PHYSICS

NCERT - NCERT PHYSICS(HINGLISH)

MOTION IN A PLANE

Solved Example

1. Rain is falling vertically with a speed fo

35ms
−1
. Winds starts blowing after sometime

with the speeds of 12ms

−1
in east to west
direction. At what angles with the vertical

should a boy waiting at a bus stop hold his

umbrella to protect himself from rain?

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2. Find the magnitude and direction of the

resultant of two vectors A and B in the terms

of their magnitudes and angle θ between

them.

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3. A motor boat is racing towards North at

25km / h and the water current in that region

is 10km / h in the direction of 00

60 East of

South. Find the resultant velocity of the boat.

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4. The position of a particle is given by

2 ˆ
r = 3t î + 2t ĵ + 8k

where, t is in seconds and the coefficients have

the proper units for r to be in metres.

(i) Find v (t) and a(t) of the particles.

(ii) Find the magnitude and direction of v(t)

and a(t) at 1 = 1s .

A. (2.0 î + 4.0t ĵ) ,a = 4.0ms

−2
5.0ms
−1

, 53 with x-axis`
∘
 B. (3.0 î + 4.0t ĵ) ,a = 4.0ms
−2
5.0ms
−1

, 53 with x-axis`
∘

C. (3.0 î + 4.0t ĵ) , a = 2ms

−2
5.0ms
−1
,

53
∘
with x-axis`

D. (3.0 î + 4.0t ĵ) ,a = 4.0ms

−2
5.0ms
−1

, 45 with x-axis`
∘

Answer: B

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5. A paarticle starts from origin at t = 0 with a

velocity 5.0 î m / s and moves in x-y plane

under action of a force which produces a

constant acceleration of (3.0 î + 2.0j)m / s

2
.

(a) What is the y-cordinate of the particle at

the instant its x-coordinate is `84 m ? (b) What

is the speed of the particle at this time?

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6. Rain is falling vertically with a speed of

10√3ms
−1
. A woman rides a bicycle with a

speed of 10ms
−1
in east to west direction.

What is the derection in which she shold hold

her umbrella to protect from rain ?

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7. Galileo, in his book Two new sciences, stated

that "for elevations which exceed or fall short

of 45
∘
by equal amounts, the ranges are

equal. Prove this statement.

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8. A hiker stands on the edge of a cliff 490m

above the ground and throwns a stone

horiozontally with an initial speed of 15ms

−1

neglecting air resistance.The time taken by the

stone to reach the ground in seconds is

2
(g = 9.8ms )

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9. A cricket ball is thrown at a speed of

28ms
−1
in a direction 30
∘
above the

horizontal. Calculate (a)the maximum height

(b) the time taken by ball to return ti the same

level, and (c )the distance from the thrower to

the point wher the ball restance from the

throwrt to the point where the ball returns to

the same level.

A. 10.0m 2.8s 29m

B. 10.0m 2.8s 69m

 C. 10.0m 3.8s 69m

D. 20.0m 2.8s 69m

Answer: B

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10. An insect trapped in a circular groove of

radius 12 cm moves along the groove steadily

and completes 7 revolutions in 100 s. (i) What

is the angular speed and the linear speed of

 the motion ? (ii) Is the acceleration vector a

constant vector ? What is its magnitude ?

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Exercise

1. State, for each of the following physical

quantities, if it is a scalar or a vector. Volume,

mass speed acceleration, density, number of

moles, velocity, angular frequency,

displacement, angular velocity.

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2. Pick out the two scalar quantities in the

following list: force, angular momentum, work,

current, linear momentum, electric field,

average force, angular momentum, work,

current , linear momentum, electric field,

average velocity, magnetic moment, relative

velocity.

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3. Pick out the only vector quantity in the

following list:

Temperature, pressure, impulse, time, power ,

total path length, energy, gravitational

temperature, pressure, impulse, time, power,

total path length, energy, gravitational

potential, coefficient of friction, charge.

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4. State with reasons, whether the following

algebraic operations with scalar and vector

physical quantities are meaningful:

(i) Adding any two scalars (ii) Adding a scalar

to a vector of the same dimensions

(iii) Multiplying any vector by any scalar (iv)

Multiplying any two scalars

(v) Adding any two vectors

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5. Read each statement below carefully and

state with reasons, with it is true or false :

(a) The magnitude of vector is always a scalar.

