CHAPTER 1

LITERATURE REVIEW
OF NANO SCIENCE
GV: TS. Trần Thụy Tuyết Mai
Email : [email protected]

P.113B2 – Physical-Chemistry & Analytic Division – CHEM. ENG.

HCMUT-VNU
[email protected] 11
 CONTENTS
1. Literature reviews
2. Size effect
3. Quantum effect

2
[email protected]
 References
[1] Tahir Awan, Almas Bashir, Aqsa Tehseen, 2020. Chemistry of Nanomaterials: Fundamentals and
Applications. Elsevier.
[2] C. N. R. Rao, A. Muller, A. K. Cheetham, 2004. The Chemistry of Nanomaterials: Synthesis,
Properties and Applications. Wiley-VCH.
[3] Anatoliy Petrovych Shpak, Petr Petrovych Gorbyk, 2010. Nanomaterials and Supramolecular:
Structures Physics, Chemistry, and Applications. Springer.
[4] Bharat Bhushan, Dan Luo, Scott R. Schricker, Wolfgang Sigmund, Stefan Zauscher, 2014,
Handbook of Nanomaterials Properties. Springer.
[5] Yury Gogotsi, 2017. Nanomaterials Handbook (2nd ed.). CRC Press.
[6] Rajendra Kumar Goyal, 2018. Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Properties,
Characterization Techniques, and Applications. Taylor & Francis, CRC Press.
[7] S. Noor Mohammad, 2020. Synthesis of Nanomaterials: Mechanisms, Kinetics and Materials
Properties. Springer.
[8] Bhat, A.H., Khan, I., Jawaid, M., Suliman, F.O., Al-Lawati, H., Al-Kindy, S.M., 2019.
Nanomaterials for Healthcare, Energy and Environment. Springer.
[9] C. Bréchignac, P. Houdy, M. Lahmani, 2007. Nanomaterials and Nanochemistry. Springer.
[10] William D. Callister, Jr., David G. Rethwish, 2018. Materials Science and Engineering: An
Introduction (11th ed.). Wiley

[email protected] 3
The comparative size of objects
in millimeter scale

The ant is almost 5 times

smaller than the bumble bee

How much bigger is the

ant than the human hair?

4
 Japan 50 yen

Red blood cells

5
Scale is a relationship

• A scale on a map is a
relationship between the
2.1 cm
physical object and the
feature that represents it
on the map.
 Scale is the
relationship between what
is being compared and how
that relationship is
represented numerically or
visually.

6
 Nanometer & nano-scale

• The prefix ‘nano’ is referred to a Greek prefix meaning ‘dwarf’ or

something very small and depicts one thousand millionth of a meter
(10-9 m).
• A nanometre is a billionth of a metre. Nanoscale can refer to things
less than 100 nanometres in size, or to materials so small that they
behave differently to normal.
• Our fingernails grow about a nanometre every second. That means
they grow 86,400 nanometres in a day, but that’s still too small for us to
notice a difference.

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8
The head of a pin 1,000,000 nm across
We can see these with our
The page of a book 100,000 nm thick eyes unaided
A human hair ~40,000 nm thick
A red blood cell ~7000 nm across
We can see these using a
Bacteria 1000–5,000 nm light microscope

Transistor on latest computer chips

100 nm
(there are up to 100 million of them) We need an electron
DNA molecule 2 nm wide microscope or other device to
Most atoms 0.1–0.2 nm see these
10 hydrogen atoms side by side 1 nm long

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The normal optical microscope:

The optical microscope, often referred to as the

“light optical microscope,” is a type of microscope
that uses visible light and a system of lenses to
magnify images of small samples. Optical
microscopes are the oldest design of microscope
and were possibly designed in their present
compound form in the 17th century

