Australian Mathematics

Competition
2022 Questions and Solutions

A KEPERT & M CLAPPER

 Published by

AM T PU BLISHIN G

Australian Maths Trust

170 Haydon Drive, Bruce ACT 2617
AUSTRALIA
Telephone: +61 2 6201 5136
www.amt.edu.au

Copyright © 2022 Australian Mathematics Trust

AMTT Limited ACN 083 950 341

Australian Mathematics Competition Solutions ISSN 2652-7235

Contents

About the Australian Mathematics Competition������������������������������������������������ iv

Middle Primary Questions�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1

Upper Primary Questions��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8

Junior Questions�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15

Intermediate Questions���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21

Senior Questions�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 27

Middle Primary Solutions�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 33

Upper Primary Solutions��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 40

Junior Solutions��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 46

Intermediate Solutions������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 55

Senior Solutions��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 64

Answer Key���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 74

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iv 2022 AMC

About the Australian Mathematics Competition

The Australian Mathematics Competition (AMC) was introduced in Australia in

1978 as the first Australia-wide mathematics competition for students. Since then
it has served thousands of Australian secondary and primary schools, providing
feedback and enrichment to schools and students. A truly international event, there
are entries from more than 30 countries across Asia, the Pacific, Europe, Africa and
the Middle East. As of 2022, the AMC has attracted more than 15.5 million entries.
The AMC is for students of all standards. Students are asked to solve 30 problems
in 60 minutes (Years 3–6) or 75 minutes (Years 7–12). The earliest problems are very
easy. All students should be able to attempt them. The problems get progressively
more difficult until the end, when they are challenging to the most gifted student.
Students of all standards will make progress and find a point of challenge.
The AMC is a fun competition with many of the problems set in situations familiar
to students and showing the relevance of mathematics in their everyday lives. The
problems are also designed to stimulate discussion and can be used by teachers
and students as springboards for investigation.
There are five papers: Middle Primary (Years 3–4), Upper Primary (Years 5–6),
Junior (Years 7–8), Intermediate (Years 9–10) and Senior (Years 11–12). Questions
1–10 are worth 3 marks each, questions 11–20 are worth 4 marks, questions 21–25
are worth 5 marks, while questions 26–30 are valued at 6–10 marks, for a total of
135 marks.

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2022 AMC Middle Primary Questions1

Middle Primary
Questions Questions
– Middle Primary Division
1. How many dots are in this pattern?
(A) 20 (B) 21 (C) 22
(D) 23 (E) 24

2. What number is one hundred more than 465?

(A) 365 (B) 455 (C) 475 (D) 565 (E) 1465

3. What fraction of this rectangle is shaded?

1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
2 4 6 8 10

4. There were 17 dogs and 9 ran away.

How many dogs were left?
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 12
(D) 26 (E) 27

5. John is playing a board game.

He moves his blue piece one square up then three
squares left.
Which piece does he land on?
(A) (B) (C)

(D) (E)

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2 2022 AMC Middle Primary Questions

6. Which shape is not used in this snowman picture?

(A) circle (B) oval (C) triangle
(D) square (E) rectangle

7. Eve starts at 20 and counts up by twos: 20, 22, 24 and so on. What is the tenth number
she counts?
(A) 30 (B) 32 (C) 34 (D) 36 (E) 38

8. This graph was made by a Year 3 class. Favourite day of the week
How many students chose either Satur- 5
day or Sunday as their favourite day? 4
Number of
students
(A) 5 (B) 8 (C) 10 3
(D) 12 (E) 20 2
1
0
Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun
Day

9. I went for a bike ride this morning.

11 12 1 11 12 1
These clocks show my start and finish times. 10 2 10 2
In minutes, how long was my ride? 9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4
(A) 9 (B) 13 (C) 47 7 6 5 7 6 5
(D) 52 (E) 62 Start Finish

10. Edie and Louie are standing in a line with other children. Edie is fourth from the front
and Louie is fourth from the back of the line. There are 15 children in the line. How many
children are between Edie and Louie?
(A) 7 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 11 (E) 12

11. There are 49 ten-cent coins in my pink piggy bank and

25 twenty-cent coins in my blue piggy bank.
How much money do I have altogether?
(A) $7.40 (B) $9.90 (C) $12.30
(D) $14.80 (E) $990

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2022 AMC Middle Primary Questions3

12. How many more small cubes are needed to complete

this large cube?
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 9
(D) 12 (E) 20

13. Ms Amali brings 100 stickers to share equally among her class of 23 students.
How many stickers will she have left over?
(A) 3 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 17 (E) 21

14. This card is flipped over its right-hand edge and then flipped
again over its bottom edge.
What does the card look like now?
(A) (B) (C)

(D) (E)

15. Chris wants to use the same number in both boxes to make this number sentence true.
What number should she use?

7+  = 11 − 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

16. Sally says to her brother, ‘You are 10 years older than me’. Her brother says, ‘You are
right, and I am three times your age’. How old is Sally?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8

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4 2022 AMC Middle Primary Questions

17. How many of the small coloured tiles are needed

to cover the large cross shape shown?
(A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 20
(D) 36 (E) 40
tile

18. Siobhan has seven cards, numbered 1 to 7.

She places six of them correctly in the three number sentences.
Which card does she have left over?

1 2 × = 12

3 4 5 + = 11

6 7 − =1

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5 (E) 7

19. A long rectangular room 10 m long and 2 m wide has mirrors on all four walls. Any beam
of light hitting these mirrors bounces back at the same angle as shown below.
A guard standing at one end of the room shines a torch at an angle of 45◦ to the walls,
making a narrow beam that bounces off the mirrors several times, stopping when it returns
to her.
How many times does the beam of light bounce off the mirrors?

(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11 (E) 22

20. A can filled with 30 marbles weighs 115 g. The same can with 20 marbles weighs 85 g.
How much does the empty can weigh?
(A) 10 g (B) 20 g (C) 25 g (D) 30 g (E) 55 g

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2022 AMC Middle Primary Questions5

21. Peter wants to buy a length of ribbon to wrap around

1. 2. 3.
a box as shown.
The box is 20 cm long, 20 cm wide and 20 cm high. It
takes an extra 80 cm of ribbon to tie the bow.
What is the best estimate of the amount of ribbon
that Peter needs to buy to tie around the box?
4. 5. 6.

(A) 160 cm (B) 180 cm (C) 240 cm (D) 280 cm (E) 320 cm

22. In week 1, Hamish and Eliza open bank accounts for their savings. Hamish saves $12 every
two weeks, starting in week 1. Eliza saves $32 in week 1 and then $4 every week after that.
When will they first have the same amount of money in the bank?
(A) week 3 (B) week 5 (C) week 7 (D) week 9 (E) week 11

23. A different whole number is placed in each corner of a

square. Two numbers joined by an edge must have a differ-
ence of more than 1.
When the four numbers are added together, what is the
smallest possible total?
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12
(D) 13 (E) 14

24. Three whole numbers add to 21. When these same three numbers are multiplied together
they equal 280. What is the smallest of these three numbers?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 7 (E) 10

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6 2022 AMC Middle Primary Questions

25. Steven made this cube from a paper net, then pushed a pin
through it as shown.
He then removed the pin, leaving holes in the cube, and
unfolded the cube back to its net.
Which of the following could be the net of Steven’s cube?

(A) (B) (C)

(D) (E)

26. I notice that my electricity meter currently reads 896 754 units,
where all the digits are different. How many more units of elec- 8 9 6 7 5 4
tricity will I need to use before all the digits are again different?

