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Bieg • Toland
Payroll 2018 2018 Payroll
Accounting Accounting
Ed i t i o n Ed i t i o n
Payroll Accounting
Bieg • Toland
Payroll Accounting
with
Payroll Accounting
with
To register or access your online learning solution or purchase materials
for your course, visit www.cengagebrain.com. 2018
Edition
Bieg • Toland
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
91057_cvr_ptg01_hires.indd 1 SE — Bieg/Toland — Payroll Accounting, 2018 Edition ISBN-13: 978-1-337-29105-7 ©2018 Designer: Lou Ann Thesing 11/09/17 5:17 PM
Text & Cover printer: QuadGraphics Binding: Paper Trim: 9” x 10.875” CMYK
vi PREFACE Payroll Accounting 2018
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Payroll Accounting 2018 PREFACE vii
The entry to deposit FICA taxes and The entry to deposit FICA taxes and
federal income taxes withheld involves federal income taxes withheld involves
all of the following accounts except: all of the following accounts except:
a. Payroll Taxes. a. Cash.
b. FICA Taxes Payable—OASDI. b. Employees FIT.
c. Cash. c. Payroll Taxes.
d. FICA Taxes Payable—HI. d. FICA Taxes Payable—HI.
e. Employees FIT. e. FICA Taxes Payable—OASDI.
KEY FEATURES
Taxable Wage Base
• Mastery,TheApplication,
employer must consider the taxable wage base when
Motivation—Payroll computing the
Accounting OASDIand
2018
portion of the FICA tax. The law exempts wages that exceed this base during
CengageNOWv2 help($127,200
the calendar year you elevate
for 2017, student
please seethinking
“AS WE GOwith unique
TO PRESS” for content that
addressesestimated
each stage of theOnce
2018 OASDI). learning
the OASDI process,
taxable wageprepares students
base has been reached, to learn,
all payments made to the employee during the remainder of the year are not
providestaxable.
practice opportunities
The wage base applies tothat
amountsbetter prepareinstudents
paid employees for the exam,
a calendar year
and helpsandstudents achieve
not to the time when themastery with
services were toolsbythat
performed help them
the employees. make connec-
The HI
portion of the FICA tax is 1.45 percent withheld on total earnings plus an addi-
tions andtional
see0.9the big on
percent picture.
wages over $200,000. The employer does not “match” the
• The Washington Update—The
Employee’s Supplemental HI rate ofWashington Update,
0.9 percent on wages which
in excess appears within
of $200,000.
The employer HI rate is 1.45 percent on all wages. Just as social security benefits
Chaptersincrease
2, 3, each
4, and 5, advises
year based on changes thein student
the Consumer of Price
the tax
Index,code and tax laws
the taxable
that werewage
usedbasein the current
is increased also. edition. However, because tax code, tables,
This means that an employee who makes $34,000 would pay the FICA tax
and laws(6.2%
may1be 1.45%) on his or her total earnings,after
changed by Congress while anthe text has
employee been$1printed, the
who makes
student ismillion
advised
would on how,
pay the in practice,
HI portion (1.45%) ontheyhis or can find
her total the plus
earnings most current tax
addi-
tional HI tax (0.9%) on wages in excess of $200,000, but only $127,200 of the
code, tables, and laws.
$1 million would be taxed at 6.2 percent. Payroll Accounting 2018
WASHINGTON UPDATE
Greerson Inc. must make a deposit of $1,800 on June 15. The deposit was made 11 days late. The penalty assessed against EXAMPLE 3-8
Greerson is:
Failure to make timely deposit ($1,800 3 5%) 5 $90
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Failure to Furnish Payee Statements
If employers willfully fail to furnish their employees with properly executed wage
viii PREFACE Payroll Accounting 2018
• Medical interns.
