZ †ewk we¯Ívi jvf Ki‡e| ZvB †µZv‡`i mvP© Kivi
AwfÁZv fv‡jv nIqvUv Riæwi| Avi AwfÁZv ZLbB fv‡jv n‡e hLb †µZviv mn‡RB Zv‡`i cQ‡›`i cY¨ ev
†mevi †LuvR †c‡q hv‡eb| ZvB AbjvBb `ywbqvq B‡›Uwj‡R›U mvP© ev eyw×gvb AbymÜvb GLb me‡P‡q Riæwi|
K…wÎg eyw×gËv ev GAvB GB Pvwn`vI c~iY K‡i‡Q| GAvB cÖwZwU e¨enviKvix ev Kv÷gv‡ii AbjvBb AvPi‡Yi
†iKW© iv‡L Ges cieZ©x‡Z †mB WvUv Kv‡R jvwM‡q AviI mywbw`©ó I eyw×gvb AbymÜv‡bi my‡hvM K‡i †`q|
†hgbÑ

180-c„ôv
GAvB Avgv‡`i B›Uvi‡bU eªvDwRs‡qi BwZnvm Rv‡b Ges †m Abyhvqx Avgv‡`i cQ›` I Pvwn`v aviY K‡i
mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb K‡i| GAvB Rv‡b †Kvb †µZv me©‡kl †Kvb wRwbmwU wK‡bwQ‡jb ev Lyu‡RwQ, †mUvI WvUv
AvKv‡i msiw¶Z| GAvB †mvk¨vj wgwWqvq †µZv‡`i c`PviYv †`‡L wVK Ki‡Z cv‡i Zviv Kx cQ›` Avi
Kx cQ›` K‡ib bv| K…wÎg eyw×gËv GB WvUv¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i †h mvP© †iRvë Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb
K‡i, †mUv GZUvB mywbw`©ó n‡q D‡V †h †mUv‡K A‡bKUv e¨w³MZ mvP© †iRvë g‡b nq|

¯^qswµq Iq¨vinvDR
K…wÎg eyw×gËvi cÖ‡qvM ïaygvÎ I‡qemvBU m¤úwK©Z welq¸‡jv‡Z mxgve× †bB, GwU GLb Iq¨vinvDR¸‡jv‡K
¯^qswµqKi‡YI f‚wgKv ivL‡Q| †hLv‡b Av‡M Iq¨vinvDR g¨v‡bRv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb n‡Zv, †mLv‡b GLb
GAvBm¤úbœ †iveU mewKQy wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q| ZvI Avevi 24/7 NÈv †Kv‡bviKg weiwZ QvovB| KZwU cY¨
wewµ n‡jv, KZwU cY¨ gRy` Av‡Q, bZzb †Kvb cY¨ Kx cwigvY gRy` Ki‡Z n‡e BZ¨vw` mewKQyB GKwU
Iq¨vinvDR †iveU mdUIq¨vi wbfz©jZvi mv‡_ m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Iq¨vinvDR A‡Uv‡gkb Iq¨vinvDR
g¨v‡bR‡g‡›U bZzb w`MšÍ Ly‡j w`‡”Q, hv B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Rb¨ weivU mymsev`|

GKUz e¨wZµgag©x wKš‘ m¤¢vebvgq Uv‡M©U wPwýZ Kiv

B-Kgvm© e¨emvq Ggb A‡bK w`K Av‡Q †h¸‡jv e¨wZµgag©x nIqvq Kg cÖwZôvb †m¸‡jv wb‡q KvR
Ki‡Q| Ab¨fv‡e wPšÍv Ki‡j †m¸‡jv Lyu‡R †ei KivI GKUv P¨v‡jÄ| K…wÎg eyw×gËv Avgv‡`i‡K †m my‡hvM
nv‡Zi bvMv‡j G‡b w`‡q‡Q| GAvB e¨envi K‡i m~² Ges wewPÎ WvUv msi¶Y Kiv hvq, †h¸‡jv bZzb wjW
†Rbv‡ik‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|
D`vniY wn‡m‡e wek¦L¨vZ d‡Uv †Kbv‡ePvi mvBU M¨v‡UB‡g‡Ri K_v ejv hvq| Zviv K…wÎg eyw×gËv e¨envi
K‡i †R‡b‡Q, †Kvb †Kvb mvBU Zv‡`i cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i †_‡K B‡gR wb‡q mvBU mvwR‡q‡Q| Gici Zviv GB
e¨wZµgag©x wjW wb‡q KvR ïiæ K‡i|

AviI Kvh©Ki cÖwµqv wba©viY Kivi my‡hvM

B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Rb¨ AviI Kvh©Ki wecYb e¨e¯’v wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i K…wÎg eyw×gËv|
weµqKg©x‡`i cÖPwjZ weµq †KŠkj¸‡jvi evB‡i wM‡q bZzb bZzb †KŠkj ˆZwi Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i GAvB|
Av‡M †hLv‡b Kv÷gvi wj÷ a‡i †dvb w`‡q gv‡K©wUs Kiv n‡Zv, GLb †mLv‡b Kv÷gvi‡`i nq‡Zv GKUv
A‡Uv‡Rbv‡i‡UW KzBR ev cÖkœ cvwV‡q †`qv nq| Gici †mB cÖ‡kœi Dˇii Dci wfwË K‡i Kv÷gvi fvM
Kiv nq| †k‡l GK GKwU fv‡Mi Rb¨ GK GK ai‡bi weµq cÖwµqv wba©viY Kiv nq|

P¨vU eU myweavi eûgvwÎK e¨envi

P¨vU eU n‡jv GKwU KgwcDUvi †cÖvMÖvg, †hUv B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvix gvbyl‡`i mv‡_ ¯^qswµqfv‡e
K‡_vcK_b Ki‡Z m¶g| B-Kgvm© e¨emvi mv‡_ RwoZ cÖvq mevB GB †cÖvMÖvg m¤ú‡K© Kg‡ewk Rv‡bb|
24/7 NÈv Kv÷gvi‡`i P¨vU eU mv‡cvU© w`‡Z cv‡i GB †cÖvMÖvg| †µZv‡`i Kgb wKQy cÖ‡kœi Reve BbcyU
K‡i GB KvRwU Kiv nq|
GLb GB P¨vU eU myweavi mv‡_ GAvB hy³ n‡q GwUi AviI eûgvwÎK e¨envi ïiæ n‡q‡Q| P¨vU e‡U GLb
AW©vi g¨v‡bR Kiv hvq, Kv÷gvi †dmey‡K Kv‡b± _vK‡j mivmwi g¨v‡mÄv‡ii gva¨‡g AW©vi †bqv hvq,
GgbwK P¨vU e‡U kwcs KvU© mshy³ Kiv hvq|

c„ôv- 181
 †dK wiwfD wbqš¿Y
M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, hviv wiwfD c‡ob Zv‡`i kZKiv 90 fvM †µZv cwRwUf wiwfD c‡o cY¨ µ‡qi
wm×všÍ †bb| Avi kZKiv 86 fvM †µZvi Dci †b‡MwUf wiwfD cÖfve †d‡j, hv‡`i †ewkifvMB cY¨
µ‡qi wm×všÍ †_‡K m‡i Av‡mb| Zvn‡j †evSvB hv‡”Q B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ c‡Y¨i wiwfD KZUv ¸iæZ¡
enb K‡i| GLb GB wiwfD hw` †dK nq! hw` †KD ev Kviv B”QvK…Zfv‡e wbw`©ó GKwU eª¨v‡Ûi †cÖvWv‡±i
†dK wiwfD w`‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j? K…wÎg eyw×gËv e¨envi K‡i GB †dK wiwfD wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e|

bKj cY¨ wPwýZKiY

mywekvj GB B-Kgvm© BÛvw÷ª‡Z Avmj Avi bKj cY¨ wba©viY Kiv LyeB KwVb n‡q co‡Q, hv GB BÛvw÷ªi
Rb¨ ûgwK¯^iƒc| wKš‘ Avkvi K_v n‡”Q, †dK wiwfD wPwýZ Kivi cvkvcvwk K…wÎg eyw×gËv Øviv bKj
cY¨I wPwýZ Kiv m¤¢e| bKj cY¨, †Kvb eª¨v‡Ûi c‡Y¨i ûeû †iwcøKv Ges †eAvBwb cY¨ wPwýZKi‡Y
GAvB e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q|

mvBevi wmwKDwiwU
K…wÎg eyw×gËv A¨vWfvÝ †j‡f‡ji mvBevi wmwKDwiwU cÖ`v‡b mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖPwjZ wmwKDwiwU
e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ GAvB hy³ K‡i Kv÷gvi‡`i WvUvi myi¶v weavb Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î †h myweav¸‡jv cvIqv
hvqÑ
GAvB †h‡Kv‡bv KvVv‡gve× wKsev A‡MvQv‡jv Drm †_‡K WvUv A¨vbvjvBwmm Ki‡Z cv‡i|
GAvB hZ †ewk WvUv wb‡q KvR K‡i ZZ †ewk wmwKDwiwU †_ªU wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
GAvB mvaviY wmwKDwiwU e¨e¯’v †_‡K cÖvq 60 ¸Y `ªæZ †imcÝ Ki‡Z m¶g|

B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs‡q GAvB‡qi e¨envi

fvPz©qvj †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Avw` gva¨g B-†gBj| B-Kgvm© mvBU¸‡jvi †cÖvWv± gv‡K©wUs‡qi Rb¨ B-†gBj
gv‡K©wUs hLb wejyßcÖvq ZLb GAvB bZzb c_ †`Lv‡”Q|
B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs AviI cÖvYešÍ n‡q DV‡Q|
GAvB e¨envi K‡i mwVK Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q mwVK B-†gBj †`qv hv‡”Q|
GAvB Kv÷gv‡ii mwVK cQ›` wba©vi‡Y mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q, d‡j Zvi Kv‡Q wbw`©ó c‡Y¨i weÁvcb cvVv‡bv
hv‡”Q|
Kv÷gv‡ii wdWe¨v‡Ki Dci wbf©i K‡i gv‡K©wUs‡q mg‡qvc‡hvMx cwieZ©b Avbv m¤¢e n‡”Q| B-Kgvm©
BÛvw÷ªi Rb¨ K…wÎg eyw×gËv GK wekvj m¤¢vebvi bvg| eZ©gv‡b B-Kgvm© †h cø¨vUd‡g© `uvwo‡q †mLvb
†_‡K GKwU eo jvd †`qvi my‡hvM G‡b w`‡q‡Q K…wÎg eyw×gËv| ZvB B-Kgvm© Lv‡Z mvwe©Kfv‡e
K…wÎg eyw×gËv ev GAvB‡qi eûgyLx cÖ‡qvM GLb mg‡qi e¨vcvi gvÎ|

182-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-43

G›UvicÖvBR wi‡mvm© cø¨vwbs

G›UvicÖvBR wi‡mvm© cø¨vwbs ev e¨emvi wi‡mvm© cwiKíbv n‡jv GK ai‡bi AZ¨vaywbK mdUIq¨vi, †hUv
†Kv‡bv e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi cÖvZ¨wnK Ges mvgwMÖK KvRKg©¸‡jv‡K GKwU GKK wm‡÷‡gi AvIZvq wb‡q
Av‡m| g~jZ GKwU †Kv¤úvwb ev e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi g~j LvZ¸‡jv †hgbÑ dvBb¨vÝ, A¨vKvDw›Us, gvbem¤ú`,
Drcv`b, mvcøvB †PBb, wewfbœ †mev, cÖwKDi‡g›U, weµq, Kv÷gvi wi‡jkbwkc g¨v‡bR‡g›U, Bb‡f›Uwi,
gv‡K©wUs BZ¨vw`‡K mdUIq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g GK GKwU wm‡÷‡gi AvIZvq G‡b cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| ms‡¶‡c
G‡K BAviwc wm‡÷g e‡j|
BAviwc wm‡÷g ïaygvÎ †Kv¤úvwbi wewfbœ Lv‡Zi wnmve-wbKvk ivLvi Kv‡RB e¨envi nq bv, eis GwU
GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi wewfbœ Lv‡Zi g‡a¨ WvUv mieivn wbwðZ K‡i| d‡j †h‡Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi Af¨šÍixY
LvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvwaZ nq| GB Aa¨v‡q Avgiv B-Kgvm© Lv‡Z Kxfv‡e BAviwc wm‡÷g‡K Kv‡R
jvMv‡bv hvq Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie|

B-Kgvm© e¨emv Ges BAviwc wm‡÷g

GKwU mdj B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡ÎI G›UvicÖvBR wi‡mvm© cø¨vwbs ev BAviwc wm‡÷g mgvbfv‡e Kvh©Ki|
BAviwc wm‡÷‡gi gva¨‡g gvSvwi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i e„nr B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi wi‡mvm© g¨v‡bR‡g›U Ges
Af¨šÍixY me Kvh©µ‡gi cwimsL¨vb WvUv AvKv‡i wWwRUvwj msiw¶Z ivLv nq| we‡kl K‡i eo eo
B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb¸‡jv BAviwc wm‡÷‡gi myweav †ewk †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| †QvU †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jvI BAviwc

c„ôv- 183
 †_‡K jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Zv‡`i Rb¨ LiP GKwU eo P¨v‡jÄ n‡q `uvovq| Z‡e B-Kgvm© †h‡nZz GKwU
wWwRUvj cø¨vUdg©, ZvB GB †m±‡ii mv‡_ BAviwc wm‡÷‡gi mgš^q mvab Kiv AviI †ewk Riæwi| cÖwZwU
B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb‡K cY¨ gRy` †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cY¨ ev †mev †Wwjfvwi ch©šÍ A‡bK¸‡jv avc cvwo w`‡Z
nq| †hgbÑ
cY¨ gRy`,
cY¨ mieivnKvixi ZvwjKv ivLv,
cY¨ µq-weµ‡qi wnmve,
†Kvb cY¨ KZUzKz gRy` Av‡Q Zvi wnmve ivLv,
wkc‡g›U,
cY¨ †Wwjfvwi,
†c‡g›U wm‡÷g,
Kv÷gvi‡`i Z_¨ nvjbvMv` ivLv,
AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U,
gvbem¤ú` BZ¨vw`|
GKwU B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwbi GZ ai‡bi Z_¨ g¨vbyqvwj msi¶Y Kiv Ges bvbv cÖ‡qvR‡b Kv‡R jvMv‡bv mwZ¨B
KwVb GKwU KvR| ZvB B-Kgvm© †m±‡i BAviwc wm‡÷g GBme Z_¨‡K GKwU wm‡÷‡gi AvIZvq wb‡q
Av‡m Ges cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †m¸‡jv e¨env‡ii myweav cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| cvkvcvwk GB Z_¨ Kv‡R jvwM‡q
cÖwZôv‡bi Avq-e¨q Ges ev‡RU wba©viY Kiv hvq|

BAviwc wm‡÷g Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i

BAviwc wm‡÷g g~jZ GKwU †m›Uªvj WvUv‡eR ˆZwi K‡i, †hLv‡b †Kv¤úvwbi cÖvq me Kg©xi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi
_v‡K| GB WvUv‡eR GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi †hme Z_¨ msi¶Y K‡i iv‡L †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
MÖvnK‡`i Z_¨,
mieivnKvix‡`i Z_¨,
cY¨ ev †mev,
AW©vi msµvšÍ Z_¨,
Pvjvb msµvšÍ Z_¨,
†c‡g›U Bbdi‡gkb,
Kg©x‡`i Z_¨|
GB mywekvj Z_¨fvÐvi e¨envi K‡i BAviwc wm‡÷g GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ bvbvwea myweav G‡b w`‡Z
cv‡i| †hgbÑ
GKwU BAviwc wm‡÷g MÖvnK‡`i KvQ †_‡K AW©vi wb‡Z cv‡i, Avw_©K †iKW© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i,
cÖwZwU weµq †k‡l Bb‡f›Uwi †mKkb‡K Avc‡WU Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †µZv‡`i †_‡K cÖvß AW©vi
g¨v‡bR Ki‡Z Kx cwigvY Kg©x jvM‡Z cv‡i Zvi GKwU Abygvbwbf©i wPÎI Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡i|

184-c„ôv
 Gm‡ei cvkvcvwk BAviwc wm‡÷g¸‡jv B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwbi Af¨šÍixY Kvh©µg †hgbÑ wecYb ev
gv‡K©wUs, Drcv`b, A¨vKvD›U g¨v‡bR‡g›U, Dbœqb I M‡elYv Ges Kv÷gvi wi‡jkb g¨v‡bR‡g›U BZ¨vw`
†_‡K mwVK I wbfzj© Z_¨ wb‡q msi¶Y K‡i| c‡i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †m¸‡jv we‡kølYI K‡i _v‡K|
BAviwc mdUIq¨vi ev¯Íevq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avcbvi B-Kgvm© I‡qemvBUwU AviI myweb¨¯Í Ges
myk„•Ljfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z _vK‡e|
me‡P‡q eo K_v, BAviwc wm‡÷‡gi d‡j cÖwZwU MÖvnK Zv‡`i cÖwZwU †jb‡`b cÖwµqvi mv‡_ Avc‡WU
_vK‡Z cv‡ib|
GKwU †QvÆ D`vniY w`‡jB BAviwc Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i Zv cwi®‹vi n‡q hv‡e| aiæb, AbjvB‡b GKRb
MÖvnK Zvi Kv‡U© GKwU AvB‡Ug hy³ Ki‡jb| Gici wZwb mvBU †_‡K †ei n‡q P‡j †M‡jb| GLb BAviwc
mdUIq¨vi hv Ki‡eÑ
mv‡_ mv‡_B †mB MÖvnK‡K GKwU Kbdvi‡gkb B-†gBj †cÖiY Ki‡e|
Avcbvi Bb‡f›Uwi †_‡K AW©vi Kiv AvB‡UgwUi Z_¨ nvjbvMv` Ki‡e|
cY¨wU wkwcs‡qi Rb¨ †j‡ej ˆZwi K‡i †dj‡e|
BAviwc mdUIq¨viwU MÖvnK‡K GKwU AW©vi Uª¨vwKs B-†gBj †cÖiY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cY¨ †Wwjfvwi †`qvi ci GB weµq †_‡K KZ jvf n‡jv Zv †`Lv‡e Ges †m Abyhvqx †Kv¤úvwbi mvwe©K
jvf-¶wZi Z_¨I Avc‡WU K‡i †b‡e|
Gfv‡eB GKwU BAviwc wm‡÷g GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi cÖwZwU Lv‡Zi mv‡_ mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

BAviwc wm‡÷‡gi myweavmg~n

GKwU BAviwc wm‡÷g e¨envi Kivi d‡j †hme myweav Avgiv †c‡Z cvwiÑ

evwYwR¨K `¶Zv e„w× K‡i

BAviwc wm‡÷g Avgv‡`i e¨emvi m~² w`K¸‡jv wbfz©jfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i| d‡j Avgv‡`i e¨emvi
bvbv w`K m¤ú‡K© AviI fv‡jvfv‡e Rvbv hvq Ges mwVK wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv mnR nq|

Drcv`b evovq
†Kv¤úvwbi Af¨šÍixY `¶Zv e„w×i Kvi‡Y Kg©x‡`i Drcv`bkxjZv e„w× cvq| d‡j mvwe©Kfv‡e †Kv¤úvwbi
Drcv`b †e‡o hvq|

Drcv`b e¨q Kgvq

cÖwZwU Lv‡Zi Z_¨ GKwU †m›Uªvj WvUv‡e‡R _vKvi Kvi‡Y †Kv¤úvwbi A‡bK ai‡bi e¨q K‡g hvq| GQvov
GB wm‡÷g cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j g¨vbyqvj A‡bK KvR ¯^qswµqfv‡e m¤úvw`Z nq| †hgbÑ Kv÷gvi‡`i Kv‡Q
B-†gBj cvVv‡bv| d‡j Drcv`b e¨q K‡g hvq|

jv‡fi cwigvY ev‡o

wewfbœ Lv‡Z evwYwR¨K `¶Zv e„w×i Kvi‡Y LiP wKQyUv K‡g Ges jv‡fi cwigvY ev‡o|

c„ôv- 185
 SzuwK Kgvq
e¨emvi mKj Lv‡Zi mwVK Z_¨ cÖwZw`b nv‡Zi bvMv‡j _vKvq fzj wm×všÍ †bqvi m¤¢vebv K‡g hvq| Avi
†h‡Kv‡bv bZzb c`‡¶c †bqvi †¶‡Î GB Z_¨fvÐvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|

Kg©x‡`i AvBwU mv‡cvU©

BAviwc wm‡÷g B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©x‡`i GKwU †m›Uªvj WvUv‡eR e¨env‡ii myweav cÖ`vb K‡i| d‡j
Zviv Lye mn‡RB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ AvBwU mv‡cvU© †c‡q _v‡Kb|

Rbkw³
Kg Rbkw³ w`‡q †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbv Kivi my‡hvM G‡b †`q| wKQy KvR GB wm‡÷‡gi Kvi‡Y A‡UvgvBR
n‡q hvq|

Kv÷gvi wi‡jkb e„w×

Kv÷gvi‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq †gBj cÖ`vb Ges Zv‡`i e¨w³MZ †cÖvdvBj ˆZwi Kivi Kvi‡Y cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Avjv`vfv‡e
¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| GQvov cwi”Qbœ B-Kgvm© mvBU Ges fv‡jv mvwf©m Kv÷gviiv cQ›` K‡i _v‡Kb|

Kv‡Ri MwZ Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i

wewfbœ B‡jKUªwbK wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g e¨emv cwiPvjbvi my‡hvM K‡i †`q BAviwc wm‡÷g| Avcwb PvB‡j
GKwU †gvevBj wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g Avcbvi e¨emvi cÖwZwU Avc‡WU †c‡Z cvi‡eb| kvixwiKfv‡e Awd‡m
bv _vK‡jI me Avcbvi bR‡i _vK‡e|

AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U
BAviwc wm‡÷g AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g‡›U Af‚Zc~e© cwieZ©b G‡b w`‡q‡Q| †cÖvWv± Bb‡f›Uwi‡Z Av‡Q wK-bv Zv
wbwðZ Kiv, PgrKvi †cÖvWv± wiUvb© e¨e¯’vcbv Ges AW©vi nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_B wkwcs cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡q hvIqv
BZ¨vw` Kv÷gvi‡`i AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U‡K K‡i Zzj‡Q mnR Ges wbfz©j|

AvšÍR©vwZK gvb wbwðZ K‡i

GKwU fv‡jv BAviwc wm‡÷g Avcbvi mvBU‡K GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK gvbm¤úbœ mvB‡U cwiYZ Ki‡e|

GKwU wek¦¯Í Z_¨fvÐvi

me‡k‡l Avevi GKwU †m›Uªvj WvUv‡e‡Ri K_v bv ej‡jB bq| GwU n‡e Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi me‡P‡q wek¦¯Í
Z_¨-evZvqb| GLv‡b Avcwb †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨‡K kZfvM wek¦vm Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kxfv‡e eyS‡eb Avcbvi e¨emvi Rb¨ GKwU BAviwc mdUIq¨vi cÖ‡qvRb

Av‡MB e‡jwQ eo eo †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv BAviwc wm‡÷‡gi AvIZvq wb‡R‡`i wb‡q Avm‡Q| Avcwb ZLbB
eyS‡eb †h Avcbvi GKwU BAviwc mdUIq¨vi cÖ‡qvRb hLb wb‡Pi NUbv¸‡jv Avcbvi e¨emvi mv‡_ NU‡eÑ
Avcwb Avcbvi w`‡bi †ewkifvM mgq e¨emvi bvbv Kv‡R e¨¯Í _vK‡Qb|

186-c„ôv
 ZviciI e¨emvwqK A‡bK †gBj, †dvbK‡ji Reve w`‡Z cvi‡Qb bv|
Avcbvi wb‡Ri e¨emvi me Z_¨ Avcwb Rv‡bb bv|
Avcbvi e¨emv gvwëP¨v‡bjwfwËK wKš‘ cwiPvwjZ nq g¨vbyqvwj|
Avcwb mgq ¯^íZv I mwVK wm×všÍnxbZvi Kvi‡Y weR‡bm AciPzwbwU wgm Ki‡Qb| Gme NUbv NU‡j
g‡b Ki‡eb Avcbvi cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ GKwU BAviwc wm‡÷g cÖ‡qvRb|

B-Kgv‡m©i Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi BAviwc mdUIq¨vi

wb‡P B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ fv‡jv Ggb K‡qKwU BAviwc mdUIq¨v‡ii †LuvR †`qv n‡jvÑ
IivKj BAviwc K¬vDW
IivKj BAviwc K¬vDW GKwU K¬vDWwfwËK A¨vwcø‡Kkb| GwU cÖKí cwiPvjbv, SzuwK e¨e¯’vcbv Ges
cÖwKDi‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ wWRvBb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB A¨vwcø‡Kk‡bi gva¨‡g Awek¦vm¨ A¨vKvDw›Us cwiPvjbv KivI
m¤¢e| IivKj BAviwc K¬vD‡W A‡bK ai‡bi Uzjm ev miÄvg i‡q‡Q hv Kv÷gvi‡`i AW©vi Ges mvwf©m
wbwðZKiY, MÖvnK‡`i mv‡_ fv‡jv m¤úK© Ges †Kv¤úvwbi jwRw÷‡·i Dci m¤ú~Y© wbqš¿Y eRvq ivL‡Z
mnvqZv K‡i|

GGmwc mdUIq¨vi
GGmwc BAviwc n‡jv Rvg©vb ms¯’v GmGwcGmBi GKwU mdUIq¨vi, hv e¨emvi g~j Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv
Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU cY¨ µq I jwRw÷K mv‡cvU©, cY¨ Drcv`b I cwiKíbv, MÖvnK‡`i‡K †KvqvwjwU mvwf©m
cÖ`vb, weµq e„w× Ges me Avw_©K wnmve-wbKvk‡K ¯^qswµq K‡i †Kv¤úvwbi e¨q Kgv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

†bU myBU BAviwc

†bU myBU BAviwc mdUIq¨vi AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U, Bb‡f›Uwi g¨v‡bR‡g›U, dvBb¨vÝ Ges wewjs cwiPvjbv
Kivi Rb¨ fv‡jv| GwU B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ †÷v‡i G‡fB‡jej cY¨ m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ †hgbÑ †÷v‡i Kx
cwigvY cY¨ gRy` Av‡Q, Kx ai‡bi cY¨ gRy` Av‡Q BZ¨vw`i wi‡qj UvBg WvUvi wfwˇZ cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi
Ki‡Z cv‡i| GQvov †bU myBU BAviwc B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jvi Kv÷gvi‡`i AvPiY, Ae¯’vb, wcÖq cY¨
BZ¨vw`i Z_¨ †c‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

I‡cb eªv‡fv BAviwc

I‡cb eªv‡fv GKwU K¬vDWwfwËK cø¨vUdg© hv AW©vi g¨v‡bR‡g›U, gv‡P©ÛvBwRs, Bb‡f›Uwi g¨v‡bR‡g›U, †÷vi
Acv‡ikb, cÖwKDi‡g›U, jwRw÷Km Ges A¨vbvwjwUK‡mi mv‡_ mswkøó KvR¸‡jv m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K|
GwU µxov cY¨, B‡jKUªwbKm cY¨, AvmevecÎ I Ni mvRv‡bv, Lv`¨mvgMÖx BZ¨vw` wb‡q e¨emv K‡i Ggb
cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e wWRvBb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

IqvbAvc
IqvbAvc †QvU B-Kgvm© e¨emvqx‡`i Rb¨ wek¦e¨vcx GKwU wbLyuZ mgvavb| GwU A¨vKvDw›Us, Pvjvb
e¨e¯’vcbv, wmAviGg Ges Bb‡f›Uwii mv‡_ mswkøó welq¸‡jv‡K ¯^qswµqfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kivi myweav
cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|

c„ôv- 187
 Aa¨vq-44

B-Mfb©¨vÝ Ges B-Kgvm©

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Mfb©¨vÝ A_©vr B‡jKUªwbK Mfb©¨v‡Ýi gva¨‡g aviYv jvf|
B-Mfb©¨v‡Ý RbMY, mykxj mgvR, †emiKvwi LvZ Ges iv‡óªi miKvwi †mev, miKvwi cÖkvmb I
MYZ‡š¿i g‡a¨ Kx K‡i Z_¨ I cÖhyw³MZ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i †m m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K Rvb‡eb

B-Mfb©¨vÝ m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK aviYv|
B-Kgv‡m©i mv‡_ B-Mfb©¨v‡Ýi m¤úK©|

B-Mfb©¨vÝ
BD‡b‡¯‹vi g‡Z, Mfb©¨vÝ n‡”Q †mB kvmbe¨e¯’v †hLv‡b ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK Ges cÖkvmwbK ¶gZv
e¨envi K‡i GKwU †`k‡K cwiPvjbv Kiv nq Ges bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi mywbwðZ Kiv nq| Avi B-Mfb©¨vÝ
n‡”Q B‡jKUªwbK gva¨‡g miKv‡ii ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK Ges cÖkvmwbK me Kvh©vewj m¤úbœ Kivi GKwU
cÖwµqv| Gi d‡j miKvwi cÖkvm‡bi Kvh©vewj¸‡jv `¶Zv, `ªæZZv Ges ¯^”QZvi mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z nq Ges
bvMwiKiv mn‡RB Zv‡`i Z_¨ AwaKvi cvb| B-Mfb©¨v‡Ýi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q miKvi, RbMY Ges e¨emv