27. How many whole numbers between 200 and 500 contain the digit 3?

28. On a digital display, a combination of bars light up to represent each digit as shown:

In some special numbers, the number of bars which light up in the digits is the same as
the sum of the digits. For example, in 373 the number of bars is 5 + 3 + 5 = 13 which is
the equal to 3 + 7 + 3 = 13. What is the largest such three-digit number?

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2022 AMC Middle Primary Questions7

29. Nguyen writes down some numbers according to the following rules.
Starting with the number 1, he doubles the number and adds 4, so the second number he
writes is 6.
He now repeats this process, starting with the last number written, doubling and then
adding 4, but he doesn’t write the hundreds digit if the number is bigger than 100.
What is the 2022nd number that Nguyen writes down?

30. I choose three different numbers out of this list and add them together:

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, . . . , 105

How many different totals can I get?

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8 2022 AMC Upper Primary Questions

Upper Primary Questions

Questions – Upper Primary Division
1. What number is two hundred and five thousand, one hundred and fifty?
(A) 150 (B) 205 (C) 20 150 (D) 25 150 (E) 205 150

2. What fraction of this picture is shaded?

1 2 3 4 5
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
2 3 4 9 9

3. 2220 − 2022 =
(A) 18 (B) 188 (C) 198 (D) 200 (E) 202

4. Audrey wrote these three numbers in order from smallest to largest:

1.03 0.08 0.4

In which order did she write them?

(A) 0.08, 1.03, 0.4 (B) 0.08, 0.4, 1.03 (C) 0.4, 0.08, 1.03
(D) 0.4, 1.03, .008 (E) 1.03, 0.4, 0.08

5. I was 7 years old when my brother turned 3. How old will I be when he turns 7?
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 12 (E) 13

6. This shape is built from 29 squares, each 1 cm × 1 cm.

What is its perimeter in centimetres?
(A) 52 (B) 58 (C) 60
(D) 68 (E) 72

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2022 AMC Upper Primary Questions9

7. A tachometer indicates how fast the crankshaft in a

car’s engine is spinning, in thousands of revolutions 4
per minute (rpm).
3 5
What is the reading on the tachometer shown?
2 6
(A) 2.2 rpm (B) 2.4 rpm
(C) 240 rpm (D) 2200 rpm
(E) 2400 rpm 1 x 1000 rpm 7

0 8

8. Joseph had a full, one litre bottle of water. He drank 320 millilitres of it. How much was
left?
(A) 660 mL (B) 670 mL (C) 680 mL (D) 730 mL (E) 780 mL

9. Which of these rectangles have an area of 24 square centimetres?

P 2 cm Q 3 cm
12 cm
8 cm

R 4 cm
S 1 cm
6 cm 24 cm

(A) Q only (B) Q and R only (C) R only

(D) S only (E) P, Q, R and S

10. This table shows Jai’s morning routine. Activity Time taken
If he needs to be at school by 8:55 am what is the latest Shower 15 minutes
time he can start his shower? Get dressed 10 minutes
Have breakfast 20 minutes
(A) 7:35 am (B) 7:50 am (C) 8:05 am
Brush teeth 5 minutes
(D) 8:20 am (E) 8:35 am Walk to school 30 minutes

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10 2022 AMC Upper Primary Questions

11. Which spinner is twice as likely to land on red as white?

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

12. Starting at 0 on the number line, Clement walks back and forth in the following pattern:
3 to the right, 2 to the left, 3 to the right, 2 to the left, and so on.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

How many times does he walk past the position represented by 4 12 ?

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

13. Three digits are missing from this sum. 4

Toby worked out the missing numbers and added them 3 4
together. + 9 1
What was his answer? 1 0 0 1
(A) 11 (B) 13 (C) 15 (D) 17 (E) 19

14. I have three cardboard shapes: a square, a circle and a triangle. I

glue them on top of each other as shown in this diagram.
I then flip the glued-together shapes over. What could they look
like?
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

15. What is the missing number needed to make this number sentence true?

270 ÷ 45 = ÷ 15

(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 60 (D) 90 (E) 150

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2022 AMC Upper Primary Questions11

16. Three different squares are arranged as shown. The

perimeter of the largest square is 32 centimetres. The
area of the smallest square is 9 square centimetres.
What is the perimeter of the medium-sized square?

(A) 12 cm (B) 14 cm (C) 20 cm (D) 24 cm (E) 30 cm

17. Huang has a bag of marbles. Mei takes out one-third of them. Huang then takes out
one-half of those left, leaving 8 marbles in the bag.
How many marbles were originally in the bag?
(A) 12 (B) 16 (C) 18 (D) 24 (E) 36

18. A different positive whole number is placed at each vertex

of a cube.
No two numbers joined by an edge of the cube can have a
difference of 1.
What is the smallest possible sum of the eight numbers?
(A) 36 (B) 37 (C) 38
(D) 39 (E) 40

19. George is 78 this year. He has three grandchildren: Michaela, Tom and Lucy. Michaela
is 27, Tom is 23 and Lucy is 16. After how many years will George’s age be equal to the
sum of his grandchildren’s ages?
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 10 (E) 12

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12 2022 AMC Upper Primary Questions

20. Ms Graham asked each student in her Year 5 Number of TVs students have
class how many television sets they each have. 10
9

Number of students
This graph shows the results. 8
How many television sets do the students have 7
altogether? 6
5
(A) 9 (B) 29 (C) 91 4
(D) 99 (E) 101 3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of TVs

21. In a mathematics competition, 70 boys and 80 girls competed.

Prizes were won by 6 boys and 15% of the girls.
What percentage of the students were prize winners?
(A) 10% (B) 12% (C) 15% (D) 18% (E) 20%

22. Ariel writes the letters of the alphabet on a piece of paper ABCDEFGHI
JKLMNOPQ
as shown.
She turns the page upside down and looks at it in her

RSTUVWXYZ
bathroom mirror.
How many of the letters appear unchanged when viewed
this way?

(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 9

23. The Australian Mathematical College (AMC) has 1000 students. Each student takes 6
classes a day. Each teacher teaches 5 classes per day with 25 students in each class.
How many teachers are there at the AMC?
(A) 40 (B) 48 (C) 50 (D) 200 (E) 240

24. This list

pqrs, pqsr, prqs, prsq, . . .
can be continued to include all 24 possible arrangements of the four letters p, q, r and s.
The arrangements are listed in alphabetical order.
Which one of the following is 19th in this list?
(A) spqr (B) srpq (C) qpsr (D) qrps (E) rpsq

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2022 AMC Upper Primary Questions13

25. In this puzzle, each circle should contain an integer. Each

7
of the five lines of four circles should add to 40.
When the puzzle is completed, what is the largest number
used? 8 15
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 17
(D) 18 (E) 19

2 9

26. Nguyen writes down some numbers according to the following rules.
Starting with the number 1, he doubles the number and adds 4, so the second number he
writes is 6.
He now repeats this process, starting with the last number written, doubling and then
adding 4, but he doesn’t write the hundreds digit if the number is bigger than 100.
What is the 2022nd number that Nguyen writes down?

27. Karen’s mother made a cake for her birthday. After it was iced on the top and the 4
vertical faces, it was a cube with 20 cm sides. Darren was asked to decorate the cake with
chocolate drops.
He arranged them all over the icing in a square
grid pattern, spaced with centres 2 cm apart.
Those near the edges of the cube had centres
2 cm from the edge.
The diagram shows one corner of the cake.
How many chocolate drops did Darren use to
decorate Karen’s cake?