10
The electron microscope
An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam
of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. As the
wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter
than that of visible light photons, electron microscopes have a
higher resolving power than light microscopes and can reveal
the structure of smaller objects. A scanning transmission
electron microscope (STEM) has achieved better than
50 pm resolution in annular dark-field
imaging mode and magnifications of up to about
10,000,000× whereas most light microscopes are limited
by diffraction to about 200 nm resolution and useful
magnifications below 2000×.
Electron microscopes use shaped magnetic fields to
form electron optical lens systems that are analogous to the
glass lenses of an optical light microscope.
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Nanoword
• The term nanoworld is a mixture of two different terms, i.e., nano and
world.
• The nanoworld consists of four different fields, namely nanomaterials,
nanometrology, electronic nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology.
Nanometrology: the scientific study of measurement at the nano-size
Electronic nanotechnology refers to the use
of nanotechnology in electronic components. The term covers a diverse set
of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so
small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties
need to be studied extensively.
Nanobiotechnology is the application of nanotechnology in biological
fields.
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that currently recruits
approach, technology and facility available in conventional as well as
advanced ways of engineering, physics, chemistry and biology.
12
Nanoscience
• Nanoscience is the study of structures
and materials on an ultra-small scale, and
the unique and interesting properties
these materials demonstrate.
Nanoscience is cross-disciplinary,
meaning scientists from a range of fields
including chemistry, physics, biology,
medicine, computing, materials science
and engineering are studying it and using
it to better understand our world.
13
Nanotechnology
• Nanotechnology (also sometimes called molecular manufacturing), is
the design, production and application of structures, devices and
systems at the nanoscale. The purpose of nanotechnology is to
fabricate different types of structures with unique properties due to
their small size. This field includes biosciences, chemistry, physics,
and mechanical engineering.
• So essentially, nanoscience is studying nanomaterials and their
properties and nanotechnology is using those materials and
properties to create something new or different.
=> Nanoscience and nanotechnology have the potential to reshape the
world around us. They could lead to revolutionary breakthroughs in
fields ranging from manufacturing to health care.
14
 Nanoscience is a convergence of
physics, chemistry and biotechnology,
which deal with manipulation of
materials at atomic & molecular scales.
Nanotechnology is the ability to
observe measure, manipulate, assemble
and manufacture matter at the nano-size.

The relation between nanoscience & nanotechnology

15
 History of nanotechnology

• The American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate Richard Feynman

introduce the concept of nanotechnology in 1959. “Why can’t we write the
entire 24 volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica on the head of a pin?”
• In 1986, K. Eric Drexler published the first book on nanotechnology
“Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology”, which
led to the theory of “molecular engineering” becoming more popular.
Drexler described the build-up of complex machines from individual
atoms, which can independently control molecules and atoms and
thereby produces self-assembly nanostructures.
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 History of nanotechnology

In 1991, Drexler, Peterson and

Pergamit published another
book entitled “Unbounding the
Future: the Nanotechnology
Revolution” in which they use
the terms “nanobots” or
“assemblers” for nano
processes in medicine
applications and then the
famous term “nanomedicine”
was used for the first time after The concepts of top-down and bottom-up methods
that. 17
The Lycurgus cup
Nanoparticles and structures have been used by humans in fourth century
AD, by the Roman, which demonstrated one of the most interesting
examples of nanotechnology in the ancient world.

The Lycurgus cup, from the British Museum

collection, represents one of the most outstanding
achievements in ancient glass industry. It is the
oldest famous example of dichroic glass. Dichroic
(two different colors) glass describes two different
types of glass, which change color in certain lighting
conditions.
The glass appears green when light pass through it
from in front. It is red when it is lit from behind. The Lycurgus cup.
The glass appears green in reflected light (A)
and red-purple in transmitted light (B)
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Medieval church windows

Effect of nanoparticles on the colors of the stained glass window

20
• During the 9th–17th centuries, glowing, glittering “luster” ceramic
glazes used in the Islamic world, and later in Europe contained Ag
or copper (Cu) or other nanoparticles.

• In 1857, Michael Faraday studied the preparation and properties of

colloidal suspensions of “Ruby” gold. Their unique optical and
electronic properties make them some of the most interesting
nanoparticles. Faraday demonstrated how gold nanoparticles
produce different-colored solutions under certain lighting
conditions.

21
 Modern Era of Nanotechnology
• In 1981: the physicists Gerd Binnig and Heinrich
Rohrer (German-born) invented a new type of
microscope at IBM Zurich Research Labboratory, the
Scanning Tunneling Microscope. The instrument
uses a sharp tip to move so closed to a conductive
surface to recorded the image at the surface.
• in 1989, Don Eigler of IBM in Almaden and his
colleagues used a STM to manipulate 35 individual
xenon atoms on a nickel surface and formed the
letters of IBM logo.