188-c„ôv
LvZ‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kiv Ges kvmbe¨e¯’v‡K mevi mvg‡b mnRfv‡e Zz‡j aiv| Gi Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q
B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g mykvm‡b mnvqZv Ges Zvi DbœwZ mvab Kiv| cvkvcvwk †`‡ki ¯’vbxq
I RvZxq ch©v‡q mKj cÖKvi A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK Ges cÖkvmwbK KvR mwVKfv‡e m¤úv`b Kivi †¶‡Î
B-Mfb©¨v‡Ýi f‚wgKv Abb¨| Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g miKvi, RbmvaviY, e¨emv
cÖwZôvb wZbwU As‡ki g‡a¨ mgš^q Kiv m¤¢e|

miKvi I kvm‡bi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM (wR2wR)

wR2wR n‡”Q Mfb©‡g›U Uz Mfb©‡g›U| `ªæZ Ges wbivc` AvšÍtivóªxq miKvwi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ wR2wR
wm‡÷g e¨envi Kiv nq|

miKvi I e¨emvi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM (wR2we)

wR2we n‡”Q Mfb©‡g›U Uz weR‡bm| A_©vr †`‡ki miKvi Ges e¨emv cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi (RvZxq Ges AvšÍR©vwZK)
g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM Kivq GB wm‡÷g e¨envi Kiv nq|

miKvi I bvMwiK‡`i g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM (wR2wm)

†`‡ki miKvi bvMwiK‡`i mv‡_ †h‡Kv‡bv mg‡q `ªæZ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡`i †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
cv‡i wR2wmi gva¨‡g| wR2wm ej‡Z †evSvq Mfb©‡g›U Uz wmwU‡Rb|

miKvi I Kg©Pvix‡`i g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM (wR2B)

wewfbœ miKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvixiv G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ `ªæZ †hvMv‡hvM Ges Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mgš^q e„w× Ki‡Z
cv‡i wR2Bi gva¨‡g| wR2wmBi dzj dg© n‡”Q Mfb©‡g›U Uz Ggcøwq|

miKvwi ms¯’vmg~‡ni Kvh©¶gZv e„w×

GB wm‡÷‡gi gva¨‡g miKv‡ii wewfbœ cÖwZôvb Av‡iv `ªæZ †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡`i g‡a¨ mgš^q
e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i|

B-Kgvm©
B-Kgvm© A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb Ae evsjv‡`‡ki (B-K¨ve) g‡ZÑ B‡jKUªwbK Kgvm© ev B-Kgvm© ev B-evwYR¨
GKwU evwYR¨‡¶Î, †hLv‡b †Kv‡bv B‡jKUªwbK wm‡÷‡gi (B›Uvi‡bU ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv KgwcDUvi †bUIqvK©)
gva¨‡g cY¨ ev †mev µq/weµq n‡q _v‡K|

B-Kgv‡m©i cÖKvi‡f`
e¨emv-†_‡K-e¨emv (we2we)
GB wm‡÷‡gi gva¨‡g GKwU e¨emvqx cÖwZôvb †_‡K Av‡iKwU e¨emvqx cÖwZôvb B-Kgv‡m©i gva¨‡g cY¨
wK‡b Ges Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q wewµ K‡i|

c„ôv- 189
 e¨emv-†_‡K-MÖvnK (we2wm)
GB B-Kgvm©wU m¤úvw`Z nq e¨emv cÖwZôvb I MÖvn‡Ki g‡a¨| A_©vr MÖvnK B-Kgv‡m©i gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv
cÖwZôvb †_‡K cY¨ ev †mev wK‡bb| me‡P‡q †ewk †jb‡`b n‡q _v‡K GB cÖKv‡i|

e¨emv-†_‡K-miKvi (we2wR)
miKvi Ges e¨emvqx cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ GB B-Kgvm© mvwaZ nq| AbjvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ ivóªxq †Kbv‡ePv,
jvB‡mÝ msµvšÍ Kvh©vewj, Ki cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` we2wRi D`vniY|

e¨emv-†_‡K-Kg©x (we2B)
e¨emv cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Kg©xiv wbR¯^ B-Kgv‡m©i gva¨‡g †jb‡`bmn wewfbœ KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib GB
B-Kgv‡m©i gva¨‡g|

e¨emvwqK cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©¶gZv e„w×

AbjvB‡b †jb‡`b, cY¨ I †mev wewµi d‡j e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi †mev cÖ`v‡bi ¶gZv e„w× cvq Ges Av‡iv
`ªæZ evRvi we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i| B-Kgvm© Ges Mfb©¨v‡Ýi g~j cv_©K¨ Mfb©¨v‡Ýi gva¨‡g miKvi AbjvB‡b
wewfbœ †mev cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K Ges B-Kgv‡m©i gva¨‡g e¨emvwqK cÖwZôvb¸‡jv †jb‡`b K‡i _v‡K| ej‡Z
†M‡j B-Mfb©¨vÝ Ges B-Kgvm© GKB gy`ªvi GwcV IwcV| GKwU †`‡k B-Mfb©¨vÝ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Zvi
AvBwmwU AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb Kiv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| Avevi AvBwmwU AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb Ki‡j GKB mv‡_
B-Kgv‡m©i we¯ÍviI NU‡e| ZvB B-Kgvm© Ges B-Mfb©¨vÝ G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ| GKwUi
e„w× NU‡j Ab¨wUiI e„w× NU‡e| Avi ZvB eZ©gvb miKvi wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k MV‡b PviwU wel‡q †Rvi
w`‡q‡QÑ B-Mfb©¨vÝ, `ªæZMwZi B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Rb¨ Kv‡bw±wfwU, `¶ gvbem¤ú‡`i Dbœqb I wkíLv‡Zi
cÖmvi| Gme †¶‡Î Dbœqb wbwðZ Kiv †M‡j evsjv‡`‡k B-Kgv‡m©i Dbœqb NU‡e bxi‡e|

190-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-45

AdjvBb gv‡K©wUs
B-Kgvm© weR‡bm †h‡nZz AbjvBb‡Kw›`ªK, ZvB Gi cÖ‡gvkbI †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB AbjvBb‡Kw›`ªK n‡q
_v‡K| wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs B-Kgv‡m©i GKwU eo RvqMv Ry‡o i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ ïay AbjvBbwfwËK bq, †Kv¤úvwb
Ges c‡Y¨i cÖ‡gvk‡bi Rb¨ A‡bK mgq AdjvBb gv‡K©wUsI Kiv n‡q _v‡K| AvR GLv‡b Avgiv B-Kgvm©
e¨emvi K‡qKwU AdjvBb gv‡K©wUs AvBwWqv m¤ú‡K© Rvbe|

UªvsK †kv
g~jZ wWRvBbvi Ges †fÛiiv GB ai‡bi †kv¸‡jv K‡i _v‡Kb| †nv‡Uj, †Kv‡bv evmv ev †Kv‡bv †`vKv‡b
GB ai‡bi †kv¸‡jv Kiv nq| UªvsK †kv‡Z Kv÷gvi‡`i mvg‡b mivmwi cY¨mg~n wWm‡cø Kiv nq Ges
c‡Y¨i ¸Yv¸Y m¤ú‡K© Kv÷gvi‡`i Rvbv‡bv nq|

†UªW †kv
wewfbœ ai‡bi †UªW †kvÕi gva¨‡g bZzb †Kv‡bv cY¨ m¤ú‡K© Kv÷gvi‡K mivmwi Rvbv‡bv hvq| ZvQvov Gme
†UªW †dqv‡i GKB mv‡_ †hgb Kv÷gv‡ii m‡½ js Uvg© wi‡jkb ˆZwi nq, †Zgwb A‡bK e¨emvqxi mv‡_I
cwiwPZ nIqv hvq| B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv Gme †UªW †kvÕi gva¨‡g wewfbœ Kv÷gvi †c‡q _v‡K| cvkvcvwk
Zviv Zv‡`i I‡qemvBU, †mvk¨vj wgwWqv †c‡Ri weÁvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i| cieZ©x‡Z wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡q GB
cÖ‡gvkb¸‡jv Kvh©Kix f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| aiæb, Gme †UªW †kv †_‡K †Kv‡bv Kv÷gvi wKQyB wKb‡jb bv|

c„ôv- 191
 wKš‘ wZwb Avcbvi †dmeyK †c‡Ri bvg ï‡b ivL‡jb Ges jvBK w`‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi
gva¨‡g evievi Zvi Kv‡Q Avcbvi c‡Y¨i cÖ‡gvkb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges my`~i fwel¨‡Z Zv‡K Kv÷gvi
wn‡m‡eI cwiYZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

ccAvc kc
iv¯ÍvNv‡U A¯’vqx kc †`qv ev †Kv‡bv wcKAvc ev Uªv‡Ki g‡a¨ †`vKvb ˆZwi K‡i c‡Y¨i cÖ‡gvkb KivB g~jZ
ccAvc kc| Gme kc c_Pvix‡`i mn‡RB `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i Ges Avcbvi B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwbi cÖwZ AvMÖnx
n‡q I‡V| wbw`©ó mg‡qi †Kv‡bv Adv‡ii Rb¨ GB ccAvc kc¸‡jv †ek Kvh©Kix| A‡b‡KB Adv‡ii cÖwZ
AvKwl©Z n‡q GB ccAvc kc¸‡jv †_‡K cY¨ wK‡b †d‡jb|

wcÖ‡›UW g¨v‡Uwiqvjm
hw`I B-KvW© A_ev wWwRUvj †cv÷vi w`‡qB wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs Kiv m¤¢e wKš‘ AdjvBb gv‡K©wUs‡qi Rb¨
KvW©, wjd‡jU A_ev †cv÷vi wcÖ›U K‡i gvby‡li nv‡Z nv‡Z wewj Kivi Kvh©KvwiZv GLbI i‡q‡Q| ZvB
cÖPwjZ GB wcÖ‡›UW wRwbm¸‡jvI AdjvBb gv‡K©wUs‡qi †¶‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
GQvov wb‡R‡`i m„RbkxjZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q Avcwb AdjvBb gv‡K©wUs‡qi Rb¨ wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv AvBwWqv
wµ‡qU Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

192-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-46

wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs
GKwU †cÖvWv± ev mvwf©m (cY¨ ev †mev) cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb P¨v‡jÄ n‡jv
†fv³vi Kv‡Q Zv †cuŠ‡Q †`qv| Avi weÁvcb g~jZ GB KvRwUB K‡i| †Kv‡bv cY¨ evRv‡i bZzb G‡j
A_ev †Kv‡bv cY¨ Aí `v‡g wewµ n‡j †mB msev`mg~n weÁvcbB Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`q| wjd‡jU,
†eªvwkqvi, †cv÷vi, msev`cÎ, †iwWI wKsev wUwf GmeB n‡”Q Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q c‡Y¨i cÖmvi NUv‡bvi
Rb¨ cÖPwjZ weÁvcb gva¨g| wesk kZvãx‡Z G‡m Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi †e‡o hvIqvi mv‡_
mv‡_ weÁvc‡bi aviYvUvI cv‡ë †M‡Q| weÁvc‡bi gva¨g¸‡jv GLb P‡j G‡m‡Q Avgv‡`i c‡K‡U| †mB
mv‡_ weÁvcb`vZv‡`i Pvwn`viI wekvj cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| GLb weÁvcb cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡`i Kv‡Q
i‡q‡Q ¸Mj, wewfbœ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvMgva¨g, BDwUDe, wewfbœ ai‡bi A¨vcm, GmGgGm Ges B-†gBj|
B›Uvi‡bU‡K e¨envi K‡i c‡Y¨i GB weÁvcb KivB wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi
M‡elYv cÖwZôvb MvU©bv‡ii †`qv Z_¨ Abymv‡i 2014 mv‡j we‡k¦i wewfbœ cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i †gvU ivR¯^
Av‡qi 10.2 kZvsk e¨q K‡i‡Q weÁvc‡bi †cQ‡b| GB ev‡R‡Ui GK-Z…Zxqvsk e¨q n‡qwQj ïay wWwRUvj
gv‡K©wUs‡q| 2013 mv‡ji Zzjbvq 2014 mv‡j wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi ev‡RU 16.1 kZvsk e„w× †c‡qwQj,
2014 mv‡ji Zzjbvq 2015 mv‡j 10 †_‡K 11 kZvsk e„w× †c‡qwQj Ges 2016 mv‡j wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs
wQj gv‡K©Uvi‡`i cQ‡›`i kx‡l© Ggb Z_¨B Rvwb‡q‡Q GB evRvi M‡elYv cÖwZôvbwU| wmGgI KvDw݇ji
Z_¨ Abyhvqx 2018 mv‡ji g‡a¨ B›Uvi‡bU A¨vWfvU©vBwRs‡qi evRvi n‡e 194.5 wewjqb Wjvi, hv cÖvq
wUwf weÁvc‡bi KvQvKvwQ Ges GB mg‡q B›Uvi‡bU A¨vWfvU©vBwRs‡qi Mo cÖe„w× n‡e 10.7 kZvsk|
aviYv Kiv n‡”Q 2020 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 86 kZvsk weÁvcb n‡e wWwRUvj wWm‡cø‡Z|

c„ôv- 193
 gv‡K©wUs m¤ú‡K© aviYv
gv‡K©wUs‡qi kvwãK A_© n‡jv evRviRvZKiY ev wecYb e¨e¯’v| Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ mwVK wecYb e¨e¯’v cÖYq‡bi
gva¨‡g cY¨`ªe¨ I †mevmvgMÖxi wewµ evov‡bv| cvkvcvwk wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ avivevwnKfv‡e
gybvdv wbwðZ Kiv| A‡bK L¨vwZgvb gv‡K©Uv‡ii msÁv Abyhvqx, gv‡K©wUs GK ai‡bi Pjgvb cÖwµqv,
hv †fv³vi Pvwn`v Ges †RvMv‡bi gv‡S GK wfbœ gvÎv †hvM K‡i| gv‡K©wUs‡qi gva¨‡g GKRb gv‡K©Uvi
Zvi †Kv¤úvwbi cY¨`ªe¨ I †mevmvgMÖx-welqK Z_¨vewj Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q AvKl©Yxq Dcv‡q Dc¯’vcb K‡i
_v‡Kb, hv Zv‡`i wbw`©ó cY¨ ev †mev †Kbvi Rb¨ gvbwmKfv‡e AvMÖnx K‡i Zz‡j| GQvov gv‡K©wUs‡qi
gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡`i Kv÷gv‡ii mv‡_ `xN©Kvjxb m¤úK© ˆZwi K‡i _v‡K|

wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs
wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs n‡”Q †mB wecYb hv cY¨‡K cy‡ivcywi B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqv A_ev B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g
mivmwi Uv‡M©U Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`q| eZ©gv‡b eûj e¨eüZ I MÖnY‡hvM¨ wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi wecYb
gva¨g¸‡jv n‡jvÑ ¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m, †mvk¨vj wgwWqv gv‡K©wUs, GmBI, B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs, GmGgGm
gv‡K©wUs, Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs, wbk I‡qemvBU gv‡K©wUs BZ¨vw`| eZ©gv‡b cÖvq me evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb wWwRUvj
gv‡K©wUs‡qi cÖwZ †ewk AvMÖnx n‡q DV‡Q| KviY, GwU AwaK Kvh©Ki Ges Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e LiPI Kg|

†K‡bv wWwRUvj gv‡K©wU?

eZ©gvb hyM wWwRUvj hyM| Avcwb c„w_ex‡Z evm Ki‡Qb wWwRUvj cÖhyw³i gv‡S, †mB wnmv‡e Avcbvi
e¨emvI wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi gva¨‡g Ki‡Z n‡e| wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs hLb wQj bv, ZLb gvbyl e¨envi
KiZ msev`cÎ, wUwf, †iwWImn cÖf…wZ gva¨g| Gm‡ei gva¨‡gB gvbyl †LuvR †c‡Zb bZzb c‡Y¨i| Z‡e
mg‡qi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ e`‡j †M‡Q †mB wecY‡bi aib| msev`c‡Îi RvqMv `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Q
wewfbœ AbjvBb wgwWqv| d‡j weÁvcb`vZvivI Gw`‡K Szu‡K co‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb|
wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs MZvbyMwZK wecYb c×wZi Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk mvkÖqx| †mvk¨vj wgwWqv, ¸Mj
A¨vWIqvW©m, B-†gBj wKsev GmGgGm gv‡K©wUs‡q GKwU wUwf weÁvcb ev msev`c‡Îi weÁvc‡bi †P‡q
Zzjbvg~jK LiP A‡bK Kg|
G Qvov wWwRUvj wgwWqv weÁvc‡b c„w_exi †h‡Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍ eûmsL¨K m¤¢ve¨ †µZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv m¤¢e|
wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi cÖwZwU avc I ch©vq Avcwb cwigvc Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †Kvb wWwRUvj wgwWqv †_‡K
Kx cwigvY wfwRUi Avm‡Qb? KZRb cÖwZw`b wiP n‡”Qb? KZRb jvBK w`‡”Qb? I‡qemvB‡U KZRb
cÖwZw`b wfwRU Ki‡Qb? †Kvb j¨vwÛs †c‡R wfwRU Ki‡Qb? A_©vr wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi cÖwZwU Kvh©µg
cwigvc‡hvM¨| A_P cÖ_vMZ weÁvc‡bi GwU †evSvi Dcvq †bB| msev`c‡Î †`qv weÁvcbwU Av‡`Š KZ
Kv÷gvi †`L‡Qb †m wnmve ivLvi †Kv‡bv c×wZ †bB| wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi gva¨‡g Avcwb AwP‡iB †mUv
†R‡b hv‡eb Ges eyS‡Z cvi‡eb Avcbvi weÁvcb †`qv Avm‡jB mv_©K n‡q‡Q wK-bv! Avm‡jB Kv÷gvi
†`L‡Qb wK-bv! I‡qemvB‡U hZ †ewk wiP Kb‡U›U, †cÖvWv± M¨vjvwi Ges PgrKvi †cÖvWv± wiwfD _vK‡e,
ZZ Avcbvi cY¨ ev mvwf©m my›`i n‡q DV‡e| Avcwb hw` mvgvwRK wgwWqvi gva¨‡g MÖvnK‡`i I m¤¢ve¨
MÖvnK‡`i mv‡_ hy³ _v‡Kb Ges Zvr¶wYKfv‡e Zv‡`i cÖ‡kœi DËi †`b, Zvn‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Av¯’v M‡o
Zzj‡Z cvi‡eb| Avi ZLb Zviv Avcbvi mvgwqK †µZv †_‡K n‡q DV‡eb ¯’vqx †µZv|

194-c„ôv
wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gva¨g
¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m
¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m GKwU AbjvBb weÁvcb †mev gva¨g hv w`‡q ¸Mj GKwU wbw`©ó Pv‡R©i wewbg‡q wewfbœ
cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvcb AbjvB‡b cÖPvi K‡i| ¸Mj A¨vW‡m‡Ý A¨vW w`‡Z PvB‡j cÖ_‡g wKIqvW© wm‡j±
Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici ev‡RU wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e, A¨vW ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges me‡k‡l weW Ki‡Z n‡e|
Gi d‡j cÖvq 90 kZvs‡kiI †ewk B›Uvi‡bU BDRv‡ii Kv‡Q Avcbvi A¨vW †cuŠ‡Q hv‡e| Avi welqwU
¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©‡mi gva¨‡g Rvbv hv‡e Abvqv‡m| Kviv weÁvcb †`L‡Qb, KLb †`L‡Qb Ges †Kv_v †_‡K
†`L‡Qb, me Z_¨B| Avevi †KD hw` A¨vW †`‡Lb, wKš‘ w¯‹c K‡i P‡j hvb, Zvn‡j Gi Rb¨ A_© w`‡Z
nq bv|

¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©‡mi weÁvc‡bi aib

mvP© †bUIqvK©, wfwWI K¨v‡¤úBb, kwcs K¨v‡¤úBb, BDwbfvm©vj A¨vc K¨v‡¤úBb|

†mvk¨vj wgwWqv gv‡K©wUs

†mvk¨vj †bUIqvwK©s I‡qemvBU I B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g †h wecYb e¨e¯’v †bqv nq, Zv‡KB †mvk¨vj wgwWqv
gv‡K©wUs e‡j| eZ©gv‡b c„w_exi cÖvq 3.81 wewjqb gvbyl †mvk¨vj wgwWqvq hy³| Giv cÖwZwbqZB †dmeyK,
UzBUvi, ¸Mj cøvm, wj¼WBb, wc›Uv‡i÷ I Bb÷vMÖvg e¨envi Ki‡Qb|

GmBI
AbjvB‡b †h‡Kv‡bv wKQy Lyu‡R cvIqvi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq wewfbœ mvP© BwÄb| mvP© †iRv‡ë GwM‡q bv
_vK‡j †Kv‡bv cY¨ mn‡R gvby‡li Kv‡Q cwiwPwZ cvq bv| GRb¨ mvP© †iRv‡ë wb‡Ri I‡qemvBU, cY¨ ev
†mev mevi mvg‡b ev Dc‡i Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ †h c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq, Zv n‡jv mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb
GmBI|
GKwU I‡qemvB‡U wfwRU‡ii msL¨v evov‡bvi Rb¨ GmBI e¨envi nq| GKwU I‡qemvBU Zvi wbw`©ó wKQy
wKIqv‡W©i gva¨‡g Zv‡`i cÖ‡gvU K‡i _v‡K| hLb †Kv‡bv e¨w³ †mme wKIqvW© w`‡q I‡qemvBU mvP© K‡i
_v‡Kb, ZLbB †mB wbw`©ó I‡qemvBUwU Zvi mvP© Bwćbi wWm‡cø‡Z G‡m c‡o| Gfv‡e I‡qemvB‡U hZ
wfwRUi nq Zvi Ici wbf©i K‡i I‡qemvB‡Ui i¨vswKs wba©vwiZ nq|

B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs
B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs n‡”Q GKwU AbjvBb gv‡K©wUs c×wZ, hvi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv cY¨ ev †mevi cÖPvi Kiv nq|
Gi gva¨‡g wbw`©ó I m¤¢ve¨ †fv³vi B-†gBj A¨vKvD‡›U wbw`©ó cY¨ I †mevmvgMÖxi cwic~Y© Z_¨ B-†gBj
Kiv nq| GB B-†gBj‡K †fv³vi wbKU AvKl©Yxqfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ GK ai‡bi †Ug‡cøU e¨envi
Kiv nq hv ÔB-†gBj †Ug‡cøUÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
mvaviYZ B-†gBj¸‡jv‡Z weÁvc‡bi wj¼, I‡qemvB‡Ui wj¼, †Wv‡bkb wj¼, BDwUDe wj¼ BZ¨vw` _v‡K|
eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki †QvU-eo AmsL¨ cÖwZôvb GB c×wZi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i Avq I wewµ evwo‡q Zzj‡Q|

c„ôv- 195
 GmGgGm gv‡K©wUs
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mnRjf¨Zv I gvby‡li e¨¯ÍZv evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ gv‡K©wUs GLb P‡j G‡m‡Q gvby‡li c‡K‡U|
†gvevBj GmGgG‡mi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU cY¨ ev †mevi Z_¨ Lye mn‡RB gvby‡li c‡KU ch©šÍ †cuŠQv‡bv
m¤¢e| ïay ZvB bq, I‡qemvB‡Ui wjsK (A_©vr BDAviGj) GmGgG‡mi gva¨‡g †kqvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
GmGgGm g~jZ `yBfv‡e cvVv‡bv hvq| eª¨vwÛs GmGgGm I bb-eª¨vwÛs GmGgGm| eª¨vwÛs GmGgG‡m
Avcbvi cY¨, eª¨vÛ wKsev †Kv¤úvwbi bvg w`‡q cvVv‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e G †¶‡Î j¶YxqÑeª¨vÛ, cY¨ ev
†Kv¤úvwb †h bv‡gB †nvK bv †K‡bv Zv 11 K¨v‡i±v‡ii g‡a¨ n‡Z n‡e| Avi bb- eª¨vÛ GmGgG‡m
†Kv‡bv eª¨v‡Ûi bvg ev †Kv¤úvwbi bvg e¨envi Kiv hvq bv| GLv‡b †h‡Kv‡bv msL¨v e¨envi nq| bb-eª¨vÛ
GmGgG‡mi Zzjbvq eª¨vÛ GmGgG‡mi LiP Zzjbvg~jK †ewk|

Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs
wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs| Avgiv ¸M‡j wKsev †mvk¨vj wgwWqv †hLv‡bB
weÁvcb Kwi bv †K‡bv, †Kv‡bv weÁvcbB mdj n‡e bv hw` bv †mB weÁvc‡bi Kb‡U›U h_vh_fv‡e ˆZwi
Kiv bv hvq| †h‡Kv‡bv welq †jLv, Qwe, wfwWI, wiP wgwWqv, Bb‡dvMÖvwdK Kb‡U‡›Ui g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
cY¨ wewµi †¶‡Î Kb‡U›U gv‡K©wUs ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L|

wbk I‡qemvBU gv‡K©wUs

G c×wZ eZ©gv‡b A¨vwdwj‡qU gv‡K©wUs‡q me‡P‡q †ewk e¨envi n‡”Q| GKRb A¨vwdwj‡qU gv‡K©Uvi
†Kv‡bv Pzw³e× †Kv¤úvwbi wbw`©ó wKQy cY¨ wm‡j± K‡i Zv w`‡q GKwU wbw`©ó I‡qemvBU ˆZwi K‡ib Ges
Ab¨me AbjvBb gv‡K©wUs c×wZ e¨envi K‡i †mB †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ cY¨ wewµ wbwðZ K‡i _v‡Kb| Z‡e G
Kv‡R eyw×gËv, gv‡K©wUs‡qi `¶Zv Ges cwikÖg A‡bK †ewk|

Uª¨vwWkbvj gv‡K©wUs I wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨

wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡q Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e cÖ_vMZ gv‡K©wUs‡qi †P‡q Kg A_© LiP nq| Uª¨vwWkbvj gv‡K©Uvi‡`i
†¶‡Î Uv‡M©‡W Kv÷gv‡ii Kv‡Q Zv‡`i †g‡mR †cuŠ‡Q †`qv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e KwVb| wKš‘ wWwRUvj
gv‡K©Uvi‡`i Kv‡Q GwU A‡bKUv mnR| cÖvq mevi Kv‡QB GLb j¨vcUc, ¯§vU©‡dvb, U¨ve I Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK
wWwRUvj cY¨ Av‡Q Ges gvbyl µ‡g Gme MÖnY Ki‡Qb| Gi d‡j GLb Avgiv 24 NÈv AbjvBb Kv‡b‡±W
_vK‡Z cviwQ, hv wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi Rb¨ GKwU Avjv`v cø¨vUdg© K‡i w`‡”Q| mevi Kv‡Q B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv †e‡o hvIqvq Ges LiP Kg nIqvq mevB GLb Uª¨vwWkbvj wgwWqv †_‡K †ei n‡q Z_¨,
we‡bv`b I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvq me Kv‡Ri Rb¨ B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Ki‡Qb| Gi d‡j Kv÷gvi‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q
hvIqv wWwRUvj gv‡K©Uvi‡`i Rb¨ A‡bK mnR n‡q D‡V‡Q| Uª¨vwWkbvj gv‡K©wUs‡q A‡bK mgq weÁvcb
Ges cÖ‡gvkbvj Kvh©µg †fv³vmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q bv| wKš‘ wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi gva¨‡g gv‡K©Uv‡iiv
wbwðZfv‡e Zv‡`i wbw`©ó Kv÷gvi‡`i Kv‡Q †g‡mR †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡ib|

wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs gwbUwis Uzjm A_©vr ¸Mj A¨vbvwjwUKm

eûj e¨eüZ ¸M‡ji GKwU AbjvBb gv‡K©wUs A¨vbvwjwUKm Uzj| mvaviYZ GKwU wbw`©ó I‡qemvBU A‡bK
†mvm© †_‡K wfwRUi †c‡Z cv‡i| †hgbÑ †dmeyK, UzBUvi, wj¼WBb, Ab¨ †Kv‡bv I‡qemvBU BZ¨vw`| Gi
gva¨‡g weÁvcb KZevi †`Lv n‡jv, †Kv_v n‡Z †`Lv n‡jv, †Kvb eq‡mi wfDqvi †`L‡jb Zv Rvbv hvq|