28. I choose three different numbers out of this list and add them together:

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, . . . , 105

How many different totals can I get?

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14 2022 AMC Upper Primary Questions

29. The athletics clubs of Albury and Wodonga agree to send a combined team to the regional
championships. They have 11 sprinters on the combined team, 5 from Albury and 6 from
Wodonga.
For the 4 × 100 metre relay, they agree to have a relay team with two sprinters from the
Albury club and two sprinters from the Wodonga club.
How many relay teams are possible?

30. The following is a net of a rectangular prism with some dimensions, in centimetres, given.

12

10

32
What is the volume of the rectangular prism in cubic centimetres?

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2022 AMC Junior Questions15

Junior Questions
Questions – Junior Division
1. What is the perimeter of this rhombus? 9 cm
(A) 20 cm (B) 24 cm (C) 28 cm
(D) 32 cm (E) 36 cm 9 cm

2. The temperature in the mountains was 4 ◦ C but dropped overnight by 7 ◦ C.

What was the temperature in the morning?
(A) 3 ◦ C (B) 11 ◦ C (C) −3 ◦ C (D) −4 ◦ C (E) −11 ◦ C

3. What is the value of 20 × 22?

(A) 42 (B) 440 (C) 2022 (D) 2220 (E) 4400

4. Which spinner is twice as likely to land on red as white?

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

5. Russell’s tuba lesson started at 4:28 pm and finished at 5:05 pm.

How long was the lesson?
(A) 23 minutes (B) 27 minutes (C) 33 minutes (D) 37 minutes (E) 43 minutes

6. What fraction of the square is shaded? 2

1 1 2
(A) (B) (C)
3 4 5
1 3 2 2
(D) (E)
2 8

7. What is the value of 103 − 112 ?

(A) 8 (B) 22 (C) 279 (D) 779 (E) 879

8. Which one of these fractions lies between 4 and 5 on the number line?
7 15 16 17 18
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
2 4 5 4 5

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16 2022 AMC Junior Questions

9. In the triangle P QR shown, P Q = P R and ∠QP R = 48◦ . What P

is ∠P QR?
(A) 60◦ (B) 66◦ (C) 72◦ 48◦
(D) 78◦ (E) 84◦
Q R

10. What is the time and day one-quarter of a week after midday on Sunday?
(A) 6 am Tuesday (B) 9 pm Tuesday (C) midday Monday
(D) 3 am Wednesday (E) 6 pm Monday

11. These three coins have a number on each side.

The two numbers on each coin multiply to 60.
What is the sum of the three hidden numbers? 30 5 4
(A) 17 (B) 21 (C) 29 (D) 31 (E) 39

12. Three different squares are arranged as shown.

The perimeter of the largest square is 36 cm.
The area of the smallest square is 9 cm2 .
What is the perimeter of the medium-sized square?
(A) 12 cm (B) 18 cm (C) 24 cm
(D) 30 cm (E) 32 cm

13. Australia uses 160 million litres of petrol each day.

There is enough petrol stored to last 60 days.
How much more petrol does Australia need to buy to have enough stored for 90 days?
(A) 4 million litres (B) 4.8 million litres (C) 480 million litres
(D) 160 million litres (E) 4800 million litres

14. A number of students were asked about their favourite drink:

juice, milk or water. This pie chart shows their answers. Milk
Eighty students chose milk. Juice
60◦
How many students chose juice?
(A) 80 (B) 100 (C) 120
(D) 160 (E) 480 Water

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2022 AMC Junior Questions17

15. How many of these numbers are divisible by 3?

1, 12, 123, 1234, 12345, 123456, 1234567, 12345678, 123456789

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 7

16. Standard dice have 1 and 6 opposite, 2 and 5 opposite and 3 and
4 opposite. I can position any dice to be able to see 1, 2 or 3
sides.
What is the smallest number of dice I can arrange to see exactly
100 dots at once?
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 10 (E) 17


17. This logo is reflected in the vertical axis  shown, rotated clock-
wise by 90◦ , then reflected in the vertical axis  again.
What does it look like after these three steps?

(A) (B) (C)

(D) (E)

18. In this grid, the puzzle is to fill each square with either × or
◦ following two rules. Firstly, in each row and column there
◦
must be three of each symbol. Secondly, there can’t be three ×
consecutive squares with the same symbol in any row or col- ◦ ◦
umn.
When this puzzle is solved, what is the arrangement of symbols
× ×
in the three shaded squares in the lower left? × × ◦
(A) × ◦ × (B) ◦ × ◦ (C) × × ◦
(D) ◦ × × (E) ◦ ◦ ×

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18 2022 AMC Junior Questions

19. Ash, Sash and Tash like to collect and swap monster trading
cards. They meet to trade some cards with each other. Ash
trades 11 cards, Sash trades 8 and Tash trades 15.
Each card is swapped exactly once with another card be-
longing to another person. Everyone ends up with the same 
 ed
Y T H AGOR Type: Angl: 12
P
number of cards that they started with. Regio
uclid
n: E
ea

h: 30
efen
Attac
se
k: 25
bonu
D
s: +4
Healt etry
Geom ear
How many cards does Sash swap with Tash? ia l mo
—o—
ves:
poin
n n
t, bis
ot be
ect, sh
deplo
yed

Sp ec
os ca spaces
comb n
Note: -Euclidea
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 7 in N
on

20. Within the square P QRS, lines are drawn from each corner P Q
to the middle of the opposite sides as shown. What fraction
of P QRS is shaded?
1 1 3
(A) (B) (C)
4 3 8
1 2
(D) (E)
2 3
S R

21. The first number in a list is 2. After that, each number is calculated by adding the digits
of the previous number together and squaring the result. What is the 2022nd number in
the list?
(A) 49 (B) 169 (C) 256 (D) 529 (E) 1024

22. On a large grid, rows and columns are numbered as shown.

All squares in row 1 are shaded. Every second square in row 2 is shaded. Every third
square in row 3 is shaded, and so on.
As a result each column has certain squares shaded. For instance, the shaded squares in
column 6 are the three squares shown and one more in row 6.
In column 105, how many squares are shaded?

..
.
4
3
2
1
···
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 12 (E) 35

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2022 AMC Junior Questions19

23. Usually Andrew walks home from school in 24 minutes. Last Monday, he walked for the
first 15 minutes but then it started to rain, so he ran the rest of the way home. His running
speed is 1.5 times his usual walking speed. How many minutes did it take him to get from
school to home?
(A) 18 (B) 20 (C) 21 (D) 22 (E) 23

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
24. The single-digit unit fractions are , , , , , , and .
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
How many pairs of these fractions are there where the first fraction minus the second
1
fraction is bigger than .
10
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20 (E) 25

25. In the grid shown, the numbers 1 to 6 are placed so that when
joined in ascending order they make a trail. The trail moves from 2 3 6
one square to an adjacent square but does not move diagonally. In
how many ways can the numbers 1 to 6 be placed in the grid to 1 4 5
give such a trail?
(A) 16 (B) 20 (C) 24 (D) 28 (E) 36

26. In the sum shown, the symbols ♦, ♥ and  represent three different ♦♥
digits. What is the three-digit number represented by ♦ ♥  ?
+♦♥
♥♥♦

27. The digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 are separated into two groups of 4 each. Each group is
formed into a four-digit number and the two numbers are added. Finally, the digits in this
sum are added together.
An example of this is 3541 + 7628 = 11169, with digit sum 1 + 1 + 1 + 6 + 9 = 18.
What is the difference between the largest possible and smallest possible digit sums?

