COMPUTER GRAPHICS

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Input & output devices

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Input Devices
• An Input device is the piece of computer hardware equipment used
to give input to the computer.
• The input can be in the form of graphics, text, sound, audio, video,
and image, etc.
• “Input devices are those devices through which we can give the data
and instructions to the computer.”
• For Example – Mouse, Trackball, Keyboard, Light pen, etc.

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Classification of Input Devices
Manual Data Entry Direct Data Entry
Devices : Devices
Manual input Direct data devices
devices are those are those peripheral
peripheral devices devices through
through which the which we can
user can enter the directly input the
data manually (by data from the
hand) at the time of source and transfer
processing. that to the
computer system.

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Keyboard
It is the commonly used input device. It is designed to input text and
characters.
A keyboard contains approx 108 keys.
For Example – Alphanumeric keys, Numeric keys, Function key, and
cursor key, etc.

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Types of Keys
Alphanumeric keys: These are located in the center of the keyboard.
These keys consist of alphabet (A-Z), Number (0-9), and symbols (@, #,
$, %, ^, &, *, !, =, +).
Numeric Keys: A part of keypad contains 17 numeric keys. In which we
can include number up to 0-9, mathematics operator like +, -, /, *, and
enter key.
Function keys: These keys are placed at the top of the keyboard. In
which we can include F1, F2 up-to F12. The function key performs
many tasks according to the software.
Cursor Keys: The cursor keys include Up, Down, Left, and Right. These
are used to move the cursor on the screen.

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Types of Keyboard
Normal Keyboard: These are the commonly used keyboard. It is used
by the user in their PCs. It contains 108 keys. The normal keyboards are
connected to the CPU through the wire.

Wireless Keyboard: The wireless keyboard connected to the computer

without the wire. It works for a limited distance. It is more expensive
than a normal keyboard. The user faces technical complexity in it.

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Ergonomic Keyboard: It gives the user comfort and ease during the
typing; that’s why it is called the “Ergonomic keyboard.” This keyboard
is used to increase the efficiency of the user. It also reduces wrist pain
during typing.

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Mouse
• It is used as a popular pointing device.
• It is used to create images, graphics as well as to click on any button
or menu.
• The mouse has two or three buttons.
Functions of the Mouse
• Clicking
• Double Clicking
• Right Clicking
• Dragging
• Scrolling
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Types of Mouse
There are three type of mouse are as follow:
i. Mechanical Mouse
ii. Optical Mouse
iii. Wireless Mouse

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Mechanical Mouse
This mouse has a rubber ball at the bottom, when we rotate the mouse
on the surface than the rubber ball also rotates inside the shell. Now
the sensors inside the mouse give a signal to the computer.

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Optical Mouse
It is a type of Non-mechanical mouse. A light beam is emitted from the
surface below it. Based on the light beam, the mouse determines the
distance and speed of the object.

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Wireless Mouse
This mouse communicates to the computer with the help of radio-
frequency.
It has two main components:
i. Transmitter - It is used to send the information of the mouse’s
speed and its click in the form of an electromagnetic signal.
ii. Receiver - It connects to the computer and used to receive the
signals sent by the transmitter.

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Light Pen
It is a tool that is light sensitive. It is used to draw pictures and graphics
on the computer screen. It is also used to select the objects.
The pictures made by the light pen can be stored in the computer and
can be improved as needed.

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Scanner
It is an input device. It is used to scan documents such
as photographs. It is used to input any shape or written
data on a page directly into the computer.
Its main advantage is that the user does not have to
type the information.

Advantages: Disadvantages:
• High-Resolution • High Cost
Images • The Need for internet and
• Easy to handle power supply
• Fast image analysis • Difficult to manage large
• Image portability digital files
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Barcode Reader
It is also known as “Price Scanner” or “Point-
of-sale scanner.” A barcode is a particular
type of code. It contains a series of thick and
thin lines, which are called “Bars.” The bar
contains the information.
We can read the barcode through an optical
scanner called “Barcode Reader.” The user
can connect the barcode reader with the
computer through a serial cable.

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Output Devices
It is an electromechanical device, which accepts data from a computer
and translates them into form understand by users.
Following are Output Devices:
• Printers
• Plotters

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Printers
Printer is the most important output device, which is used to print data
on paper.
Types of Printers: There are many types of printers which are classified
on various criteria as shown in fig:

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Impact Printers: The printers that print the characters by striking
against the ribbon and onto the papers are known as Impact
Printers.
These Printers are of two types:
1. Character Printers
2. Line Printers
Non-Impact Printers: The printers that print the characters without
striking against the ribbon and onto the papers are called Non-
Impact Printers. These printers print a complete page at a time,
therefore, also known as Page Printers.
Page Printers are of two types:
1. Laser Printers
2. Inkjet Printers COPYRIGHT © First Code - Let's Begin
Plotters
Plotters are a special type of output device. It is suitable for
applications:
• Architectural plan of the building.
• CAD applications like the design of mechanical components of
aircraft.
• Many engineering applications.

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Advantages of Plotters
• It can produce high-quality output on large sheets.
• It is used to provide the high precision drawing.
• It can produce graphics of various sizes.
• The speed of producing output is high.

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