(b) Each component of a vector is always a

scalar.

(c) The total path length is always equal to the

magnitude of the displacement vector of a

particle.

(d) The average speed of a particle (defined as

total path length divided by the time taken to

cover the path) is greater or equal to the

magnitude of average velocity of the particle

over the same interval of time.

(e) three vectors not lying in a plane can never

add up to give a null vector.

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6. Establish the following inequalities

geometrically or otherwise ,
∣→ →∣ ∣ →∣ ∣ →∣
(a) ∣A + B ∣ ≤ ∣A ∣ + ∣ B ∣ ,
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

∣→ →∣ ∣ ∣ →∣ ∣→
(b)
∣
∣A + B ∣ ≥ ∣∣A ∣ − ∣ B ∣ ∣
∣ ∣ ∣∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

∣→ →∣ ∣ →∣ ∣ →∣
(C ) ∣A − B ∣ ≤ ∣A ∣ + ∣ B ∣
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
 ∣→ →∣ ∣ ∣ →∣ ∣→
(d)
∣
∣A − B ∣ ≥ ∣∣A ∣ − ∣ B ∣ ∣
∣ ∣ ∣∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

When does the equality sign above apply ?

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→ → → →
7. Given A + B + C + D = 0 , which of the

following statements are correct ?

→ → → →
(a) A , B , C abd D each must be a null

vector.
→ →
(b) The magnitude of (A + C ) equals the
→ →
magnitude of (B + D) .
→
(c) The magnitude of A can never be greater
 → →
than the sum of the magnitude of B , C and
→
D .
→ → → →
(d) B + C must lie in the plane of A + D . if
→ →
A and D are not collinear and in the line of
→ →
A and D , if they are collinear.

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8. Three girls skating on a circular ice ground

of radius 200m start from a point (P) on the

edge of the ground and reach a point Q

diametrically opposite to (P) following

different paths as shown in Fig. What is the

magnitude of the displacement vector for

each ? which girl's displacement is equal to

the actual length of path skate ?

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9. A cyclist starts from the center O of a

circular park of radius 1km, reaches the edge P

of the park, then cycles along the PQ

circumference and returns to the center along

OQ as shown in fig. If the round trip taken ten

minute, the (a) net displacement, (b) average

velocity and (c) average speed of the cyclists

(in kilometer and kinetic per hour) is

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10. On an open ground, a motorist follows a

track that turns to his left by an angle of 60

∘
after every 500m . Starting from a given turn,

The path followed by the motorist is a regular

hexagon with side 500m , as shown in the

given figure specify the displacement of the

motorist

at the third, sixth and eighth turn. Compare

the magnitude of the displacement with the

total path length covered by the motorist in

each case.

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11. A passenger arriving in a new town wishes

to go from the station to a hotel located

10km away on a straight road from the

station. A dishonest cabman takes him along a

circuitous path 23km long and reaches the

hotel in 28 minutes . What is (a) the average

speed of the taxi, (b) the magnitude of

average velocity ? Are the two equal ?

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12. Rain is falling vertically with a speed of

30ms
−1
. A woman rides a bicycle with a

speed of 10ms
−1
in the North to South

direction. What is the direction in which she

should hold her umbrella ?

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13. A man can swim with a speed of 4kmh
−1

in still water. He crosses a river 1km wide that

flows steadly at 3kmh

−1
. If he makes his

strokes normal to the river current, how far

down the river does he go when he reaches

the other bank?

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14. In a harbour, wind is blowing at the speed

of 72km / h and the flag on the mast of a boat

anchored in the harbour flutters along the N-E

direction . If the boat starts moving at a speed

of 51km / h to the North, what is the direction

of flag on the mast of the bat ?

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15. The ceiling of a long hall is 25m high. What

is the maximum horizontal distance if a ball

thrown with a speed of 40ms

−1
can go

without hitting the ceiling of the hall ?

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16. A cricketer can throw a ball to a maximum

horizontal distance of 100m. With the same

speed how much high above the ground can

the cricketer throw the same ball?

A. 150m

B. 250m

C. 350m

D. 50m

Answer: D

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17. A stone tied to end of a string 80cm long is

whirled in a horizontal plane with a constant

speed. If the stone makes 14 revolutions in 25

seconds, what is the magnitude and direction

of acceleration of the stone ?