196-c„ôv
GQvov ÷‡Ki Z‡_¨i mv‡_ wgwj‡q weÁvcb †KŠkj KZUv KvR Ki‡Q Zv †evSv hvq| cieZ©x mg‡q AviI
fv‡jv ev‡RU ˆZwi K‡i weÁvcb †KŠk‡jI cwieZ©b Avbv hvq| wKš‘ GKRb I‡qe g¨v‡bRvi hw` Rvb‡Z
bv cv‡ib †h †Kvb †mvm© Zv‡K KZ wfwRU‡ii †RvMvb w`‡”Q, Zvn‡j wZwb mwVK wecYb †KŠkj Aej¤^b
Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡eb| A¨vbvwjwUKm Gme †¶‡Î Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|

wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi RbwcÖqZvi KviY

AvaywbK cÖhyw³i hy‡M e¨emvqxiv Zv‡`i cY¨ ev †mevi wecY‡bi Rb¨ bvbv ai‡bi c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Qb|
†mB mv‡_ cwieZ©b Avb‡Qb Zv‡`i wecYb †KŠk‡j| wWwRUvj wecYb †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i e¨emvwqK g‡Wj
ˆZwi Kiv nq| wWwRUvj wecY‡b me‡P‡q †ewk gvby‡li Kv‡Q c‡Y¨i cÖPvi Kiv hvq Ges me‡P‡q †ewk
e¨emvwqK mdjZv cvIqv hvq| GKRb e¨emvqx †µZv‡K AvK…ó Kivi Rb¨ AbjvB‡b Zvi cY¨‡K A‡bK
AvKl©Yxqfv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡ib|

wWwRUvj wecY‡bi RbwcÖqZvi wKQy D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KviY Zz‡j aiv n‡jv

cÖPwjZ gv‡K©wUs‡qi †P‡q †ewk Kvh©Ki|
AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g gv‡K©wUs, wiUvb© Ab Bb‡f÷‡g›U wba©viY mnR, wØcvw¶K weÁvcb e¨e¯’v, ÿz`ª I
gvSvwi cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki gv‡K©wUs, eª¨vÛ f¨vjy ˆZwi K‡i, †mvk¨vj wgwWqv mvBU e¨envi K‡i
`ªæZ cÖPvi m¤¢e|
†µZv‡`i AvK…ó Kiv Zzjbvg~jK mnR|
†gvevBj e¨enviKvix‡`i Dc‡hvMx K‡i wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs Kiv nq|
¯’vbxq †µZv‡`i mn‡RB mÜvb †c‡Z wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs wek¦vm AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡q fv‡jv Avq Kiv m¤¢e|

mdjZv I e¨emv‡q cÖmvi

GKwU e¨emvi mdjZv wKQy †KŠkj wecY‡bi Ici wbf©i K‡i| wecYb †KŠkjUv GKUv wm×všÍ| Gi gva¨‡g
A‡b‡K fv‡jv dj cv‡eb, A‡b‡K cv‡eb bv| Avcbv‡K jf¨vsk, wewµ evov‡bv, †µZvi mv‡_ †j‡M _vK‡Z
n‡e| gv‡K©wUs †KŠkjUv g~jZ †Kv¤úvwbi ms¯‹…wZ, cY¨, mvwf©m I `v‡gi cÖ`k©K| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui cÖwZwU †¶‡Î
wecY‡bi †KŠkj we‡kølY Ki‡jB Avcwb eyS‡Z cvi‡eb wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi ¸iæZ¡| GKgvÎ wWwRUvj
gv‡K©wUs‡qi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv cY¨ ev †mevi Z_¨ wba©vwiZ MÖvnK‡K Lye mn‡RB †cuŠ‡Q †`qv hvq| wcwcwm,
GmBGg, GmBI, †mvk¨vj wgwWqv, eøwMs, B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs Ges GmGgGm gv‡K©wUs Giƒc K‡qKwU
nv‡Z‡Mvbv KvR wbqwgZ Kivi gva¨‡g Avcbvi c‡Y¨i `ªæZ cÖmvi m¤¢e| GB gva¨g¸‡jv‡Z wbqwgZ weÁvcb
†`qv ïiæ Ki‡jB ax‡i ax‡i G¸‡jv †_‡K AviI fv‡jv djvdj †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| AviI fv‡jvfv‡e
Avcbvi cY¨ ev †mevi Uv‡M©U Kv÷gvi Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

c„ôv- 197
 Aa¨vq-47

†mvk¨vj wgwWqv gv‡K©wUs

GKwU †cÖvWv± ev mvwf©m (cY¨ ev †mev) cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb P¨v‡jÄ n‡jv
†fv³vi Kv‡Q Zv †cuŠ‡Q †`qv| Avi GB KvRwU Kivi Rb¨ †h gva¨gwU e¨envi nq †mwU n‡jv weÁvcb|
weÁvc‡bi cÖPwjZ gva¨g¸‡jv n‡”Q wjd‡jU, †eªvwkqvi, †cv÷vi, msev`cÎ, †iwWI wKsev wUwf| wesk
kZvãx‡Z G‡m Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i e¨envi †e‡o hvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ weÁvc‡bi aviYvUvI cv‡ë
†M‡Q| weÁvc‡bi gva¨g¸‡jv P‡j G‡m‡Q Avgv‡`i c‡K‡U| †mB mv‡_ weÁvcb`vZv‡`i Pvwn`viI
wekvj cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| GLb weÁvcb cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Ab¨Zg gva¨g ¸Mj, wewfbœ mvgvwRK
†hvMv‡hvM gva¨g, BDwUDe, wewfbœ ai‡bi A¨vcm, GmGgGm Ges B-†gBj hv wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs wn‡m‡e
cwiwPZ| wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi GK weivU †¶ÎRy‡o i‡q‡Q †mvk¨vj wgwWqv gv‡K©wUs| AvR‡Ki w`‡b
†mvk¨vj †bUIqvK©¸‡jv gvby‡li Kv‡Q fxlY RbwcÖq| ZvB GB †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv c‡Y¨i weÁvcb
†`qv n‡j Zv Aí mg‡q eûmsL¨K gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q hvq|

†mvk¨vj wgwWqv gv‡K©wUs

†mvk¨vj †bUIqvwK©s I‡qemvBU I B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g †h wecYb e¨e¯’v †bqv nq, Zv‡KB †mvk¨vj wgwWqv
gv‡K©wUs e‡j| eZ©gv‡b c„w_exi cÖvq 3.81 wewjqb gvbyl †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi cÖwZ Avm³| Giv cÖwZwbqZB
†dmeyK, UzBUvi, ¸Mj cøvm, wj¼WBb, wc›Uv‡i÷ I Bb÷vMÖvg e¨envi Ki‡Qb|

198-c„ôv
†dmeyK gv‡K©wUs
†dmeyK gv‡K©wUs ej‡Z eySvq †dmeyK †cR I MÖæ‡ci gva¨‡g †dmeyK e¨enviKvix‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM i¶v
Kiv Ges wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Ði gva¨‡g Zv‡`i m¤¢ve¨ †µZvq cwiYZ Kiv| †dmeyK A_wiwU mevB‡KB †cR,
A¨vKvD›U Ges MÖæc ˆZwi Kivi AbygwZ †`q| Z‡e †dmey‡Ki wbR¯^ wKQy cwjwm Av‡Q, hv mevB‡K †g‡b
Pj‡Z nq|

UzBUvi gv‡K©wUs
UzBUvi‡K gvB‡µv-eøwMs †mvk¨vj †bUIqvK© I‡qemvBU ejv nq| GLv‡b wewfbœ e¨enviKvix Zv‡`i A¨vKvD›U
†_‡K m‡e©v”P 140 K¨v‡i±vi w`‡q g¨v‡mR wj‡L †cv÷ K‡i _v‡Kb| †h‡KDB Zv‡`i †gvevBj, j¨vcUc, U¨ve
I †W¯‹Uc †_‡K UzBUvi e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| A‡b‡K UzBUvi‡K Bb÷¨v›U †g‡mwRs bv‡g †W‡K _v‡Kb|

¸Mj cøvm gv‡K©wUs

¸Mj Bbm w`‡q cwiPvwjZ ¸Mj cøvm n‡jv GKwU AbjvBb †mvk¨vj †bUIqvK©| weMZ †ek wKQy eQi a‡i
¸Mj cøv‡mi D‡`¨vM¸‡jv †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv| ¸Mj cøvm P¨v‡bj ˆZwii gva¨‡g GKRb gv‡K©Uvi Zvi cY¨
I †mevi aviYv B›Uvi‡bU BDRvi‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡ib|

wj¼WBb gv‡K©wUs
g~jZ †ckv`vi gvbyl‡`i †mvk¨vj †bUIqvK© n‡”Q wj¼WBb| †hgbÑ †÷K‡nvìvi, Ggcøqvi, Kv÷gvi,
÷z‡W›U, B›Uvwb© I K¬v‡q‡›Ui Rb¨ GwU GKwU †mvk¨vj †bUIqvK©| wj¼WBb g~jZ weR‡bm Iqv‡ì©i GKwU
fvPz©qvj cø¨vUdig, †hLv‡b GKRb wb‡qvM`vZv Zvi †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ Ggcøwq †Luv‡Rb, GKRb K¨vwÛ‡WU KvR
†Luv‡Rb, Avevi †KD †KD Zv‡`i cÖ‡dkbvj AwfÁZv †kqvi K‡ib| wj¼WBb wewfbœfv‡e weR‡bm Iqv‡ì©i
DbœwZ‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †hgbÑ weUzwe (weR‡bm Uz weR‡bm) KwgDwb‡Kkb e¨emvwqK cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ GKwU
cÖ‡qvRbxq welq, hv wj¼WB‡bi gva¨‡g mn‡R Kiv m¤¢e| wj¼WB‡bi gva¨‡g cÖ‡dkbvj e¨w³eM© Zv‡`i
wb‡R‡`i KwgDwbwU I MÖæc ˆZwi K‡ib, †hLvb †_‡K GKwU †Kv¤úvwb cÖ‡qvRbxq gvbem¤ú‡`i †RvMvb
†c‡Z cv‡i| GQvov wj¼WB‡b wewfbœ †Kv¤úvwb, wmBI Ges cÖwZwôZ e¨w³eM© Zv‡`i g~j¨evb AwfÁZv
†kqvi K‡ib, hv A‡bK e¨w³i Rb¨ wk¶Yxq welq n‡q _v‡K|

wc›Uv‡i÷ gv‡K©wUs
wc›Uv‡i÷ n‡jv d‡Uv †kqviwfwËK GKwU †mvk¨vj †bUIqvK©| wc›Uv‡i‡÷i gva¨‡g †h‡KD †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨
P¨v‡bj Ly‡j †mLv‡b †cv÷ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GLv‡b mvaviYZ gv‡K©Uv‡iiv Zv‡`i †Kv¤úvwbi cY¨ I †mevi
B‡gR Zv‡`i I‡qemvB‡Ui wj¼mn †cv÷ K‡i _v‡Kb| hw` †Kv‡bv BDRv‡ii Kv‡Q wWRvBb ev B‡g‡R
_vKv Z_¨vewj †`‡L cY¨wU fv‡jv jv‡M, Zvn‡j wj‡¼ wK¬K K‡i †m m¤úwK©Z me Z_¨ Rvb‡Z cv‡ib|
wc›Uv‡i‡÷i gva¨‡g mn‡RB GKwU I‡qemvBU Zv‡`i Uªvwd‡Ki msL¨v evov‡Z cv‡i Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ m¤¢ve¨
†µZvi msL¨vI evov‡Z cv‡i| GQvov GKRb gv‡K©Uvi n¨vk U¨vM (#), wKIqvW© Ges GmBI e¨env‡ii
gva¨‡g Zv‡`i †cv÷‡K ey÷ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Bb÷vMÖvg gv‡K©wUs
wc›Uv‡i‡÷i g‡Zv Bb÷vMÖvgI d‡Uv †kqviwfwËK †mvk¨vj †bUIqvK©| GLv‡b †QvU, gvSvwi Ges cvBKvwi
we‡µZviv Zv‡`i cY¨ I †mevi d‡Uv †kqv‡ii gva¨‡g weÁvcb w`‡q _v‡Kb| Gi gva¨‡g GKwU †QvU I
gvSvwi cÖwZôvbI Kg Li‡P Zv‡`i c‡Y¨i gv‡K©wUs Ki‡Z cv‡i| mwVK †cv÷ Ges d‡Uv wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g
GKwU †Kv¤úvwb Zvi †h‡Kv‡bv †cv÷ fvBivj Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv BwZevPKfv‡e Zvi eª¨vwÛs‡q mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
GQvov Gi gva¨‡g †h‡Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb GK`j wbqwgZ †µZv ˆZwi Ki‡Z m¶g nq|

c„ôv- 199
 Aa¨vq-48

†dmeyK †cR Ges weÁvcb cwiPvjbv

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
†dmey‡K e¨emvwqK †cR †Lvjv Ges Zv cwiPvjbv Kiv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv|
†dmey‡K weÁvcb cwiPvjbv m¤^‡Ü aviYv jvf|

GB Aa¨vq c‡o Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

†dmeyK †cR Kxfv‡e Lyj‡Z nq Ges †mwU cwiPvjbv Kivi cÖwµqv Kx Kx?
†dmeyK weÁvc‡bi Rb¨ Kxfv‡e A¨vW A¨vKvD›U Lyj‡Z cvi‡e|
†dmeyK weÁvcb cwiPvjbvi Dcvq Kx?

†dmeyK †cR cwiPvjbv

†dmey‡K e¨w³MZ e¨env‡ii Rb¨ †hgb †cÖvdvBj i‡q‡Q †Zgwb e¨emvi Rb¨ e¨emvwqK †cR/cvZv †Lvjvi
myweavI i‡q‡Q| †dmeyK e¨emvwqK †c‡Ri gva¨‡g e¨emv m¤ú‡K© hveZxq Z_¨ Lye mn‡RB Dc¯’vcb Kiv
hvq| †dmeyK †c‡Ri gva¨‡g I‡qemvBU, e¨emvi mgqm~wP, †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Z_¨, e¨emvi weeiY, †mev, cY¨,
†gby, wb‡`©kvewj Ges Av‡iv A‡bK ˆewkó¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq| GQvov †dmeyK †c‡R MÖvnKiv GKwU e¨emv
m¤ú‡K© wiwfD Ges †iwUs w`‡Z cv‡ib, Z‡e GB wdPviwU ïaygvÎ †jvKvj weR‡bm K¨vUvMwii Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨|

200-c„ôv
†dmeyK †cR †mUAvc
K‡qKwU mnR avc AbymiY K‡iB GKwU †dmeyK †cR †Lvjv hvq| †dmey‡K †cR †Lvjvi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ
†dmeyK A¨vKvD›U _vK‡Z n‡e|

avc-1
cÖ_‡gB e¨w³MZ †dmeyK A¨vKvD‡›U jMBb Ki‡Z n‡e| †dmeyK †cR ˆZwii myweavwU‡K cÖPvi Ki‡Z
†W¯‹Uc Ges †gvevBj wWfvB‡m wewfbœ mgq ÒCreate pageÓ AckbwU‡K cÖ`k©b K‡i| GLv‡b ïaygvÎ
†W¯‹Uc †_‡K †cR ˆZwi Kivi cÖPwjZ cÖwµqvwU †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Wvbw`‡K †Kvbvq Aew¯’Z Zxi wP‡ý wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
ÒCreate pageÓ GB wjsKwU‡Z wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
GQvov mivmwi www.facebook.com/pages/create GB wjs‡K wK¬K K‡iI †cR †Lvjv hvq|

avc-2
†dmeyK cÖPwjZ me e¨emv‡K wewfbœ †kÖwY/K¨vUvMwi‡Z fvM K‡i‡Q| GB av‡c e¨emvi aib Abymv‡i
K¨vUvMwi wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
†dmey‡K †cR †Lvjvi K¨vUvMwimg~n
¯’vbxq e¨emv ev ¯’vb;
†Kv¤úvwb, ms¯’v ev cÖwZôvb;
eª¨vÛ ev cY¨;
wkwí, e¨vÛ ev cvewjK wdMvi;
we‡bv`b;
KwgDwbwU|

avc-3
e¨emv‡K mywbw`©ó Ki‡Z †dmeyK Dc‡iv³ 6wU K¨vUvMwii Aax‡b BÛvw÷ª/wkí m¤úwK©Z Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv
K¨vUvMwi hy³ Ki‡Q|
WªcWvDb wj÷ †_‡K e¨emvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z K¨vUvMwi wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|
e‡· †c‡Ri bvg wjL‡Z n‡e|
ÒGet StartedÓ evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e (GB evUbwU‡Z wK¬K Kiv gv‡b †dmeyK †cR kZ©vewji mv‡_
m¤§Z nIqv hv evUbwUi Dc‡iB †jLv i‡q‡Q)|

avc-4
GB av‡c †c‡R Z_¨ Ges Qwe †hvM Ki‡Z nq|
†Kv¤úvwb ev eª¨v‡Ûi GKwU msw¶ß weeiY †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` I‡qemvBU _v‡K Zvn‡j †mwUi BDAviGj
w`‡Z n‡e| ÒSave InfoÓ evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
†cÖvdvBj wcKPvi wn‡m‡e GKwU Qwe (Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi †jv‡Mv) wbe©vPb K‡i ÒSave PhotoÓ evU‡b
wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|

c„ôv- 201
 †dmey‡K wb‡Ri cQ‡›`i †cR¸‡jv‡K Favorites-G †hvM Kivi myweav i‡q‡Q| †cRwU‡K Favorites-G
†hvM Ki‡Z PvB‡j Add to Favorites evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi bv Ki‡Z PvB‡j Skip evU‡b wK¬K
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Gevi †cRwUi Rb¨ Uv‡M©U AwW‡qÝ wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b cwiKíbv Abymv‡i †jv‡Kkb, eqm, wj½,
fvlv, cQ›` wbe©vPb K‡i ÒSaveÓ evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| GB KvRwU Aek¨ c‡iI Kiv hvq| c‡i Ki‡Z
PvB‡j ÒSkipÓ evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| GB K‡qKwU avc m¤úbœ K‡iB e¨envi Dc‡hvMx GKwU †dmeyK
†cR ˆZwi Kiv hvq| †dmeyK †cR ˆZwi Kivi ci me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡”Q †cRwU‡K mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbv
K‡i e¨emvi Kv‡R jvMv‡bv|

†dmeyK †cR cwiPvjbv

†dmeyK †cR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †dmey‡Ki †ek wKQy Uzjm Ges Ackb i‡q‡Q| Gme Uzjm e¨envi K‡i
†dmey‡K MÖvnK‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kiv, MÖvnKiv †c‡R Kx ai‡bi AvPiY Ki‡Qb †m m¤^‡Ü †bvwUwd‡Kkb
cvIqv, †c‡Ri Kvh©KvwiZv cwigvc Kiv, Kviv †cRwU cwiPvjbv/†`L‡Z cvi‡eb †mwUI wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq|

cwiwPZ wefvM
GB U¨ve/†mKkbwU‡Z †cR m¤ú‡K© hveZxq Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq| GLv‡b I‡qemvBU, e¨emvi mgqm~wP,
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Z_¨, e¨emvi weeiY, †mev, cY¨, †gby, wb‡`©kvewjmn Av‡iv A‡bK ˆewkó¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq|

evZ©v wefvM
MÖvnK‡`i mv‡_ evZ©v Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi KvRwU †g‡mR †mKk‡b m¤úvw`Z nq| †g‡mR †mKkbwU wVK
B-†gB‡ji Bbe‡·i g‡Zv KvR K‡i| GLvb †_‡K MÖvnK‡`i †g‡mR †`qv I DËi †`qv hvq| GQvov
mvaviY cÖ‡kœi DËimg~n msi¶Y K‡i ivLv hvq| m¤úªwZ †µZv‡`i aib Abyhvqx wewfbœ †j‡fj w`‡q wPwýZ
Kivi myweavI †hvM K‡i‡Q †dmeyK|

BbmvBUm U¨ve/†mKkb
BbmvBUm U¨ve †_‡K Lye mn‡RB †c‡Ri †cv‡÷ gvbyl †Kgb cÖwZwµqv †`Lv‡”Qb, KZRb jvBK, K‡g›U
A_ev †kqvi K‡i‡Qb GwU †`Lv hvq| GLvb †_‡K aviYv wb‡q cieZ©x‡Z Av‡iv Kvh©Kix †cv÷ ˆZwi Kiv
hvq| BbmvBUm U¨v‡e A‡bK¸‡jv fvM i‡q‡Q| GBme fv‡M wewfbœ Z_¨ mvRv‡bv i‡q‡Q|

IfviwfD
GwU‡K GKwU †c‡Ri mv¤úªwZK Ae¯’vi mœ¨vckUI ejv hvq| GLvb †_‡K cy‡iv †c‡Ri Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K©
msw¶ß Z_¨ cvIqv hv‡e|

jvBKm
GLv‡b cy‡iv †c‡Ri jvBK m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ _v‡K Ges †mwU KZR‡bi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q‡Q A_ev weÁvcb †Kv_v
†_‡K G‡m‡Q †mB Z_¨I _v‡K|

202-c„ôv
wiP
KZRb †c‡Ri †cv÷ †`‡L‡Qb? Zviv †mwU Kxfv‡e †`‡L‡Qb? eÜz‡`i gva¨‡g bvwK weÁvc‡bi gva¨‡g?
GBme Z_¨ †`Lv hv‡e GLv‡b|

wfwRUm
KZRb †cRwU wfwRU Ki‡Qb, Zviv †Kvb †mKkbwU †ewk †`‡L‡Qb, GB m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ †`Lv hv‡e GLv‡b|

†cv÷
gvbylRb Kx ai‡bi †cv÷ cQ›` K‡ib, Kx ai‡bi †cv‡÷ Gb‡MR‡g›U †iU †Kgb, †jvKRb KLb AbjvB‡b
†ewk _v‡Kb GBme Z_¨ _v‡K| GQvov wccj, B‡f›Um, wfwWIm, †g‡m‡Rm bv‡g Av‡iv K‡qKwU fvM
i‡q‡Q †hLvb †_‡K MÖvd Ges msL¨vq †c‡Ri wewfbœ Z_¨ cvIqv hv‡e|

†mwUs †cv÷
†dmeyK †cR‡K wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨B GB †mwUs †mKkb| GLvb †_‡K Kviv †cRwU cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
A_ev †`L‡Z cvi‡eb †mwU wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| †c‡Ri bvg cwieZ©b, BDAviGj cwieZ©b GBme KvR †mwUs
U¨ve †_‡K Kiv hvq|

†dmeyK †cv÷
†dmey‡K †cR †Lvjvi ci Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡”Q wbqwgZ Kvh©Kix †cv÷ †`qv| †dmey‡K hLb †Kv‡bv
†cv÷ †`qv nq ZLb hv hv Kiv hvqÑ
e¨emvi Avc‡WU hv mv‡_ mv‡_B †c‡R cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
†cv‡÷ Qwe Ges wfwWI †hvM|
mgq euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ wkwWDj †cv÷|
Advi ev B‡f›U ˆZwi|
wewfbœ fvlvq †cv÷ Abyev` BZ¨vw`|

†ewmK †cv÷ ˆZwi

GKwU †c‡Ri †cv÷ e¨emv m¤úwK©Z †h‡Kv‡bv wKQy n‡Z cv‡i| †hgbÑ bZzb c‡Y¨i †NvlYv, c‡Y¨i Qwe
ev wfwWI †kqvi| me †cv÷B †c‡R cÖ`wk©Z n‡e Ges hviv †c‡R jvBK w`‡q‡Qb Zviv †`L‡Z cv‡eb|
†dmeyK †c‡Ri IBme U¨v‡ei ïiæ‡ZB †cv÷ †`qvi RvqMv i‡q‡Q| wb‡P GKwU †cv÷ †`qvi K‡qKwU avc
eY©bv Kiv n‡jvÑ
†cv‡÷i eY©bv wjL‡Z PvB‡j Lvwj N‡i †mwU wjL‡Z n‡e| Nwo wPýwU‡Z wK¬K K‡i wbw`©ó mgq wbe©vPb
K‡i †cv÷wU cieZ©x mg‡qi Rb¨ wkwWDj K‡i ivLv hv‡e|
Uv‡M©U wP‡ý wK¬K K‡i †cv÷wU Kviv †`L‡Z cvi‡eb †mwU wbe©vPb K‡i †`qv hv‡e| GwUi mvnv‡h¨ wbw`©ó
†`‡ki A_ev eq‡mi MÖvnK‡K D‡Ïk K‡i †cv÷ †`qv hv‡e Ges †cv÷wU ïaygvÎ ZvivB †`L‡Z cv‡eb|
†jv‡Kkb wP‡ý wK¬K K‡i †cv÷wU †Kv_v †_‡K †`qv n‡”Q †mwU wbe©vPb Kiv hv‡e|
K¨v‡giv wP‡ý wK¬K K‡i †cv‡÷ Qwe Ges wfwWI †hvM Kiv hv‡e|
†cv÷wU‡K wewfbœ †`‡ki/fvlvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q Abyev` K‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z PvB‡j †Møve wP‡ý wK¬K K‡i ¯’vb ev
fvlv wbe©vPb K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| Gevi †cv÷wU cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ ˆZwi n‡j Ò†cv÷Ó evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|

c„ôv- 203
 GQvov Qwe/wfwWI †cv÷ Ki‡Z PvB‡j d‡Uv/wfwWI evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Advi, B‡f›U ev AR©b
†cv÷ Ki‡Z PvB‡j Offer, Event+ evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|

†dmeyK †cR g¨v‡bRvi

Ô†dmeyK †cR g¨v‡bRviÕ †dmey‡K †cR‡K †gvevBj †_‡K cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ GKwU AmvaviY †gvevBj
A¨vwcø‡Kkb| GwU A¨vÛª‡qW Ges AvBIGm Dfq ai‡bi Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ cvIqv hvq| Gi
mvnv‡h¨ Lye mn‡RB †gvevBj †_‡K †dmeyK †cR cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|

†dmeyK weÁvcb
†dmeyK †cR e¨envi K‡i GKB mg‡q AwaK msL¨K MÖvn‡Ki wbKU †cuŠQv‡bvi Ab¨Zg Dcvq n‡”Q †dmeyK
weÁvcb| †dmeyK weÁvc‡bi wewfbœ dig¨vU Ges †cøm‡g›U wb‡q c~e©eZ©x cv‡V we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GB cv‡V Kxfv‡e weÁvcb w`‡Z nq Ges Zv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq †m wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|

†dmeyK A¨vW g¨v‡bRvi

†dmey‡K weÁvcb †`qv, cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †dmeyK A¨vW g¨v‡bRvi e¨envi Kiv nq| bZzb weÁvcb ˆZwi,
weÁvcb Pvjy ev eÜ Kiv, weÁvcb m¤úv`bv Kiv BZ¨vw` KvR Kiv nq †dmeyK A¨vW g¨v‡bRv‡ii gva¨‡g|

†dmeyK A¨vW g¨v‡bRvi †mUAvc

†dmey‡K A¨vW/weÁvcb A¨vKvD›U ˆZwi/†mUAvc Ki‡Z †W¯‹Uc †_‡K †dmey‡K jMBb Kiv Ae¯’vq
Wvbw`‡K †Kvbvq Zxi wP‡ý wK¬K K‡i Advertise on Facebook/Create Ads wjs‡K wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
A_ev mivmwi www.facebook.com/ads/create GB wjs‡K cÖ‡ek K‡iI KvRwU m¤úbœ Kiv hv‡e|

avc-1
cÖ`wk©Z †cR †_‡K cÖ_‡g †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU weÁvcb dig¨vU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici wb‡Pi w`‡K
Create Ad Account bv‡g GKwU evUb †`Lv hv‡e †mwU‡Z wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡Pi Qwe‡Z Boost Your
Posts wm‡j± Kiv n‡q‡Q|

avc-2
GB av‡c A¨vW A¨vKvD‡›Ui Rb¨ †`k, gy`ªv Ges mgq/UvBg †Rvb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| evB wWdë hv
_v‡K Zv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z PvB‡j WªcWvD‡b wK¬K K‡i cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`wk gy`ªvq GL‡bv g~j¨
cwi‡kv‡ai my‡hvM †bB| Z‡e g~j¨ †`Lvi, wba©vi‡Yi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| gy`ªv wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`wk UvKv wbe©vPb
Ki‡jI g~j¨ cwi‡kv‡ai †¶‡Î Wjvi e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ †dmeyK e¨w³MZ A¨vKvD‡›Ui bv‡gB
A¨vW A¨vKvD‡›Ui bvgKiY n‡q _v‡K| Zv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z PvB‡j Show Advance Options-G wK¬K
Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici wb‡Pi e‡· bvg cwieZ©b K‡i Continue evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| GB av‡cB
A¨vKvD›U ˆZwi m¤úbœ n‡q hv‡e| Gevi cÖ`wk©Z DB‡ÛvwU eÜ K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
avc-3
GB av‡c †c‡g›U †g_W †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †c‡g›U †g_W †hvM Kivi Rb¨ †dmey‡K jMBb Kiv Ae¯’vq
Wvbw`‡K †Kvbvq Zxi wP‡ý wK¬K K‡i Manage Ads-G wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| A_ev mivmwi www. facebook.
com/ads/manage GB wjs‡K cÖ‡ek K‡iI KvRwU m¤úbœ Kiv hv‡e| wjs‡K cÖ‡ek Kivi ci †cR cÖ`wk©Z

204-c„ôv
n‡e| GLvb †_‡K Add Payment Method evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici cÖ`wk©Z ccAvc DB‡Ûv‡Z
†µwWU/†WweU Kv‡W©i Z_¨ †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Continue evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|

