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Professional Engineers Ontario

Exam

07-Elec-A6 Power Systems and Machines

Spring 2016

Notes:

1. Do only five questions from a choice of seven. FIVE (5) questions

constitute a complete exam paper. Unless you indicate otherwise, the first
five questions as they appear in the answer booklet will be the only ones
marked. All questions are of equal value.

2. Neatness is important. Start each question on a new page, and clearly

indicate the question number. Only work written on the right hand pages of
the answer booklets will be marked. Use the pages on the left side for rough
work only - work presented on the left hand side pages will NOT be
marked.

3. You may use one of the approved Casio or Sharp calculators.

4. This is a closed book exam. Formula sheets are attached.

5. All ac voltages and currents are rms values unless noted otherwise. For
three-phase circuits, all voltages are line-to-line voltages unless noted
otherwise, and power is total real power unless noted otherwise.

6. You are strongly encouraged to use a pencil and eraser for this exam.

If doubt exists as to the interpretation of any question, the candidate is urged to

submit with the answer paper a clear statement of any assumptions made.
Power Systems and Machines Exam 07- Elec-A6/Spring 2016 Page 2 of 8

Question 1. A 1500 KW industrial facility operates at a lagging power factor (PF) of 0.75 with
input voltage VL at the load terminal Li equal to 2400 V (RMS). The load is fed from a source
through a transmission line having an impedance of 0.05 j0.5 n as shown in Figure 1.1.

0.05 ,C2 j 0.5 Si

mm

.1

Figure 1.1

a. Determine the load current.

b. Calculate the average power losses along the transmission line.
c. Determine the source voltage, Vg.

In order to improve the PF, an additional load, L2, is added in parallel as shown in Figure 1.2.
The new load adds 100 KW to the system and improves the overall PF to 0.95 lagging.
d. Determine the reactive power and the PF associated with the added load.
e. If VI, is kept at 2400 V, obtain the current drawn by the two loads in parallel (1,1 and
L2), the average power losses along the transmission line and the source voltage, Vg,
after connecting the additional load.

0.05 C2 j 0.5 c2
rYYY\

Figure 1.2
Power Systems andMachines Exam 07- Elec-A6/Spring 2016 Page 3 of 8

Question 2. A balanced Y-connected three-phase load consisting of an impedance of 17L62°

in each phase is connected to a balanced three-phase, 60 Hz source as shown in the circuit of
Figure 2 below through a distribution line having an impedance, ZL, of 0.1 +j0.3 f, between the
source and the load. The voltage at the load is 600 V, line-to-line.

a. Find the line current from the source, and the voltage at the source.
b. Find the total average and reactive power of the Y-connected load.
c. A three-phase induction motor is connected in parallel with the Y-connected load.
The motor output is 23 hp at an efficiency of 83% and a power factor of 0.85 lagging.
Determine the new line current with the motor connected, and the voltage at the
source. Also, find the average and reactive power drawn by the induction motor.
Assume the impedance in the wires connecting the Y-connected load and the
induction motor is negligible.
d. If we wish to correct the power factor at the loads to unity, how many VARs of a
three-phase capacitor bank are needed (assuming no losses in the capacitor bank)? If
the capacitor bank is connected in Y, what is the required phase impedance?
e. What is the new line current with the capacitor bank of (d) connected?
f. Draw a phasor diagram showing the line currents without power factor correction and
with the power factor corrected to unity.

A jXj, a

10

N 11

NYY\ 0
j XL,
RL,

IC
MY\
C RL jXL,

Source )44 Distribution

line "+" Loads

Figure 2
Power Systems andMachines Exam 07- Elec-A6/Spring 2016 Page 4 of 8

Question 3.

A 220 V DC shunt motor has an armature resistance, Ra =0.1 S2, a field resistance, Rf =100
and negligible rotational losses. Under certain load conditions, the shunt motor runs at 1600 rpm
while drawing a total current, It = 100 A. Determine:
a. the output power of the motor;
b. the output torque in N-m; and,
c. the efficiency.
Without making any changes to the applied voltage or the field, the motor operates with a new
mechanical load that requires a mechanical developed torque of 100 N-m. Determine:
d. the total current that the motor consumes;
e. the operating speed; and,
f. the efficiency.