28. A surf club consists of three types of members: trainees, paddlers and legends. There are
20 trainees, which is less than half the membership. There are twice as many legends as
paddlers.
After a surf rescue they received a $1000 donation to be divided among the members. All
the donation was shared and every member received a whole number of dollars, at least
$2.
Each paddler received 6 times as much as each trainee. Each legend received $5 more than
each paddler.
How many members are in the surf club?

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20 2022 AMC Junior Questions

29. Horton has a regular hexagon of area 60. For each choice of three
vertices of the hexagon, he writes down the area of the triangle
with these three vertices.
What is the sum of the 20 areas that Horton writes down?

30. In how many ways can 100 be written as the sum of three different positive integers?
Note that we do not consider sums formed by reordering the terms to be different, so that
34 + 5 + 61 and 61 + 34 + 5 are treated as the same sum.

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2022 AMC Intermediate Questions21

Intermediate Questions
Questions – Intermediate Division
1. 2220 − 2022 =
(A) 18 (B) 188 (C) 198 (D) 200 (E) 202

2. This shape is built from 29 squares, each 1 cm × 1 cm.

What is its perimeter in centimetres?
(A) 52 (B) 58 (C) 60
(D) 68 (E) 72

3. A digital clock shows the time as 20:22.

In how many minutes will it be midnight?
(A) 158 (B) 218 (C) 258 (D) 278 (E) 378

1 2 + 22
4. The value of is
3 2 + 42
1 3 9
(A) (B) (C) (D) 4 (E) 5
5 7 49

5. In the triangle P QR shown, P Q = P R and ∠QP R = 48◦ . What P

is ∠P QR?
(A) 60◦ (B) 66◦ (C) 72◦ 48◦
(D) 78◦ (E) 84◦
Q R

6. What fraction of this rectangle is shaded? 8

1 5 5
(A) (B) (C)
2 8 6 7
2 7
(D) (E)
3 12
12

7. (0.4)2 + (0.1)2 =
(A) 0.25 (B) 1.7 (C) 0.17 (D) 1 (E) 0.26

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22 2022 AMC Intermediate Questions

8. Australia uses 160 million litres of petrol each day.

There is enough petrol stored to last 60 days.
How much more petrol does Australia need to buy to have enough stored for 90 days?
(A) 4 million litres (B) 4.8 million litres (C) 480 million litres
(D) 160 million litres (E) 4800 million litres

2022 2022
9. − =
2 3
(A) 337 (B) 674 (C) 2022 (D) −2022 (E) −674

10. Which algebraic term should replace  in the equation below?

 +  +  = 27x3 y 6

(A) 3xy 2 (B) 3x3 y 6 (C) 9xy 2 (D) 9x3 y 6 (E) 27xy 2

11. Three vertices of a rectangle are the points (1, 4), (7, 4)
and (1, 8). At which point do the diagonals of the rect-
angle cross?
(A) (4, 6) (B) (3, 2) (C) (3, 1)
(D) (5, 6) (E) (7, 8)

12. What value should be placed in the box to satisfy the equation?

5 1
=1+ 1
3 1+

(A) 1 (B) 1 12 (C) 2 (D) 2 12 (E) 3

13. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. What is the size of the largest angle in
degrees?
(A) 40 (B) 45 (C) 72 (D) 80 (E) 90

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2022 AMC Intermediate Questions23

14. In this puzzle, each circle should contain an integer. Each

7
of the five lines of four circles should add to 40.
When the puzzle is completed, what is the largest number
used? 8 15
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 17
(D) 18 (E) 19

2 9

15. Daniel and Luke arrange to meet at a cafe. Luke leaves work, walking at 6 km/h. Five
minutes later, Daniel starts cycling from his flat at 20 km/h. A further 15 minutes later,
both arrive at the cafe at the same time.
What is the total distance they travelled?
(A) 5.5 km (B) 6 km (C) 6.5 km (D) 7 km (E) 7.5 km

16. My family of 7 adults and 5 children gather each year to celebrate Chinese Mid-Autumn
festival. Each adult gives one gift to everyone else. Each child gives one gift to every other
child. How many gifts are given?
(A) 78 (B) 85 (C) 97 (D) 102 (E) 109

17. This spinner is spun twice to form a two-digit number using the
following rules:
1 2
• The first value spun forms the tens digit of a number.
• If the second value rolled is larger than the first, it becomes
the units digit of a number. 4 3
• If the second value spun is not larger than the first, the tens
digit is repeated as the units digit.

What is the probability that the resulting two-digit number is

divisible by 11?
1 3 1 5 9
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
4 8 2 8 16

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24 2022 AMC Intermediate Questions

18. Eight overlapping unit squares are drawn to produce a

flower shape as shown. The parts where two squares
overlap are isosceles triangles.
What is the total shaded area?
(A) 5 (B) 5 12 (C) 6
(D) 6 12 (E) 7

19. Rick and Nic started learning guitar recently.

Two weeks ago, Rick had been learning five times as long as Nic.
Two days ago, Rick had been learning twice as long as Nic.
Today, what is the number of days that Rick has been learning plus the number of days
that Nic has been learning?
(A) 25 (B) 37 (C) 46 (D) 52 (E) 68

20. Over the last 20 years, the standard ratio of television screens has changed from 4 : 3 to
16 : 9. When the ratio of content doesn’t match the ratio of the screen it is being viewed
on, black bars are often used to compensate, as illustrated.

4 : 3 image on a 16 : 9 screen 16 : 9 image on a 4 : 3 screen

If  is the fraction of the screen blacked out in the left diagram, and r is the fraction of
the screen blacked out in the right diagram, then the ratio  : r equals
(A) 3 : 4 (B) 8 : 9 (C) 1 : 1 (D) 9 : 8 (E) 4 : 3

21. A triangular ramp is in the shape of a right-angled tetrahe-

dron. The horizontal base is an equilateral triangle with sides 1
8 metres. The apex is 1 metre directly above one corner of the |
base, so that two faces are vertical.
In square metres, what is the area of the sloping face? 8
|

√ 65 √
(A) 16 3 (B) 28 (C) 3
4
√
(D) 4 33 (E) 32

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2022 AMC Intermediate Questions25

22. What is the value of the following expression when n = 2022?


3 (1 × 2 × 4) + (2 × 4 × 8) + · · · + (n × 2n × 4n)
(1 × 3 × 9) + (2 × 6 × 18) + · · · + (n × 3n × 9n)

1 2 3 4 5
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
2 3 4 5 6

23. Lisa has a mixture of water and milk in a drum in the ratio 5 : 7. She accidentally spills
9 L of this mixture.
She then fills the drum with 9 L of water. This makes the water to milk ratio 9 : 7.
How many litres of milk were in the drum originally?
(A) 20 (B) 21 (C) 24 (D) 36 (E) 40

24. Given that the highest common factor of p and q is t, and q = rt, then the lowest common
multiple of p and q will always be equal to
(A) pq (B) qr (C) rt (D) pr (E) pt

25. A positive number is written in each cell of the 3 × 3 table. In each

row and in each column, the product of the numbers is equal to 1.
In each 2×2 square, the product of the numbers is equal to 2. What ?
is the number in the central cell?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 16

26. In the sum below, a, b and c are nonzero digits.

1 c a b
+ a b c
2 0 2 2

What is the three-digit number abc in the second line of the sum?