†dmeyK A¨vW/weÁvcb ˆZwi

†dmeyK †cR ˆZwii g‡ZvB †dmyeK weÁvcb ˆZwii Rb¨ ÒCreate AdÓ GB wjsKwU‡K wewfbœ RvqMvq
cÖ`k©b K‡i| Z‡e GLv‡b Kxfv‡e A¨vW g¨v‡bRvi †_‡K weÁvcb ˆZwi Kiv hvq †mwU Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†dmeyK A¨vW g¨v‡bRvi A_ev †dmey‡Ki †h‡Kv‡bv ¯’vb †_‡K ÒCreate AdÓ GB evUbwU‡Z wK¬K Kivi
ci mvaviYZ GKB †cR cÖ`wk©Z nq| Avevi mivmwi www.facebook.com/ads/create GB wjsK
†_‡KI weÁvcb ˆZwii †c‡R hvIqv hvq| K‡qKwU av‡c GKwU weÁvcb ˆZwi m¤úbœ nq| wb‡P avc¸‡jv
ch©vqµwgKfv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

avc-1
†dmeyK A¨vW g¨v‡bRvi †_‡K ÒCreate AdÓ GB evUbwU‡Z wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev Dc‡iv³ wjsKwU‡Z
cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡e| wK¬K Kivi ci wb‡Pi Qwei g‡Zv GKwU †cR Avm‡e| wewfbœ mgq †dmeyK GB †cRwU
wewfbœ wWRvB‡b cÖ`k©b K‡i|

avc-2
weÁvc‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Abymv‡i †dmey‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi weÁvcb dig¨vU i‡q‡Q| †h¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© c~e©eZ©x
cv‡V Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB av‡c weÁvc‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Abymv‡i Dc‡ii Qwei g‡Zv cÖ`wk©Z wj÷ †_‡K
weÁvcb dig¨vU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|

avc-3
K¨v‡¤úB‡bi bvg w`‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b wb‡Ri B‡”Qg‡Zv bvg †`qv hv‡e| A_ev wWdëfv‡e †hwU _vK‡e
†mwUI e¨envi Kiv hv‡e|

avc-4
GB †mKk‡b weÁvc‡bi Rb¨ Uv‡M©U MÖvn‡Ki Z_¨ w`‡q AwW‡qÝ wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b MÖvn‡Ki
ˆewkó¨ †hgb ¯’vb, eqm, wj½, cQ›`, fvlv, AvPiYmn Av‡iv A‡bK wKQy wbe©vPb Kiv hv‡e| Gme wbf©i
Ki‡e †h weÁvcbwU †`qv n‡”Q, GwU Kv‡`i‡K D‡Ïk K‡i †`qv n‡”Q Zv‡`i ˆewk‡ó¨i Dci| GwU wba©viY
Kiv weÁvc‡bi Rb¨ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cieZ©x cv‡V G wb‡q we‡kl Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q|

avc-5
GB wb‡q c~‡e©i cv‡V Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b weÁvc‡bi Rb¨ myweavRbK †cøm‡g›U wbe©vPb Ki‡Z
n‡e| ïaygvÎ †gvevBj wWfvB‡m cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z PvB‡j Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g A_ev eª¨vÛ g‡Wj wbe©vPb Kivi
myweav i‡q‡Q|
avc-6
GB av‡c weÁvcbwUi ev‡RU KZ n‡e Ges †mwU KZ w`b Pj‡e Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b `yB ai‡bi
ev‡RU †mUAvc Kiv hvq-†WBwj Ges jvBdUvBg| wkwWD‡ji †¶‡ÎI †WBwj ev‡RU n‡j `yB ai‡bi c×wZ
i‡q‡QÑ Pjgvb Ges wbw`©ó mgqmxgv| Pjgvb n‡j ev‡RU cwigvY A_© weÁvcb eÜ bv Kiv ch©šÍ cÖwZw`b

c„ôv- 205
 GKB nv‡i LiP n‡Z _vK‡e| Avi mgqmxgv wba©viY K‡i w`‡j ev‡RU cwigvY A_© wba©vwiZ mgqmxgvi
g‡a¨ cÖwZw`b GKB nv‡i LiP n‡e| Avi jvBdUvBg ev‡RU wba©viY Ki‡j †mB ev‡R‡Ui Rb¨ GKwU wbw`©ó
mgqmxgv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î me©‡gvU ev‡RU cwigvY A_© wba©vwiZ mgqmxgvi g‡a¨ AvbycvwZK
nv‡i LiP n‡e| wb‡Pi w`‡K Av‡iv GKwU A¨vW wkwWDj Ackb i‡q‡Q jvBdUvBg ev‡R‡Ui †¶‡Î|
GLvb †_‡K Avjv`vfv‡e mgq wba©vi‡Yi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| GQvov GB av‡c weÁvcb LiP AcwUgvBR, weW
A¨vgvD›U wba©vi‡Yi myweav i‡q‡Q|

avc-7
GB av‡c A¨vW †m‡Ui bvg w`‡Z n‡e| Aek¨ wWdëfv‡e GKwU bvg †`qv _v‡K| PvB‡j †mwU e¨envi Kiv
hvq A_ev wb‡Ri B‡”Qg‡Zv cwieZ©b K‡i †`qv hvq| Gici ÒContinueÓ evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|

avc-8
GB av‡c †h †c‡Ri Rb¨ weÁvcb †`qv n‡e †mB †cRwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| Ges weÁvc‡bi Rb¨ †cv÷,
Qwe, wfwWI wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| weÁvc‡bi dig¨vU Abymv‡i weÁvcb ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| GwU D‡Ïk¨/
dig¨vU Abymv‡i wfbœ wfbœ n‡q _v‡K| GLv‡b †h QwewU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q †mwU dig¨v‡Ui| GLv‡b
†cøm‡g›U Abyhvqx weÁvc‡bi wcÖwfD †`Lv hv‡e| me‡k‡l Place Order evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|

†dmeyK weÁvcb cwiPvjbv

mwVKfv‡e weÁvcb ˆZwi Kivi ci †mwU eÜ ev m¤úv`bv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| A¨vW g¨v‡bRvi †_‡K
GB KvRwU Lye mn‡RB Kiv hvq| A¨vW g¨v‡bRvi †_‡K †h K¨v‡¤úBbwU m¤úv`b Ki‡Z n‡e †mwUi bv‡gi
cv‡k wP‡ý †nvfvi K‡i ÒEdit CampaignÓ evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici cÖ‡qvRbxq mewKQy m¤úv`bv
K‡i ÒSave & CloseÓ evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv K¨v‡¤úBb eÜ Ki‡Z PvB‡j A¨vW g¨v‡bRvi †_‡K
K¨v‡¤úBb bv‡gi evg cv‡ki bxj wPýwU‡Z wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e, Zvn‡j GwU a~mi n‡q hv‡e| Avevi Pvjy Ki‡Z
PvB‡j a~mi wP‡ý wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| ZLb Avevi bxj n‡q hv‡e, A_©vr
Blue = On
Gray = Off
wbw`©ó K¨v‡¤úBb bv‡gi Dci wK¬K K‡i †mwUi djvdj †`Lv hv‡e| GB cv‡V †dmeyK †cR Ges weÁvcb
cwiPvjbvi †gŠwjK w`K¸‡jv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

206-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-49

†dmeyK AwW‡qÝ Ges BbmvBUm

GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
†dmey‡K weÁvcb †`qvi c~‡e© BbmvBUm ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i m¤¢ve¨ MÖvnK‡`i AvPiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|
Kxfv‡e Uv‡M©U AwW‡qÝ wm‡j± K‡i wb‡Z nq †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K wkÿYxq

†dmey‡Ki AwW‡qÝ Ges Uv‡M©U AwW‡qÝ m¤ú‡K©|
BbmvBUm Ges AwW‡qÝ BbmvBU m¤ú‡K©|
wewfbœ ai‡bi AwW‡qÝ cÖvwß m¤ú‡K©|

AwW‡qÝ
†dmey‡K GKwU †cR ev weÁvc‡bi AwW‡qÝ ej‡Z Ggb GK`j gvbyl‡K †evSvq hv‡`i †cRwUi †cv÷ ev
weÁvcb †`Lvi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q| GKwU †cv÷ ev weÁvc‡bi mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i GwU Kx cwigvY mwVK gvby‡li
wbKU †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| †dmey‡K †cv÷ Ges weÁvcb Dfq †¶‡ÎB AwW‡qÝ wba©viY K‡i †`qvi myweav i‡q‡Q|
†cv÷ †`qvi †¶‡Î G welqwU GL‡bv Lye mxwgZ AvKv‡i i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Avkv Kiv hvq cieZ©x‡Z GwU Av‡iv
mg„× n‡e| weÁvc‡bi †¶‡Î Lye mywbw`©ófv‡e AwW‡qÝ wba©viY Kiv hvq| GLv‡b e¨enviKvix‡`i cQ›`,

c„ôv- 207
 AvPiY, eqm, Ae¯’vb, wj½, wi‡jkbwkc ÷¨vUvm, fvlv, PvKwii c`gh©v`v, cov‡kvbv, †cR jvBKmn
wewfbœ Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ AwW‡qÝ wba©vi‡Yi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| GB AwW‡qÝ wba©vi‡Yi welqwU‡K Uv‡M©wUs
AwW‡qÝ e‡j|

Uv‡M©U AwW‡qÝ
Uv‡M©U AwW‡qÝ n‡”Q †mBme `k©K hv‡`i‡K j¶¨/D‡Ïk¨ K‡i †cv÷ ev weÁvcb cÖPvi Kiv nq| †h‡Kv‡bv
†cv÷ ev weÁvcb cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î cÖavb avc n‡”Q GwU Kv‡`i‡K D‡Ïk K‡i Kiv n‡”Q †mwU wba©viY Kiv|
†hgbÑ †g‡q‡`i c‡Y¨i Rb¨ Uv‡M©U AwW‡qÝ KLbB †Q‡j n‡Z cv‡i bv, Avevi †Q‡j‡`i c‡Y¨i Uv‡M©U
AwW‡qÝ KLbB †g‡q n‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs †dmeyK †c‡R †Kv‡bv †cv÷ ev weÁvcb cÖPv‡ii c~‡e©B Gi
Uv‡MU© AwW‡qÝ wba©viY K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

BbmvBUm
GB kãwUi AvwfavwbK evsjv n‡”Q AšÍ`©„wó| †mvRv K_vq †Kv‡bv wKQy‡K m~²fv‡e ch©‡e¶Y K‡i we‡kølY
Kiv| †dmeyK BbmvBUm wVK †Zgwb KvR K‡i|

AwW‡qÝ BbmvBUm
GwU †dmey‡Ki GKwU kw³kvjx we‡kølYag©x Uzj| †dmeyK A¨vW g¨v‡bRvi †_‡K GwU e¨envi Kiv hvq|
GwUi mvnv‡h¨ wd«‡Z Lye mn‡RB m¤¢ve¨ †µZv Ges cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i m¤ú‡K© †Wv‡gvMÖvwdK (RbmsL¨vwelqK)
Ges AvPiYMZ cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| GwU g~jZ weÁvcb`vZv‡`i Uv‡M©U K‡i ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wKš‘ †KD hw` †dmeyK weÁvcb e¨envi bv K‡i _v‡Kb Zvn‡jI GwU e¨envi K‡i m¤¢ve¨ MÖvnK‡`i Z_¨
†c‡Z cv‡ib|

GwUi Z‡_¨i Drm `ywU

†dmey‡Ki wbR¯^ Z_¨fvÐvi
GwU †dmey‡Ki mvaviY e¨enviKvix‡`i eqm, Ae¯’vb, wj½, wi‡jkbwkc ÷¨vUvm, fvlv, PvKwii c`gh©v`v,
†cR jvBKmn †cÖvdvB‡j wewfbœ Z_¨mg„×|

Z…Zxq c¶ Z_¨ mn‡hvMx

†dmeyK e¨enviKvixi AvBwW e¨envi K‡i Z…Zxq c‡¶i †Kv¤úvwbi gva¨‡g cwiev‡ii Avq, e¨q, †KbvKvUv,
m¤ú` BZ¨vw` Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i _v‡K| Z‡e GwU ïaygvÎ Av‡gwiKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨|

AwW‡qÝ wba©viY
†dmey‡K mvaviYZ wZb ai‡bi AwW‡qÝ wba©vi‡Yi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|

†Kvi AwW‡qÝ
wbqwgZ †dmyeK e¨enviKvix †_‡K m¤¢ve¨ †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q evQvB‡qi Rb¨ †Kvi AwW‡qÝ wba©vi‡Yi GB
wdPviwU A¨vW g¨v‡bRvi Ges cvIqvi GwWU‡i weëBb _v‡K| GwUi gva¨‡g RbmsL¨vi DcvË, Ae¯’vb,
AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi Dci wfwË K‡i AwW‡qÝ evQvB Kiv hvq|

208-c„ôv
RbmsL¨vi DcvË
†hgb eqm, wj½, m¤ú‡K©i Ae¯’v, wk¶v, Kg©‡¶Î, †ckv BZ¨vw` ˆewk‡ó¨i Dci wfwË K‡i evQvB Kiv hvq|

Ae¯’vb
wbw`©ó GjvKvi e¨enviKvixi ga¨ †_‡K evQvB Kiv hvq| GgbwK GKwU ¯’vbxq †`vKv‡bi wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡i
e¨enviKvix‡`iI evQvB Kiv hvq|

cQ›`
e¨enviKvixi kL, wcÖq we‡bv`b Ges Kx Ki‡Qb Gm‡ei Dci wfwË K‡i evQvB Kiv hvq|

AvPiY
e¨enviKvixi µq AvPiY, hš¿ e¨envi Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Kv‡Ði Ici wfwË K‡i evQvB Kiv hvq|

Kv÷g AwW‡qÝ
e¨emvi eZ©gvb Kv÷gvi A_ev †dmeyK K›U¨v±m gv‡b hviv BwZg‡a¨ e¨emvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Zv‡`i‡K
†dmey‡K Lyu‡R †c‡Z GB wdPviwU mvnvh¨ K‡i| wek¦¯Í Ges m¤¢ve¨ †µZv, I‡qemvBU e¨enviKvix, †gvevBj
A¨vc e¨enviKvix GB wZb ai‡bi Drm †_‡K Kv÷g AwW‡qÝ ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

jyK GjvBK AwW‡qÝ

GwU Kv÷g AwW‡q‡Ýi GKwU mn‡hvMx e¨e¯’v| Kv÷g AwW‡q‡Ýi g‡Zv GKB iKg Av‡iv AwW‡qÝ Lyu‡R
†c‡Z GwU KvR K‡i|

c„ôv- 209
 Aa¨vq-50

GmBIÕi Rb¨ wKIqvW© ch©v‡jvPbv

GmBI n‡”Q mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb| mvP© BwÄb n‡”Q ¸Mj wKsev wes| G‡Z †cÖvWv±welqK `iKvix
kã w`‡q mvP© w`‡j Lye mn‡RB †mB k‡ãi mv‡_ m¤cwK©Z wewfbœ Z_¨ I I‡qemvB‡Ui mÜvb cvIqv hvq|
†h c×wZ‡Z mv‡P©i gva¨‡g I‡qemvB‡Ui †h †cR¸‡jv cÖ_‡gB Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q cÖ`wk©Z n‡”Q, †mB c×wZ
n‡”Q GmBI| mv‡P©i gva¨‡g †hme mvBU mvP© Bwćbi cÖ_g †c‡R Avm‡e, †mme mvB‡U wfwRUiI e„w×
cv‡e ¯^vfvweKfv‡e, KviY gvby‡li Kv‡Q †mB mvBU¸‡jvi Z_¨B mvP© w`‡j Av‡M cÖ`wk©Z n‡”Q| ZvB mvP©
BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rk‡b †Kv‡bv Z_¨ wKsev †jLv cvIqvi Rb¨ wKIqvW© wimvP© GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖavb welq|

mvc©
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wKIqvW© wbe©vPb
wKIqvW© wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡gB †ekwKQz wel‡q j¶ ivL‡Z nq| †K‡bv, Kx, Kxfv‡e Ges Kx Rb¨
wKIqvW© wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| †cÖvWv‡±i Dci wbf©i K‡i wKIqvW© wbe©vP‡bi KvR Ki‡Z nq| wKIqvW©‡K
wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ

210-c„ôv
 †R‡bwiK wKIqvW©|
eªW g¨vP wKIqvW©|
js †Uj wKIqvW©|
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nq Kw¤cDUv‡ii gwbUi Z‡e †mB †¶‡Î wKIqvW© wm‡jKk‡bi welq wZb iKg n‡e; A_©vrÑ
†R‡bwiK wKIqvW©Ñ Samsung Monitor
eªW g¨vP wKIqvW©Ñ Samsung LCD Monitor
js †Uj wKIqvW©Ñ How to bUz Samsung LCD Monitor
wVK GiKg K‡i wewfbœ iKg wKIqvW© wb‡q mvB‡Ui Rb¨ KvR K‡i GmBI Ki‡Z nq| fv‡jv Kb‡U›U, fv‡jv
e¨vKwjsK mewKQzi mgš^‡q I‡qemvBU‡K mvP© Bwćb fv‡jv Ae¯’vq †bqv hvq| GKRb †µZv ¸M‡j Kx
ai‡bi wKIqvW© e¨envi K‡i Zvi cQ‡›`i †cÖvWv± m¤c‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvb, Zv Rvbvi Av‡M Kx iKg kã e¨envi
K‡i _vK‡Z cv‡ib Zvi GKUv aviYv †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i wKQz AbjvBb Uzjm e¨envi K‡i|

js wKIqvW©
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wKIqvW© wb‡q ˆZwi wk‡ivbvg e¨envi K‡i †jLv wiwfD wKsev †cÖvWv± †Kbvi Z_¨ msewjZ †jLv¸‡jvB Zviv
†ewk c‡o _v‡Kb GKwU †cÖvWv± †Kbvi Av‡M| ZvB js wKIqvW© wVKg‡Zv wbe©vPb Kiv I‡qemvB‡Ui wiwfD
wKsev †cv‡÷i Rb¨ Avek¨K| G‡Z K‡i mvP© Bwćbi gva¨‡g AbjvB‡b †µZvi Kv‡Q Zvi cQ‡›`i wKIqvW©
wb‡q I‡qemvB‡Ui †jLv Z_¨ w`‡q Lye mn‡R †cuŠQv‡bv hvq|

AwaK e¨eüZ wKQz js wKIqvW©

Best + [Product Name]
[Product Name] + Reviews
Best + [Product Name] + Reviews
Brand name + [product name]
Cheap + [Product name]
Best +[product name] + BUzing guide
Top 10 + Product type + in year
[Product name] + for men
[Product name] + for women / For girls
Best + Product type + in year

js wKIqvW© mv‡Rkb Uzjm

GjGmAvB MÖvdÑ http://lsigraph.com/
wKIqvW© wkUvi †cÖvÑ http://keywordshitterpro.com/
hw` wKIqvW© wimv‡P© †cÖvWv± n‡q _v‡K gvB‡µvI‡qf I‡fb, Z‡e GjGmAvB MÖvd Uzj e¨envi K‡i †mB
†cÖvWv± wKIqv‡W©i mv‡_ m¤cwK©Z AviI †ekwKQz wKIqv‡W©i mv‡Rkb cvIqv hvq| †h wKIqvW©¸‡jv e¨envi
K‡i g~jZ mvP© Bwćb GKRb †µZv †cÖvWv± †Kbvi Av‡M mvP© w`‡q _v‡Kb †mB †cÖvWv± m¤cwK©Z Rvb‡Z

c„ôv- 211
 wVK †mBiKg †ekwKQz js wKIqv‡W©i mv‡Rk‡b Uzj e¨envi K‡i cvIqv hvq| Ò†e÷ gvB‡µvI‡qf I‡fbÓ
w`‡q GB Uz‡j mvP© w`‡j †ekwKQz js wKIqv‡W©i mv‡Rkb cvIqv hvq| g~jZ GB ai‡bi js wKIqvW©¸‡jv
w`‡qB GKRb †µZv †cÖvWv± †Kbvi Av‡M mvP© Bwćb †cÖvWv± m¤c‡K© Rvb‡Z †ewk K‡i mvP© K‡i _v‡Kb|

wKIqvW© wimvP©
wKIqvW© wimvP© B-Kgvm©wfwËK cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU welq| mwVKfv‡e wKIqvW© wimvP© GKwU
B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡bi mvg‡bi w`‡Ki D‡`¨vM‡K A‡bK †ewk Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i| cwiKíbv gvwdK wKIqvW© e¨envi
Kivi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o e¨emvi Ae¯’vb‡K k³ Kivi Rb¨| GKwU B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡b hZ †ewk †cÖvWv± msL¨v
evo‡e cÖwZwbqZ ZZ †ewk wKIqvW© wimv‡P©i ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRb †e‡o hv‡e|

wKQz wKIqvW© wimvP© Uzj

¸M‡ji wKIqvW© cø¨vbviÑ www.adwords.google.com/KeywordPlanner
wKIqvW© wiwfjviÑ www.keywordrevealer.com
js †Uj †cÖvÑ www.longtailpro.com
†mgivkÑ www.semrush.com
mvc©mÑ serps.com/tools/keyword-research
†Kvb wKIqv‡W©i me‡P‡q †ewk UªvwdK (fwjDg) Zv †R‡b †mB wKIqvW© wb‡q KvR Kiv hvq mn‡R|
†cÖvWv± wKIqvW© wimv‡P©i Rb¨ ¸Mj †_‡K Adword keyword planner www.adwords.google.com/
KeywordPlanner-G A¨vKvD›U Ly‡j G Uzj e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| B-Kgvm© mvB‡U A‡bK †cÖvWv±
_vK‡j †mBme †cÖvWv‡±i Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v wbk wKIqvW© wVK K‡i B-Kgvm© mvB‡Ui Rb¨ wbk mvBU ev
mnKvix mvB‡Ui Rb¨ †mB wbk wKIqvW© e¨envi K‡i †cÖvWv± wiwfD †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| †µZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z
n‡j B-Kgvm© mvB‡U †h ai‡bi †cÖvWv± wewµ Kiv n‡e Zvi Dc‡hvMx wKIqvW© wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| wKIqvW©
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I‡fbmÓ js wKIqvW© w`‡q cÖwZ gv‡m 4400 evi mvP© †`qv nq| Avevi ïay ÒgvB‡µvI‡qfÓ wKIqv‡W©i
mvP© fwjDg gv‡m 165,000 evi A_©vr GB wKIqvW© e¨envi K‡i cÖwZ gv‡m ¸M‡j wgwbgvg 165,000 evi
mvP© †`qv nq| GQvov wKIqvW© cø¨vbvi e¨envi K‡i Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi Ò†e÷ gvB‡µvI‡qfÓ-Gi mvP©
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gv‡m| G‡Z eySv hv‡”Q, GKwU †cÖvWv‡±i g~j wKIqv‡W©i mv‡_ AviI †ekwKQz wfbœ wfbœ wKIqvW©hy³ Kiv n‡j
Zvi wewfbœ mvP© fwjDg †`Lv hv‡e| A_©vr, GKB †cÖvWv± wewfbœ †µZv †Kbvi Rb¨ wewfbœfv‡e mvP© Bwćb
mvP© K‡i _v‡Kb| wKIqvW© wb‡q mn‡R wimvP© Ki‡Z †cBW Ges wd« Dfq †¶‡Î ÒwKIqvW© wiwfjviÓ †ek
¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKIqvW© wimvP© Uzj| www.keywordrevealer.com mvB‡U A¨vKvD›U Ly‡j mn‡R wKIqvW©
wimvP© Kiv hvq| Avm‡j wimv‡P©i Rb¨ †ek K‡qKwU wKIqvW© wimvP© Uzj e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv
†cÖvWv± wKIqv‡W©i wel‡q GKUv wm×všÍ †bqv hvq †h †mB wKIqvW© wb‡q KvR Kiv hv‡e Kx hv‡e bv| Avi
KvR Ki‡Z n‡j Kx iKg Kg©cš’v Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e|

212-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-51

BDwUDe gv‡K©wUs
eZ©gv‡b c„w_exi wØZxq me©vwaK RbwcÖq mvP© Bwćbi bvg BDwUDe| ¸M‡ji c‡iB Gi Ae¯’vb| I‡q‡e
†Kvb ai‡bi Kb‡U›U ivRZ¡ Ki‡Q Zv BDwUD‡ei RbwcÖqZv †`L‡jB †evSv hvq| B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvixiv
AwWI-wfRy¨qvj ev wfwWI Kb‡U‡›Ui Rb¨ BDwUD‡ei w`‡K Szu‡K c‡o‡Qb|
gvby‡li g‡bi GKUv Abyf‚wZ‡K `k©K-†kÖvZv‡`i Kv‡Q cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ nvRvi nvRvi k‡ãi K_v ev †jLvi
cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ BDwUD‡ei gva¨‡g †mB GKB Abyf‚wZ gvÎ 10 †m‡K‡Ûi GKwU wfwWI w`‡q j¶-
†KvwU `k©K-†kÖvZvi mv‡_ †kqvi Kiv hvq| GK n‡jv gvbyl wfwWI Kb‡U›U cQ›` K‡ib, Avi `yB n‡jv †KvwU
†KvwU e¨enviKvix mg„× Ggb GKwU mywekvj I‡qe cø¨vUdg© hv wK-bv cÖvq wd«‡Z e¨envi Kiv hvq| ZvB
†dmey‡Ki g‡Zv RbwcÖq mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvMgva¨g‡K Qvwc‡q BDwUDe n‡q D‡V‡Q Z_¨, fvPz©qvj we‡bv`b
Ges cY¨ ev †mevi wWwRUvj wecY‡bi †K›`ªwe›`y|
Avgiv GB Aa¨v‡q av‡c av‡c B-Kgvm© †m±‡ii mv‡_ BDwUDe gv‡K©wUs‡qi m¤úK©, B-Kgv‡m© BDwUDe
gv‡K©wUs‡qi ¸iæZ¡, B-Kgv‡m©i Rb¨ BDwUDe wfwWIi aib, BDwUDe gv‡K©wUs‡qi †KŠkj BZ¨vw` welq
wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie|

BDwUDe gv‡K©wUs
GK`g mnR K‡i ej‡j, †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb ev †Kv‡bv eª¨v‡Ûi cY¨ ev †mevi cÖPviYvi Rb¨ wfwWI Kb‡U›U

c„ôv- 213
 evwb‡q Zv BDwUD‡e gv‡K©wUs‡qi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv‡K BDwUDe gv‡K©wUs e‡j| BDwUD‡e mvaviYZ wZb
ai‡bi e¨enviKvix _v‡Kb|

mvaviY wfwRUi ev `k©K

hviv ïaygvÎ cQ‡›`i wfwWI Kb‡U›U †`Lvi Rb¨ BDwUD‡e Av‡mb| wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci Z_¨ I we‡bv`b
Qvov Zv‡`i Avi †Zgb †Kv‡bv D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K bv|

BDwUDevi
hviv BDwUD‡ei Rb¨ wewfbœ wfwWI Kb‡U›U ˆZwi K‡ib| Giv wb‡R‡`i cÖPviYvi Rb¨ Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib, Avevi †Kv‡bv cY¨ ev †mevi gv‡K©wUs‡qi Rb¨I Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

†Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb ev eª¨vÛ

Giv Zv‡`i cY¨ ev †mevi cÖPviYvi Rb¨ mivmwi †cBW wfwWI Kb‡U›U evwb‡q mvaviY `k©K‡`i AvK…ó
Kivi †Póv K‡i| Gevi GK`g mn‡R †evSv hv‡e, †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb ev eª¨vÛ, Zv‡`i cY¨ ev †mevi
cÖPviYvi Rb¨ wfwWI evbv‡Z cv‡ib Avevi †Kv‡bv RbwcÖq BDwUDevi UvKvi wewbg‡q †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb
ev eª¨v‡Ûi cY¨ ev †mevi cÖPviYvi Rb¨ wfwWI evbv‡Z cv‡i| wfwWI Kb‡U›U¸‡jv †h c¶ †_‡KB AvmyK
bv †K‡bv Zv‡`i D‡Ïk¨ GKUvB, †mUv n‡jv mvaviY `k©K‡`i Kv‡Q gv‡K©wUs ev wecYb| GB cÖwµqv‡KB
mv`vgvUvfv‡e BDwUDe gv‡K©wUs e‡j|

BDwUDe gv‡K©wUs Ges B-Kgvm©

AbjvB‡b wfwWI gv‡K©wUs gnvg~j¨evb Uzj wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq hLb Avcbvi e¨emvi aibwU B-Kgvm©|
BDwUDe, †dmeyK, Bb÷vMÖvg Ges wfwgIÑ G¸‡jv AbjvB‡b wfwWI †kqvwis cø¨vUdg© wn‡m‡e Zzgyj
RbwcÖqZv †c‡q‡Q| Z‡e G‡`i g‡a¨ BDwUDe me‡P‡q †ewk RbwcÖq| ZvB GUv mn‡RB Abygvb Kiv hvq
†h, B-Kgvm© e¨emv †h‡nZz cY¨ ev †mev †Kbv‡ePvi GKwU wWwRUvj cø¨vUdg©, ZvB BDwUD‡ei g‡Zv RbwcÖq
Av‡iKwU wWwRUvj cø¨vUd‡g©i mv‡_ Gi Nwbô m¤úK© _vK‡e GUvB ¯^vfvweK|
B-Kgvm© mvBU¸‡jv Zv‡`i cY¨ ev †mevi cÖPviYvi Rb¨ BDwUDe gv‡K©wUs‡qi wewfbœ Uzj e¨envi K‡i
_v‡K| †µZviv wfwWI †`‡L Zv‡`i cY¨ ev †mev †Kbvi wm×všÍ wb‡q _v‡Kb| A‡bK †µZv ïaygvÎ cQ‡›`i
c‡Y¨i wfwWI †`‡Lb, A‡b‡K c‡Y¨i e¨enviwewa †`‡Lb, A‡b‡K Avevi cY¨wU e¨envi K‡i †mUvi Dci
†cv÷ Kiv †Kv‡bv wfwWI wiwfD †`Lvi Rb¨ BDwUD‡e Av‡mb| Gfv‡e mvaviY `k©KI wecYb cÖwµqvi
†fZ‡i P‡j Av‡mb|

B-Kgv‡m© BDwUDe gv‡K©wUs‡qi ¸iæZ¡

B-Kgvm© e¨emvq †Kv¤úvwbi cY¨ ev †mevi gv‡K©wUs‡qi Rb¨ wfwWI Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Kiv mgq I e¨q mv‡c¶
g‡b n‡jI GwU †h gv‡K©wUs Uzj wn‡m‡e AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Ki Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| aviYv Kiv n‡”Q, 2020
mv‡ji g‡a¨ wfwWI Kb‡U›U †MvUv B›Uvi‡bU `ywbqvi kZKiv 80 fvM UªvwdK wb‡Ri `L‡j wb‡q †b‡e|
cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv hvq †h, kZKiv 64 fvM mvaviY `k©K †Kv‡bv wfwWI †`Lvi c‡i AbjvB‡b cY¨ †Kbvi
wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| 90 kZvsk †µZv Rvwb‡q‡Qb, cY¨ †Kbvi wm×všÍ †bqvi mgq AbjvBb wfwWI Zv‡`i