• Student nurses. Credits Against FUTA Tax Learning Objectives
• LOInmates
3 of U.S. penal
Theinstitutions.
actual FUTA tax paid is usually only 0.6 percent, since employers are enti-
• federal
Compute the Those tled to aincredit
serving temporarily
unemploy- against
case of their FUTA
emergency taxflood,
(storm, liability for contributions made under
etc.). Learning Objectives are enumer-
approved state unemployment compensation laws. The maximum credit permit-
ment tax, the credit against the
tax, and any credit reductions that ted is 5.4 percent (90% of 6%). Thus, in the preceding example where the gross ated at the beginning of each chap-
might apply.Voluntary CoverageFUTA tax rate is 6.0 percent, the net FUTA rate would be 0.6 percent if the full
Coverage under FICA can5.4bepercent
extended to applied.
credit certain classes
Even if of servicespay
employers thata otherwise
SUTA rate of less than 5.4
ter, and the numbers are repeated
percent, they
would be excluded. For example, still get
service in the
thefull credit of
employ against theor
a state FUTA
localtax.
govern- next to the start of the applicable
ment that began prior to April 1, 1986, is still exempt for the OASDI portion of
Payroll Accounting 2018
the FICA tax. However, coverage can be extended to these employees by means
text
CHAPTER 3 • Social Security coverage
Taxes 3-5 for easy navigation.
EXA
ofM P L E 5 -agreement
a voluntary 4 Totalentered into
taxable earnings byexample)
(above the ...........................................................................................................
state and secretary of health and $49,290.00
human services. When aNetstate elects
rate of tax voluntary
(6.0% 2 coverage, it becomes responsible
5.4%) ....................................................................................................................... 3 0.6%
3.2
F I G U R Efor Amount of net
the collection and payment ofFUTA
thetaxFICA
...................................................................................................................................
tax as if it were covered employment. $ 295.74
THE JOB Contractor Status
ONIndependent
Test for
Eighty percent of the FUTA
Workers
tax paid SELF-STUDY
be classified
maygoes QUIZ
as independent
to pay federal 3-1To obtain
contractors if they: the maximum credit of 5.4 percent against the federal tax, the
Self-Study Quizzes
employer must make the state contributions on or before the due date for filing
1.(4 percent)
Hire, supervise,
Which
and pay assistants. the annual return under FUTA (see page 5-24)—January 31, 2019. If the employer
and state
of the following are covered by FICA (indicate Yes or No)? Self-Study Quizzes appear through-
2.(76 percent)
Determine administrative
the sequence of their work.
1. Andrian
costs. The other 20 percent
3.goes
Setinto
theiranown hours2.of work.
is late ainfull-time
Mitchell, paying the life state contributions,
insurance salesperson. the credit is limited to 90 percent of the
out each chapter and test the
extended John Sain, aamount
federal of the depositemployee,
government that wouldhired have in been 1990. allowed as a credit if the late contri-
4.unemployment
Work for as many
account.
employers
benefits
3. Bonnie as they wish.
Stone,butions
a realhad estatebeen paid on time.
agent. understanding of major concepts.
5. Are paid by the job.4. Stuart Schuck, who offers lawn care service to homeowners in the
6. Make their services available to the public.
neighborhood.
Answers to the quizzes are avail-
7. EHave
XA an Mopportunity
Note: L E for
PAnswers 5 profit
5 oron
- are loss.page
Sutcliff3-33.
e Company had taxable wages totaling $87,500 in 2018. During the year, the company paid some of its state able within each chapter.
8. Furnish their own tools. contributions after the January 31, 2019, cutoff. The penalty for tardiness is shown in the following calculation of the firm’s
9. Have a substantial investment in their net FUTA tax for 2018:
trade.