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 (a
)

Hình 2. Ảnh TEM của các hạt nano vàng trên chất mang h-BN [1]

Hình 3. Ảnh HR-TEM của các nano rod OMS-2 được tổng hợp tại PTN Xúc Tác - ĐHBK -Tp. HCM [2]
26
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 OMS-2S (a) OMS-2R (b)

OMS-2C (c) OMS-2T (d)

Hình 4. Ảnh SEM của nano rod OMS-2 được điều chế từ nhiều phương pháp khác nhau 27
Progresses in Nanotechnology
28
 Classification of nanomaterials
with respect to dimensions

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 Classification of nano materials
with respect to dimensions
• Zero dimensional (0D) nanomaterials: all the dimensions lie
within the nanoscale, but less than 100 nm
(nano clusters included ~ 10 atoms  d ~ 2 nm), nano
particles (> 10 atoms)
• One dimensional (1D) nanomaterials: one dimension is outside
the nanoscale. For example: nanowires (length /diameter ≈ 15
- 1000), nanorods (l/d ≈ 3 - 15) , nano ribbon, nano tube
• Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (nano membrane): two
dimensions are outside the nanoscale. This class exhibits
plate-like shapes and includes graphene, nanofilms,
nanolayers, and nanocoatings.
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 Classification of nano materials
with respect to dimensions
• Three-dimensional nanomaterials: in this type of nanomaterial,
every dimension is out of the nanoscale region, that is, .100 nm.
No dimension of 3D nanomaterials is confined to the nanometer
scale and they are considered to be bulk materials with the
features of nanomaterials. In a bulk material, individual particles
must lie on the nanometer scale, for example, a bunch of
nanowires, nanotubes or nanorods.
• Nanocomposite: A nanocomposite combines two or more
materials – of which at least one is a nanomaterial – with different
physical and chemical properties. Nanocomposite materials are
designed to exhibit properties that exceed, sometimes drastically,
the capabilities of the sum of their constituent parts. 33
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[email protected] 34
 Classification

Nanocluster vs. nano particle

Standard aspect ratios (length (l) divided

by width (d))
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 single-walled nanotube

a multiwalled nanotube

A nanotube is a nanometer-scale tube-like structure, which are also like

nanowires, in terms of aspect ratio; but unlike wires, tubes are hollow.
Nanotubes maybe single-walled or multi-walled.
[email protected] https://www.quora.com/How-can-we-differentiate-between-nanotubes-nanorods-nanowires-and-nanoparticles 36
 Nano membrane of graphene

Scientists at the University of Manchester recently announced research which demonstrates

the effectiveness of graphene oxide for desalination. These filters can reportedly be
produced easily in the lab, and the membrane pore size can be precisely controlled to less
than one nanometer in size. Common salt molecules found in seawater are about one
nanometer in size, so the membrane efficiently strips salt from water molecules while
retaining a high flow rate.
https://www.offgridweb.com/preparation/graphene-nano-membrane-developed-to-filter-seawater/

[email protected] https://www.innovationtoronto.com/2014/04/thinnest-feasible-membrane-produced-nanomembrane-super-material-graphene/ 37
 Biological nanomembranes or cell
membranes are the most complex
group of nanomembranes.
Most of the commercially available nanomembranes consist Nanomembranes are defined as
of either polymer nanofibers, nano pore membranes or freestanding structures with a
polymer nanolayers. These nanomembranes typically have thickness in the range of 1 – 100
pore sizes that range from 1 nanometers to 50 nanometers nm and an extremely large aspect
filtering out almost all the bacteria (70 - 100 nm) and many ratio, of at least a few orders of
harmful substances magnitude

[email protected] https://ninithi.wordpress.com/2015/09/09/5-leading-nanotechnology-water-purification-methods/ 38
 https://www.google.com/search?q=nano+polymer+membrane&rlz=1C1GCEA_enVN825VN825&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X
[email protected] &ved=0ahUKEwj9w6ftl-zfAhXHdd4KHa9ZBiYQ_AUIDigB&biw=1105&bih=539#imgrc=pRzKjGtT7ODpIM: 39
 Nano material and pore system

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 LENGTH SCALE & CALCULATION

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 LENGTH SCALE & CALCULATION

v and l are the volume and edge length of each

small-sized cube, Nc is the number of smaller
cubes, and L is the edge length of large-sized cube.
Thus, the reduction of the size of the cube from 1 to
0.1 µm and 0.01 µm will result in 103 and 106 cubes,
respectively.
[email protected] 49
 The increase in the surface area due to the reduction of the cube size can be
determined from the ratio of the accumulative surface area of all cubes
after the size reduction to the surface area (A) of a cube before size
reduction.
where A and a are the surface area of a cube before and after size reduction,
respectively.