214-c„ôv
mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| AviI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vcvi n‡jv, 58 kZvsk MÖvnK wek¦vm K‡ib †h, AbjvB‡b cY¨ ev †mevi
wfwWI i‡q‡Q Ggb †Kv¤úvwb ev mvBU¸‡jv wek¦vm‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i|
B-Kgvm© gv‡K©wUs‡q wfwWI Kb‡U›U hLb GZUvB kw³kvjx f‚wgKv ivL‡Q ZLb BDwUDe‡K Ô†mvbvi LwbÕ
ej‡Z nq| KviYÑ
cÖwZ gv‡m 1 wewjq‡biI †ewk BDwbK e¨enviKvix BDwUD‡e hvb|
BDwUD‡e cÖwZ gv‡m 6 wewjqb NÈviI †ewk wfwWI †`Lv nq, hv c„w_exi cÖwZwU gvby‡li Rb¨ cÖvq GK NÈv|
BDwUD‡e cÖwZ wgwb‡U 100 NÈv wfwWI Avc‡jvW nq|
BDwUD‡e cÖwZw`b K‡qK wgwjqb mvew¯Œckb N‡U|
¸M‡ji c‡iB GLb me‡P‡q †ewk mvP© Kiv nq BDwUD‡e|
†evSvB hv‡”Q B-Kgv‡m©i Rb¨ BDwUDe gv‡K©wUs GLb mg‡qi `vwe| GQvov BDwUD‡e Avcwb Avcbvi
mvB‡Ui ev c‡Y¨i †hme Z_¨ †kqvi Ki‡Z cv‡ibÑ
Kxfv‡e Avcbvi cY¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq|
c‡Y¨i me ˆewkó¨ Ges Kvh©KvwiZv eY©bv Kiv hvq|
cY¨ ev †mev wb‡q Lywk Ggb MÖvnK‡`i gZvgZ ev ch©v‡jvPbv †kqvi Kiv hvq|
Avcbvi cY¨ ev †mev‡K Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z GKUv Mí ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
MÖvnK‡`i Avcbvi e¨emvi D‡Ïk¨ Ges cY¨ ev †mevi gvb m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cv‡ib|
wfwWIi gva¨‡g Avcbvi c‡Y¨i Kvh©KvwiZv †`Lv‡Z cv‡ib|
Avcbvi cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i mv‡_ Avcbvi cY¨ ev †mevi Zzjbv †`Lv‡Z cv‡ib|
wfwWI m¤¢ve¨ †µZv‡`i gv‡S AviI †ewk AvZ¥wek¦vm ˆZwi Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
wfwWI Kb‡U›U Avcbvi m¤¢ve¨ MÖvnK‡`i Avcbvi cY¨ m¤ú‡K© AviI m‡PZb n‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| KviY
Zviv wb‡Ri †Pv‡L cY¨ ev †mevwUi ¸YMZ gvb †`L‡Z cv‡ib|

B-Kgv‡m©i Rb¨ BDwUDe wfwWIi aib

cY¨ ev †mev Ges †µZv‡`i ai‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i Avcwb wewfbœ ai‡bi BDwUDe wfwWI w`‡q gv‡K©wUs
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †hgbÑ

†cÖvWv± ev mvwf©‡mi mivmwi cÖPviYvg~jK weÁvcb

GBme wfwWIi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi gv‡K©wUs‡qi Rb¨ BDwUDe‡K mivmwi e¨envi Kiv nq| gv‡b
Avcwb Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi †h‡Kv‡bv †Uwjwfkb weÁvcb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv gva¨‡gi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘ZK…Z weÁvcb
mivmwi Avcbvi BDwUDe P¨v‡b‡j Avc‡jvW Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

eª¨vÛ m‡PZbZvg~jK wfwWI

mivmwi cÖPviYvg~jK weÁvc‡bi cvkvcvwk Avcwb Avcbvi eª¨v‡Ûi ¸YMZ gvb wb‡q wfwWI evbv‡Z cv‡ib|
hv Avcbvi m¤¢ve¨ †µZv‡`i g‡a¨ eª¨vÛ m‡PZbZv ˆZwi Ki‡e|

c„ôv- 215
 c‡Y¨i e¨enviwewa wb‡q wfwWI
Avcwb BDwUDe‡K Ggb GKwU P¨v‡bj wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib †hLv‡b Avcbvi MÖvnKiv cY¨ ev †mev
m¤úwK©Z wUD‡Uvwiqvj wfwWI¸‡jvi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i bvbv cÖ‡kœi DËi †c‡Z cv‡ib|
aiæb, Avcwb AbjvB‡b gvQ wkKvi Kivi wewfbœ miÄvg wewµ K‡ib| GLb Avcwb BDwUD‡e GKwU wfwWI
w`‡jb †hUv‡Z Kxfv‡e gv‡Qi Lvevi †iwW Kiv hvq Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| GB wfwWI †`‡L Avcbvi †µZviv
DcK…Z n‡eb| KviY Avcwb GUv‡Z Avcbvi †cÖvWv‡±i e¨enviwewa †`wL‡q‡Qb|

†µZv‡`i mš‘wóg~jK wfwWI

Avcbvi cY¨ ev †mev e¨envi K‡i †µZviv hLb cÖksmvg~jK wfwWI evbv‡eb †mUv Avcwb Avcbvi BDwUDe
P¨v‡b‡j Avc‡jvW Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avevi AvcwbI †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q wM‡q Avcbvi cY¨ ev †mevi wiwfD wb‡q
wfwWI evbv‡Z cv‡ib| BDwUDe G ai‡bi cÖPviYvi Rb¨ `y`©všÍ cø¨vUdg© n‡Z cv‡i|

B‡f›U Kvfv‡iR
A‡bK †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv cY¨ ev †mevi D‡Øvab jvBf †UwjKv‡÷i gva¨‡g BDwUD‡e cÖPvi K‡i|
GQvov bvbv ai‡bi B‡f‡›Ui wfwWI cÖPviYvi Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq| G‡Z K‡i Zv‡`i Kv÷gviiv
P¨v‡bjwUi mv‡_ †ewk K‡i hy³ _v‡Kb|

216-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-52

¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m
GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m gv‡K©wUs‡qi ¸iæZ¡ Ges c×wZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K wkÿYxq

¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m Kx Ges Zvi Kvh©KvwiZv|
¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©‡mi cÖwµqv Ges c×wZ|

¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m Kx?

¸Mj †h cÖwµqvq Zv‡`i AbjvBb weÁvcb †mev cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K Zv‡K ¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m e‡j|
weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvb wbw`©ó Keywords-Gi Dci Bid K‡i Google mvP© †iRv‡ë Zv‡`i Clickable
weÁvcb cÖPv‡ii my‡hvM †c‡q _v‡K| hLb †Kv‡bv Google e¨enviKvix Gme weÁvc‡b Click K‡i _v‡Kb,
weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvb ZLb Google-†K Bid Kiv A_© cwi‡kva K‡i Ges Gfv‡eB AdWord †mev
cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g Google Avq K‡i _v‡K|

c„ôv- 217
 ¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m KZUv Kvh©Kix
g~jZ weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôv‡bi Keywords wbe©vP‡bi Dci AdWords-Gi Kvh©KvwiZv wbf©i K‡i| hw`
Ggb nq, weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvb Ggb wKQz Keywords wbe©vPb Kij hvi mv‡_ cÖwZôv‡bi †Kv‡bv m¤cK©
†bB Ges Gme Keywords AbymÜvbKvixiv D³ cÖwZôv‡bi Target Customer bb, Zvn‡j Zviv KLbB
mvP© †iRv‡ë cÖPvwiZ weÁvc‡b Click Ki‡eb bv| Google AdWord AbjvBb weÁvcb cÖPv‡ii GKwU
Db¥y³ gva¨g| GLv‡b weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôv‡bi †KŠkjMZ Ae¯’v‡bi Dci Zv‡`i mdjZv wbf©i Ki‡Q|

Kxfv‡e AdWords-G weÁvcb w`‡Z nq Ges LiP cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq?

†h‡Kv‡bv weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvb Google AdWords A¨vKvD›U †Lvjvi gva¨‡g AdWords-G weÁvcb
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| AdWord LiP wba©vwiZ nq weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôv‡bi Bidding Ges Cost-Per-
Click-Gi Dci|

Google Ad Auction Kx?

†h cÖwµqvq GKRb e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb Zvi I‡qemvBU Ges †cR¸‡jv‡Z Kx ai‡bi weÁvcb cÖPvi Kiv
n‡e Zv wba©viY K‡ib Ges weÁvcb †_‡K Kx cwigvY Avq Ki‡eb Zv wba©viY K‡ib Zv‡K Google Ad
Auction e‡j| Google Ad Auction-Gi gva¨‡g weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvb m‡e©v”P Kx cwigvY A_© cÖ`vb
Ki‡Z B”QzK Zv Bidding-Gi gva¨‡g wba©viY Kiv nq| Google cÖwZ gv‡m AmsL¨evi Ad Auction
cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K Ges Gi gva¨‡gB GKRb Google e¨enviKvixi wbKU mwVK weÁvcbwU †cuŠ‡Q †`qv
m¤¢e nq|

Google Ad Auction Kxfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv nq

g~jZ eøM, I‡qemvBU, I‡qe‡cR, B-†gBj BZ¨vw` wewfbœ Display Network-Gi gva¨‡g Google
weÁvcb cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| mvaviYZ I‡qemvBU KZ©…c¶ Google-Gi wbKU Zv‡`i I‡qemvB‡U weÁvcb
cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ AbygwZ †P‡q _v‡K| I‡qemvBU KZ©…c¶ hw` Google cÖ`Ë me wbqgKvbyb †g‡b Zv‡`i
I‡qemvBU cwiPvjbv K‡i, Z‡e Ad Auction cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g Google weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨
Ad Position Ges CPC wba©viY K‡i|

Kxfv‡e Google Ad Auction-G †hvM`vb Ki‡eb

Google Ad Auction †ekwKQz ˆewk‡ó¨i wfwˇZ GKRb weÁvcb`vZv‡K Display Network-G weÁvcb
cÖPv‡ii my‡hvM w`‡q _v‡K| Keyword wbe©vPb, Keyword cÖvmw½KZv, Bidding, Quality Score
BZ¨vw`i Dci wbf©i Ki‡e Avcbvi weÁvcb Search Engine Result Page-G cÖPvi Kiv n‡e wK-bv|

CPC Kx?
CPC n‡jv Cost Per Click| †h cwigvY A_© GKwU weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvb Zvi AdWords Ad-G
cÖwZevi Click nIqvi Kvi‡Y Google-†K cwi‡kva K‡i _v‡K, Zv‡K CPC e‡j|

218-c„ôv
CPC Kxfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv nq?
Keywords wbe©vPb, m‡e©v”P Bids-Gi cwigvY Ges Quality Score BZ¨vw`i Dci wfwË K‡i CPC
wba©viY Kiv nq|

Average Cost Per Click Kx?

cÖwZevi GKRb AbymÜvbKvix AdWords Ad-G Click Kivi Kvi‡Y weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvb Average †h
cwigvY A_© Google-†K cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K, Zv‡K Average Cost Per Click e‡j|

Google Quality Score Kx?

Google Quality Score n‡jv GKwU we‡kl Metric hv e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g Google weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôv‡bi
Keywords wbe©vPb, weÁvc‡bi CTR (cost through rate) Ges Landing Page Quality we‡køl‡Yi
gva¨‡g †h‡Kv‡bv AdWord weÁvc‡bi Kvh©KvwiZv hvPvB K‡i _v‡K|

Google Kxfv‡e weÁvcb LiP wba©viY K‡i _v‡K

cÖPvwiZ weÁvc‡b me©‡gvU Click-Gi mgcwigvY A_© weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvb Google-†K cwi‡kva K‡i
_v‡K|

Google Ad Rank Kx?

†h cÖwµqvq m‡e©v”P Bidding Ges Quality Score-Gi wfwˇZ weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvcb Search
Engine Page-Gi †Kv_vq cÖKvwkZ n‡e Zv wba©vwiZ n‡q _v‡K, Zv‡K Google Ad Rank e‡j|

Ad Rank Ges Quality Score-Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨

Ad Rank-Gi gva¨‡g wba©viZ nq Display Network-Gi †Kvb As‡k weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvcb
cÖPvi Kiv n‡e| Ad Rank wbe©vPb K‡i weÁvcbwU I‡qe †c‡Ri Dc‡i bv wb‡P, Wv‡b ev euv‡q bvwK gv‡Si
†Kv‡bv As‡k cÖPvi Kiv n‡e| Quality Score wba©vwiZ nq Keyword Relevance, m‡e©v”P Bidding
Ges Landing Page-Gi wfwˇZ| Gi gva¨‡g hvPvB Kiv nq KZUv mn‡R GKRb AbymÜvbKvixi wbKU
GB weÁvcb †cuŠ‡Q †`qv m¤¢e|

Quality Score Ges CPC-Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨

Quality Score Ges CPC-Gi gva¨‡g wba©vwiZ nq Search Engine Result Page-Gi †Kvb As‡k
weÁvcb cÖPvi Kiv n‡e| ZvB GLv‡b Df‡qi ¸iæZ¡B mgvbfv‡e we`¨gvb|

AdWord Ad Position ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

GKwU I‡qe †c‡Ri wewfbœ As‡k mvaviYZ GKB mv‡_ A‡bK¸‡jv weÁvcb cÖPvi Kiv nq| Ad Position-
Gi gva¨‡g Display †c‡R cÖwZwU weÁvc‡bi Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v Ae¯’vb wbe©vPb Kiv nq|

c„ôv- 219
 Actual CPC Kx ?
†h cwigvY A_© GKwU weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvb Zvi weÁvc‡b cÖwZevi Click nIqvi Kvi‡Y Google-†K
cwi‡kva K‡i _v‡K, Zv‡K CPC e‡j| Actual CPC me mgq m‡e©v”P Bidding Price-Gi †P‡q Kg
n‡q _v‡K|

AdWords Kxfv‡e CPC g~j¨vqb K‡i ?

weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôv‡bi Ad Rank-†K cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i me©‡gvU msL¨v w`‡q fvM Ki‡j †h fvMdj cvIqv
hvq, Zvi wfwˇZ AdWords weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôv‡bi CPC g~j¨vqb K‡i|

weKí Bidding gva¨g¸‡jv Kx Kx ?

CPM Ges CPA n‡jv weKí Bidding gva¨g|

CPM Bidding Kx ?
Impression-Gi Dci wfwË K‡i g~jZ CPM Bidding wba©viY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| CPC Ges CPM-Gi
gv‡S cv_©K¨-cÖwZevi Click-Gi wfwˇZ hLb weÁvcb LiP wba©viY Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K CPC e‡j Ges
Impression-Gi wfwˇZ hLb weÁvcb LiP wba©viY Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K CPM e‡j|

AdWords Keywords Kx ?
AdWords Keyword ej‡Z †mme kã Ges evMavivmg~n‡K eySvq hvi Dci weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i
weÁvcb cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ Bid K‡i _v‡K| hLb †Kv‡bv Google e¨enviKvix D³ Keywords-mg~n Øviv
†Kv‡bv wKQz AbymÜvb Ki‡e, Search Engine Result Page-G D³ cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvcb cÖPvi Kiv n‡e|

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Kx ?

Search Engine Optimization n‡jv †h‡Kv‡bv I‡qemvB‡Ui Visibility Ges Traffic e„w× Kivi
GKwU cÖwµqv| g~jZ mwVK Keyword w`‡q welqe¯‘ mvRv‡bvi gva¨‡g AwZ `ªæZ †h‡Kv‡bv I‡qemvB‡Ui
Visibility Ges Traffic e„w× Kiv m¤¢e| GQvov I‡qemvB‡Ui Link Profile mwVKfv‡e SEO Kvh©µg
m¤cv`‡bi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|

Google Display Network Kx ?

†h †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g Google †Kv‡bv weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvcb cÖPvi K‡i _v‡K Ges AdWord
Kvh©µg m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K, Zv‡K Google Display Network ev ms‡¶‡c GDN e‡j| cÖvq 2
wgwjq‡biI †ewk I‡qemvBU, A¨vc, wfwWI BZ¨vw` wb‡q GB e„n`vKvi Google Display Network
MwVZ| Google Display Network-Gi gva¨‡g cÖvq 90 kZvsk B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvixi wbKU weÁvcb
†cuŠ‡Q †`qv m¤¢e|

Google Ad Group Kx Ges Kxfv‡e Ad Group cwiPvwjZ nq ?

A‡bK mgq GKB Keyword-Gi Dci wfwË K‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi weÁvcb †`qv nq Ges Gi Rb¨ Bidding

220-c„ôv
Kiv nq| Ad Group-Gi gva¨‡g Google weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni GKvwaK AdWords weÁvcb,
Keywords Ges Landing Page GK‡Î msMÖn K‡i _v‡K| Gi d‡j Google Zzjbvg~jK mnR Dcv‡q
Zv‡`i AdWords K¨v‡¤úBb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i|

AdWords-G Ad Relevance ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

cÖwZwU weÁvcb Zvi †µZv m¤cÖ`v‡qi wbKU GKwU evZ©v †cÖiY K‡i _v‡K| Ad Relevance-Gi gva¨‡g
hvPvB Kiv nq wbe©vwPZ Keywords Ges weÁvcb evZ©vi gv‡S mvgÄm¨Zv Av‡Q wK-bv? weÁvc‡b Kx ai‡bi
Kvjvi e¨envi n‡q‡Q, Landing Page wVK Av‡Q wK-bv BZ¨vw`| Keyword Ges Ad Relevance-Gi
Dci wbf©i K‡i weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôv‡bi Click-Through-Rate Ges Quality Score KZ n‡e|

Convertion Optimizer Kx ?
Gi gva¨‡g weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvb Kvh©Kix Dcv‡q Bid cÖwµqv‡K Manipulate K‡i Convertion-Gi
cwigvY evov‡Z cv‡i| Gi gva¨‡g weÁvcb`vZv cÖwZôvb cÖwZ Bid-Gi mgcwigvY A_© Abyhvqx Kx cwigvY
eva¨Zvg~jK Convertion n‡Z n‡e, Zv wba©viY K‡i|

¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©‡mi weÁvc‡bi aib

mvP© †bUIqvK© DB_ wWm‡cø wm‡j‡±i : Gi gva¨‡g ¸Mj mvP© BwÄb e¨enviKvix‡`i I I‡qe wfwRUi‡`i
mn‡R Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z cv‡i| mvP© †bUIqvK© DB_ wWm‡cø wm‡j‡±i Rb¨ cÖ_‡g wKIqvW© wm‡j± Ki‡Z
n‡e, ev‡RU wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e, A¨vW ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges me‡k‡l weW Ki‡Z n‡e| Avcbvi A¨vW wKQz
wba©vwiZ †c‡R †`Lv‡bv nq, †h †cR¸‡jvi wKIqvW© Avcbvi wba©vwiZ wKIqv‡W©i mv‡_ wg‡j hv‡e| hLb
Gme wba©vwiZ wKIqvW© w`‡q mvP© Ki‡eb, ZLb ¸Mj wWm‡cø †bUIqv‡K© GB A¨vW †`Lv‡bv n‡e| G Qvov
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†cÖvWv± †Kbvi cÖwZ AvMÖnx|

¸Mj mvP© †bUIqvK©

GwU n‡jv we‡kl wKQz I‡qemvBU Ges A¨vc‡mi mgwó, †hLv‡b Avcbvi A¨vWm cÖPvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| hLb
†Kv‡bv BDRv‡ii e¨eüZ mvP© wKIqvW© Avcbvi wba©vwiZ wKIqv‡W©i mv‡_ wg‡j hv‡e, ïay ZLbB Zvi mvP©
†iRv‡ë Avcbvi A¨vWm †`Lv‡bv n‡e|

wWm‡cø †bUIqvK©
cÖvq 20 jvL I‡qemvBU, wfwWI Ges A¨vcm w`‡q wWm‡cø †bUIqvK© MwVZ| Gi gva¨‡g Avcbvi A¨vWm
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A¨vWm †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

c„ôv- 221
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K‡i †Zvjv hvq| wes A¨vWm m¤c‡K© Av‡iv Rvb‡Z wfwRU KiæbÑ advertise.bingads.microsoft.com/
en-us/resources/training/courses

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†hme AvBwb cÖwµqv GKRb B-Kgvm© e¨emvqxi Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb

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GB mµvšÍ me AvBb, hv mevB‡K gvb‡Z nq

cÖ‡hvR¨ AvBbmg~n :
The Income Tax Ordinance, 1984
The Companies Act, 1994
The Partnership Act, 1928
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gv‡K©wUs P¨v‡bj wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q Ges e¨emv e„wׇZ GwU A‡bK f‚wgKv ivL‡Q| D`vniY¯^iƒc,
Nordstrom wWcvU©‡g›U †÷vi wb‡R‡`i M‡elYvq †ei K‡i †h, B-†gB‡ji †P‡q GmGgG‡mi gva¨‡g
Zviv A‡bK †µZvi Kv‡Q mn‡RB Zv‡`i evZ©v †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
GB gva¨g e¨envi Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv ai‡bi we‡kl A¨vcm e¨envi Ki‡Z nq bv Ges †Zgb we‡kl cÖvhyw³K
Áv‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| GKwU GmGgG‡m Kg kãweb¨vm _v‡K weavq GwU co‡Z MÖvnK‡`i Kg mgq jv‡M
Ges Zviv Lye `ªæZ cÖwZwµqv †`Lv‡Z cv‡ib| †g‡mR gy‡Q †`qvi Av‡M MÖvnK AšÍZ GKev‡ii Rb¨ n‡jI
evZ©v c‡ob, hvi Kvi‡Y B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs‡qi †P‡q GwU A‡bK wbf©i‡hvM¨|

c„ôv- 231
 Zv Qvov GK mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q, ¯§vU©‡dvb e¨enviKvix‡`i msL¨v D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e e„w× cvIqvi Kvi‡Y
†hLv‡b wWwRUvj wgwWqvq Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨envi 40 kZvsk, †mLv‡b ¯§vU©‡dvb e¨eüZ nq 60 kZvsk|
me©e„nr AbjvBb wi‡UBjvi A¨vgvRb Ges Uv‡M©‡Ui cÖwZwbwa e‡jb †h, Zviv 60 kZvsk UªvwdK †gvevBj
†_‡K †c‡q‡Qb Ges QzwUi w`b¸‡jv‡Z Zv AviI e„w× †c‡q‡Q|

mvaviY †gvevBj †g‡m‡Ri cwimsL¨vb

†gvevB‡j Avmv GmGgGm evZ©vi 90 kZvsk wZb wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ cov nq| †U·U †g‡mR M‡o cuvP
†m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ cov nq| ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi gvwjK‡`i ïay 43 kZvsk Zv‡`i †dvbKj †`qvi Rb¨ e¨envi K‡i,
wKš‘ 70 kZvsk †U·U e¨enviKvix| †hLv‡b e¨enviKvix B-†gBj †_‡K M‡o †imcÝ Ki‡Z 90 wgwbU
mgq †bb, †mLv‡b †U·U †_‡K gvÎ †imcÝ Ki‡Z 90 †m‡KÛ mgq †bb| 55 kZvsk †g‡mwRs‡q Af¨¯Í
e¨enviKvixiv †dvbK‡ji †P‡q †U·U †g‡mR †ewk cQ›` K‡ib|

e¨emv †U·wUs cwimsL¨vb

79 kZvsk †Kv¤cvwb aviYv K‡i †h Kv÷gviiv GmGgGm evZ©vi mv‡cvU© †ewk Pvb| A‡a©‡Ki †ewk †µZv
GmGgG‡mi gva¨‡g Kv÷gvi mv‡cvU© G‡R‡›Ui mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z ¯^v”Q›`¨‡eva K‡ib| hviv GmGgG‡mi
gva¨‡g gv‡K©wUs K‡ib, Zv‡`i Kbfvm©b †iU, GmGgGm gv‡K©wUs Ae¨enviKvix‡`i †P‡q 40 kZvsk
†ewk _v‡K| 75 kZvsk gvbyl †Kv¤cvwbi Advi GmGgG‡mi gva¨‡g †c‡Z cQ›` K‡ib| Avw_©K †mevi
†Kv¤cvwb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 20 kZvsk Zv‡`i e¨envi MwZ a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ Ges cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ †gvevBj †g‡mwRs
mvwf©m e¨envi K‡i|

myweavmg~n
†Kv¤cvwbi evZ©v KZRb m¤¢v‡e¨i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv n‡q‡Q †mUvB gv‡K©wUs‡qi me‡P‡q eo P¨v‡jÄ|
GmGgGm evZ©v Zvr¶wYKfv‡e †cÖwiZ Kv÷gvi‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q hvq Ges 15 kZvs‡ki g‡a¨ 97
kZvsk wiwWs †iU _v‡K, hv B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †mvk¨vj gv‡K©wUs‡qi gva¨‡g AR©b Kiv
m¤¢e nq bv|
Ab¨vb¨ gv‡K©wUs gva¨g †hgb †mvk¨vj wgwWqv Ges B-†gB‡ji mv‡_ mgš^q K‡i mv‡cvU© Ges
gv‡K©wUs‡qi cÖmvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
GmGgGm GKwU A‡bK fv‡jv P¨v‡bj hvi gva¨‡g Kv÷gvi‡`i KvQ †_‡K mv‡f© gva¨‡g wdWe¨vK †bqv
hvq| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, 31 kZvsk †µZv 5 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ mv‡f©‡Z †imcÝ K‡ib|
†Kv¤cvwbi mv‡_ Kv÷gvi‡`i Gb‡MR‡g›U evov‡Z GmGgG‡mi f‚wgKv A‡bK| cÖwZw`‡bi Avc‡WU,
Lei, Advi GmGgG‡mi gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq| wKš‘ GLv‡b Kg k‡ãi g‡a¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z nq, ZvB
m„RbkxjZvi cwiPq w`‡Z nq|
GmGgGm cvVv‡bvi gva¨‡g †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q Uvbv hvq Ges Zv‡`i‡K mn‡RB AbymiY Kiv hvq| Gi
d‡j A¨vbvwjwUKm¸‡jv M‡elYv K‡i e¨emv‡K AviI MwZkxj Ges kw³kvjx Kiv hvq|
evZ©v cvVv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv ai‡bi wewawb‡la †bB| gv‡K©Uv‡ii ev‡R‡Ui Dci wfwË K‡i hZ Lywk
ZZ GmGgGm cvVv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| A¨vKvD›U eøK Kivi †Kv‡bv SzuwK †bB hv B-†gBj K¨v‡¤úB‡b
Av‡Q| wbw`©ó cwigvY B-†gBj †_‡K ¯ú¨vg wi‡cvU© G‡j B-†gBj A¨vKvD›U eøK n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
GmGgG‡mi †Kv‡bv ¯c¨vg †dvìvi †bB| ZvB GmGgGm mivmwi †gvevB‡ji Bbe‡· †cuŠ‡Q| hvi
d‡j †U·U evZ©v covi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
†Kv‡bv ai‡bi wWRvB‡bi `iKvi c‡o bv| mnR Ges ïay 160 k‡ãi g‡a¨ evZ©v cvVv‡Z n‡e|

232-c„ôv
 AÂjwfwËK ev †RjvwfwËK ev †µZvwfwËK K¨vUvMwi Abyhvqx †g‡mR cvVv‡bv hvq| aiv hvK, †Kv‡bv
gv‡K©Uv‡ii mvwf©m hw` LyjbvwfwËK ev IB GjvKvq we‡klfv‡e †Kv‡bv †cÖvWv± cÖ‡gvkb Ki‡Z Pvq,
Zvn‡j mn‡RB GmGgGm K¨v‡¤cB‡bi gva¨‡g Kvh©Kixfv‡e Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Kxfv‡e WvUv‡eR msMÖn