27. When these numbers are multiplied, what is the sum of all digits in the answer?

171 × 66 . . . 6
  
111 sixes

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26 2022 AMC Intermediate Questions

28. In how many ways can 100 be written as the sum of three different positive integers?
Note that we do not consider sums formed by reordering the terms to be different, so that
34 + 5 + 61 and 61 + 34 + 5 are treated as the same sum.

29. What is the largest number of distinct elements that you can choose from the set
{1, 2, 3, 4, . . . , 1000} such that no three of them are the side lengths of a triangle?
For example the selection could include 20, 22 and 42, since there is no triangle with
sides 20, 22 and 42.

30. Students sit at their desks in three rows of eight. Bryn

Felix, the class pet, must be passed to each stu-
dent exactly once, starting with Alex in one cor-
ner and finishing with Bryn in the opposite cor-
ner. Each student can pass only to the immedi-
ate neighbour left, right, in front or behind. One Alex
possible path is shown.
How many different paths can Felix take from
Alex to Bryn?

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2022 AMC Senior Questions27

Senior Questions
Questions – Senior Division
1. The temperature in the mountains was 4 ◦ C but dropped overnight by 7 ◦ C.
What was the temperature in the morning?
(A) 3 ◦ C (B) 11 ◦ C (C) −3 ◦ C (D) −4 ◦ C (E) −11 ◦ C

2. The rectangle shown has area 135.

What is the value of h in the diagram?
Area = 135 h
(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 11
(D) 13 (E) 15 15

3. The value of 51 + 42 + 33 + 24 + 15 is
(A) 20 (B) 30 (C) 35 (D) 50 (E) 65

1 1
4. − =
20 22
1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) − (D) − (E)
2 42 440 44 220

5. Three vertices of a rectangle are the points (1, 4), (7, 4)

and (1, 8). At which point do the diagonals of the rect-
angle cross?
(A) (4, 6) (B) (3, 2) (C) (3, 1)
(D) (5, 6) (E) (7, 8)

6. What fraction of this trapezium is shaded? 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 4
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
2 3 4 5 15

2 1 2

7. The
√ sum of the numbers on these six cards is
4 5. Lily removes one of them. √ √ √
2 7 5 3 5
What is the largest possible sum of the re-
maining five cards?
√ √ √ √
(A) 4 5 + 3 7 (B) 4 5 + 7 7
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
(C) 4 5 − 2 7 (D) 4 5 − 5 7 −4 7 −3 7 5 7
√ √
(E) 4 5 + 4 7

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28 2022 AMC Senior Questions

8. In this diagram, what is the value of x?

(A) 65 (B) 70 (C) 75
(D) 80 (E) 85 x◦

x◦ 140◦ 40◦

9. The smaller of these dice has three zeroes and three ones on its faces and

3
the larger has the numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 on its faces.
Both dice are rolled once and the numbers showing on top are added.
11

7
What is the probability of obtaining a sum of 12? 1
1 1 1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) (E)

0
6 9 12 36 1

− 12 − 14
10. The value of 24 + 17 is closest to
(A) 0.2 (B) 0.5 (C) 0.7 (D) 1 (E) 1.2

11. The operation  is defined by p  q = 2p − q. Each of p and q is an integer from −6 to

+6. How many pairs of values (p, q) will have p  q = q  p?
(A) 6 (B) 13 (C) 36 (D) 49 (E) 169

12. In the diagram, the lengths of the sides of the triangle are
8, 9 and 13 centimetres. The centres of the circles are at
the vertices of the triangle and the circles just touch. The
radius, in centimetres, of the largest circle is
(A) 6 (B) 6.5 (C) 7 (D) 7.5 (E) 8

13. The four integers 3, 4, 8, 11 have their mean and range calculated.
A fifth integer is then included that is different from the other four. This doesn’t change
the range, but the mean is now an integer.
What is this new mean?
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8

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2022 AMC Senior Questions29

B
14. Two triangles ABC and BCD are both right an-
gled as shown. Lines AB and CD are parallel. Also
AC = 1 and AB = 2. D

>
What is the length of CD?
√ √ 2
3
(A) 2 (B) (C) 3

>
2
16 5
(D) (E)
9 3

A 1 C

√
15. The value of x in the equation 3x + 3x+1 + 3x+2 = 13 3 is
√ √
1 13 3 − 9 √ 13 3 − 3
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 3 (E)
2 9 9

16. Four numbers are equally spaced on the number line, in the given order

1 1
, , X, Y
20 22
What is the value of Y ?
1 2 3 2 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
26 21 44 55 26

17. A small equilateral triangle sits inside a larger equilateral 2

triangle as shown.
6
What is the ratio of the areas of the smaller and larger
equilateral triangles?
6
(A) 1 : 3 (B) 7 : 16 (C) 9 : 16
2
(D) 37 : 64 (E) 21 : 32
6 2

18. The square pyramid shown is divided into 3 pieces, P , Q

and R, by two planes that are parallel to the square base. P
Each of the 3 pieces has the same height. The volume of Q
the piece P is 5 cm3 .
What is the volume of piece R, in cm3 ? R
(A) 15 (B) 25 (C) 40 (D) 95 (E) 125

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30 2022 AMC Senior Questions

19. A sequence of values a1 , a2 , . . . , a100 is calculated as follows:

a2 + 1 an−1 + 1 a99 + 1
a1 = 1 , a2 = 2 , a3 = , ... an = , ... a100 =
a1 an−2 a98

What is a100 ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5 (E) 50

20. A triangular ramp is in the shape of a right-angled tetrahe-

dron. The horizontal base is an equilateral triangle with sides 1
8 metres. The apex is 1 metre directly above one corner of the |
base, so that two faces are vertical.
In square metres, what is the area of the sloping face? 8

|
√ 65 √
(A) 16 3 (B) 28 (C) 3
4
√
(D) 4 33 (E) 32

21. A cuboctahedron is a solid formed by joining the

midpoints of the edges of a cube as shown.
What is the volume of a cuboctahedron of side
length 2? 2 2
√ √
10 2 40 2 √
(A) (B) (C) 8 2
3 3
√ √ √ 8√
(D) 6 2 + 8 3 (E) 8 2 + 3 2 2
3

22. In the two equations ax − b = c and dy + e = f , each of the letters a, b, c, d, e, and f is

replaced by a different digit from 1 to 9.
When the two equations are solved for x and y, the lowest possible value of x + y is
(A) less than −7 (B) between −7 and −5 (C) between −5 and −3
(D) between −3 and −1 (E) greater than −1

23. A semicircle is inscribed in a right-angled isosce-

les triangle and a square is inscribed in the semi-
circle as shown. What is the ratio of the area of
the square to the area of the triangle?
√
(A) 1 : 3 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 2 : 5
√
(D) 1 : 2 2 (E) 3 : 8

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2022 AMC Senior Questions31

24. In the grid shown, the numbers 1 to 8 are placed so that when
joined in ascending order they make a trail. The trail moves 2 3 8 7
from one square to an adjacent square but does not move di-
agonally. In how many ways can the numbers 1 to 8 be placed 1 4 5 6
in the grid to give such a trail?
(A) 12 (B) 20 (C) 24 (D) 28 (E) 36

25. When I cycled around the lake yesterday, my children Sally and Wally decided to ride
the same route in the opposite direction. We all set off at the same time, from the same
point, and finished at that same spot. We each rode at our own steady speed. It took me
77 minutes. Sally and I passed each other, waving, exactly 42 minutes after we started.
Precisely 2 minutes later, Wally and I passed each other, puffing.
To the nearest minute, how much longer did Wally take than Sally to ride around the lake?
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 10

26. Horton has a regular hexagon of area 60. For each choice of three
vertices of the hexagon, he writes down the area of the triangle
with these three vertices.
What is the sum of the 20 areas that Horton writes down?