Specific area?

[email protected] 50
 300
Adsorption
270 Desorption

240

210

180
mlN2/g

150

120

90

60

30

0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
P/P0

[email protected] 51
 EXAMPLE 1
• How many cubes with each side of 1 nm can be carved out from a cube
with each side of 1 m? Find the collective surface area of the nanometer-
sized cubes.

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 Size effect on surface atoms of spherical particles
Thus, radii of the particle (RC) = N1/3.ra
and the total number of atoms in the
particles in terms of radii are:

For a spherical-shaped particle, the volume

of a particle = total volume of the atoms The surface area of the particle (Sc) can
having atomic radii of ra, that is, be calculated by using:

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 The fraction of atoms at the surface
is called dispersion (F). In other
words, the ratio of the surface
atoms to total number of atoms
(i.e., F) can be calculated by using:

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 Quantum confinement effect

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 Wave-particle duality (Lưỡng tính sóng hạt)

The concept of wave-particle duality is the interface between classical

and quantum mechanics, according to which, light has two natures
simultaneously, that is, a wave nature and a particle nature.

Classically, it was considered that waves and particles are different

things, but in quantum mechanics, they are interconnected. Particles
carry energy and momentum in localized small mass and waves are the
motion of disturbance that transfers energy.

More info: Wave–particle duality

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 Electromagnetic waves & Energy quanta

In the classical domain, it is thought that

electric and magnetic waves consist of
electric and magnetic fields with specific
wavelengths.

Energy of a photon:
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 De Broglie hypothesis (1923)
It is evident that if v = 0, then λ = , and if v = , then λ = 0, which
shows that waves are associated with each material particle if they are
in motion. Since microscopic particles have a dual nature (wave-
particle duality) and due to their wave nature, the exact location of
these particles cannot be measured, which implies an uncertainty
in the position of these particles.

the de Broglie wavelength of a moving particle,

 = h/p which depends inversely on the square root of the
applied potential to the particle.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnuZx9fZHsU 69
[email protected]
Evidence for the wave nature of electrons 71

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Evidence for the wave nature of electrons 72

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 75

Δx is the uncertainty in the measurement of position.

ΔP is the uncertainty in the measurement of momentum.

 It is impossible to simultaneously determine the momentum and position

of a particle with perfect accuracy. So, there is always a fundamental
uncertainty in the measurement of these physical quantities.

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
 Quantum dots 76

A semiconductor crystal with tunable optical and electronic properties by

controlling its three dimensional size less than 100 nm is called quantum dot
(QD). In general, QDs are atomic clusters or nanocrystallites that consist of
about 102 – 106 atoms having less than 100 free electrons. QDs are classified
into three types based on their electron confinement, that is, planar, vertical, or
self-assembled QDs.

Researchers are taking great interest in the optical and electronic properties
of quantum dots due to their importance in novel applications over the past
two decades. On the other hand, QDs are toxic, which prohibits their use in
medical applications in future. QDs can damage DNA and disturb the normal
activity of cells.
Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
 Semiconductor crystal
Solid-state materials are commonly grouped into three classes:
insulators, semiconductors, and conductors  Any of a class of
crystalline solids intermediate in electrical conductivity between a
conductor and an insulator is semiconductor
Insulators, such as fused quartz and glass, have very low
conductivities, on the order of 10−18 to 10−10 siemens per
centimetre; and conductors, such as aluminum, have high
conductivities, typically from 104 to 106 siemens per centimetre.
The conductivities of semiconductors are between these
extremes and are generally sensitive to temperature, illumination,
magnetic fields, and minute amounts of impurity atoms.
For example, the addition of about 10 atoms of boron (known as
a dopant) per million atoms of silicon can increase its electrical
conductivity a thousandfold

The energy band formed due to the valence orbitals is called valence band and that formed due to the
unoccupied orbitals to which electrons can jump when energised is called the conduction band. The energy
gap between the valence band and the conduction band is called forbidden energy gap. Electrons cannot exist
in the forbidden energy gap
Dr. Nguyen Van Dung, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMUT 77
 Moore’s law 78

Moore’s law is an observational law in which it was predicted that the number density of
transistors would double on integrated circuits (ICs) every year. It was predicted by Gordon
Moore, cofounder of Intel, in 1965, that this growth rate would remain so for at least 10
years.