†gvevBj WvUv‡eR A‡bK Dcv‡q msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ gv‡K©Uvi‡`i me mgq GKwU welq †Lqvj
ivLv DwPZ †h WvUv‡eR msMÖn ev K¨v‡¤cB‡bi mgq MÖvnK hv‡Z A¯^w¯Íi ev weiw³i g‡a¨ bv c‡ob| G‡Z
†Kv¤cvwbi eª¨vÛ f¨vjy K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii Adv‡ii gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ wWwRUvj wgwWqvq cÖ‡gvkb
Pvwj‡q †gvevBj WvUv‡eR msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †Kv¤cvwbi mvB‡U mvBbAvc Kivi mgqI bv¤^vi msMÖn
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ bv¤^vi WvUv‡e‡R msMÖn Kivi Av‡M †Kv¤cvwb †µZvi KvQ †_‡K AbygwZ wb‡q †bqv
DwPZ| mvaviYZ `yB Dcv‡q GmGgGm cvVv‡bv nq| GKwU gvw¯‹s, Av‡iKwU Avbgvw¯‹s| gvw¯‹s weR‡bm
GmGgG‡mi gva¨‡g †U·‡Ui mv‡_ AvBwW †`Lv‡e| A_©vr †K cvwV‡q‡Q Zv eySv hvq| †hgb MÖvgxY‡dvb,
¯^cœ, Avos BZ¨vw`| Avbgvw¯‹s GmGgG‡m MÖvnK AvBwW †`L‡Z cvi‡eb bv| †hgb 2222, 2621 GB
ai‡bi bv¤^vi †_‡K A‡bK mgq MÖvnK †U·U evZ©v †c‡q _v‡Kb| GK mgx¶vq †`Lv hvq, Avbgvw¯‹s †U·U
†g‡m‡Ri †P‡q gvw¯‹s †g‡m‡Ri cvV‡Ki msL¨v †ewk| eª¨vÛ f¨vjyi Ic‡iI †U·U †g‡m‡Ri I‡cb †iU
wbf©i K‡i| †µZv eª¨vÛ f¨vjy‡K cÖvavb¨ †`b Ges `ªæZ mvov †`b|

j¶Yxq welqmg~n
GmGgGm Kg k‡ãi g‡a¨ cvVv‡bv fv‡jv| †ewk k‡ã LiP evo‡Z cv‡i Ges MÖvn‡Ki g‡bv‡hvM a‡i
ivLv KwVb n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB GB †¶‡Î gv‡K©Uvi‡`i m„RbkxjZvi cwiPq w`‡Z n‡e| KviY †U·‡Ui
gva¨‡g †µZvi †imcÝ NUv‡Z n‡e| Avi Aek¨B bv¤^v‡ii mv‡_ †Kv¤cvwbi AbjvBb mvB‡Ui wj¼ ev
Kj Uz A¨vKkb evUb †`qv DwPZ| G‡Z †µZvi †mB eª¨vÛ m¤c‡K© wek¦vm evo‡e| Drmvnx †µZv †mB
wj‡¼ wK¬K K‡i †mB †cR evmv †_‡KB wfwRU Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
gv‡K©Uv‡ii Kv‡Q hw` fv‡jv WvUv‡eR bv _v‡K Zvn‡j GmGgGm cÖPviYvq †Kv‡bv jvf nq bv|
WvUv‡eR me mgq Uv‡M©‡UW †µZvevÜe n‡Z n‡e| †KD hw` h‡kvi GjvKvq GmGgGm K¨v‡¤cBb
Pvjv‡Z Pvb, wKš‘ †gvevBj †dvb b¤^i Ab¨ GjvKvi, Zvn‡j †Kv‡bv ai‡bi Kbfvm©b †iU bvI †c‡Z
cv‡ib| Avevi kvwo hw` bvix‡`i e`‡j cyiæl‡`i Kv‡Q K¨v‡¤úBb Kiv nq Zvn‡j †Zgb †imcÝ
cvIqv bvI †h‡Z cv‡i|
GmGgGm gv‡K©U Kvh©Kix n‡jI Gi †mevg~j¨ Ab¨ wWwRUvj wgwWqvi †P‡q GKUz †ewk| ZvB Kg
ev‡RU n‡j GB ai‡bi GmGgGm K¨v‡¤úBb bv Pvjv‡bvB fv‡jv|
†Kv‡bv gv‡K©Uvi hw` †Kv‡bv ai‡bi wbw`©ó mvwf©m cÖ‡gvkb Pvjv‡Z Pvb Zvn‡jI †imcÝ Kg †c‡Z
cv‡ib| †hgbÑ †Kv‡bv †R¨vwZlx hw` GmGgGm cÖPviYv Pvjvb Zvn‡j GB ai‡bi mvwf©‡m A‡b‡K
AvMÖn bvI †`Lv‡Z cv‡ib| hvi d‡j †Zgb mvov covi m¤¢vebv Kg _v‡K| wKš‘ GLb AbjvBb
gv‡K©U‡cøm †hgb A¨vgvRb hw` †Kv‡bv cÖPviYv Pvjvq Zvn‡j GwUi mvov A‡bK †ewk n‡e| KviY
†µZviv Zv‡`i cQ‡›`i cY¨ IB mvB‡U wM‡q †`L‡Z cvi‡eb|

c„ôv- 233
 Aa¨vq-56

B-Kgvm© †iwfwbD g‡Wj

B-Kgvm© ev B‡jKUªwbK Kgvm© mvaviYfv‡e cY¨ ev †mev †Kbv‡ePvi gva¨g wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡jI GB
BÛvw÷ªi Av‡qi Drm ev †iwfwbD ïaygvÎ cY¨ ev †mev †Kbv‡ePv‡ZB mxgve× bq| gv‡b cÖPwjZ e¨emvq
†hLv‡b †µZv-we‡µZvi g‡a¨ cY¨ ev †mev †Kbv‡ePv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB Av‡qi welqwU wba©vwiZ nq †mLv‡b
B-Kgvm© ev AbjvBb e¨emvq Avq ev †iwfwbD‡qi Drm eûgyLx n‡q _v‡K| me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vcvi n‡jv,
B-Kgvm© e¨emvq Av‡qi Drm¸‡jv KLbI mxgve× _v‡K bv| AbjvBb e¨emvi GB cø¨vUdg©wU mg‡qi mv‡_
mv‡_ Av‡qi bZzb bZzb c_‡K e¨emvqx‡`i mvg‡b Db¥y³ K‡i Ges fwel¨‡ZI Ki‡Z _vK‡e| mnR GKwU
D`vniY w`‡jB e¨vcviwU cwi®‹vi n‡q hv‡e| aiæb, Avcbvi GKwU I‡qemvBUwfwËK AbjvBb bvm©vwi
i‡q‡Q, †hUv‡Z Avcwb wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii Mv‡Qi Pviv I exR Ges GB msµvšÍ †mev †Kbv‡ePv K‡ib| G‡¶‡Î
mvaviYfv‡eB Avcbvi Av‡qi ev †iwfwbD‡qi cÖavbZg Drm n‡Z cv‡i AbjvB‡b ev mivmwi MÖvnK‡`i
Kv‡Q LyPiv I cvBKvwi cY¨ weµq| wKš‘ Avcbvi e¨emvi cø¨vUdg©wU †h‡nZz B-Kgvm© ZvB Avcbvi mvg‡b
AviI †ekwKQy Av‡qi c_ †Lvjv _vK‡Q| †hgbÑ I‡qemvB‡U Avmv weÁvcb †_‡K †iwfwbD †c‡Z cv‡ib|
I‡qemvB‡U mvew¯Œckb wdÕi wewbg‡q †g¤^viwkc †_‡K †iwfwbD †c‡Z cv‡ib|
cY¨ †Wwjfvwii Rb¨ †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ KwgkbwfwËK Pzw³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †hLv‡b Avcbvi GKwU Ask
_vK‡e| cY¨ ev †mevi g~j¨ cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ †c‡g›U Uªvb‡RKkb wd †_‡KI †iwfwbD Avm‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e
Avcbvi AbjvBb bvm©vwi †_‡K bvbv c‡_ Avcwb Avq ev †iwfwbD †c‡Z cv‡ib Ges fwel¨‡Z Avcbvi
mvg‡b AviI wewfbœ c_ Ly‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| Av‡qi GB bZzb bZzb c_ m„wó nIqv KLbI †kl n‡q hv‡e bv|

234-c„ôv
KviY mgq, Z_¨cÖhyw³ Ges †µZv‡`i Pvwn`v cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ B-Kgvm© †m±‡i bZzb bZzb †iwfwbD
g‡Wj hy³ n‡Z _v‡K|

B-Kgvm© †iwfwbD g‡Wj

†evSvB hv‡”Q, B-Kgv‡m©i Av‡qi wewfbœ LvZ‡K GK GKwU B-Kgvm© †iwfwbD g‡Wj ejv n‡”Q| †Kv‡bv
B-Kgvm© e¨emv ïiæ Kivi Av‡M †hme ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ wb‡Z nq Zvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg GKwU n‡jv, Kx ai‡bi
†iwfwbD g‡Wj Avcwb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z Pvb| KviY, B-Kgvm© †m±‡i Av‡qi Drm ev LvZ¸‡jv‡K gv_vq †i‡LB
weR‡bm g‡Wj ˆZwi Kiv nq|
Kxfv‡e Avcwb Avq Ki‡eb †mB Abycv‡ZB Avcbv‡K cY¨ ev †mev wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e, weµq †KŠkj
wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e, Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e, gv‡K©wUs †KŠkj wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| gv‡b †iwfwbD g‡W‡ji
Dci Avcbvi mvgwMÖK e¨emvi `„wófw½ wbf©i Ki‡e|

B-Kgv‡m©i Rb¨ eûj cÖPwjZ †iwfwbD g‡Wjmg~n

Av‡MB e‡jwQ, †iwfwbD g‡Wj wewfbœ iK‡gi n‡Z cv‡i Ges mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ G¸‡jv cwieZ©b n‡Z
cv‡i| Z‡e Avgiv GB Aa¨v‡q B-Kgvm© †m±‡i eûj cÖPwjZ Ges me©vwaK mdj †iwfwbD g‡Wj¸‡jv wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kie|

†mjm †iwfwbD g‡Wj

B-Kgvm© †m±‡i GLb Aewa me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüZ Ges GB †m±‡ii e¨emvqx‡`i Kv‡Q me‡P‡q †ewk
MÖnY‡hvM¨ †iwfwbD g‡WjwU n‡jv †mjm †iwfwbD g‡Wj| GB g‡W‡j LyPiv I cvBKvwi we‡µZviv wewfbœ
AbjvBb cø¨vUdg© e¨envi K‡i Zv‡`i Kv‡Q _vKv †cÖvWv± ev mvwf©m †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q wewµ K‡i _v‡Kb|
†mjm †iwfwbD g‡Wj d‡jv K‡i Ggb cÖwZwôZ wKQy B-Kgvm© †Kv¤úvwbi bvg ej‡jB e¨vcviUv mnR n‡q
hv‡e, †hgbÑ Avwjevev WUKg, Avwjevev G·‡cÖm WUKg, A¨vgvRb WUKg, iKgvwi WUKg, `vivR wewW
WUKg, PvjWvj WUKg BZ¨vw`|
eZ©gv‡b A‡bK cÖwZôvb Av‡Q †h¸‡jv mivmwi †`vKvb ev †kviæ‡g wb‡R‡`i cY¨ ev †mev cÖ`k©b K‡iB
e¨emv K‡i _v‡K, wKš‘ Gi cvkvcvwk AbjvB‡bI wb‡R‡`i B-Kgvm© mvBU cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| G ai‡bi
B-Kgvm© mvBU¸‡jvI GB †iwfwbD g‡Wj d‡jv K‡i e¨emv K‡i|

†mjm †iwfwbD g‡W‡ji myweav-Amyweav

myweav
†µZv‡`i wb‡R‡`i evmvq e‡m †KbvKvUvi my‡hvM Ges AdzišÍ cY¨ †`‡L cQ›` Kivi my‡hvM _vKvq GB
†iwfwbD g‡Wj B-Kgvm© †m±‡ii Rb¨ me‡P‡q MÖnY‡hvM¨ g‡Wj| ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb Kg _v‡K,
ZvB jf¨vsk Kg †kqvi Ki‡Z nq, d‡j jvf †ewk _v‡K| GQvov GB g‡W‡j Z…Zxq c‡¶i cY¨ ev †mev
mn‡R †ePv‡Kbv Kiv hvq| †QvU-eo me e¨emvqxi Rb¨ GB g‡Wj mydj G‡b w`‡Z cv‡i|

c„ôv- 235
 Amyweav
GB g‡W‡j e¨emv Ki‡Z n‡j cY¨ ev †mevi gvb eRvq †i‡L Kv÷gvi‡`i wek¦vm AR©b Ki‡Z nq Ges
cÖwZwU Kv÷gvi‡K mgvb ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q e¨emv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq| GUvB GB g‡W‡ji me‡P‡q eo P¨v‡jÄ|

weÁvcbwbf©i †iwfwbD g‡Wj

Avcbvi hw` GKwU I‡qemvBUwfwËK B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb _v‡K Ges †mUv hw` mvaviY †µZv-we‡µZv ev
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evQvB Kiv Avcbvi Rb¨ myweavRbK| GwU B-Kgvm© e¨emvi Rb¨ me‡P‡q K¬vwmK I mnR †iwfwbD g‡Wj
wn‡m‡eI cwiwPZ|
hLb Avcbvi I‡qemvB‡U B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvix‡`i e¨vcK UªvwdK ev wePiY _v‡K ZLb A‡bK AbjvBb
cÖwZôvb I †bUIqvK© Avcbvi mvB‡U weÁvcb w`‡Z PvB‡e| KviY Gi gva¨‡g Zviv Zv‡`i Kvw•ÿZ
Kv÷gvi‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z cvi‡e| Zviv Avcbvi mvB‡Ui wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b Qwe, †U·U ev AwWI-wfwWIwbf©i
A¨vW cÖPvi Ki‡Z PvB‡e| weÁvcbwbf©i †iwfwbD g‡Wj Avevi wewfbœ gva¨‡g Kvh©Ki n‡Z cv‡i| †hgbÑ

mivmwi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g

wKQy wKQy †¶‡Î weÁvcb`vZv‡`i mv‡_ mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Pzw³ n‡Z cv‡i| †Kv_vq, KZUzKz RvqMv
Ry‡o, KZ¶Y ev KZw`b weÁvcbwU Avcbvi mvB‡U †`Lv hv‡e| hw`I GUv GLb †ek Kg †`Lv hvq|

¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m Ges A¨vW‡mÝ

¸Mj A¨vW‡mÝ Ges ¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m GLb Aewa me‡P‡q wbf©i‡hvM¨ AbjvBb weÁvcbcÖvwßi gva¨g,
hviv ¸Mj mvP© Bwćbi gva¨‡g fv‡jv UªvwdK Av‡Q Ggb mvB‡U ¯^qswµqfv‡e weÁvcb cvVvq| Avcwb
PvB‡j †Kv‡bv weÁvcb ivL‡ZI cv‡ib Avevi mwi‡qI w`‡Z cv‡ib| ¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m Ges A¨vW‡mÝ
†_‡K mvaviYZ Cost Per Click (CPC) ev Cost Per Mile (CPM) BZ¨vw` WvUvi Dci wbf©i K‡i
Avcbvi †iwfwbD Avm‡Z _vK‡e|

weÁvcbwbf©i †iwfwbD g‡W‡ji myweav-Amyweav

myweav
ïiæ‡ZB e‡jwQ †iwfwbDi GB g‡WjwU †_‡K me‡P‡q mn‡R Avq Kiv hvq| N‡i e‡mB wb‡Ri mvBUwU‡K
†gBb‡UBb K‡iI Avcwb Avq Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ZvB c„w_exi †ewkifvM B-Kgvm© mvBU GB g‡WjwU e¨envi
K‡i Avq K‡i|

Amyweav
†h‡nZz cÖPzi UªvwdK Qvov fv‡jv weÁvcb cvIqv hvq bv, ZvB GB g‡W‡ji Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq j¶ j¶
e¨enviKvixi A¨vKwUf wePiY| †hUv mvB‡U wb‡q Avmv GKwU P¨v‡jÄ| GQvov GLb A‡bK B›Uvi‡bU
e¨enviKvix weÁvcb‡K weiw³Ki g‡b K‡ib Ges †ewk weÁvcb _vK‡j Zviv †mB mvBUwU‡Z Avi cÖ‡ek
Ki‡Z Pvb bv|

236-c„ôv
A¨vwdwj‡qU †iwfwbD g‡Wj
A¨vwdwj‡qU †iwfwbD g‡Wj n‡jv Av‡iKwU RbwcÖq g‡Wj| mnRfv‡e ej‡j, GwU GKwU KwgkbwfwËK
†iwfwbD g‡Wj| GB g‡W‡j †h‡Kv‡bv e¨emvqx Ges we‡µZv Zv‡`i cY¨ ev †mevi weÁvcb ev †m¸‡jv
wewµ Kivi Rb¨ mycwiwPZ †Kv‡bv B-Kgvm ©cø¨vUd‡g© cÖ`k©b K‡ib| Gi wewbg‡q †mB B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb‡K
Zviv Zv‡`i cY¨ ev †mev wewµi jv‡fi GKwU Ask cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb| gv‡b Zviv KwgkbwfwËK fv‡e
Pzw³e× _v‡Kb| †hgbÑ `vivR wKsev A¨vgvR‡b Avcwb Avcbvi †Kv‡bv †cÖvWv± ev mvwf©m wewµi D‡Ï‡k¨
ivL‡jb| †mLvb †_‡K †Kv‡bv †mj n‡j Pzw³ Abyhvqx Avcbv‡K jv‡fi GKwU Ask `vivR ev A¨vgvRb‡K
w`‡Z n‡e| Avevi Gi wecixZI n‡Z cv‡i| A¨vgvR‡bi †Kv‡bv cY¨ ev †mevi weÁvcb Avcwb Avcbvi
e¨w³MZ †Kv‡bv mycwiwPZ mvB‡U cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges †mUv wewµi Dci Avcwb Kwgkb †c‡Z cv‡ib|

A¨vwdwj‡qU †iwfwbD g‡W‡ji myweav-Amyweav

myweav
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ myweav n‡jv GwU weÁvcbwbf©i †iwfwbD g‡W‡ji †_‡K †ewk cwigv‡Y †iwfwbD wb‡q Av‡m|
GQvov GB g‡Wj `ywU †Kv¤úvwb‡KB jvfevb K‡i|

Amyweav
Avcwb hw` B-Kgv‡m© cÖ_g cv †`b Zvn‡j Avcbv‡K gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e †h, GB g‡W‡j †h Avq n‡e Zv
Avcbvi wewb‡qvM, weµxZ cY¨ ev †mevi cwigvY Ges AwW‡qÝ †imc‡Ýi Zzjbvq h‡_ó Kg n‡e|

Uªvb‡RKkbvj †iwfwbD g‡Wj

†ewkifvM B-Kgvm© cÖwZôv‡b cY¨ ev †mevi `vg †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ †c‡g›U Uªvb‡RKk‡bi GK ev GKvwaK
gva¨g _v‡K| †hgb mnR WUK‡g ev‡mi wUwKU KvU‡j Gi `vg †c‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ weKvk, i‡KU wKsev bM`
†c‡g›U cø¨vUdg©¸‡jvi myweav †bqv hvq| GLb GB weKvk, i‡KU wKsev bM` Zv‡`i cø¨vUdg© e¨env‡ii Rb¨
we‡µZvi KvQ †_‡K cÖwZwU Uªvb‡RKk‡b GKwU wd PvR© K‡i| Avevi we‡µZv ev †mjviiv mvaviY †µZv‡`i
Kv‡Q Uªvb‡RKkb wd eve` mvgwMÖKfv‡e GKwU PvR© wb‡q _v‡Kb| GUvB Uªvb‡RKkbvj †iwfwbD g‡Wj|
†c-cvj n‡jv AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e eûj e¨eüZ GKwU †c‡g›U cø¨vUdg©| hviv we‡µZv‡`i KvQ †_‡K cÖwZwU
Uªvb‡RKk‡b GKwU wd PvR© K‡i|

Uªvb‡RKkbvj †iwfwbD g‡W‡ji myweav-Amyweav

myweav
GB †iwfwbD g‡WjwU‡Z me e¨emvqx AvK…ó nb, KviY GwU me‡P‡q mn‡R cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|

Amyweav
†h‡nZz GwU me‡P‡q mn‡R cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq ZvB †ewkifvM B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †c‡g›U
cø¨vUd‡g©i Dci wbf©i bv K‡i wb‡RivB GKwU Uªvb‡RKkb gva¨g ˆZwi K‡i †d‡j| d‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB
cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ev‡o, †mevi `vg K‡g Ges jv‡fi cwigvY Kg‡Z _v‡K|

c„ôv- 237
 mvew¯Œckb †iwfwbD g‡Wj
wKQy B-Kgvm© cÖwZôvb Av‡Q †h¸‡jv Zv‡`i Kv÷gvi‡`i NÈv, w`b, mvßvwnK, gvwmK wKsev evwl©K GKwU
Li‡Pi wewbg‡q †Kv‡bv cY¨ ev †mev e¨env‡ii myweav cÖ`vb K‡i| mnR K_vq, wewfbœ †gqv‡` mvew¯Œckb
wdÕi wewbg‡q GKwU †mev †Kbv‡ePv Kiv‡KB mvew¯Œckb †iwfwbD g‡Wj e‡j| GB g‡W‡ji me‡P‡q
cwiwPZ D`vniY n‡jv †bUwd¬·, AvBwd¬·, A¨vgvRb cÖvBg, BDwUDe wcÖwgqvg BZ¨vw`| GQvov GLb A‡bK
WvUvwbf©i mvBU, AbjvBb wewfbœ †Kvm©, AbjvBb cov‡jLv BZ¨vw` GB †iwfwbD g‡Wj‡K Zv‡`i cÖavb
Av‡qi c_ wn‡m‡e †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q|

mvew¯Œckb †iwfwbD g‡W‡ji myweav-Amyweav

myweav
GB g‡W‡j Avcbvi MÖvnK msL¨v hw` fv‡jv n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j Avcwb Kvw•ÿZ †iwfwbDi †_‡KI †ewk
cv‡eb| Avi GKwU I‡cb wm‡µU n‡jv, A‡bK B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvix ïaygvÎ Zv‡`i AjmZv Avi
Lvg‡Lqvwjcbvi Kvi‡Y cÖ‡qvRb bv n‡jI GB ai‡bi mvBU †_‡K Avb-mve¯ŒvBe K‡ib bv| d‡j Zv‡`i
†_‡K GKUv †iwfwbD Avm‡ZB _v‡K|

Amyweav
GB g‡W‡j A‡bK eo GKwU MÖvnK †kÖwY‡K mš‘ó ivL‡Z nq, KviY Zviv UvKvi wewbg‡q myweavwU wK‡b‡Q
Ges GwU Avm‡jB KwVb GKwU P¨v‡jÄ|

†klK_v
Aa¨v‡qi ïiæ‡ZB e‡jwQ, B-Kgvm© e¨emvi †iwfwbD g‡Wj mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ cwieZ©b n‡Z _vK‡e| bZzb
bZzb †iwfwbD AvBwWqv wb‡q nvwRi n‡e B-Kgvm© cÖÖwZôvb¸‡jv Ges †mB g‡Wj¸‡jv AbjvBb e¨emvi
cwiwa AviI eo Ki‡e|

238-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-57

B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs
GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
gv‡K©wUs‡qi ¸iæZ¡ Ges c×wZ m¤c‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K wkL‡Z cvi‡eb

B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs‡qi ¸iæZ¡ Kx Kx?
B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs‡qi c×wZ¸‡jv Kx Kx?

B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs
B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs A‡bK cyi‡bv wKš‘ ¯^í ev‡R‡Ui g‡a¨ A‡bK Kvh©Kix gv‡K©wUs P¨v‡bj, GgbwK Ab¨
wWwRUvj gv‡K©wUs‡qi †P‡qI A‡bK DcKvix| mvaviYZ AbjvBb gv‡K©Uviiv Zv‡`i eª¨vÛ f¨vjy evov‡bvi
Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi Kb‡U›U ˆZwi K‡i _v‡Kb, †hgbÑ AwWI, wfwWI, AvwU©‡Kj BZ¨vw`| B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs‡qi
gva¨‡g GB ai‡bi Kb‡U›U wb‡q mn‡R wba©vwiZ †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠQvb hvq, weµq Ges eª¨vwÛs‡qi Rb¨
A‡bK mnvqK nq| K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ ¯§vU©‡dvb, U¨ve‡jU e¨enviKvix‡`i msL¨v D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i evovi
d‡j B-†gBj e¨enviKvix‡`i msL¨vI evo‡Q| Gi d‡j AbjvBb evRvwiiv B-†gBj K¨v‡¤cBb K‡i
Zv‡`i cY¨ cÖPvi Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb| Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ Avcbvi evZ©v j¶ j¶ †jv‡Ki gv‡S †cuŠ‡Q hv‡”Q|

c„ôv- 239
 mvaviYZ AbjvBb mvB‡U me‡P‡q †ewk P¨v‡jwÄs welq n‡jv mvB‡U UªvwdK Avbv Ges UªvwdK¸‡jv‡K †m‡j
cwiYZ Kiv| B-†gBj G †¶‡Î AbjvBb gv‡K©Uvi Ges †µZv‡`i g‡a¨ fv‡jv m¤cK© eRvq ivL‡Z A‡bK
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| †dmeyK, UzBUvi gv‡K©wUs‡qi RbwcÖq cø¨vUdg© n‡jI †cR †_‡K d¨v‡bi
gvÎ 16 kZvsk cvVK Zv †`‡Lb| Avi †cv÷ ey÷ Kiv n‡jI cÖ_gev‡ii †P‡q wØZxqevi Kg cvV‡Ki
Kv‡Q Zv †cuŠQvq| Ges A‡bK mgq Uv‡M©U Kv÷gvi †ei Kiv A‡bK Kómva¨ n‡q c‡o| Zv Qvov †mvk¨vj
mvB‡U weÁvcb †`qv e¨qmva¨ e¨vcvi| Kv÷gviiv GK mgx¶vq 86wU wewfbœ ai‡bi mvBU †_‡K Ges 72
j¶ †µZvi Dci we‡kølY K‡i †ei K‡i‡Qb †h, MZ Pvi eQi a‡i AbjvBb LyPiv weµq cÖvq 7 kZvsk
B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g AwR©Z MÖvnK‡`i nvi Pvi¸Y n‡q‡Q| Avevi GB M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, mvP© BwÄb †_‡K
mvB‡U wfwRU‡ii Avmvi nvi †ewk| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvc~Y© wKIqvW©, wb¤œgv‡bi Kb‡U‡›Ui Kvi‡Y ¸Mj A‡bK
mgq mvBU‡K †cbvwë w`‡q _v‡K| GRb¨ Avcbvi weµq a‡i iLvi Rb¨ B-†gB‡ji ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK| GK
mgx¶vq †`Lv hvq †h,
B-†gB‡j wewb‡qv‡M wiUvb© 4300 kZvsk (WvB‡i± gv‡K©wUs A¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi g‡Z)|
40 kZvsk gvbyl ˆ`wbK wfwˇZ Zv‡`i e¨w³MZ B-†g‡ji cvkvcvwk wecYb evZ©v MÖnY K‡ib|
70 kZvsk gvbyl Kzcb ev wWmKvD›U B-†gBj †_‡K MÖnY K‡ib|
60 kZvsk gvbyl we‡kl Advi MÖnY K‡ib, KviY Zviv e¨emvwqK †Kv‡bv mvB‡Ui †Kv‡bv †gBj
mve¯ŒvBe K‡i‡Qb| hw` B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs‡K gv‡K©wUs †KŠk‡ji g‡a¨ ¸iæZ¡ bv †`qv nq, Zvn‡j
†Kv‡bv AbjvBb mvBU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© UªvwdK nviv‡Z cv‡i| hw` Kvh©Kifv‡e B-†gBj K¨v‡¤cBb bv Kiv
nq, Zvn‡j Kv÷gvi †_‡K eª¨v‡Ûi †dvKvm P‡j hv‡e, hv †Kv‡bv †Kv¤cvwbi Rb¨ †gv‡UB fv‡jv bq|

B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs mvaviYZ wZb Kvi‡Y e¨envi Kiv nq

wbDR‡jUvi
mvB‡Ui cÖwZw`‡bi Avc‡WU, aviYv, eø‡Mi †cv÷ ev AvwU©‡Kj, †Kv¤cvwbi wbDR wbDR‡jUv‡i †kqvi Kiv nq|

cÖ‡gvkb
hLb †Kv‡bv †Kv¤cvwb †Kv‡bv Advi Pvjy K‡i, Zvn‡j B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g wbe©vwPZ Kv÷gvi‡`i Kv‡Q †`qv hv‡e|

cwiZ¨³ KvU© †bvwUwd‡Kkb

wm×všÍnxbZv, Kzwiqvi PvR© ev †h‡Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgq KvU© evU‡b wK¬K bv K‡i P‡j hvq| GB †bvwUwd‡Kkb
B-†gBj †µZv‡K Avevi g‡b Kwi‡q †`q Ges 15 kZvsk ev Zvi †P‡qI †mj e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i|

Kxfv‡e B-†gBj wj÷ Kv‡j± Ki‡Z nq

AbjvBb gv‡K©Uviiv wewfbœ Dcv‡q †gBj Kv‡j± K‡i _v‡Kb| Zviv fv‡jv †gBj msMÖn Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ
ai‡bi †Uªwbs wmwiR, Kzcb, wWmKvD›U, cÖ‡gvU K‡i _v‡Kb| †dmeyK, UzBUvi, wj¼WBbmn A‡bK †mvk¨vj
mvB‡U †d«Ûwj÷ †_‡K msMÖn Kiv hvq| wewfbœ ai‡bi B‡q‡jv †cR †hgb A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb, e¨vsK, †dvivg
†_‡K msMÖn Kiv hvq| ¸Mj A¨vWIqvW©m, †dmeyK, UzBUvi ey÷ K‡i, A_ev †cÖm wiwjR ev wUwfwmi gva¨‡g
†gBj Kv‡j± Kivi Rb¨ mvaviYZ K¨v‡¤cBb Kiv nq|

240-c„ôv
Kxfv‡e †gBj cvVv‡Z nq
Avcwb `yB Dcv‡q †gBj cvVv‡Z cv‡ib, cÖ_gwU wbDR‡jUvi A_ev †U·U †eRW|

PgKcÖ` wk‡ivbvg
†gB‡ji mve‡R± jvBb AvKl©Yxq nIqv `iKvi| A‡bK †¶‡Î †gB‡ji cvVK †gBj co‡eb wK-bv Zv
wk‡ivbv‡gi Dci wbf©i K‡i|

cÖvmw½K
Avcbvi †gBj wbe©vwPZ AwW‡q‡Ýi Ici wfwË K‡i †gBj cvVv‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq GwU †mjm evov‡Z cvi‡e bv|

Kj Uz A¨vKkb evUb
gv‡K©Uvi‡`i †ewk K‡i Kj Uz A¨vKkb evUb †hvM Kiv DwPZ|

†gvevBj AcwUgvBRW
Avcbvi †gBj †hb †gvevBj AcwUgvBRW nq †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|

Avbmve¯ŒvBe
†µZv‡`i‡K cÖmbœ ivL‡Z, m¤¢ve¨ †µZv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z Avbmve¯ŒvBe evUb †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

cÖ‡Yv`bv
wewfbœ ai‡bi Advi, wWmKvD›U cÖvBR GB c‡q‡›U AšÍf©z³ Kiv nq|

B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs‡qi mvdj¨ cwigvcK

ZvwjKv e„w×i nvi
Avcbvi Kv‡Q hZ †ewk †gBj Av‡Q, Zvi gv‡b ZZ †ewk Kv÷gvi Avcbvi Kv‡Q Av‡Q| wKš‘ wekvj A_ev
AcÖ‡qvRbxq †gBj †mj evov‡Z cv‡i bv|

wK¬‡Ki-gva¨‡g-†iU
GwUi gva¨‡g KZRb wfwRUi Avcbvi †gB‡j AšÍf©z³ wj‡¼i gva¨‡g mvB‡U †M‡jb Zv eySv hvq|

†gBj cÖwZ weµq

B-wecYb cÖPviYvq Kx cwigvY wewµ Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q Zv GB mgx¶vq †`Lv‡bv nq|

mZK©Zv
GKwU e¨vcvi j¶Yxq †h, Avcbvi †gBj A_ev wbDR‡jUvi hv‡Z ¯c¨vg e‡· bv hvq| †gB‡ji welq A_ev
mve‡R± hv‡Z eo bv nq Ges cÖPwjZ k㸇jv e¨envi bv nq, †hgbÑ wd«, Advi, wWmKvD›U, AvB‡dvb
†m‡fb BZ¨vw` kã| wbe©vwPZ Kv÷gvi‡`i Dci wfwË K‡i B-†gBj fvM Kiv Ges †cÖvWv± †mfv‡e cvVv‡bv

c„ôv- 241
 DwPZ| mvB‡Ui RbwcÖqZv hZ evo‡e, Bbe‡·i †gBj cvVv‡bv mdjZv Ges Zv covi nvi ZZ evo‡e|
G‡ÿ‡Î eo †Kv‡bv B‡gR e¨envi bv KivB fv‡jv| †gB‡j hv‡Z †Kv‡bv ai‡bi ¯ú¨vg Kiv bv nq| G‡Z
Kv÷gvi Amš‘ó n‡Z cv‡ib, Zv‡Z †Kv¤úvwbi mybvg bó n‡Z cv‡i

AwW‡qÝ †mM‡g‡›Ukb
eqm,
Ae¯’vb,
Av‡M Kx Kx µq K‡i‡Qb,
µq iæwP,
†ckvi aib,
mvBU e¨envi|

B-†gBj WªvBf UªvwdK A¨vÛ †mjm e„w×i Dcvq

mve¯ŒvBe Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ †gB‡j ï‡f”Qv evZ©v cvVv‡bv hvq|
†µZv‡`i‡K †Kv¤cvwb, †cÖvWv±, mvwf©m m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`qv hvq|
wewfbœ Drm‡e Advi, Rb¥w`‡bi ï‡f”Qv cvVv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i|
cyi‡bv †fv³v ch©v‡q bM` Qvo, Dcnvi cÖ`vb|
MÖvnK‡`i KvQ †_‡K †Kv¤cvwbi †mev Kxfv‡e AviI e„w× Kiv hvq Zvi g~j¨vqb †P‡q †gBj cvVv‡bv
hvq|
weµ‡qi w`‡K †Lqvj bv †i‡L †Kv‡bv Avc‡WU Lei, eøM †cv÷, wfwWI †kqvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡j
†µZviv Avcbvi †Kv¤cvwbi cÖwZ AviI DrmvwnZ n‡Z cv‡ib|
wbqwgZ †µZv‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ivLv hvq|
wbDR‡jUvi evbv‡bvi Rb¨ GBPwUGgGj †U¤ú‡cøU evbv‡bv nq| GQvov A‡bK †gBj mvwf©m †Kv¤úvwb
Zv‡`i †U¤ú‡cøU evbv‡bvi Rb¨ wd« †U¤ú‡cøU w`‡q _v‡K| †gBj mvwf©m Uzj wn‡m‡e, †gBjwP¤ú, wKK e·,
wjUgvm, †gBjMvb, †gBj‡RU RbwcÖq| †gBjwP‡¤ú wd« †U¤ú‡cøU evbv‡bv hvq, B-†gBj wm‡j± Kiv hvq|

wR-†gBj †_‡KI †gBj cvVv‡Z cviv hvq| wKš‘ GKkwUi †ewk GKw`‡b cvVv‡bv hvq bv|

242-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-58

B‡›U‡jKPzqvj †cÖvcvwU©, †UªWgvK© Ges KwcivBU

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K Rvbe
B‡›U‡jKPzqvj †cÖvcvwU© Kx?
KwcivBU Kx?
†UªWgvK© Kx?
B-Kgv‡m©i mv‡_ B‡›U‡jKPzqvj †cÖvcvwU©i m¤c„³Zv|

B‡›U‡jKPzqvj †cÖvcvwU© Kx?