10. May be dismissed only under terms of Amount contract. of gross FUTA tax ($87,500 3 6.0%) ............................................................................... $ 5,250.00
Independent Contractor
State taxable wages ..................................................................................... $87,500
Sutcliffe’s SUTA tax rate ................................................................................ 3 5.4%
Sutcliffe’sindependent
The FICA tax law identifies contractors as persons who follow
SUTA tax ....................................................................................... $ 4,725an
independent trade, business, orofprofession
Sutcliffe’s SUTA taxwhere payments: they offer their services to the
Over the Line Real-World
Breakdown
public. The Small BusinessBeforeAdministration
1/31/19—$3,000 3 100% estimates that nearly 5 million work-
credit ...................................................................................... (3,000.00)
ers are independent contractors. The test
After 1/31/19—–$1,725 3 90% increditFigure 3.2 determines independent
........................................................................................ (1,552.50)
Over the Line
contractor status.
Employers do not pay
Amount of net FUTA tax...................................................................................................................
If theor
company had made timely
withhold payroll payments taxesof its state
oncontributions,
payments the amount
madeof its tonetinde-
$ 697.50
FUTA tax would have been
Ethics Cases
Stanford Yellow
pendent Cab of Mountain
contractors. reduced to $525,View,
However, the for a savingswas
individual of $172.50, assessed
as follows: $3 million in back
contractors are liable for social The Over the Line feature illus-
pay andsecurity
damagestaxesfor misclassifying
Amount of gross
(self-employment dozens
FUTA
taxes) taxon ($87,500
theof3net drivers
6.0%) as of independent con-
...............................................................................
earnings their businesses. $5,250.00
Misclassifying
tractors. Drivers employees
were required to carries
Total taxable a penalty days aforweek the employer.
wages......................................................................................
work six for 12-hour Generally, shifts.$87,500 the
trates cases of companies either
Driverspenalty will be the
were forced to abide
Credit againstshare
employer’s
Totalby
credita
tax .........................................................................................
dressofcode FICAand taxesnot plusallowed the income to change and3FICA 5.4%
...................................................................................................................................... 4,725.00
intentionally or unintentionally
taxes that were not withheld fromFUTA taxthe employee’s earnings. If the employee
their schedule or operate independently.
Amount of net 2
($87,500 3 0.6%) ..................................................................................
did report the earnings on his or her federal tax return, the penalty is voided.
$ 525.00
crossing the boundaries of fair-
If not reported, the employer may qualify for a reduced rate of 1.5 percent $697.50 2 $525.00 of 5 $172.50 savings ness in their interpretation of
the employee’s wage if a Form 1099 (see page 4-31) was filed (3.0 percent if
not filed). A reduced rate The might credit alsoagainst applythe toFUTA the employee’s tax for stateshare contributions of FICAdoes not apply to payroll laws.
Taxabletaxes—20
Wages percent of the anyfullSUTA FICA payments tax if deducted Form 1099 fromwas employees’filed (40 paypercent and penalties if and interest
The amountnot of
filed).
wages paid by not employers
included into thetheir contribution employees rate assigned during by the the state. calendar LO 2
year determines the amount ofExperience
OASDI/HI taxes. The basis of payment may be
Rating Identify the types of compensation
hourly, daily, weekly, biweekly,Insemimonthly, monthly,
some cases, employers
fund at the
a rate
annually,
may pay piece
contributions rate,
into Check Figures Included at the End of This Text
theiror a unemployment
state that are defined as wages.
lower than 5.4 percent. The method by which the employer con-
percentage of profits. Wages include following:
Check figures provide help and assist users in staying on track as they learn the
tributions may be adjusted because of a favorable employment record is referred
as experience whether
rating or merit rating.
1. Actual money received bytoemployees, called Thus,or
wages an salaries.
employer’s favorable experience
2. Cash value of meals and lodgingintricacies
provided for of the payroll accounting.
rate (employment record) qualifies the employer for a SUTA rate lower than
convenience of the
employees.
3. Bonuses and commissions paid by the employer with respect to
employment.
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Other common types of payments that are considered wages under FICA are
available. In such cases, the employer may rely on any one of the following docu-
ments as evidence of age for minor employees:
1. Birth certificate (or attested transcript thereof) or a signed statement of the
recorded date and place of birth issued by a registrar of vital statistics or
Payroll Accounting 2018 recording births. ix
other officer charged with the duty ofPREFACE
2. Record of baptism (or attested transcript thereof) showing the date of
birth of the minor.