27. An even square number is multiplied by an odd cube greater than 1, resulting in a fourth
power. If the fourth power is as small as possible, what is the sum of the square and the
cube?

28. In an infinite sequence, the first two terms are 2 and 6, and apart from the first term, each
term is one less than the average of its two neighbours. What is the largest term less than
1000?

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32 2022 AMC Senior Questions

29. Wasteful Wayne takes one sheet of paper with ‘My Docu-
ment’ printed on it. He runs it through the photocopier to
make two copies which he then stamps with his ‘COPY’
stamp.
Wayne then takes the original and the two copies, runs all
three through the photocopier to make two copies of each,
stamps the six new copies with his ‘COPY’ stamp, and
adds them to the top of the pile.
He repeats this process by making two copies of each sheet
of paper in his existing pile, stamping the new copies, then
adding them to the pile. So the pile triples in size each
time. After Wayne has done this eight times in total, the
pile is 6561 sheets high.
How many sheets have exactly 2 ‘COPY’ stamps on them?

30. Ali, Beth, Chen, Dom and Ella finish a race in alphabetical order: Ali in first place, then
Beth, Chen, Dom and Ella. The next week, they run another race and their placings all
change. Two of the runners receive a placing higher than the week before, and the other
three runners receive a placing lower than the week before. Given this information, in how
many orders could the five runners have finished this second race?

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2022 AMC Middle Primary Solutions33

Middle Primary Solutions

Solutions – Middle Primary Division
1. Alternative 1
Counting row by row, there are 3 + 4 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 22 dots,
hence (C).
Alternative 2
Adding 3 extra dots creates a 5 × 5 square with 25 dots in total. So there are 25 − 3 = 22
dots in the pattern,
hence (C).

2. 465 + 100 = 565,

hence (D).

3. The shaded triangle is half the square and the square is half the rectangle, so the shaded
triangle is one-quarter of the rectangle,
hence (B).

4. 17 − 9 = 8,
hence (B).

5. Here are the moves that John makes:

The final square he lands on is the one marked ,

hence (A).

6. Here is where there is a circle, an oval, a triangle and a rectangle in the picture:

rectangle
triangle

circle
oval

However, there is no square,

hence (D).

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34 2022 AMC Middle Primary Solutions

7. Since Eve counts 10 numbers, there are 9 skips of 2 between her numbers. Since she started
at 20, she finishes at 20 + 9 × 2 = 20 + 18 = 38,
hence (E).

8. There were 5 students who chose Saturday and 3 who chose Sunday, so 8 chose Saturday
or Sunday,
hence (B).

9. From the start time to 8 am is 45 minutes. From 8 am to the finish time is 2 minutes. So
the bike ride was 45 + 2 = 47 minutes long,
hence (C).

10. As shown in the diagram, there are 7 children between Edie and Louie:

front Edie Louie back

hence (A).

11. The ten-cent coins are worth $4.90 and the twenty-cent coins are worth $5.00. Together
they are worth $9.90,
hence (B).

12. Here are five vertical slices from front to back, including the missing cubes:

2×1
3×2
4×3

The total number of missing cubes is 12 + 6 + 2 = 20,

hence (E).

13. If the students get 4 stickers each, Ms Amali gives away 23 × 4 = 92 stickers. So she will
have 8 left over,
hence (B).

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2022 AMC Middle Primary Solutions35

14. This diagram shows how the card moves.

In particular, the bottom-right corner (marked ×) stays in place,
and ends up in the top left. Only (A) has this,
××
×

hence (A).

15. Alternative 1
Testing each number in turn, we see that
(A) 7 + 1 = 8 but 11 − 1 = 10
(B) 7 + 2 = 9 and 11 − 2 = 9 
(C) 7 + 3 = 10 but 11 − 3 = 8
(D) 7 + 4 = 11 but 11 − 4 = 7
(E) 7 + 5 = 12 but 11 − 5 = 6
So, of the available choices, only the number 2 can be inserted into the boxes to make the
number sentence true,
hence (B).
Alternative 2
On the number line shown, 7 +  and 11 −  both end up at the same point:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

+ −

Both jumps go to 9, half-way between 7 and 11. Then , the size of each jump, is 2 units,
hence (B).

16. Considering possible ages for Sally as 1, 2, 3, . . . , her brother’s age is 3, 6, 9, . . . , going up
in 3s. The difference between their ages is 2, 4, 6, . . . , going up in 2s. For this difference
to be 10, Sally will be 5 and her brother 15,
hence (B).

17. The shaded area can be divided into 5 squares identical to the one shown on the left. As
the diagram on the right shows, each of these squares can be covered by 8 of the small
tiles:

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36 2022 AMC Middle Primary Solutions

The number of tiles needed to cover the total cross shape is then 5 × 8 = 40,
hence (E).

18. There are two pairs of numbers which multiply to give 12, (2,6) and (3,4). There are also
two pairs which add to 11, (5,6) and (4,7).
If we use 2 × 6 to give 12, we must use 4 + 7 to give 11. This leaves 1, 3 and 5 and there
is no pair which subtracts to give 1.
So we try 3 × 4 = 12 and 5 + 6 = 11 which leaves 1, 2 and 7. Now 2 − 1 = 1 so the unused
card is 7,
hence (E).

19. The path of the beam can be drawn in, taking care to follow the diagonals of the grid
squares:

1 10 3 8 5
>

6
<

11 2 9 4 7

As the numbering shows, there are 11 points where the beam of light bounces off a mirror,
hence (D).

20. The 10 marbles removed from the can weigh 115 − 85 = 30 g, so 30 marbles will weigh
3 × 30 = 90 g. Therefore the empty can weighs 115 − 90 = 25 g,
hence (C).

21. The ribbon wraps around 8 sides of the box. Each side is 20 cm, so this requires 8 × 20 =
160 cm of ribbon. Another 80 cm is required to tie the bow so Peter needs approximately
240 cm of ribbon,
hence (C).

22. Alternative 1
This table shows the balance after each deposit:

Week Hamish Eliza

1 12 32
2 36
3 24 40
4 44
5 36 48
6 52
7 48 56
8 60
9 60 64
10 68
11 72 72
,
hence (E).

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2022 AMC Middle Primary Solutions37

Alternative 2
After the week 1 deposits, Eliza has $20 more in the bank than Hamish.
Two weeks later (week 3), Hamish has deposited $12 more and Eliza has deposited $8
more. The difference between bank accounts has gone down by $4.
Two weeks later, the difference between banks accounts has gone down another $4.
This continues until the difference between accounts has gone down by 5 × 4 = 20 dollars,
which is 5 × 2 = 10 weeks after the first week. This is in week 11,
hence (E).

23. We try to use the smallest set of numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4. The 1 must be opposite the 2 and
then the 3 will be next to the 2 so this is impossible.
The next smallest set is 1, 2, 3 and 5 but this gives exactly the same problem. In both
cases we cannot use 1, 2 and 3 in the set, since the first diagram shows that once we’ve
placed 1 and 2, we can’t place the 3.