B-Kgv‡m© e¨eüZ wewfbœ iKg mvwnZ¨Kg©, wkíKg©, wWRvBb Ges Qwe‡KB g~jZ B‡›U‡jKPzqvj †cÖvcvwU©
e‡j| B‡›U‡jKPzqvj †cÖvcvwU© `yfv‡M wef³Ñ BÛvw÷ªqvj †cÖvcvwU© Ges KwcivBU| BÛvw÷ªqvj †cÖvcvwU©i
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wewfbœ c¨v‡U›UK…Z Avwe®‹vi, †UªWgvK©, BÛvw÷ªqvj wWRvBb, †Kv‡bv GjvKvwfwËK we‡kl cY¨|
KwcivB‡Ui g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wewfbœ mvwnZ¨Kg© Ges wkíKg©| †hgbÑ Dcb¨vm, KweZv, wdj¥, wPÎKg©, ¯’vcbv,
fv¯‹h© cÖf…wZ|

KwcivBU
†Kv‡bv mvwnwZ¨K ev wPÎwkíx hLb wb‡Ri †Kv‡bv mvwnZ¨Kg© A_ev wPÎKg© ˆZwi K‡ib ZLb †mB Kv‡Ri

c„ôv- 243
 Dci Zvi †h AvBbMZ AwaKvi ˆZwi nq Zv-B g~jZ KwcivBU| KwcivB‡Ui evsjv A_© n‡jv ¯^Z¡vwaKvi|
KwcivBU g~jZ GKwU wjM¨vj Uvg©| †Kv‡bv wkíxi Zvi ˆZwi †Kv‡bv wkíK‡g©i Dci KwcivBU AwaKvi _vKv
gv‡b †mB †`‡ki AvBb Abyhvqx †mB wkíKg©wU IB wkíx e¨envi Ges cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GKgvÎ
KwcivBU AwaKvix wkíx ev cÖwZôv‡bi AbygwZµ‡gB Ab¨ †KD wkíKg©wU e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| KwcivBU
†h‡Kv‡bv wkíK‡g©i ÒFair UseÓ-†K wbwðZ K‡i|

†UªWgvK©
e¨emvwqK c‡Y¨i †¶‡ÎB †KejgvÎ †UªWgvK© e¨envi Kiv nq| AvBwb cÖwµqvq †Kv‡bv we‡kl †cÖvWv± A_ev
mvwf©‡mi Mv‡q †Kv‡bv cÖZxK ev †jLv e¨envi Kiv n‡j †mwU‡K †UªWgvK© e‡j| GKB ai‡bi cY¨¸‡jv‡K
G‡K Aci †_‡K cv_©K¨ Kivi cÖwµqv n‡”Q †UªWgvK©| †UªWgvK© GKwU †Kv¤cvwbi eª¨vÛ‡K wPwýZ K‡i|
mvaviYZ †UªWgvK©K…Z †Kv‡bv cY¨‡K IB †Kv¤cvwbi m¤cwË e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq|

B-Kgv‡m©i mv‡_ B‡›U‡jKPzqvj †cÖvcvwU©i m¤ú„³Zv

B-Kgv‡m©i Rb¨ B‡›U‡jKPzqvj †cÖvcvwU© fxlY ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mvwf©m ev †cÖvWv± †ePv‡Kbvi †¶‡Î B‡›U‡jKPzqvj
†cÖvcvwU© g~j d¨v±i wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| †Kbbv B›Uvi‡b‡U †ePv‡Kbvi †¶‡Î me cY¨ msi¶Y Kiv Riæwi|
Avi †mUv †KejgvÎ †UK‡bvjwRK¨vj wmwKDwiwU Ges B‡›U‡jKPzqvj †cÖvcvwU© AvBb Øviv msiw¶Z Kiv
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bó n‡q hvq| ZvQvov B-Kgv‡m©i Rb¨ mdUIq¨vi, I‡qemvBU, †bUIqvK©, wWRvBb wKsev wPc evbv‡bvi
†¶‡ÎI B‡›U‡jKPzqvj †cÖvcvwU© AvBb _vKv `iKvi| Zv bv n‡j wb‡R‡`i wWRvBb ev I‡qemvBU Pzwi n‡q
hvIqvi AvksKv _v‡K| B-Kgvm© weR‡b‡mi †¶‡Î †UªWgvK© GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bvg| B-Kgv‡m©i eª¨vwÛs,
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g‡a¨ Xvj wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i GB †UªWgvK©| GKwU †Kv¤cvwb hLb GKwU bZzb cY¨ ˆZwi K‡i ZLb mewKQzB
Zviv wb‡Riv evbvq bv| wKQz wRwbm AvDU‡mvm© K‡i| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î †UK‡bvjwR †kqvi K‡i
cY¨ evbv‡bv nq| wKš‘ ZeyI †Kv¤cvwb¸‡jv ¯^vaxbfv‡eB wb‡R‡`i †cÖvWv± evbvq| Gme †¶‡Î cÖwZwU
†Kv¤cvwbi ga¨Kvi Pzw³ _vKvUv Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wVKg‡Zv Pzw³e× bv n‡j cieZ©x‡Z †Kv¤cvwb¸‡jv wb‡Ri
ˆZwi cY¨‡K wb‡R‡`i e‡j `vwe Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avi ZvB B‡›U‡jKPzqvj †cÖvcvwU©i †¶‡Î jvB‡mÝ ev
AbygwZ †bqvUv AZ¨šÍ `iKvwi welq| †gvÏv K_v, B-Kgv‡m©i †¶‡Î B‡›U‡jKPzqvj †cÖvcvwU©i g~j¨ A‡bK|
wb‡R‡`i e¨emvi AviI †ewk cÖmvi Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ B-Kgvm© †Kv¤cvwb wb‡R‡`i c¨v‡U‡›Ui †cvU©dwjI
wKsev †UªWgvK© ˆZwi K‡i|

244-c„ôv
 Aa¨vq-59

†µZv †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vcbv

Customer Relationship Management-wmAviGg wesk kZvãx‡Z we‡klfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ GKwU
e¨emvwqK `k©b| †hLv‡b GKwU e¨emv cÖwZôvb Zvi †µZv Ges †fv³v m¤cÖ`v‡qi mš‘wó wbwðZ Kivi
gva¨‡g Zvi e¨emvwqK j¶¨ AR©‡bi †Póv K‡i _v‡K| hLb GKwU e¨emv cÖwZôvb GKRb †µZv‡K Zvi
cÖZ¨vwkZ †mevi mgvb ev Zvi AwaK †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z m¶g nq, ZLb cÖwZôvbwU †µZvwUi mš‘wó
AR©‡b m¶g nq hv AvaywbK hy‡M e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb j¶¨| wmAviG‡gi gva¨‡g GKwU
e¨emv cÖwZôvb Zvi †µZv †Mvôxi Pvwn`v, cÖZ¨vkv Ges e¨w³MZ wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ mieivn Ki‡Z
cv‡i Ges Dchy³ cY¨ Ges †mev cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i m‡e©v”P mš‘wó wbwðZ K‡i _v‡K| Gi d‡j
e¨emv cÖwZôvb Ges †µZvi gv‡S `xN©‡gqvw` eÜb m„wó nq| cÖwZwU e¨emv cÖwZôvb Pvq Zvi m¤¢ve¨
†µZv‡`i wbqwgZ †µZvq cwiYZ Ki‡Z †hb cÖwZôvbwU wbqwgZ Zv‡`i cÖZ¨vwkZ cwigvY gybvdv
AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| wmAviG‡gi gva¨‡g m„wó nIqv GB `xN©‡gqvw` eÜb cÖwZôvbwU‡K Zv‡`i wbqwgZ
†µZvi cwigvY evov‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| mdUIq¨vi, I‡qemvBU, B-†gBj, B›Uvi‡bU cÖhyw³ BZ¨vw`
welq wmAviG‡gi Dbœq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| Kvh©Kix wmAviG‡gi d‡j AvR A‡bK e¨emv
cÖwZôvb wek¦¯ÍZvi mv‡_ Zv‡`i †µZvi mv‡_ wewjqb Wjv‡ii e¨emv wWj K‡i hv‡”Q| GKwU e¨emv
cÖwZôvb‡K mwVK Ges Kvh©Kix wmAviGg †KŠkj Ges cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi c~‡e© wmAviGg m¤cwK©Z wewfbœ
welq cwic~Y©fv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡e| GB Aby‡”Q‡` Service Delivery, Customer Service Deadline,
Customer Service Impression Ges Customer Service Follow-up m¤c‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|

c„ôv- 245
 †mev wewj/cÖZ¨c©Y Kx?
e¨emvwqK fvlvq †h cÖwµqvq GKwU e¨emv cÖwZôvb Zvi cY¨ ev †mev m¤c‡K© †µZv Ges †fv³v‡`i
wewfbœ iKg Z_¨ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g mn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡K, Zv‡K Service Deliver e‡j| mvaviYZ GKRb
†µZv †Kv‡bv cY¨ ev †mev MÖn‡Yi c~‡e© Zvi Dc‡hvwMZv, ¸YMZ gvb, ˆewkó¨, g~j¨, M¨vivw›U, Iqv‡iw›U,
e¨eüZ KuvPvgvj BZ¨vw` bvbvwea e¨vcv‡i Z_¨ Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb| GQvov cY¨ ev †mev wewµi ciI GKwU
cÖwZôvb‡K weµ‡qvËi cÖkœ-DËi, c‡Y¨i †givgZ, evmvq wM‡q cY¨ †cuŠ‡Q †`qv BZ¨vw` bvbvwea KvR Ki‡Z
nq| G RvZxq me KvR‡K Avjv`vfv‡e ejv nq GK GKwU †mev| wKš‘ hLb GKwU cÖwZôvb ev Zvi wbhy³
weµqKg©x‡K w`‡q Zv‡`i Gme †mev mieivn K‡i _v‡K ZLb Zv‡K ejv nq Service Deliver|

†mev cÖZ¨c©Y cÖwµqvi Dcv`vb

mdjfv‡e †µZv Ges †fv³v‡`i wbKU †mev †cuŠ‡Q †`qv cÖwZwU mdj e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb
ˆewkó¨| GKwU mdj Service Deliver cÖwµqv PviwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`v‡bi Øviv MwVZ| Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
†mev ms¯‹…wZ, Kg©x e¨e¯’vcbv, †mevi ¸YMZ gvb Ges †µZv‡`i AwfÁZv|

Kvh©Kix †mev cÖZ¨c©‡Yi Dcvq

†h‡Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨B †µZv GKwU ms‡e`bkxj Dcv`vb| e¨emv cÖwZôvb KLbB PvB‡e bv Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv
Kvh©µg †µZv‡`i Kv‡Qi Amš‘wói KviY †nvK| †µZv mš‘wóB n‡jv GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi wewµ e„w×i me‡P‡q
¸iæZ¡c~Y© nvwZqvi| †KejgvÎ mwVK Dcv‡q †mev cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡gB GKwU cÖwZôvb cv‡i Zvi †µZv‡`i
mš‘wói A‡a©KUv AR©b Ki‡Z| GLv‡b Kvh©Kix mvwf©m †Wwjfvwi cÖ`v‡bi Dcvqmg~n eY©bv Kiv n‡jvÑ
†µZv Ges †mev MÖnxZv‡`i m¤c‡K© cwiwPZ nIqv, `ªæZ mvov cÖ`vb Kiv, †jb‡`‡b ¯^”QZv, wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv
ˆZwi Kiv, fzj †_‡K wk¶v MÖnY Kiv, AwZwi³ wKQz gRy` ivLv Ges `xN©‡gqvw` cwiKíbv Kiv|

weµ‡qi †mevi wbw`©ó mgqmxgv Kx?

A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq cY¨ µq ev †mev MÖn‡Y B”QzK m¤¢ve¨ A‡bK †µZv wm×všÍnxbZvq †fv‡Mb| †hgbÑ
Rwg µ‡q B”QzK GKwU e¨emv cÖwZôvb XvKvi GKwU wbw`©ó GjvKvi Rwg ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †Mj Ges P‚ovšÍ
wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ `yB mßvn mgq wbj| `yB mßvn cvi nIqvi ci †`Lv †Mj Zviv GL‡bv wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb eis Zviv AviI GK mßvn mgq Pv‡”Q| wKš‘ GiB g‡a¨ Rwg we‡µZv m¤¢ve¨ AviI †µZv nviv‡”Qb|
GgZve¯’vq Zvi Rb¨ KiYxq Kx? G ai‡bi mgm¨v †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ we‡µZv †µZv‡K Zvi wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi
e¨vcv‡i wba©vwiZ GKwU mgq †eu‡a †`b| wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ hw` †µZv †_‡K †Kv‡bv AvkvRbK mvov bv
cvIqv hvq, Zviv Aci †Kv‡bv c‡¶i mv‡_ Pzw³‡Z Ave× n‡Z cv‡ib Ges Gi Rb¨ Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv AvBbMZ
Sv‡gjv †cvnv‡Z n‡e bv| GB m¤c~Y© cÖwµqvwU‡K Customer Service Deadline e‡j|

weµ‡qvËi †mevi wbw`©ó mgqmxgvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

mvaviYZ †`Lv hvq †µZvB †Kej we‡µZv Ges †mev mieivnKvix‡`i Customer Service Deadline
w`‡q _v‡Kb| wKš‘ AvaywbK e¨emvq RM‡Z AvR we‡µZvivI GB myweav e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb| GLv‡b Gi
myweavmg~n Zz‡j aiv n‡jvÑ
mgq AcPq †iva Kiv|
AvBbMZ Sv‡gjvi weiæ‡× e¨e¯’v|

246-c„ôv
 AvZ¥wek¦vm AR©b|
e¨emvwqK SzuwK nªvm|

†fv³v †mevi Bg‡cÖkb Kx?

cÖ_gevi †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi †mev MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g GKRb †µZvi g‡b †mB cÖwZôvbwUi †mevi Kvh©KvwiZv,
DcKvwiZv, †ckv`vwiZ¡ BZ¨vw`i e¨vcv‡i †h aviYvi Rb¥ nq Zv‡K Customer Service Impression
e‡j| mvaviYZ †mev MÖn‡Yi †ejvq GKRb †µZv †mev`vbKvix e¨w³i †ek wKQz welq‡K g~j¨vqb K‡i
_v‡Kb †hgb; †mev cÖ`v‡b ¯^”QZv, †ckv`vwiZ¡, bgbxqZv, mvnvh¨kxjZv, kvjxb e¨envi, AvZ¥wek¦vm,
wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv, Áv‡bi cwiwa, Dcw¯’Z eyw×gËv BZ¨vw`| Gme wel‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i GKRb †µZv
wba©viY Ki‡eb Av‡`Š wZwb cÖwZôvbwUi †mev †c‡q mš‘ó wK-bv|

DbœZ †fv³v †mev Bg‡cÖkb ˆZwii Dcvq

cÖwZwU e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb nvwZqvi n‡jv †µZvi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb Kiv| Avi
†h‡Kv‡bv †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wfwËcÖ¯Íi ¯’vcb nq Customer Service Impression-Gi gva¨‡g| GKwU cÖev`
Av‡Q-ÒcÖ_‡g `k©b wePvi, c‡i ¸YwePviÓ| ZvB cÖwZwU †µZvi g‡b †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi †mevi e¨vcv‡i
cÖ_gevi †h aviYvi Rb¥ nq Zv AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GLv‡b fv‡jv Customer Service Impression ˆZwii
Dcvqmg~n Zz‡j aiv n‡jvÑ

K‡_vcK_‡bi ïiæ‡Z ï‡f”Qv wewbgq

mwVK ï‡f”Qv wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g GKRb †mev`vbKvix †h‡Kv‡bv †µZv‡K Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi †mev MÖn‡Yi
e¨vcv‡i DØy× Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †mev`vbKvixi AvPvi-e¨envi, kvixwiK fvlv, †Pnvivi Awfe¨w³, AvKl©Yxq
Kɯ^i BZ¨vw`i Dci wbf©i K‡i GKRb †µZv †mev MÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i AvMÖnx n‡eb wK n‡eb bv| ZvB
K‡_vcK_‡bi ïiæ‡Z GKRb †mev`vbKvixi wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv AbymiY Kiv DwPZÑ
†Pv‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q K_v ejv|
K_v ejvi mgq cÖvYešÍ _vKv|
eÜzZ¡c~Y© AvPiY cÖ`k©b Kiv|
†µZv Kx Pvb Zv eySvi †Póv Kiv|
†µZvi †Kv‡bv welq‡K AeÁv bv Kiv|
†µZv‡K m‡e©v”P mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z _vKv|

e¨w³MZ Dc¯’vcbv
†mev`vbKvixi Aek¨B DwPZ Zvi †µZv, e¨emv cÖwZôvb Ges Zvi cY¨ Ges †mevmg~n‡K m¤§vb Kiv|
e¨w³MZ Dc¯’vcbvi Rb¨ GKRb e¨w³ wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv AbymiY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
wb‡R‡K AvZ¥wek¦vmx wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv|
e¨w³MZ ¯^v‡_©i Rb¨ wg_¨v Z_¨ w`‡q †µZv‡`i weåvšÍ Kiv n‡Z weiZ _vKv|
mwVK †cvkvK cwiavb Kiv, hv wK-bv `vwqZ¡ Ges †ckv`vwi‡Z¡i Rb¨ Dchy³|
gv_vi Pzj, nv‡Zi bL Ges `vwo-†Muvd cwicvwU K‡i ivLv|

c„ôv- 247
 BwZevPK g‡bvfve
cÖ`k©b
BwZevPK g‡bvfv‡ei gva¨‡g GKRb †mev`vbKvix Zvi †µZv‡`i mv‡_ gvbwmK m¤cK© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
e¨emv cÖwZôv‡b Ggb A‡bK wKQz N‡U hv Avcwb wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv, wKš‘ AšÍZ wb‡Ri e¨w³MZ
g‡bvfve wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wb‡¤œv³ Dcv‡q BwZevPK g‡bvfve wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢eÑ
Drmv‡ni mv‡_ †µZv‡`i mv‡_ K‡_vcK_b Kiv|
wb‡Ri K¬vwšÍ Ges nZvkv cÖKvk bv Kiv|
†µZviv Lvivc e¨envi Ki‡jI Zv‡`i mv‡_ me©`v bgbxq n‡q _vKv|

Customer Service Impression-Gi ¸iæZ¡

Customer Service Impression-†K ejv nq mwVK †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZôvi wfwËcÖ¯Íi| GwU †h‡Kv‡bv
cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZvi †cQ‡b `xN©‡gqvw` Ges ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| GLv‡b AvaywbK e¨emvq RM‡Z
Customer Service Impression-Gi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvÑ

wbqwgZ µ‡qi e¨vcv‡i DØy× Kiv|

cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK myweav|
†µZv m¤cÖ`v‡qi mš‘wó AR©b|
†µZv‡`i mv‡_ `xN©‡gqvw` m¤cK© ¯’vcb|
Ges †bwZevPK Word of Marketing nªvm Kiv|

Customer Services Follow-up ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

†h cÖwµqvq GKwU e¨emv cÖwZôvb B‡Zvg‡a¨ Zv‡`i †mev MÖnY K‡i‡Q Ggb me †µZvi weµq-cieZ©x
mgq¸‡jv‡ZI ch©‡e¶Y Ges wbR D‡`¨v‡M cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K, Zv‡K Customer Services
Follow-Up e‡j| GwU CRM e¨ZxZ Personal Selling-Gi †KŠkj wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| G cÖ‡Póvi
d‡j †µZviv Abyaveb Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡ib †h †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb GL‡bv Zv‡`i‡K g~j¨vwqZ Ki‡Q hv
Zv‡`i‡K cybivq †mev MÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i gvbwmKfv‡e Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|

Customer Services Follow-Up †KŠkjmg~n Kx ?

†µZvi mv‡_ `xN©‡gqvw` m¤cK© ¯’vcb, weµq e„w×, AwaK gybvdv AR©b, evRv‡i mybvg e„w× BZ¨vw` bvbvwea
Kvi‡Y Customer Services Follow-Up-Gi ¸iæZ¡ wesk kZvãxi e¨emvwqK RM‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡Y e„w×
†c‡q‡Q| A‡bK e¨emv cÖwZôvb AmZK©Zvi Kvi‡Y cÖ_gevi Zvi †µZv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
e¨_© n‡q‡Q, hvi d‡j cÖv_wgKfv‡e Zv‡`i e¨vcv‡i †µZv‡`i g‡b ev‡R aviYvi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| Customer
Services Follow-Up-Gi gva¨‡g GKwU cÖwZôvb Zvi †µZv m¤cÖ`v‡qi wbK‡U †cuŠ‡Q hvIqvi Rb¨ wØZxq
my‡hvM MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|

GLv‡b Gi †KŠkjmg~n Zz‡j aiv n‡jv

†µZv‡`i Pvwn`v Ges cÖZ¨vkvi ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiv|

248-c„ôv
 †hvMv‡hvM i¶v Kiv|
cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM †Lvjv ivLv|
bZzb cY¨ Ges †mev m¤cwK©Z Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb|
mycvwi‡ki Rb¨ Av‡e`b Kiv|
wek¦vq‡bi GB hy‡M †QvU Ges gvSvwi AvKv‡ii †ewkifvM e¨emv cÖwZôvb †KejgvÎ Avw_©K mxgve×Zvi
Kvi‡Y e„n`vKvi e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi wbKU ew›`| Avw_©K mxgve×Zvi d‡j e„n`vKvi e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi g‡Zv
Zviv Zv‡`i cY¨`ªe¨ Ges †mevmg~‡ni cÖPvi Ges weÁvc‡bi Rb¨ AwaK cwigv‡Y A_© wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| d‡j evRv‡i h_vh_fv‡e Zv‡`i cY¨ Ges †mevmg~‡ni cwiwPwZ e„w× cvIqv n‡Z e¨vnZ nq| cyuwRev`
mgvR e¨e¯’vq G ai‡bi e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi c‡¶ wU‡K _vKv `y®‹i| ZvB AvaywbK e¨emvq RM‡Z Ggb
wKQz aviYvi cÖeZ©b n‡q‡Q hv †QvU Ges gvSvwi ai‡bi e¨emv cÖwZôvb¸‡jv GB cÖwZ‡hvwMZvc~Y© evRv‡i
wb‡R‡`i Ae¯’vb my`„pKi‡Yi cvkvcvwk e¨emvwqK j¶¨ AR©‡bI h_vh_fv‡e mnvqZv K‡i|
mwVK wmAviG‡gi Rb¨ PvB Dchy³ cwiKíbv, `vwqZ¡kxjZv, Áv‡bi cwiwa, `¶ Kg©x BZ¨vw`| †µZviv
†hgb cY¨ Ges †mev µ‡qi Rb¨ eª¨vÛ Lyu‡Rb, †Zgwb eª¨v‡Ûi cvkvcvwk cY¨ Ges †mev e¨envi K‡i mš‘wóI
AR©b Ki‡Z Pvb| †QvU Ges gvSvwi AvKv‡ii e¨emv cÖwZôvb¸‡jv nq‡Zv cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq eo †Kv‡bv eª¨vÛ
wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ _vK‡e bv! wKš‘ mwVK wmAviGg myweavi Kvi‡Y †µZvmgv‡Ri gv‡S `ªæZB RbwcÖqZv jvf
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wmAviGg cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ Dc‡iv³ welqmg~n cÖwZwU e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi h_vh_
¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges G‡`i Kvh©Kix e¨enviB cvi‡e GKwU cÖwZôvb‡K Zvi j¶¨ AR©‡b
mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z|

c„ôv- 249
 Aa¨vq-60

wUcm A¨vÛ wUªKm : WKz‡g‡›Ukb, cÖ‡gvkb

Ges K¨v‡¤cBb
GB cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
B-Kgvm© e¨emvq weR‡bm WKz‡g‡›Ukb ˆZwi m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf|
B-Kgv‡m© cÖ‡gvkb Ges K¨v‡¤úBb m¤cwK©Z Av‡jvPbv|

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K wkÿYxq

e¨emvwqK KvMRcÎ ˆZwii wewfbœ †KŠkj|
Kxfv‡e wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖ‡gvkb Ges K¨v‡¤úBb Pvjv‡Z nq?

weR‡bm WKz‡g‡›Ukb
e¨emvq wewfbœ ai‡bi †jLv wjL‡Z nq| e¨emvi ˆ`bw›`b Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve †Zv Av‡QB, Zvi mv‡_ e¨emvi
wewfbœ ai‡bi wi‡cvU© wjL‡Z nq| G¸‡jvB weR‡bm WKz‡g‡›Ukb!

