This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (August 2017).

The changes required by the

Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against the
clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected.

Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware

Structural design actions

Earthquake actions in Australia
 Page

G
Q
Q
Q
 Heavy haul freight (HHF)

Main line freight (MLF)

Branch line freight (BLF)

Light rail (LR)

A
ALF i i
A

A
 A
or

A
A

A
a
B
b
or

CT
C
C T
C
C T

C
C
C

C
C
D
D
d or
or

d
d

F
F
F
F
F m
m
F
F or

F
F
F

F
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f f

G
G
G
G
g
H
or
or

h L
K
i
k
k
k
L or
or
or
 L
L

L
L

L
L
L
L n
L L L L
L
L
L
L

L L L
L
M
M
M
m
m n
N
N
n or
or

n f
P
PS
P
Q

R
R
r
S
T or

T or

t
V or

V i
i
V
V
W

W n

W
y or
or
Ty
y

Z or
F m
F

T
T

or
G
G
 G

Special cases

G
 G

F
F F

General

W80 wheel load

A160 axle load

M1600 moving traffic load

S1600 stationary traffic load
 b
n

n
b

n ALF

General

Magnitude
Application

Dynamic load reversal

Centrifugal forces

F
 F

F
V
F W
rg

V
r
g
W

n
ALF
i

n
ALF

Braking forces

Single standard design lane F

F W
F

F
Multiple standard design lanes F

F W
F

n
ALF
i

n
ALF i i

L
L
L

L
L
L
L
 Guide to Traffic Management,
Traffic Studies and Analysis
h h
a b

Q
or

or
Q
 General

Characteristic length (L )

L L

L
L
L
 L

n
L n L L L n
x
L xL L

continued
 continued

n
L L L
x
L
L L L L
L

Dynamic load allowance for bending effects

Application

Dynamic load allowance for other load effects

Dynamic load reversal

General

Open deck steel rail bridges

Ballasted deck steel rail bridges

Ballasted deck concrete rail bridges

Direct fixation
 Centrifugal forces

F
V A
F
rg

V
A
r
g

Braking and traction forces

General

Empirical method

L
 L

L L
L L
L L
L L

Rational method
 Distribution of forces

Nosing loads

Loads on ballast kerbs

 Fatigue design traffic load

L
f
Fatigue design stress range ( f )
f

Effective number of stress cycles (n)

n f

n C n

C
n f
L L
L or

L n

L L
L L

Track category for fatigue load

C
 C

Multiple track bridges

G G Q

Guide to Road Design

General
Collision loads on support elements
General

Frangible pier

Support within 10 m of track centre-line

Support elements located between 10 m and 20 m from track centre-line.

 Bridge and structural components within 10 m of the centre-line of the rail track

Through-type rail bridge superstructures

General

Collision loads within the bridge

Protection against head-on collision with the end of the through-girder, arch or
truss
General