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18. An aircraft executes a horizontal loop of

radius 1 km with a steady speed of 900kmh −1

.
Compare its centripetal acceleration with the

acceleration due to gravity.

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19. Read each statement below carefully and

state, with reasons, if it is true or false :

(a) The net acceleration of a particle in circular

motion is always along the radius of the circle

towards the center.

(b) The velocity vector of a particle at a point

is always along the tangent to the path of the

particle at that point.

(c) The acceleration vector of a particle in

uniform circular motion averaged over one

cycle is a null vector.

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20. The position of a particle is given by

, where (t) in
→ 2 ˆ
r = 3.0t î − 2.0t ĵ + 4.0km

seconds and the coefficients have the proper

units for to be in metres. (a) Find the

→ →
r v

and of the particle ? (b) What is the

→
a
magnitude and direction of velocity of the

particle at t = 2s ?

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21. A particle starts from the origin at t = 0

with a velocity of 10.0ĵm / s and moves in the

x-y plane with a constant acceleration of

(8.0 î + 2. 0 ĵ)ms
−2
. (a) At what time is the

x-coordinate of the particle 16m ? What is the

y-coordinate of the particle at that time ? (b)

What is the speed of the particle at that time ?

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22. î and ĵ are unit vectors along x-and y-axis

respectively. What is the magnitude and the

direction of the vectors î + ĵ and î − ĵ ?

What are the components of a vector

→
A = 2 î + 3 ĵ along the direction î + ĵ and

î − ĵ ?

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23. For any arbitrary motion in space, which of

the following relations are true?

(a) v
average
= (1 / 2)(v(t1 ) + v(t2 ))

(b) v average
= [r(t2 ) − r(t1 ] / (t2 − t1 )

(c) v(t) = v(0) + at

(d) a average
= [v(t2 ) − v(t1 )] / (t2 − t1 )

The average stands for average of the quantity

over time interval t to t 1 2

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24. Read each statement below carefully and

state with reason and examples, if it is true or

false.

A scalar quantity is one that

(a) is conserved in a process

(b) can never take negative values

(c) must be dimensionless

(d) does not vary from one point to another in

space

(e) has the same value for observers with

different orientations of axes.

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25. An aircraft is flying at a height of 3400 m

above the ground. If the angle subtended at a

ground observation point by the aircraft

positions 10 s apart is 30
∘
, what is the speed

of the aircraft ?

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26. A vector has magnitude and direction (i)

Does it have a location in the space ? (ii) Can it

vary with time ? (iii) Will two equal vectors
→
a

→
and b different locations in space necessarily

have identical physical effects ? Give examples

in support of your answer.

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27. A vector has both magnitude and direction.

Does that mean anything that has magnitude

and direction is necessarily a vector ? The

rotation of a body can specified by the

direction of the axis of rotation and the angle

of rotation about the axis. Does the make any

rotation a vector ?

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28. Can you associate vectors with (a) the

length of a wire bent into a loop (b) a plane

area (c) a sphere ? Explain.

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29. A bullet fired at an angle of 30
∘
with the

horizontal hits the ground 3.0 km away. By

adjusting its angle of projection, can one hope

to hit a target 5.0 km away? Assume the

muzzle speed to be fixed and neglect air

resistance.

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30. A fighter plane flying horizontally at an

altitude of 1.5km with speed 720kmh

−1
passes directly over head an anti-aircraft gun.

At what angle from the vertical should the gun

be fired from the shell with muzzle speed

600ms
−1
to hit plane.

At what minimum altitude should the pilot fly

the plane to avoid being hit ? ( Take g= 10

ms
−2
).

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31. A cyclist is riding with a speed of 27kmh −1

.

As he approaches a circular turn on the road

of radius 80 m, he applies brakes and reduces

his speed at the constant rate 0.5ms −1

. What

is the magnitude and direction of the net

acceleration of the cyclist on the circular turn

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32. Show that for a projectile the angle

between the velocity and the x-axis as function

of time is given
v0y − gt
by θ t
= tan
−1
( )
vox
(b) Shows that the projection angle θ0 for a

projectile launched from the origin is given by

−1
4h m
θt = tan ( )
R

where the symbols have their usual meanings.

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