The new definition of Moore’s law is, the number of micro-components that could be placed
in an integrated circuit or microchip and lowest manufacturing cost was doubling every 18
months which accounts for the improvement in the speed of the computers.

This trend would likely continue accurately into the future for a few decades. Moore’s
second law: It states that the cost of a transistor chip or IC manufacturing factory doubles
every four years.

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Moore’s law 79

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Moore’s law 80

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
 Quantum tunneling 81

Tunneling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon by which small particles like

electrons can pass through a barrier of some potential without sufficient energy,
which they classically would not be able to do because they do not have sufficient
energy.

Tunneling plays an essential role in modern physical, chemical, and biological

phenomena like the effect of large kinetic isotopes in chemicals reactions,
radioactive decay, superconductor devices, and semiconductor devices.

More info: Quantum tunnelling

Tunnel diode

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Quantum tunneling 82

Quantum tunnelling, also known as tunneling is

a quantum mechanical phenomenon whereby
a wavefunction can propagate through a potential barrier.
The transmission through the barrier can be finite and
depends exponentially on the barrier height and barrier
width. The wavefunction may disappear on one side and
reappear on the other side. The wavefunction and its
first derivative are continuous. In steady-state, the
probability flux in the forward direction is spatially uniform.
No particle or wave is lost. Tunneling occurs with
barriers of thickness around 1–3 nm and smaller.

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Quantum tunneling 83

Classically, it is easy to understand that particles

with less kinetic energy than the potential energy of
an object at the height of a mountain cannot go
through the mountain. But according to quantum
mechanics, the probability of the existence or
transmission of particles of the incident beam is not
zero on the other side of the barrier.

https://www.quantamagazine.org/qua
ntum-tunnel-shows-particles-can-
break-the-speed-of-light-20201020/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvSlaIwUCuk Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Quantum tunneling 84

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Quantum tunneling 85

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
INTERFACES AND SURFACES 88

 An interface is the thin border between two localized phases of matter. This thin
boundary is called an interface for any physical state of mater.

 Specifically, when this interface exists between any condensed state and a gas
or vacuum then it is called a surface. Interface is a more general term that can
be used rather than surface.
Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
INTERFACES AND SURFACES 89

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
INTERFACES AND SURFACES 90

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Surface physics and chemistry 91

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Surface modification 92

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Surface scratching/roughening (cào/làm nhám) 93

Surface can be altered using plasma deposition, chemical-based etching.

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Surface scratching/roughening (cào/làm nhám) 94

More info: Link

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Surface patterning (tạo kiểu mẫu) 95

More info:
doi.org/10.3390/polym13030445 PDF
doi.org/10.3390/nano11082079 PDF
Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Chemical surface modification (Biến tính hóa học) 96

 Plasma vapor deposition (PVD): Lắng động pha hơi plasma

 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD): Lắng đọng pha hơi hóa học

 Grafting: Ghép (bằng quang năng hay hóa học)

 Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs): Tự ghép

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Chemical surface modification (Biến tính hóa học) 97

More infor: DOI:10.3389/fmats.2020.00039 (PDF)

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Chemical surface modification (Biến tính hóa học) 98

More info: 10.3390/polym10050527

(PDF)

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
Self-assembled monolayers 99

 Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of organic molecules are

molecular assemblies formed spontaneously on surfaces by
adsorption and are organized into more or less large ordered
domains. More info: Link

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
 10
Self-assembly 0

More info: Link PDF

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
 10
Self-assembly 1

More info: Link

PDF1 PDF2

Dr.
Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT
 10
Thin-film deposition 2

The process of adding an exceptionally thin layer ranging from

5 nm to 100 μm in thickness on a substrate surface is known as
thin-film deposition.

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Thin-film deposition 3

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Physical vapor deposition 4

 Solar panels with thin films

for energy production

 Aluminized PET films for

food packaging

 Cutting tools coated with

titanium nitride

 More info: PVD

Coatings on glass: PDF

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Chemical vapor deposition 5

More info: CVD CNT PDF

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Dr.Nguyen
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VanDung,
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 10
Electroplating (Mạ điện) 6

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Dr.Nguyen
NguyenVan
VanDung,
Dung,Faculty
FacultyofofChemical
ChemicalEngineering,
Engineering,HCMUT
HCMUT