Scribd
Upload
33 views10 pages

Lecture Slide On Paralleling of Transformers

Uploaded by

Mubarrat Hossain Samin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views10 pages

Lecture Slide On Paralleling of Transformers

Uploaded by

Mubarrat Hossain Samin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

EEE 203

Energy Conversion I
Ms. Helena Bulbul
Dept. of EEE

Parallel Operation of Transformers

Department of EEE, UIU


Necessity of Parallel Operation
❑ To meet the increasing load demand
When load demand exceeds the capacity of existing transformer, another
transformer may be connected in parallel with the existing one to supply the
increased load.
❑ Non-availability of large transformer
If a large transformer is not available to meet the total requirement of load, two or
more small transformers can be connected in parallel to increase the capacity.
❑ Increased reliability
If multiple transformers are running in parallel, and a fault occurs in one
transformer, then the other parallel transformers still continue to serve the load
and the faulty transformer can be taken out for the maintenance.
❑ Transportation is easier for small transformers
If installation site is in remote area, then transportation of smaller units is easier
and may be economical.

Department of EEE, UIU


Conditions for parallel operation
When two or more transformers are to be operated in parallel, then
certain conditions have to be met for proper operation. These
conditions are –

❑ Voltage ratio (turns ratio) and ratings of all connected transformers


must be same.

❑ The per unit (pu) or, percentage resistance and reactance


(impedance components) of each transformer on its own base must
be same.

❑ X/R ratio of the paralleled transformer must be same.

❑ The polarity of all connected transformers must be same in order to


avoid circulating currents in transformers

❑ The phase sequence of all parallel polyphase transformers must be


identical
.
Department of EEE, UIU
Single-Phase Equal Voltage Ratio Transformers in Parallel
The secondary e.m.f.s of the two transformers are
equal (i.e., EA = EB =E) because they have the
same turns ratio and have their primaries
connected to the same supply.
Let ZA, ZB = Impedances of transformers referred
to secondary
IA,IB = Their respective currents
V2 = Common terminal voltage
I = Total load current
Then according to KCL, IA + IB = I
and IAZA=IBZB

𝑍𝐴
Similarly, IA 1 + =I
𝑍𝐵
𝑍𝐵
KVA shared by Xformer A, SA=S
𝑍𝐴 +𝑍𝐵
𝑍𝐴 If ZA>ZB, SB>SA
And KVA shared by Xformer B, SB=S𝑍 +𝑍
Effect of different turns ratio

Circulating current in paralleled Circulating current in paralleled


transformers when load switch is open transformers when load switch is closed

When turns ratios are different, EA and EB


are not equal and a current circulates in the Magnitude of circulating current,
secondaries of the transformers.

The direction of circulating current is same as


the direction of load current in one EA: Secondary Voltage of transformer A EB:
transformer whereas the direction of Secondary Voltage of transformer B ZA:
circulating current is opposite to that of load Equivalent impedance of transformer A ZB:
Equivalent impedance of transformer B
current in another transformer.

Department of EEE, UIU


KVA shared

EA: Secondary Voltage of transformer A EB:


Secondary Voltage of transformer B ZA:
Equivalent impedance of transformer A ZB:
Equivalent impedance of transformer B

Magnitude of circulating current,


Circulating current in paralleled
transformers when load switch is closed
We need to find the value of V2 applying nodal analysis method.
IA+ IB=I
𝐸𝐴 −𝑉2 𝐸𝐵 −𝑉2 𝑉2
+ 𝑍 =𝑍
𝑍 𝐴 𝐵 𝐿

𝑍𝐵 𝐸𝐴 −𝑉2 +𝑍𝐴 𝐸𝐵 −𝑉2 𝑉


⇒ = 𝑍2
𝑍𝐴 𝑍𝐵 𝐿

𝑍𝐵 𝐸𝐴 −𝑍𝐵 𝑉2 +𝑍𝐴 𝐸𝐵 −𝑍𝐴 𝑉2 𝑉


⇒ = 𝑍2
𝑍𝐴 𝑍𝐵 𝐿
𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐵 1 1 1
⇒ + = 𝑉2 + +
𝑍𝐴 𝑍𝐵 𝑍𝐿 𝑍𝐴 𝑍𝐵
𝐸𝐴 𝑍𝐵 +𝐸𝐵 𝑍𝐴
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑉2 = 𝐵 𝑍 𝑍 and then SB=V2.IB
𝑍𝐴 +𝑍𝐵 + 𝐴 SA=V2.IA
𝑍𝐿

Department of EEE, UIU


KVA shared

Circulating current in paralleled


transformers when load switch is closed

Department of EEE, UIU


Problem #1

Department of EEE, UIU


Load division between transformers in parallel

Equivalent circuit of a transformer


Equivalent circuit for paralleled transformers
Zload, P: Load impedance referred to primary
Zeq, P : Equivalent impedance referred to primary

Department of EEE, UIU


Problem #2
Two transformers A and B of ratings 500KVA and 250KVA are supplying a load of
750 KVA at 400-V and 0.8 lagging pf. Their open-circuit voltages are 405V and 415V
respectively. Transformer A has 0.01pu resistance and 0.05pu reactance.
Transformer B has 0.015pu resistance and 0.04pu reactance. Find (i) circulating
current at no-load (ii) the load current shared by each transformer.

Department of EEE, UIU

You might also like