? 2 4 2

1 ? 1 5

The next smallest total is given by 1, 2, 4 and 5 which add to 12. The second diagram
shows that this can be done,
hence (C).

24. The three numbers are factors of 280, and each is less than 21. So they must be chosen
from 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 20.
From these numbers we need three numbers that add to 21. By choosing the largest of the
three numbers first, possibilities for the other two numbers can be found. For instance,
choosing 14 means that the other two numbers add to 7, which can only be 5 + 2. Working
this way, we find just four ways to choose three numbers that add to 21:

Three numbers Sum Product

14 5 2 21 140
10 10 1 21 100
10 7 4 21 280 
7 7 7 21 343

The only solution that has product 280 is when the three numbers are 4, 7 and 10,
hence (C).

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38 2022 AMC Middle Primary Solutions

25. If the net had the two pierced faces joined together, they would look like this:
None of the nets (A) to (E) have these two faces joined, so the two pierced faces must be
two that become joined at a common edge like this:
Here are the five nets, with arrows showing how some of the edges are joined to make the
cube. For each net, the join between the two pierced faces has a solid arrow, and the joined
faces are shown underneath:

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

In these diagrams, only (D) has the right orientation of the two pierced faces,
hence (D).

26. We cannot just increase the units digit because all the numbers higher than 4 are already
used.
The same applies to increasing the tens or hundreds digits. So we must increase the
thousands digit.
The smallest change will be to increase this to a 7 and then use numbers as small as
possible in the next three positions. This gives 897 012, so we will need another 258 units,
hence (258).

27. Alternative 1
Starting with 2, these are the numbers containing the digit 3: 203, 213, 223, 230, 231, 232,
233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 243, 253, 263, 273, 283, 293, a total of 19 numbers.
Similarly, there are also 19 numbers starting with 4 that contain 3.
Finally, all 100 numbers from 300 to 399 contain the digit 3.
In all there are 19 + 100 + 19 = 138 numbers from 200 to 500 containing the digit 3,
hence (138).
Alternative 2
Since 500 doesn’t have a 3, we can focus on the 300 numbers from 200 to 499. We first
count those that don’t have the digit 3. Here are the choices for the three digits:

2 or 4 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 (9 choices)
(2 choices) 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 (9 choices)

Any of these 2 × 9 × 9 = 162 choices gives a number from 200 to 499 without the digit 3.
Then there are 300 − 162 = 138 numbers that do have the digit 3,
hence (138).

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2022 AMC Middle Primary Solutions39

28. To make the largest possible 3-digit number, we try starting with the first digit 9. This
uses 6 bars, so the digit sum so far is 3 more than the number of bars used.
To compensate, we need at least one other digit which uses more bars than its own value,
namely 0, 1, 2 or 3. The biggest gain is from using a 0, which uses 6 more bars than its
value. With 9 and 0, the digit sum is 3 less than the number of bars used. This allows us
to use another 9 to balance the two totals. So 990 is such a number and no larger number
will work,
hence (990).

29. (Also UP26)

Nguyen’s sequence begins 1, 6, 16, 36, 76. The sixth number would be 156, but since he
doesn’t write the hundreds digit, it is 56. Similarly, the seventh number is 16, which is the
same as the third number. From here the numbers continue in a cycle of the four numbers
16, 36, 76, 56 . . . Then each term is the same as the term four places before, so the 2022nd
number will be the same as the 6th number, namely 56,
hence (56).

30. (Also UP28)

The numbers to choose from are the odd numbers from 1 to 105.
So the smallest sum possible is 1 + 3 + 5 = 9 and the largest is 101 + 103 + 105 = 309, and
each sum of three odd numbers must be odd.
Every odd number between 9 and 309 is possible, by starting with 1 + 3 + 5 = 9 then
increasing in twos in this pattern:

1+3+5=9 1 + 3 + 7 = 11 1 + 5 + 7 = 13
3 + 5 + 7 = 15 3 + 5 + 9 = 17 3 + 7 + 9 = 19
.. .. ..
. . .
99 + 101 + 103 = 303 99 + 101 + 105 = 305 99 + 103 + 105 = 307
101 + 103 + 105 = 309

This table has 50 full rows, so there are 3 × 50 + 1 = 151 possible totals,
hence (151).

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40 2022 AMC Upper Primary Solutions

Upper Primary Solutions

Solutions – Upper Primary Division
1. Two hundred and five thousand, one hundred and fifty is 205 150,
hence (E).

4
2. There are 9 small squares of equal size and 4 are shaded, so the fraction is ,
9
hence (D).

3. (Also I1)
2220 − 2022 = 198,
hence (C).

4. The smallest of the three numbers is 0.08, and the largest is 1.03,
hence (B).

5. I am 4 years older than my brother, so I will be 7 + 4 = 11 years old,

hence (C).

6. (Also I2)
Alternative 1
Out of the 29 squares, there are 12 squares that have 3 edges on the perimeter, 4 squares
that have 2 opposite edges on the perimeter and 4 squares that have 2 adjacent edges on
the perimeter. This accounts for all 12 × 3 + 4 × 2 + 4 × 2 = 52 edges on the shape,
hence (A).
Alternative 2
Start with the central 3 × 3 square, with perimeter P = 12. Join the remaining 20 squares
one-by-one. Each join increases P by 2: an increase of 4 from the new square but then a
decrease of 2 from the join. After joining 20 squares, P = 12 + 20 × 2 = 52,
hence (A).

7. Between the numbers on the dial the tick marks divide each section into 5 parts, each
1
measuring = 0.2. So the needle is pointing at 2.4. Since this is in thousands of rpm, it
5
represents 2.4 × 1000 = 2400 rpm,
hence (E).

8. Since one litre is 1000 mL, there are 1000 − 320 = 680 mL left,
hence (C).

9. All these rectangles have an area of 24 square centimetres,

hence (E).

10. Jai’s morning routine takes 15 + 10 + 20 + 5 + 30 = 80 minutes, which is 1 hour and 20

minutes. To be in school by 8:55 am he should start his shower no later than 7:35 am,
hence (A).

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2022 AMC Upper Primary Solutions41

11. (Also J4)

We look for the spinner which has twice as many red sections as white sections. The fourth
spinner has 4 red sections and 2 white sections and is the only one which fits,
hence (D).

12. The diagram shows that Clement passes 4 12 a total of 5 times:

•
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

hence (E).

13. 46 + 364 + 591 = 1001. The missing unit digit must be a 6 to give 11 (1 carry 1). So,
including the carry, the tens digits add to 14 which means the missing digit must again be
6, to give a sum of 20 (0 carry 2). In the hundreds column, we now have 3 + 2 = 5 so the
missing number is 5 in order to get 0 carry 1. The missing numbers are 6, 6 and 5 and the
sum of these is 17,
hence (D).

14. In the original stack, the yellow triangle is on top of the blue square and under the red
circle, so in the flipped stack, the yellow triangle will be under the blue square and on top
of the red circle. Only (A) and (C) have this. Considering the position of the three shapes,
the blue square is originally on the right side of the arrangement, so it will be on the left
side when flipped. So only (A) has all the shapes in their correct positions,
hence (A).