3. Statement on the census records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and signed
Key Points Summary by an administrative representative thereof showing the name, date, and
place of the minor’s birth.
This summary at the end of the chapter ties the key points in the chapter The
to the
employer should maintain a copy of the document or indicate in the
Learning Objectives. payroll records which document verified the minor’s age.
Bank questions and solutions are included to assist with choosing True/False,
Multiple-Choice questions, and problems for examinations. Achievement
Tests and keys are provided for additional testing and can also be
reproduced.
How do I start?
• Online resources, user guides, and instructional videos are available on the
instructor companion Web site at login.cengage.com.
• Please address any other technical questions to Cengage Learning Technical
Support at support.cengage.com.
STUDENT RESOURCES
Student Companion Web Site
(www.cengagebrain.com)
Accessible through www.cengagebrain.com, the student Web site contains Check
Figures, Web Links, and PowerPoint slides. The Excel templates are posted for
the full version of the Glo-Brite Payroll Project (short-version templates are avail-
able from the instructor), Continuing Payroll Problems A and B, and selected
end-of-chapter problems designated by the Excel icon. In addition, the student
has access to important information contained in Appendix B: Social Security
Benefits and Appendix C: Unemployment Benefits.
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
AC K N O W L E D G M E N T S
Our sincere appreciation is extended to the many instructors and students who have contributed suggestions to make
the textbook more interesting, understandable, and practical to those who pursue the study of payroll accounting. As
a result of their very helpful recommendations, the textbook will better satisfy the learning needs of students and the
teaching needs of instructors. We would like to thank the following instructors for their valuable comments and
suggestions:
xi
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
xii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Payroll Accounting 2018
In addition, the authors would like to thank the following content providers and verifiers for the 2018 edition:
Bernie Hill, Spokane Falls Community College, retired instructor, for preparing the Excel templates and for
verifying the text and all the elements on the Web site and verification of CengageNOWv2 and all end-of-chapter
material.
Lisa Swallow, Program Director/Associate Professor, Missoula College, University of Montana Business and
Accounting Technology, for aid in end-of-chapter verification, supplemental items, and CengageNOWv2
verification.
Molly McFadden-May, Tulsa Community College, Assistant Professor, for aid in the CengageNOWv2
end-of-chapter feedback revisions.
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
A B O U T T H E AU T H O R S
Bernard J. Bieg
A
fter receiving his Master’s in Busi-
ness Administration from the Uni-
versity of Notre Dame and passing
Courtesy of Steve Bacher, Bucks County Community College
Judith A. Toland
J
udith Toland received her Master’s
Degree in Education from Temple Uni-
versity in 2002, her Bachelor’s Degree
in Business Administration—Accounting
Courtesy of Steve Bacher, Bucks County Community College
xiii
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
CO N T E N T S
A S W E G O TO P R E S S .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
P R E FA C E .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x i
A B O U T T H E AU T H O R S .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x iii
xiv
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Visit https://testbankfan.com
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Payroll Accounting 2018 CONTENTS xv
7 Payroll Project.........................................................................7-1
Books of Account and Payroll Records................................................ 7-2
General Information............................................................................ 7-3
Start of Payroll Project......................................................................... 7-6
Appendix A – Start of Short Version of Payroll Project
(Continuation of Payroll Project).........................................................7-16
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
xvi CONTENTS Payroll Accounting 2018
appendix B: Social Security Benefits........................................ B-1
What Factors Are Used to Determine Social
Security Benefits?......................................................... B-1
What Benefits Are Provided by Social Security?........... B-2
What Are Reduced Benefits?........................................ B-4
How Does Working After Retirement Affect Social
Security Benefits?......................................................... B-5
How Do You Apply for Social Security Benefits?..........B-6
What Is Medicare?....................................................... B-7
appendix C: Unemployment Benefits...................................... C-1
Unemployment Compensation Benefits........................ C-1
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
The Need for Payroll and CHAPTER 1
Personnel Records
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
C
an’t wait to get started? Let’s take our time
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
and get an overview of the entire payroll
process. 1 Identify the various laws that affect employers in their
payroll operations.