Derailment load Case A

L
L

Derailment load Case B

Derailment kerbs
 Bridge Design Specifications

General

Traffic barrier design loads

 LRFD Bridge Design
Specifications

L
F
F F L
L

Effective height

Manual for Assessing

Safety Hardware (MASH)
Connection

Continuity

Post and rail type barriers

 Rigid barrier at a movement joint

or

L
h

L
h
With walkways
 Without walkways

Detailed dynamic analysis

General

f f

Maximum vertical acceleration

a
a fy
y
 x

x
x x x x x x x x d

x
Analysis principles
Seismic weight distribution
 BEDC classification

BEDC-4

BEDC-3

BEDC-2

BEDC-1

Requirements for BEDC-1

Requirements for BEDC-2

Requirements for BEDC-3

 P

Requirements for BEDC-4

k Z

Z
 P

C T
C T

Seismic acceleration for elastic horizontal earthquake response

CT

C T k ZC T

k
Z
C T

Seismic acceleration for ductile horizontal earthquake response

C T
C T

C T k ZC T
C T

CT
 N N
N
N
N N

N N

N N

N N
 Seismic acceleration for elastic vertical earthquake response

Bridge frame horizontal earthquake force

F

n
F C T W
i

W n

T
C T

Bridge frame vertical earthquake force

F
C T

Distribution of the bridge frame earthquake force

F n
W
W
F n
F
W
i

F W

W
W n
 P

P P

P P

General

Deck joints and bearings

 L
L L h B

L
h L
B

Pile to pile cap ductile connections

N
 V

V
V

ULSs

SLSs

Drag forces on piers

F CVA
C
A

C
C

Side forces on piers

F

F CVA
 C

C
C

F
F

General
 Drag force on superstructures
F
F CVA

C
A

C
S P
d
S
d

y
P
d

C
 Lift force on superstructures
F
F C VA

C
A
C
S
 C

Moment on a superstructure

M C V Ad

C
C

C
 Loads on superstructures with superelevation

C
C
C

A
C

Depth of debris mat

Debris acting on piers

Debris acting on superstructures

Calculation of debris load

F

F CVA

A
 C

General
 Log impact

Large item impact

F M Z g G

G
Z
F

M
General

Average return interval

Calculation of transverse wind load

W V AC
W
W V AC

V
V
A
C
 Area of structure for calculation of transverse wind load (A )

Superstructures with solid barriers

Superstructures with open barriers

Piers
Drag coefficient (C )
C
Drag coefficient for all superstructures with solid elevation
C

b
d
Aerodynamic shape factor for truss girder superstructures

Drag coefficients for beams during erection

Aerodynamic shape factor for barrier railings, barriers and

substructures
 C

C
C

W V AC

W V AC
V
V
A
C

d
b
D =

d
T

t =
y = Ty

T
T

For ULSs

For SLSs
 PS

G PS

G PS
G PS
Balanced cantilever structures

Anchor cantilever structures

Launched structures

All bridges
 R N
R N

Launching phase of an incrementally launched prestressed concrete bridges

General

Permanent effects (PE)

Thermal effects
Transient effects
 serviceability design load
k serviceability design load

k one additional
two additional

SLS design wind speed

Portal sign structures

 Cantilever sign structures

Vertical members

Horizontal members

Vertical members:

H
H

Horizontal members

L
L

Standard
Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals
Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic
Signals

General

Average recurrence interval (ARI)

Change in terrain category

Shielding multiplier (Ms )

M
Topographic multiplier
Net pressure for hoardings and freestanding walls

Free ends

Serviceability design

Protection screens

Noise barriers
 L

F F L F L
k ZC T
 P

BEDC-4

BEDC-3

BEDC-2

BEDC-1
P

k Z

Z
 P

T
T

gT
T C T

g
T
C T
 T

A B C D E

T
 T

T kZ T

T
k
Z
T T

T
R

T R T RkZ T

T
 C H L

f d

D
D

General

L
kL L L
L
L

f
k
f

f
f
Strain limits for damage control performance level

Reinforcing steel
Concrete compression

f
f

f
f
f
f

Structural steel

Hollow concrete piers

Prestressing steel

Strain limits for service (immediate use) performance level

Reinforcing steel

Concrete compressive strain

Structural steel strain

Prestressing steel
 i

Yield displacement capacity ( ) exceeds corner-period elastic seismic displacement

demand

Yield displacement capacity ( ) exceeds the elastic seismic displacement demand for
the bridge frame fundamental natural period in the direction considered T

n
m
i
T n
K
i
m n

K
i

Yield displacement capacity ( ) exceeds corner-period elastic seismic displacement

demand

n
m
i
n
m
i

m n

Yield displacement capacity ( ) exceeds the elastic seismic displacement demand for
the bridge frame fundamental natural period in the direction considered T

i
 T

n
m
i
T n
F
i

F m
m
F m
F
m n

n
m
i
T n
g m
i

F k

k
 n n
m m
i i

m n

k
m
k
T

m
n
m
m
i

m n

T
 V

n n
V V
i i

V i

i
i

Reinforced concrete piers

Structural steel piers

Foundation rotation effect

Superstructure transverse flexural deformation

Abutment deformation

Bearings
Elastomeric bearings

Friction slider bearings

Elastomeric bearing in conjunction with lead plug

Steel damping elements

Friction pendulum bearings
Pile foundations where hinges develop in piles

Pile/column designs
Column fixed to superstructure

Column pinned to superstructure

Friction slabs
Segmental piers connected by unbonded post-tensioning
Segmental piers connected by bonded post-tensioning
 F n
m
m
F F n
m
i

i
m n

P
P

P P

P P
 At potential plastic hinge locations

At other locations

f f

f f f f f

f f f f f

f f f f f

f f f f f

f
f
f
f
 L
L
L L h B

L
h L
B

L
N
 M V

M V M V M V M V
M V
continued
continued

continued
continued
L
continued
continued

continued
continued

continued
continued

continued
continued
SUMMARY: