Circular Motion Formula Sheet:

Centripetal Acceleration:

𝑣2 4𝜋 2 𝑟
𝑨𝒄 = 𝑨𝒄 =
𝑟 𝑇2

Note: Ac always point toward the center of the circle.

Revolving Speed:

2𝜋𝑟
𝒗= 𝒄 = 2𝜋𝑟
𝑇

Frequency:

1 # 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝒇= 𝒇=
𝑇 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

The frequency represents the number of cycles that occur in 1 second.

Period:

1 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑻= 𝑻=
𝑓 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠

The period is the time it takes to complete 1 cycle.

Centripetal Force:

𝑚𝑣 2
𝑭𝒄 = 𝑭𝒄 = 𝑚𝐴𝑐
𝑟

Note: Fc always point toward the center of the circle.

Tension Force – Horizontal Circles: (𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑣 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ)

𝑚𝑣 2
𝑻 ≈ 𝐹𝑐 =
𝑟
Horizontal Circle – Tetherball: (𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑣 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑤)

𝑚𝑣 2
𝑻𝒚 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑻𝒙 ≈ 𝐹𝑐 =
𝑟

𝑇𝑦
𝑻 = √𝑇𝑥 2 + 𝑇𝑦 2 𝜽 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
𝑇𝑥

𝑻𝒙 = 𝑇 cos 𝜃 𝑻𝒚 = 𝑇 sin 𝜃

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Vertical Circle: Tension Force – Point A:
𝑚𝑣 2
𝑻= − 𝑚𝑔
𝑟

Points B & D:
𝑚𝑣 2
𝑻≈ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑣 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ
𝑟

2
𝑣2
√ 2
𝑻=𝑚 𝑔 +( ) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑣 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑤
𝑟

Tension Force - Point C:

𝑚𝑣 2
𝑻= + 𝑚𝑔
𝑟

Minimum Rollercoaster Speed:

𝒗 = √𝑟𝑔

A Car Rounding a Curve on a Flat Road:

𝐹𝑠 = 𝐹𝑐

Maximum Speed:
𝒗 = √𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑔

Coefficient of Static Friction:

𝑣2
𝒖𝒔 =
𝑟𝑔

Valleys and Hills: Normal Force – Point A:

𝑚𝑣 2
𝑭𝑵 = + 𝑚𝑔
𝑟

Normal Force – Point B:

𝑚𝑣 2
𝑭𝑵 = 𝑚𝑔 −
𝑟

Note: If FN < 0, the object will lose contact with the road at point B.

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 Banked Turn:

𝑚𝑔
𝑭𝒈 = 𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃 𝑭𝑵 =
cos 𝜃

Speed and Angle Needed to Avoid Sliding Up or Down: (No Friction)

𝑣2
𝒗 = √𝑟𝑔 tan 𝜃 𝜽 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
𝑟𝑔

Maximum Speed Needed to Avoid Sliding Up: (With Friction)

𝑟𝑔(sin 𝜃 + 𝑢𝑠 cos 𝜃)
𝒗=√
cos 𝜃 − 𝑢𝑠 sin 𝜃

Minimum Speed Needed to Avoid Sliding Down: (With Friction)

𝑟𝑔(sin 𝜃 − 𝑢𝑠 cos 𝜃)
𝒗=√
cos 𝜃 + 𝑢𝑠 sin 𝜃

Non-Uniform Circular Motion:

𝑣2 𝐴𝑐
𝑨𝒄 = 𝜽 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
𝑟 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛

Tangential Acceleration:

𝑣𝐹 − 𝑣0
𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒏 =
𝑡

Net Acceleration:

𝒂 = √𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 + 𝐴𝑐 2

Gravitational Force of Attraction:

𝐺𝑀1 𝑀2
𝑭=
𝑅2

𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂𝒍 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕: 𝑮 = 6.67 𝑥 10−11 𝑁 ∗ 𝑚2 /𝑘𝑔2

𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝒖𝒏: 𝑴𝑺 = 1.99 𝑥 1030 𝑘𝑔
𝑬𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒐 𝑺𝒖𝒏 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆: 𝑹𝑬𝑺 = 1.496 𝑥 1011 𝑚

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 Satellite Speed:
𝐺𝑀𝐸
𝒗=√ 𝑹 = 𝑅𝐸 + ℎ
𝑅

Period:
2𝜋𝑅
𝑻=
𝑣

Gravitational Acceleration:
𝑴𝑬 = 5.97 𝑥 1024 𝑘𝑔 𝐺𝑀𝐸
𝒈=
𝑹𝑬 = 6.38 𝑥 106 𝑚 𝑅2

Kepler’s Third Law:

𝑇1 2 𝑟1 3
( ) =( )
𝑇2 𝑟2

Period:

𝑅3
𝑇 = 2𝜋√
𝐺𝑀

Orbital Radius:

3 𝐺𝑀𝑇 2
𝑅=√
4𝜋 2

Planetary Mass:

4𝜋 2 𝑅 3
𝑀=
𝐺𝑇 2

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