only God can forgive

sins

priests were simple

vestments

no pope however may personal relationship

be necessary to have with God via prayer
plain and simple bishops and such to
church help. monarch was
head of church
services in English
statues, stained glass,
murals
Beliefs

2 sacraments: baptism
and holy communion

highly decorated
churches shows
grandeur of God Practices Beliefs
priests can marry no popes, cardinals,
bishops. rules made by
committee elected by
churchgoers
priests wear vestments

Practices PROTESTANTS
PURITANS
English services

latin services

Catholics accepted this

Practices title, told themselves
CATHOLICS Pope was still Head

priests wear black plain

robe

whitewashed churches, Elizabeth was now

no decorations head of church but
called herself Supreme
celibate priests Governor anyone who refused would be
imprisoned. only one catholic
religion was constantly bishop resigned rather than
Beliefs changing throughout the taking oath
Puritans resisted
instruction that clergy
should wear special
Religious Tudor era. Catholic,
Protestant, Catholic and
Protestant since 1509
vestments the Pope is the head of
the church with help
from cardinals, bishops
Divisions 1558
All clergy and royal
and priests The act of officials had to swear
Supremacy oath of allegiance to
her

7 sacraments
(ceremonies)
church is intermediary
between God and more accessible
people Elizabeth knew but
crucifix was to be allowed it as the
placed in each church Catholics seemed loyal
felt like settlement was too much of a services and bible in enough
to not upset Catholics compromise in favour of Catholics to avoid english
Catholic uprisings

church can forgive sins

Services Many criticised lack of Latin
mass. Went to church on
Sunday but they performed
mass in secret
Religious bread and wine offered
settlement during Holy Communion,
alternative to 'mass'

didn't believe there

Reasons for
Opposition 1559
should be a head of
church
Puritan
Challenge The Book of Common
They were a minority,
didn't have enough
Religion Prayer (Protestant)
used in every church
support Limitations
1558-59
The Royal Injunctions

Puritan actions and

support only 250 out of 9000
refused to take oath,
most churches kept old
priests
Some puritans
Puritans active in East accepted posts as clergy agree to use
Anglia. Had limited bishops to gain new prayer book, take
impact on north, which influence oath
was mostly Catholic
require license to
bishops threatened to resign preach wear surplice but
Elizabeth didn't listen to at demand for crucifixes so allowed to marry
them and they would Elizabeth decided not to place
never plot to overthrow crucifixes
her, suggested their 37 Puritan priests
support was limited resigned, refused to attend
new vestments to church MPs Earl of Leicester and Sir
Francis Walsingham in House of
Commons were puritan

responsible for church courts that deal with

preached the government's message. marriage, sexual offences, slander, etc
Elizabeth could check that they
preached her message, anyone who

Catholic
didn't was denied a license
The
Hostility towards
Protestants
Catholic church attempts to
reverse spread of Challenge Church of
Protestantism. Anyone
protestant was charged with
heresy from Catholic Church
England
Counter Reformation
in Europe
Reasons for carried out 'visitations' of churches
and clergy to ensure obedience of
Opposition religious settlement every 3-4 years

many Catholics offered guidance

refused to attend during difficult times
1566, Pope issued church e.g. poor harvest
instruction to Catholics Actions/Support
to not attend Church
of England services
powerful Catholic Parish churches/clergy
nobility who resented
their loss of influence
Many had to practise Catholicism
in secret and hide away relics as
recusants

revolt of the Northern wider range of beliefs

Earls in church in towns due
major figure in villages. to more people
Abroad Support
1/3 of nobility and 1570, Pope conducted baptisms,
gentry are recusants excommunicated weddings, funerals
Elizabeth. encourages
neighbouring Catholic By 1570, Spain had
countries to attack. regained control of
Netherlands and were in
a good position to invade
had Mary of Scots as
an alternative Catholic in towns, due to
monarch overcrowding, wider
range of issues to deal
with e.g. vagrancy,
poverty, disease

failed - protestants and 1562, Elizabeth backed

catholics made peace, French Protestants in 1566, England sheltered Dutch
Elizabeth couldn't religious war in France, who rebelled against Spanish
anger France now hoping to get Calais in occupation due to Spanish killing
return hundreds of Protestants in
Netherlands