B-†gBj Ges †g‡gv‡iÛvg

GKwU Awd‡mi Kg©Pvixiv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ B-†gB‡j Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb| B›Uvi‡bU Avmvi Av‡M

250-c„ôv
wjwLZfv‡e Awd‡mi g‡a¨ G‡K A‡b¨i g‡a¨ †g‡mR †cÖiY Kiv n‡Zv| GL‡bv A‡bK †¶‡Î †g‡gv e¨envi
Kiv nq| Lye †Mvcbxq †Kv‡bv dvBj †cÖiY hv †cÖiK Qvov Avi †KD Lyj‡Z cvi‡eb bv| AbjvB‡bI
†gB‡ji mv‡_ G ai‡bi †g‡gv †cÖiY Kiv hvq ZLb †gB‡ji mve‡R‡± D³ welq m¤c‡K© †jLv _v‡K|

wPwVcÎ
Awd‡mi evB‡ii †jvK ev cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î wPwVcÎ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv nq| †µZv,
†mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb, wewfbœ ai‡bi †ckvRxex hviv civgk©K wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib, miKvwi Kg©KZ©v,
PvKwii B›UviwfD, Ab¨ cÖwZôv‡bi cwiwPZRb BZ¨vw` wewfbœ †¶‡Î wPwVcÎ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv nq| e¨emv
cÖwZôv‡bi wPwV eøK †jUv‡i †jLv nq| e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi wPwVi GKwU we‡kl ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q †jUvi‡nW Qvov
evwK meB evg w`‡K GK jvB‡b wj‡L †h‡Z nq| wPwV hw` B-†gB‡j †cÖiY Kiv nq Zvn‡j B-†gB‡j
†cÖi‡Ki bvg, wVKvbv, c`we, †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wVKvbv D‡jøL K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|

wi‡cvU©
e¨emvq cÖwZ‡e`b †ek eo n‡q _v‡K| GKwU e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq|
cÖwZôv‡bi AvKvi, Gi KvRmn wewfbœ ai‡bi wel‡qi Dc‡i wbf©i K‡i cÖwZ‡e`bI mvaviYZ eo ev †QvU
n‡q _v‡K| dvBb¨vwÝqvj WvUv, m¤¢ve¨Zv hvPvBKiY wi‡cvU©, gv‡K©U cø¨vb, GQvov gv‡K©U ÷vwW msµvšÍ
wewfbœ Rwic, M‡elYv BZ¨vw` wi‡cv‡U©i g‡a¨ c‡o| A‡bK wi‡cv‡U© wewfbœ ai‡bi PvU©, MÖvd BZ¨vw`
†`qv _v‡K hv‡Z cvVK‡`i eyS‡Z myweav nq| A‡bK wi‡cvU© wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i Rb¨ cÖKvk Kiv nq| wKQz
wKQz wi‡cvU© Av‡Q †h¸‡jv eQ‡i wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖKvk Kiv nq, †hgbÑ cÖvwšÍK weµq wnmve| G ai‡bi
cÖwZ‡e`‡bi MVb GKB iKg ivLv nq †hb c~‡e©i cÖwZ‡e`‡bi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv hvq|

†jb‡`b msµvšÍ WKz‡g›U

†µZv‡`i mv‡_ e¨emvwqK †jb‡`b m¤cv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨I WKz‡g›U cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Gme WKz‡g›U
dig, AW©vi dig, UªvÝwgUvi †cR, Pvjvb, wiwmÞ BZ¨vw` AvKv‡i _v‡K| e¨emvi aib‡f‡` G ai‡bi
†jb‡`b msµvšÍ WKz‡g›UI wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| †hgbÑ GKRb BÝy¨‡iÝ G‡R‡›Ui Kv‡Q BÝy¨‡iÝ
A¨vwcø‡Kkb cwjwm, GKRb e¨vsK Kg©KZ©vi Kv‡Q F‡Yi Rb¨ A¨vwcø‡Kkb, gU©‡MR WKz‡g›U BZ¨vw` _v‡K|
A‡bK †¶‡Î `ywU e¨emv cÖwZôvb GKmv‡_ KvR K‡i ZLb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Pzw³ m¤cvw`Z n‡q _v‡K| D³
cÖwZôv‡bi AvBbRxexiv GB ai‡bi Pzw³ cÖ¯‘Z K‡i _v‡Kb|

dvBb¨vwÝqvj WKz‡g›U
e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi ev‡RU cÖ¯Ívebv, U¨v· wiUvb© msµvšÍ Z_¨vw` dvBb¨vwÝqvj WKz‡g‡›U wjwce× Kiv n‡q
_v‡K| wewfbœ ai‡bi †jb‡`b, Kg©Pvix‡`i †eZb, e¨vsK †÷U‡g›U, BbKvg †÷U‡g›U, e¨vjvÝwkU, AvqKi
msµvšÍ KvMRcÎmn D³ cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ ai‡bi A_©‰bwZK Z_¨ GB WKz‡g‡›U _v‡K| GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi
A¨vKvD›U¨v›U G ai‡bi WKz‡g›U cÖ¯‘Z K‡i _v‡Kb| e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK Gme †÷U‡g‡›Ui wfwˇZ
Zvi e¨emvi wewfbœ ÷ª¨v‡UwR ˆZwi K‡i _v‡Kb|

B-Kgvm© e¨emvq cÖ‡Yv`bv Ges cÖPviYv

Ab¨vb¨ e¨emvi g‡Zv B-Kgv‡m©I cÖ‡Yv`bv Ges cÖPviYv LyeB| cÖ‡gvkb Ges K¨v‡¤cB‡bi gva¨‡g GKRb

c„ôv- 251
 B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³v Zvi cY¨ I †mev‡K Rbmvavi‡Yi mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡ib| B-Kgvm© e¨emvi cÖPvi `yBfv‡e
Kiv hvqÑ AbjvBb Ges AdjvBb| GLv‡b AbjvB‡b Ges AdjvB‡b e¨emv cÖ‡gvkb Ges K¨v‡¤cB‡bi
†ek wKQz cš’v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvÑ

AbjvBb weÁvcb
†jv‡Mv
cÖ_‡g my›`i GKUv †jv‡Mv _vK‡Z n‡e †Kv¤cvwbi| GUvB Avcbvi weÁvc‡bi cÖ_g avc|

†dmeyK UzBUvi wKsev mvgvwRK gva¨g

cÖ_‡gB B-Kgvm© mvBUwU mvRv‡bvi c‡iB †mB bv‡g †mvk¨vj †bUIqv‡K© GKwU †cR Ly‡j †djyb| Lye my›`i
K‡i Kvfvi d‡Uv, †c‡Ri †cÖvdvBj d‡Uv w`b|

BDwUDe I mvgvwRK gva¨g

K‡qK †m‡KÛ wKsev K‡qK wgwb‡Ui AvKl©Yxq GKwU weÁvcb wbg©vY Kiæb Ges mvgvwRK gva¨‡g †mwU
†kqvi Kiæb|

A¨vcm wKsev †Mg

Avcbvi †Kv¤cvwbi Rb¨ GKwU A¨vc †W‡fjc Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †hUv e¨envi Ki‡j gvbyl A‡bK Z_¨ cv‡eb|

eøwMs
fv‡jv †cÖvWv± wiwfD wj‡L Avcbvi cÖwZôv‡bi GKUv cÖPviYv Pvwj‡q wb‡Z cv‡ib|

B-†gBj gv‡K©wUs
my›`i wWRvBb K‡i wewfbœ Drme-cve©‡Y B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g gv‡K©wUs Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mv‡_ cyi‡bv †µZv‡K
ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib Z_¨g~jK K_v wKsev Qwe w`‡q|

AdjvBb weÁvcb
wUwf weÁvcb
my›`i wUwf weÁvcb wbg©vY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

weÁvcb wn‡m‡e bvUK wKsev wm‡bgv e¨envi

†Kv‡bv GKwU bvU‡K Aí wKQz UvKv jwMœ Kiæb| bvU‡Ki wKsev Pjw”P‡Îi wKQz wKQz As‡k Avcbvi †cÖvWv‡±i
e¨envi †`Lv‡Z n‡e|

wej‡evW©
wej‡ev‡W© Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi weÁvcb w`‡Z cv‡ib| my›`i †MvQv‡bv wKQz Qwe wKsev g‡Wjmn|

252-c„ôv
wcÖ›U weÁvcb
cwÎKvq weÁvcb w`‡Z cv‡ib| K¨v‡jÛvi Dcnvi w`‡Z cv‡ib bZzb eQ‡i| GQvov hviv evmvq cwÎKv w`‡q
hvb, Zv‡`i gva¨‡g Avcbvi †Kv¤cvwbi AvKl©Yxq wjd‡jU w`‡Z cv‡ib|

evm wKsev hvbevn‡b weÁvcb

ev‡m weÁvcb w`‡Z cv‡ib| ev‡m jvMv‡bv hvq GiKg my›`i w÷Kvi ˆZwi Kiæb|

†iwWI weÁvcb
GdGg †iwWI GLb GK RbwcÖq gva¨g| Gi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv GKUv Abyôv‡bi cÖPviYv Pvjv‡Z cv‡ib| †Kv‡bv
GKUv †cÖvMÖvg Avcbvi †Kv¤cvwbi bv‡g ev ¯c݇i n‡Z cv‡i| †cÖvMÖvgwU BDwbK wKQz n‡j `k©KwcÖqZv
cvIqvi m¤¢vebv †e‡o hvq|

wewfbœ Abyôvb wKsev Drme

Drme wKsev Abyôv‡bi ¯úÝi n‡Z cv‡ib| gv‡S gv‡S wKQz wd« wU-kvU© w`‡Z cv‡ib, Zvi gva¨‡gI GK
ai‡bi cÖPviYv n‡q hv‡e|

†g‡mR
†g‡mR w`‡Z cv‡ib Avcbvi MÖvnK‡K| Z‡e G e¨vcv‡i MÖvnK‡K memgq wei³ Ki‡eb bv| we‡kl Drm‡e
GB †g‡mR w`‡Z cv‡ib bZzb †Kv‡bv †cÖvWv‡±i Lei w`‡q|

c¨v‡K‡U weÁvcb
†cÖvWv± mvcøvB‡qi mgq Avcbvi †Kv¤cvwbi bvg †mB †cÖvWv± †gvov‡bv c¨v‡K‡U my›`i K‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z
n‡e| mv‡_ †µZv‡K ï‡f”Qv¯^iƒc GKwU Awfb›`b KvW©I w`‡Z cv‡ib|

c„ôv- 253
 Aa¨vq-61

†Kv¤cvwb †cÖvdvBj I WKz‡g›U ˆZwi

†Kv‡bv ÷vU©Avc †Kv¤cvwbi Rb¨ wewfbœ Bb‡f÷i wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z †QvULv‡Uv Bb‡f÷ K‡i _v‡K, G¸‡jv‡K
venture capital e‡j| GKUz D`vniY w`‡q ejv hvK| XYZ GKwU venture capital †Kv¤cvwb| Zv‡`i
500 †KvwU UvKvi mgcwigvY K¨vwcUvj ev g~jab i‡q‡Q| Zviv wewfbœ ÷vU©Avc †Kv¤cvwb‡K e¨emv ïiæ
Kivi j‡¶¨ K¨vwcUvj Bb‡f÷ K‡i _v‡K| G‡KB g~jZ venture capital e‡j| wewfbœ Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi
Rb¨ Avcwb Kxfv‡e †Kv¤cvwb †cÖvdvBj ˆZwi Ki‡eb? wewfbœ Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q †fÂvi K¨vwcUvj,
Bb‡f÷‡g›U ev Aby`v‡bi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K †Kv¤cvwbi †cÖvdvBj Rgv w`‡Z n‡e| †Kv¤cvwb †cÖvdvBj ˆZwii
†¶‡Î `ywU Ask _vK‡Z n‡e| GKwU Av‡e`b dig, Ab¨wU †cÖv‡R± †cÖvdvBj|

Av‡e`b di‡g wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiv Riæwi

Kx wb‡q weR‡bm Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb †mUvi we¯ÍvwiZ aviYv
Avcbvi weR‡bm Kx m¤cwK©Z, j¶¨ Kx, Kxfv‡e c‡Ubwkqvwj Avcbvi e¨emv DbœwZ Ki‡eb †mB wel‡q
my¯có aviYv Av‡e`b di‡g D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e|

†jvb †bqvi D‡Ïk¨

†K‡bv Avcbvi Bb‡f÷‡g›U `iKvi †m wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv _vK‡Z n‡e Avcbvi Av‡e`b di‡g|

254-c„ôv
Kxfv‡e dvÛ †b‡eb
Avcwb wK Avcbvi weR‡bm wU‡gi Rb¨ dvÛ Pvb? bvwK KvR Kivi Rb¨ K¨vwcUvj avi Pvb A_ev †Kv‡bv
†cÖvWv± ev Rwg wjR Pvb? †m wel‡q Avcbvi mg¨K aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| hw` Avcwb wU‡gi Rb¨ dvÛ Pvb
Z‡e †Kb, Kx D‡Ïk¨ †mwU D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| KZ dvÛ Pvb †mUvI Rvbv‡Z n‡e| †m‡¶‡Î ev‡R‡U wUg
m`m¨‡`i †eZb, cÖkvmwbK LiP D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e| Avevi hw` Avcwb †gwkb A_ev RvqMv wjR †bb,
†K‡bv Ges Kxfv‡e Zv wjR wb‡Z Pvb †m wel‡q D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e| KZw`‡bi Rb¨ wjR †b‡eb †mwU
my¯úófv‡e †jLv _vK‡Z n‡e Av‡e`b di‡g|

bb-dv‡Ûi welqvw`
†hme †¶‡Î Avcbvi dvÛ jvM‡e bv, Avcwb wb‡RB wK‡b‡Qb †mme †¶Î¸‡jv Av‡e`b di‡g D‡jøL Ki‡Z
n‡e| cvkvcvwk cÖwZwU †¶‡Îi Rb¨ Gjwm †`Lv‡Z n‡e| Gjwm g~jZ GKwU e¨vsK mvwf©m †hLv‡b †µZvi
wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx we‡µZv Kx cwigvY A‡_©i wewbg‡q Kx cwigvY cY¨ wkc‡g›U K‡i‡Qb Zv D‡jøL Kiv _v‡K|

B›Uv‡i÷ †iU
Avcwb K¨vwcUvj †bqvi c‡i Kx cwigvY B›Uv‡i‡÷ UvKv †kva Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ZvI GB Av‡e`bc‡Î D‡jøL
Ki‡Z n‡e| B›Uv‡i÷ †iU `yB cÖKv‡ii n‡q _v‡KÑFloating interest rate Ges Fixed interest rate|
Floating interest rate gv‡K©‡Ui `v‡gi mv‡_ IVvbvgv K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K Fixed interest rate me©`v GKB
iKg _v‡K| gv‡K©‡Ui Ae¯’vi mv‡_ DVvbvgv K‡i bv| Avcbv‡K Av‡e`bc‡Î D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e †h Avcwb
Floating interest rate bvwK Fixed interest rate-G UvKv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb|

Tenure of loan
Tenure of loan n‡”Q †jvb cvIqvi ci †_‡K †jvb cy‡ivcywi †kva Kiv Aewa mgqmxgv| Avcwb †jvb
cvIqvi wVK KZw`‡bi g‡a¨ †jvb cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cvi‡eb †mwU Avcbvi Av‡e`bc‡Î D‡jøL Kiv Avek¨K|

†c‡g›U
Avcwb cÖwZ gv‡m †c‡g›U Ki‡eb bvwK cÖwZ wZb gv‡m †c‡g›U Rgv †`‡eb †mme ¯úófv‡e Avcbvi
Av‡e`bc‡Î D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e|

Grace Period
†jvb cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †kl w`‡bi c‡iI wKQz mgq †i‡L †`qv nq| GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv †jU wd
aiv nq bv Ges GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ †jvb K¨v‡Ýj n‡q hvq bv| G‡KB Grace period e‡j| mvaviY †¶‡Î
†jvb cwi‡kv‡ai wba©vwiZ w`‡bi c‡iI 15 w`b Grace period wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| Z‡e Avcwb PvB‡j
Avcbvi Av‡e`b di‡g B”Qvbyhvqx Grace period w`‡Z cvi‡eb| A‡bK mgq Bb‡f÷‡ii †cÖvdvB‡jI
GwU D‡jøL _v‡K| ZLb †m Abyhvqx Avcbv‡K †jvb cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| Grace period-Gi c‡ii
mgq¸‡jv‡Z Avcwb †jU wd w`‡Z eva¨ _vK‡eb|

Moratorium period
†jvb †bqvi ci Avcwb K‡e †_‡K †jvb cwi‡kva ïiæ Ki‡eb Gi ga¨Kvi mgq‡K Moratorium period
e‡j| GB ga¨Kvi mg‡q Avcwb †jvb cwi‡kva ïiæ bv Ki‡j †jvb K¨v‡Ýj n‡q hv‡e| Avcbvi Av‡e`bc‡Î
Moratorium period D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e|

c„ôv- 255
 cÖ‡R± †cÖvdvB‡j Kx Kx welq AšÍf©z³ _vK‡e ?
cÖ‡R± e¨q
cy‡iv cÖ‡R± ˆZwi Ki‡Z Avcbvi KZ ev‡RU jvM‡e, cÖ‡R± gwbUwis K÷ KZ jvM‡e Zv cy•Lvbyc•y L cÖ‡R±
†cÖvdvB‡j D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ A_©‰bwZK Bbw÷wUDk‡bi wbR¯^ dig¨vU _v‡K ev‡RU ˆZwi Kivi|

Means of Finance
†Kv_v †_‡K Avcbvi cÖ‡R‡±i Rb¨ A_© Avm‡e? †m wel‡q Avcbvi cy‡iv cø¨vbwU Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e GLv‡b|
Avcwb hw` †Kv‡bv Pjgvb cÖ‡R‡±i Rb¨ Bb‡f÷i Pvb, Z‡e Avcbvi Pjgvb cÖ‡R‡±i A_© ms¯’vb Kxfv‡e
nq Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e|

Working Capital Assessment

Working Capital Assessment-Gi wewfbœ cÖwµqv i‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ
Acv‡iwUs mvB‡Kj cÖwµqv : GB cÖwµqvi mvnv‡h¨ KuvPvgvj †_‡K †cÖvWv± Drcbœ n‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e
Zv wba©viY Kiv nq|
Wªwqs cvIqvi cÖwµqv : Avcbvi eZ©gvb m¤c‡`i A_© cwigvY KZUzKz Zv GB cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq|
K¨vk ev‡RU cÖwµqv : wmRbvj BÛvw÷ªi †¶‡Î †Kvb †Kvb mgq †Kvb c‡Y¨i wewµ A‡bK †ewk _v‡K Avi
†Kvb mgq Kg _v‡K| GB cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †Kvb mgq †Kvb c‡Y¨i wewµ †ewk nq Zv wba©viY Kiv hvq|

Debit and Equity ratio

Total Liabilities ej‡Z eySv‡bv nq †Kv¤úvwbi †UvUvj †WweU‡K| Avi †UvUvj BKzBwU ej‡Z eySv‡bv
nq †Kv¤úvwbi †UvUvj †÷K‡nvìvi ev KZ †kqvi i‡q‡Q †mwU| GKwU †Kv¤cvwbi wjfv‡iR †evSv hvq GB
AbycvZ †_‡K| ZvB cÖ‡R± †cÖvdvB‡j GB †iwkI D‡jøL KivUv Riæwi|

A_©‰bwZK `„wó‡Z cÖ‡R‡±i cÖfve

A_©‰bwZK `„wó‡Z GB cÖ‡R‡±i cÖfve, cÖ‡R‡±i j¶¨, jvf-¶wZ, weR‡bm g‡Wj BZ¨vw` mewKQz D‡jøL
Ki‡Z n‡e cÖ‡R± †cÖvdvB‡j|

gv‡K©wUs `„wó‡Z cÖ‡R‡±i cÖfve

gv‡K©wUs `ywbqvq Avcbvi cÖ‡R‡±i mdjZv Kx, Kxfv‡e AwaK gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i cÖ‡R±wU G¸‡jv
D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e GB †cÖvdvB‡j| †gvÏv K_v, Avcbvi cÖ‡R±wU‡K †mj Ki‡Z n‡e Bb‡f÷‡ii Kv‡Q|

wdb¨vwÝqvj †÷U‡g›U
weMZ wZb eQ‡ii AwWU wi‡cvU©, †eªK B‡fb A¨vbvjvBwmm, B›Uv‡i÷ Kfv‡iR, †WweU mvwf©m Kfv‡iR
†iwkI cÖf…wZ †÷U‡g›U †cÖvdvB‡ji mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|

myi¶vKi‡Yi KvMRcÎ
†jvb †bqvi mgq Avcwb †jvb`vZv‡K Kx ai‡bi myi¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡eb Zvi D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e cÖ‡R±
†cÖvdvB‡j| †hgbÑ Avcwb Avcbvi wKQz m¤c` †`Lv‡Z cv‡ib, hv‡Z †jvb`vZv eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h Avcwb
†jvb cwi‡kva Ki‡Z m¶g|

256-c„ôv
†fÂvi K¨vwcUvj dvwÛs cvIqvi Rb¨ Kx Kx welq D‡jøL _vK‡Z n‡e ?
wUg ֻvKPvi
Avcbvi AM©vbvB‡Rk‡b Kviv Kviv KvR K‡ib, †Kvb †Kvb c` i‡q‡Q, Zv‡`i we¯ÍvwiZ cwiPq w`‡q Avcbvi
wUg ÷ªvKPviwU D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e|

Bb‡f÷‡g›U w_wmm
†K‡bv †fÂvi K¨vwcUvj †Kv¤cvwbwU Avcbvi ÷vU©Av‡c Bb‡f÷ Ki‡e †m wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Avcbv‡K
Rvbv‡Z n‡e| Avcbvi ÷vU©AvcwU †K‡bv `iKvi, Kx KvR Ki‡e, †Kvb RvqMvq BDwbK Gme wRwbm
Avcbv‡K Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e GB w_wm‡m| †gvUK_v, Avcbvi ÷vU©Av‡ci AvBwWqvwU weµq‡hvM¨ K‡i Zzj‡Z
n‡e Bb‡f÷‡ii Kv‡Q|

Competitive Advantage
Avcbvi ÷vU©AvcwU cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡i wU‡K _vK‡Z cvi‡e wK-bv, cvi‡j †K‡bv cvi‡e Zv D‡jøL Ki‡Z
n‡e GB RvqMvq| wewfbœ BÛvw÷ªi Pjgvb KvR¸‡jv‡K we‡kølY K‡i Avcbvi Kv‡Ri GKwU mdjZvi wPÎ
Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e|

wiUvb© Ae Bb‡f÷‡g›U
†fÂvi K¨vwcUvj †Kv¤cvwb Avcbvi Kv‡R Bb‡f÷ Kivi c‡i Zv‡K wiUvb© w`‡Z n‡e Avcbvi cÖwd‡Ui
Ask| †mwU KZ UvKv n‡e, KZ mgq cici †`‡eb Zv D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e GLv‡b|

weR‡bm GBR
Avcbvi weR‡b‡mi eqm KZ! Kx Kx mdjZv i‡q‡Q Zv D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e|

AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi aib
Kx wb‡q Avcbvi AM©vbvB‡Rkb KvR K‡i, †Kvb ai‡bi †cÖvWv± i‡q‡Q Zvi mg¨K aviYv Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e GLv‡b|

Investment mode
wewfbœfv‡e †fÂvi K¨vwcUvj Bb‡f÷ Ki‡Z ivwR _v‡K| Avcwb Kxfv‡e Bb‡f÷ Pvb †mwU GLv‡b D‡jøL
Ki‡Z n‡e|
EquityÑ Bb‡f÷i GLv‡b †kqvi‡nvìvi _vK‡e|
Debt- Bb‡f÷i Avcbv‡K avi †`‡e|
Utilization of FundÑ Bb‡f÷‡ii Aby`vb Kxfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡eb?
Convertible optionsÑ GKUv mgq ci †kqvi KbfvU© K‡i ÷‡K cwiYZ Ki‡eb wK-bv!
Exit Route (Selling off, IPO)Ñ Kxfv‡e †kqvi †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡eb?
Exit TenureÑ Kxfv‡e, †Kvb mg‡q †jvb cwi‡kva Ki‡eb?

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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ShopClues
yourstory.com/2016/01/shopclues-funding-unicorn
www.shopifz.com/blog/17587420-how-one-couple-is-making-600-000-per-year-
sellingdigital-products
www.pinterest.com/instgigi/ag-doll-patterns-liberty-janepixie-faire
www.shopifz.com/blog/17878276-how-two-friends-turned-up-the-heat-and-sold-170kworth-
of-spicy-honey-in-10-months? ssid=10224d2f3af008013bd7cf0bcdff78&signup_
code={signup_code}&ref=wbe
www.entrepreneur.com/article/231437
www.tintup.com/blog/user-generated-content-definition
www.inc.com/jayson-demers/why-content-marketing-is-the-best-long-term-marketing-
strategy
www.demandmetric.com/content/content-marketing-infographic blog.lemonstand.com/
importance-of-content-marketing-for-ecommerce
www.entrepreneur.com/article/279688
www.convinceandconvert.com/content-marketing/4-telling-trends-that-predict-the-future-
ofcontent-marketing
www.volusion.com/blog/picking-products-to-sell-online
www.practicalecommerce.com/9-Ecommerce-Marketing-Skills-that-Drive-Success
www.ecorner.com.au/FAQs-Questions-Ideas-Centre/ecommerce-business-plan
www.tutorialspoint.com/e_commerce/e_commerce_business_models
www.digitalbusinessmodelguru.com/2012/12/15-business-models-complete-list
blog.e-cab.net/how-to-start
blog.e-cab.net/knowing-your-products-please-do-your-homework
blog.e-cab.net/start-up-ecommerce-a-realistic-business-plan-workshop-template
www.klipfolio.com/resources/kpi-examples/seo/organic-search-traffic
customerthink.com/cross-selling-a-product-is-important-and-heres-why/
www.bigcommerce.com/ecommerce-answers/what-difference-between-upselling-and-cross-
selling
www.cleverism.com/quality-control-shipping-product info.mkmdistribution.com/blog/
bid/318029/Managing-Quality-Control-in-E-commerce-Fulfillment
www.shopifz.com/retail/120028547-9-strategies-for-profitably-pricing-your-retail-products
www.entrepreneur.com/article/78778
www.m3design.com/m3-design-journal/selecting-right-product-development-firm www.
entrepreneur.com/article/244616
www.businessdictionary.com/definition/product-development searchcio.techtarget.com/
definition/product-development-or-new-product-development-NPD
myndset.com/2012/02/where-is-the-value-added-in-an-ecommerce-site
www.wikihow.com/Improve-Service-Quality-at-Your-Business
www.academia.edu/4245425/Analyzing_e-service_quality_in_service-based_website_ by_E-
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shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/53964/11/11_chapter%202.pdf
blog.e-cab.net/ecommerce-website-guideline
retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/e-commerce/e-tailing/from-proceed-to checkout-
what-happens-when-you-bUz-a-product-online/53000225
www.practicalecommerce.com/articles/123635-5-Basics-to-Make-a-Website-Accessible
blog.wsol.com/5-things-to-consider-when-developing-an-ecommerce-website
www.magento.com
www.opencart.com
www.prestashop.com
www.woocommerce.com
www.virtuemart.net
www.shopifz.com
www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/jdcom-launches-highly-automated- warehouse-in-
shanghai-sets-new-standard-for-china-logistics-654621983
www.shopifz.com/blog/14069585-the-beginners-guide-to-ecommerce-shipping-and-
fulfillment
www.shopifz.ca/blog/8343330-how-to-choose-a-shipping-strategy-for-your-online-store
www.kpmg.com/IN/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/E-commerce-
retaillogistics-in-India.pdf
indianonlineseller.com/2016/02/marketplace-or-inventory-led-which-ecommerce-model-
works-best
indianonlineseller.com/2015/12/marketplace-or-self-fulfilment-which-one-should-you-pick
www.informationshield.com/policy-tools/international-data-privacy-laws
www.privacypolicies.com
www.shopifz.com/tools/policy-generator
blog.hootsuite.com/how-to-create-a-social-media-marketing-plan
blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/32763/The-10-Greatest-Marketing-Campaigns- of-
All-Time.aspx#sm.00nh2sob1e0bepd10wi2p5b2qtcnr
www.facebook.com/business/learn/facebook-page-basics
www.facebook.com/business/learn/facebook-create-ad-basics
www.facebook.com/business/learn/facebook-ads-choose-audience
www.facebook.com/business/learn/facebook-ads-custom-audiences
www.facebook.com/business/learn/facebook-ads-website-custom-audiences
www.facebook.com/business/learn/facebook-ads-lookalike-audiences ¸M‡ji wKIqvW© cø¨vbviÑ
https://adwords.google.com/KeywordPlanner Ges wKIqvW© wiwfjviÑwww. keywordrevealer.com
wKIqvW© wimvP© Uzj e¨envi K‡i wKIqvW© wimvP© Kiv n‡q‡Q|
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www.acquisio.com/blog/digital-marketing-beginners/how-to-get-started-yahoo-
geminiadvertising
www.mockingbird.marketing/yahoo-gemini
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blog.e-cab.net/B-Kgvm©-mvBU-weÁvcb-‡KŠ
www.creativeguerrillamarketing.com/guerrilla-marketing/45-creative-bag-ads and-guerilla-
marketing-examples
www.nchannel.com/blog/challenges-ecommerce-catalog-management
www.practicalecommerce.com/articles/77031-Drop-Shipping-How-to-Manage-Product-
Catalog-Data
blog.kissmetrics.com/intro-to-ecommerce-analytics
blog.kissmetrics.com/five-kissmetrics-reports-ecommerce-marketer
https://motivationping.com/success-life-business/
https://successstory.com/inspiration/self-motivation-important-to-succeed-in-life
https://magazine.startus.cc/4-key-ways-how-entrepreneurs-take businessopportunities/
https://smallbiztrends.com/2013/11/20-ways-to-communicate-effectively-in-theworkplace.
html
https://blog.linnworks.com/artificial-intelligence-in-ecommerce
https://hackernoon.com/revolution-of-artificial-intelligence-in-e-commerce-in-2020-
vo41l232q
https://becominghuman.ai/how-ecommerce-companies-are-using-ai-to-drive-higher-sales-
userexperience-20d9d9bbb2b0
https://www.sap.com/products/what-is-erp.html#benefits
https://www.oracle.com/applications/erp/what-is-erp.html
https://ehopper.com/articles/what-is-an-erp-system-and-how-does-it-work/
https://api2cart.com/ecommerce/top-5-enterprise-resource-planning-erp-systems-for-
ecommercebusinesses/
https://ecommerce-platforms.com/articles/enterprise-resource-planning-useful-ecommerce
https://www.shopifz.com/encyclopedia/enterprise-resource-planning-erp?ref=ecomplatforms
https://www.selecthub.com/enterprise-resource-planning/erp-ecommerce/
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https://www.contentharmony.com/blog/youtube-marketing-ideas/
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https://mention.com/en/blog/youtube-marketing/
https://blog.hootsuite.com/youtube-marketing/
https://www.smartinsights.com/digital-marketing-strategy/online-business-revenue-models/
online-revenue-model-options-internet-business/
https://fi.co/insight/the-10-most-popular-startup-revenue-models
http://blog.goemerchant.com/7-proven-revenue-models-online-business-startup
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http://bushwickkitchen.com
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