It’s not easy being an employer. Many legal
do’s and don’ts must be followed before we even 2 Examine the recordkeeping requirements of these
laws.
begin to consider the costs of employing workers,
3 Describe the employment procedures generally
and the do’s and don’ts are always changing.
followed in a Human Resources Department.
We need to have applications completed, con-
4 Recognize the various personnel records used by
duct interviews, check references, and examine
businesses and know the type of information shown
credit reports. How far can we go in checking on on each form.
the background of an individual applicant? What 5 Identify the payroll register and the employee’s earnings
records should we keep on each employee? Where record.
do we show the calculations that must be com-
pleted in order to give each employee a paycheck?
Get ready to begin the process of understand-
ing payroll operations.
No matter the size of the company, the profitability, the product or service being
sold, or the type of organization, employees have to be paid. This task has become
more difficult as numerous regulations have been enacted. Recent legislation has
only added to the administrative burden, and future legislation will continue this
trend. The payroll person is no longer the employee stuck in the corner who only
appears on payday to distribute paychecks. The job responsibilities have multi-
plied and now require persons with advanced knowledge in the area of payroll to
handle the position. In many cases, the payroll specialist has been on the leading
edge of change and automation.
Payroll professionals are responsible for processing over 4 billion pay state-
ments each year to over 100 million people in the workforce of the United States.
The processing of payrolls allows no margin for error. Employees, employers,
and government agencies monitor the work performed by payroll professionals.
A payroll accounting system is the only operation in a business that is almost
completely governed by various federal, state, and local laws and regulations.
Rules establish who is an employee, what is time worked, when overtime is to be
paid, what deductions are made, when to pay an employee, what benefits have to
be provided, and when taxes are paid. Lack of compliance with these laws and
regulations can result in both fines and back-pay awards.
The payroll professional has risen in the ranks of the accounting profession
and now demands salaries commensurate with his or her peers. The confidential-
ity of the payroll information from each employee’s pay rate to the garnishments
1-1
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
1-2 Chapter 1 • The Need for Payroll and Personnel Records Payroll Accounting 2018
imposed on some employees has tightened the link to the upper management
teams. The confidence and trust that must be placed in payroll professionals
have made them an integral part of the “inner circle.” This chapter briefly
examines the various laws that affect employers in their payroll operations
and the payroll and personnel records that they use to meet the requirements
of the laws. First, however, let’s take a brief look at payroll accounting as a
profession.
1 For more information on the organization, write to American Payroll Association, 660 North Main Avenue, Suite 100,
San Antonio, TX 78205-1217; Tel: 210-224-6406; [email protected].
2 Payroll Guide is published by Thomson Reuters, 121 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030; Tel: 1-800-431-9025.
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Payroll Accounting 2018 Chapter 1 • The Need for Payroll and Personnel Records 1-3
FIGURE 1.1
APA Code of Ethics
1. To be mindful of the personal aspect of the payroll relationship between employer and employee, and to ensure
that harmony is maintained through constant concern for the Payroll Professional’s fellow employees.
2. To strive for perfect compliance, accuracy, and timeliness of all payroll activities.
3. To keep abreast of the state of the payroll art with regard to developments in payroll technologies.
4. To be current with legislative developments and actions on the part of regulatory bodies, insofar as they affect
payroll.
5. To maintain the absolute confidentiality of the payroll within the procedures of the employer.
6. To refrain from using Association activities for one’s personal self-interest or financial gain.
7. To take as one’s commitment the enhancement of one’s professional abilities through the resources of the American
Payroll Association.