Question 4.

The following test results were obtained for a 15 kVA, 2300/230 V transformer:

Open-circuft Test Shortcircuit test

300V Vsc =47 V

Toe — 0.21 A Ise = 6.52 A

Po = 50 W Psc = 160 W

a. On what side of the transformer were each of the tests taken?

b. Determine and sketch the approximate equivalent circuit for this transformer, with
all voltages referred to the high voltage side.

c. Determine the full-load voltage regulation and efficiency with 0.8 leading power
factor.
Power Systems andMachines Exam 07- Elec-A6/Spring 2016 Page 5 of 8

Question 5. A 4-pole, 208 V, three-phase, 60 Hz, 10 hp, Y-connected SCIM has the following
characteristics:

RI = 0.4 n = 0.35 n
R2' = 0.14 C2, X2' = 0.35 S2
16f

Rotor losses are 360 W. Draw an equivalent circuit showing the given parameters, and, for a
motor speed of 1746 rpm, calculate, on a perphase basis, the following:

a. the stator armature current;

b. the rotor current;
c. stator input power;
d. stator copper loss;
e. rotor power input;
f. rotor power developed;
g. total output power in watts and horsepower;
h. motor efficiency; and,
j. output torque.

Question 6. Two 600-kW, 60-Hz, diesel-driven synchronous generators A and B have governor
speed regulations of 2.0 and 5.0 percent, respectively. Both machines are in parallel and
supplying equal shares of a 1000-kW bus load at 57 Hz.

a. Sketch the approximate governor characteristics for both machines on one set of
coordinate axes, and indicate the operating frequency. Label both curves.

b. On the same diagram, approximate a new operating condition that assumes the
load on the bus decreases a total of 400kW.

c. Determine the new frequency and the new load distribution for the conditions in
part (b).
Power Systems and Machines Exam 07- Elec-A6/Spring 2016 Page 6 of 8

Question 7. Find the current required to establish a flux of 2 mWb in the air gap of the magnetic
structure shown in Figure 3 below (the magnetization curve is also provided). The coil has 500
turns, and the structure the following dimensions:

Ai = 40 cm2 A2 = 12 cm2 A3 = A4 = 25 cm2 Ag = 26 cm2

ii = 40 cm 12 = 24 cm 13 = 14 = 26 cm ig- = 25 x I0-3 cm

.3

.2

IN
t
0.9

N turns

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

I I I
C) 1 00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Field intensity H (um)

Figure 3

END OF THE EXAM

 Potentially useful formulae Page 7 of 8

V 2
P = VIcos0 = R = 12R = Re[V11

Vy2
Q = Vlsin0 = - = /2X = im[VI*1
X

S = VI*
V2
ISI = P2 +Q2 =VI=IZZ=

R P
pl: = cos() =
Z S

PT = AAV LCOSO = 3Pp P = Vpipcos0

QT = iSTIL /Lsin0 = 3Qp QP = Vpipsin0

ST = \TS VI
II, Sp = Vpip

Ni Wb
B = —
4) = = T
P' m2

NI B A -t
- -
1 1-1, m

P-A

A -t
at - 1
Wb

[lo = 4Tc x 10 -7 Wb
A -t -m

Pe = Ktf 2B 2maxVvoi Ph = Kip Xmax V„„i

L
N2

07-Elec-A6/May 2016
 Page 8 of 8

IL =I
+I

Vt = Ea +IaR a

Ea = Ka cD(t)

T =

Pinput = VI
t

Pdev = EI
a a = Tdev com

Pout = Pdev Prot Tout (A)m

Prot No load Pdev

n = 1201

n - nm
s -
ns

Pinput = 3 VA cos 0

p = p. 2p r/ 2 Ri
2
gap input - 1/1 RI 2 dev WS

3/ 22R2/ = sPgap

Pdev = PgaP 3I22R2 = (1 - S)Pgap

p
Pout = - dev Prot = Tout 63m

Ea Vt + Ia(Ra + jXs)

3 V,E
& a sin
P
Xs

07-Elec-A6/May 2016