8. To support one’s fellow Payroll Professionals, both within and outside one’s organization.
Source: For more information on the organization, contact the American Payroll Association, 660 North Main
Avenue, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78205-1217; Tel: 210-224-6406; [email protected].
WASHINGTON UPDATE
With a new administration in Washington, there is now more than in
past years a sense that there will be major changes in the laws con-
cerning payroll activities. Not only changes in tax and wage rates, but
also fundamental changes in many of the labor laws. Because of the
timing of the publishing of the printed text, a number of these changes
might not be shown in this edition of the textbook. In order to keep
abreast of these changes, please refer to our online version of the
textbook where these developing changes can be listed as they become
law. The printed version will be as current as possible based on the
information available to the authors at the time of the writing of the
manuscript.
Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
Leur pensée était d’en finir avec lui. Dès le lendemain, des Juifs
acharnés à sa perte nouèrent une conspiration. Ils jurèrent avec de
terribles anathèmes « de ne boire ni de manger jusqu’à ce que Paul
fût mis à mort [386] ». Ils vinrent trouver les princes des prêtres, les
engagèrent dans leur plan d’attaque : que Paul fût ramené au
sanhédrin ; entre la tour Antonia et le Temple, au passage, ils le
poignarderaient.
[386] Leur vœu, en apparence, invraisemblable et
chimérique, équivaut simplement à jurer : « Il faut que
Paul soit tué le plus tôt possible. » Les Juifs admettaient
ces formules de vœu hyperboliques. Rappelons-nous
Jacques jurant de ne boire ni de manger jusqu’à ce qu’il
eût vu le Seigneur ressuscité. On lit dans le Traité Aboda
Zara (trad. Schwab, p. 189-190) : « Quand un homme a
promis par un vœu qu’il s’abstiendra de manger, malheur
à lui s’il mange, malheur s’il ne mange pas. S’il mange, il
pèche contre son vœu ; s’il ne mange pas, il pèche contre
sa vie. »
Le jour lentement revint, sans que le soleil parût. Des nuages bas
filaient, qui semblaient danser comme le bateau lui-même. A l’infini,
le cercle hérissé des vagues, des montagnes d’eau creusées en
gouffre.
Une petite île pourtant surgit : des pitons aigus comme des clous,
où se déchiraient les nuées ; une côte inaccessible, où se brisaient
les lames voraces.
Le pilote reconnut Cauda (aujourd’hui Gozzo) à vingt-cinq milles
au sud de la Crète. L’île opposait un mur aux rafales ; en courant
derrière elle, on eut un moment de répit. Les hommes hissèrent à
bord la chaloupe massive qu’on avait, jusque-là, remorquée au bas
de la poupe. Le patron avait peur qu’elle ne fût emportée. On ceintra
le bordage avec des câbles, de crainte que la charpente ne cédât ;
et l’on fit tomber une ancre flottante qui, par son poids, pouvait
retarder la fuite éperdue. Une des choses à redouter, c’était de se
voir poussés vers l’Afrique, d’échouer sur la grande ou la petite
Syrte, en plein désert.
Chaque fois que le bateau s’enfonçait au creux d’une vague, il se
relevait, d’un effort oblique, si lourdement qu’il pouvait soudain
chavirer. Pour alléger sa fatigue, le troisième jour, l’équipage lança
par-dessus bord les tables, les bancs, les agrès inutiles, les
antennes arrachées par le vent, et qui jonchaient le pont.
L’ouragan s’obstinait. Il semblait qu’une horde de démons
s’animait à l’exaspérer. Ni soleil, ni étoiles, depuis treize jours,
n’avaient lui. On ne savait plus où l’on était, où l’on s’en allait. L’eau
avait avarié une grande partie des caisses de vivres. Sur les deux
cent soixante-seize personnes que le navire portait, la plupart, trop
malades ou sans provisions, depuis le commencement de la
tempête, ne mangeaient presque rien. Les courages défaillaient ; les
hommes se jugeaient perdus ; Paul avait grand’peine à soutenir sa
vaillance ; il sentait les puissances du mal, plus que jamais,
acharnées sur sa route, comme si elles voulaient lui barrer l’accès
de la Ville éternelle. Il priait éperdument pour les âmes des vivants
embarqués avec lui ; il demandait un signe.
Une nuit — la treizième — un ange lui apparut, le réconforta :
— N’aie point peur, Paul ; il faut que tu comparaisses devant
César ; et voici que Dieu te fait don de tous ceux qui naviguent avec
toi.
Au matin, le temps n’avait pas encore changé. Toujours le ciel
informe, la mer livide ou d’un noir de poix, et le vent inexorable.
Cependant, Paul circula sur le pont, parmi les groupes abattus ; et il
leur communiqua sa divine sécurité :
— Hommes, il aurait fallu m’écouter, ne pas reprendre la mer en
quittant la Crète. Vous auriez fait l’économie de ce malheur et de
cette perte. Et maintenant je vous exhorte à être confiants ; de vous
tous pas un ne se perdra ; il n’y aura que le vaisseau (de perdu).
Car, cette nuit même, s’est présenté à moi un ange du Dieu à qui
j’appartiens, que je sers… C’est pourquoi, hommes, soyez
confiants ; j’ai foi en Dieu que les choses seront comme elles m’ont
été dites. Mais c’est dans une île qu’il nous faut échouer.
En effet, la quatorzième nuit, vers minuit, des hommes de
l’équipage perçurent, au milieu du vacarme des flots, un bruit
significatif. L’ancre flottante râclait les fonds ; donc une terre était
proche. Ils jetèrent la sonde : vingt brasses seulement ! Un peu plus
loin : quinze brasses ! Ils tremblèrent que le bâtiment n’allât
s’éventrer sur un récif ; et de la poupe ils précipitèrent quatre ancres.
Ils préféraient un danger à un autre danger. Mais le navire faisait
eau ; immobile, il pouvait être, avant le jour, disloqué par les vagues.
Dans l’affolement des ténèbres les matelots songèrent à fuir. Ils
descendirent la chaloupe, sous prétexte de tendre aussi des ancres
à l’avant. Paul était là, penché sur le bordage. Il comprit leur
manœuvre, dit au centurion et aux soldats :
— Si ces hommes ne restent pas sur le navire, vous autres, vous
ne pouvez pas vous sauver.
La chaloupe descendait ; les soldats, malgré les cris des
matelots, coupèrent les cordages ; elle tomba dans la mer.
Paul, en ces moments critiques, prend, comme partout, l’allure
d’un chef. Une certitude surnaturelle investit ses paroles d’une
autorité que n’aurait plus ni le patron du vaisseau, ni le centurion. Ce
mystique a l’œil ouvert sur la chaloupe qu’on veut descendre. Mais
sa grandeur sacerdotale couronne son génie pratique, le transfigure.
Le jour n’est pas encore venu ; les fanaux secoués par les
bourrasques lui laissent entrevoir des visages exténués, des corps
grelottants. Il va et vient parmi les hommes ; il élève la voix, sa voix
dont la puissance affrontait le tumulte de la mer comme les
hurlements d’une foule :
— A cette heure, le jour que vous attendez va être le
quatorzième, passé à jeun, sans rien prendre. C’est pourquoi je vous
engage à prendre de la nourriture. Car cela importe à votre salut.
[Vous serez sauvés] et aucun de vous ne perdra un seul cheveu de
sa tête.
Le discours de Paul avait un sens immédiat et une portée
mystérieusement symbolique. Il pensait au salut des âmes ; le repas
où il les conviait, c’était la communion des chrétiens [395] . Il prit du
pain, le bénit devant tous, le rompit et mangea le premier. Tous
reprirent courage, et ils mangèrent à leur faim.
[395] Le texte ne dit pas que Paul célèbre vraiment la
Cène ; en ce cas, il ne distribuerait qu’aux seuls chrétiens
le pain consacré.