15. Alternative 1
1 1
15 is of 45, so the missing number must be of 270, which is 90,
3 3
hence (D).
Alternative 2
Writing each division as a fraction,

270
=
45 15
To convert the fraction on the left to the fraction on the right, a factor of 3 is cancelled in
the denominator. So we need to cancel 3 in the numerator, giving 90. Checking, both 270 45
and 90
15
equal 6,
hence (D).

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42 2022 AMC Upper Primary Solutions

16. The smallest square has side 3 cm and the largest square has side 8 cm. Consequently the
medium-sized square has side 8 − 3 = 5 cm and perimeter 5 × 4 = 20 cm,
hence (C).

17. For each marble Mei takes, she leaves two. Then Huang takes one of these two, leaving
one marble. Since 8 marbles were left, Mei took 8 and then Huang took 8, a total of 24
marbles that were originally in the bag,
hence (D).

18. The smallest possible sum of eight different numbers is 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 = 36.

The diagram below shows that these eight numbers can be placed so that no two joined
by an edge have a difference of 1:

8 2

5 7

4 6

1 3

hence (A).

19. This year, the sum of George’s grandchildren’s ages is 27 + 23 + 16 = 66. This is 12 years
less than George’s age. After each year, the total of the grandchildren’s ages will increase
by 3, whilst George ages only 1 year. So they will gain 2 years in total each year. So in 6
years, they will gain the 12 years and the sum of their ages will equal George’s age,
hence (B).

20. The total number of TVs is 1 × 0 + 3 × 1 + 4 × 2 + 9 × 3 + 8 × 4 + 3 × 5 + 1 × 6 = 91,

hence (C).

21. The number of prize-winning girls was 15% of 80, which is 12. Including the 6 boys, there
were 12 + 6 = 18 prize winners out of 80 + 70 = 150 students. As a percentage, this is
18
× 100 = 12%,
150
hence (B).

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2022 AMC Upper Primary Solutions43

F
22. Rotating the page by 180◦ and then reflecting the image in a vertical mirror line has the
same effect as reflecting the image in a horizontal mirror line, as demonstrated by the
letter F:

F
rotate

180◦
F reflect

reflect
F
So, for a letter to look the same after this process, it must have a horizontal line of
symmetry. There are 9 such letters:

B CD E H I KOX
hence (E).

1000
23. For each class, the 1000 students will require = 40 teachers. There are 6 classes each
25
day for the students so we need 40 × 6 = 240 teacher classes. Each teacher teaches only 5
classes each day, so we need 240 ÷ 5 = 48 teachers,
hence (B).

24. There will be 6 starting with p, then 6 starting with q and 6 starting with r. So the 19th
will be the first one starting with s. This is spqr,
hence (A).

25. (Also I14)

Alternative 1
The line through 7 and 2 has 7 + 15 + 2 = 24 so far, so the missing number is 40 − 24 = 16.
Similarly, the line through 8 and 9 has 8+16+9 = 33 and the missing number is 40−33 = 7.
There are three more lines to complete. In each,
we know two of the numbers, so we can determine 7
31
what the other two numbers add to, as shown.
Adding 31 + 17 + 24 = 72 counts each of the three 8 15 17
unknown numbers twice. Thus the three unknown
numbers add to 36. 16
This means that the three unknown numbers are 7 24
36 − 31 = 5, 36 − 17 = 19 and 36 − 24 = 12. Of
2 9
the ten numbers used, the largest is the 19 just
found,
hence (E).

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44 2022 AMC Upper Primary Solutions

Alternative 2
7
Completing 7 + 15 + x + 2 = 40 gives x = 16, as shown.
Completing 8 + 16 + y + 9 = 40 gives y = 7, as shown.
Each line adds to 40, so summing all 5 gives 5 × 40 = 200. This 8 15 a b
counts every number twice, so the 10 numbers add to 100.
16 c
The 7 known numbers add to 64 so a + b + c = 36. Since
a + b = 17, c = 36 − 17 = 19. The last two numbers can now 7
be found: a = 5 and b = 12. 2 9
The largest number used is c = 19,
hence (E).

26. (Also MP29)

Nguyen’s sequence begins 1, 6, 16, 36, 76. The sixth number would be 156, but since he
doesn’t write the hundreds digit, it is 56. Similarly, the seventh number is 16, which is the
same as the third number. From here the numbers continue in a cycle of the four numbers
16, 36, 76, 56 . . . Then each term is the same as the term four places before, so the 2022nd
number will be the same as the 6th number, namely 56,
hence (56).

27. The cake has 5 sides to be decorated and each will have a 9 × 9 array of chocolate drops.
This gives a total of 5 × 81 = 405,
hence (405).

28. (Also MP30)

The numbers to choose from are the odd numbers from 1 to 105.
So the smallest sum possible is 1 + 3 + 5 = 9 and the largest is 101 + 103 + 105 = 309, and
each sum of three odd numbers must be odd.
Every odd number between 9 and 309 is possible, by starting with 1 + 3 + 5 = 9 then
increasing in twos in this pattern:
1+3+5=9 1 + 3 + 7 = 11 1 + 5 + 7 = 13
3 + 5 + 7 = 15 3 + 5 + 9 = 17 3 + 7 + 9 = 19
.. .. ..
. . .
99 + 101 + 103 = 303 99 + 101 + 105 = 305 99 + 103 + 105 = 307
101 + 103 + 105 = 309

This table has 50 full rows, so there are 3 × 50 + 1 = 151 possible totals,
hence (151).

29. Let the Albury sprinters be A, B, C, D and E. We need to choose two of these and we
have the combinations (AB, AC, AD, AE) (BC, BD, BE) (CD, CE) and (DE) giving 10
combinations. In a similar way, we find that there are 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15 combinations
for the Wodonga pair. Each of the 10 Albury combinations can be combined with each of
the 15 Wodonga combinations, so we have 10 × 15 = 150 ways to choose the team,
hence (150).

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2022 AMC Upper Primary Solutions45

30. Alternative 1
On the net, we can identify faces and visualise how they fold together:

top
12

left front right back

top
10 g ht
height ri
bottom front
g th
width l en
32

Try 2 as the height. From the front and top faces, the length of the prism would be
12 − 2 = 10. Similarly, from the right and bottom faces, the width of the prism would be
10 − 2 = 8. Then the total width of the net would be 2 × 8 + 2 × 10 = 36, but it should
be 32.
As we increase the height, the calculated values of width and length will both be smaller.
So try 3. Then the width is 10 − 3 = 7 and the height is 12 − 3 = 9. With these, the total
width of the net is 2 × 7 + 2 × 9 = 32.
Increasing the height beyond this will make the net narrower than 32 cm.
So the volume of the prism is 9 × 7 × 3 = 189 cm3 ,
hence (189).
Alternative 2
On the net, we can identify faces and visualise how they fold together, labelling each edge
with L, W and H:
W

L top L
12
L W L W
H left H front H right H back H
L W L W top
10 g ht
W bottom W
H front ri
L L
W
16 16

Comparing the 12 and the 10 in the diagram, L is 2 more than W .

Splitting the 32 into two halves of 16 as shown, L+W must be 16. The only sum L+W = 16
where L is 2 more than W is 9 + 7 = 16. That is, L = 9 and W = 7. Then H = 10 − 7 = 3.
Checking against the original diagram, W + H = 7 + 3 = 10, L + H = 9 + 3 = 12 and
L + W + L + W = 9 + 7 + 9 + 7 = 32.
The volume of the box is 9 × 7 × 3 = 189 cm3 ,
hence (189).

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46 2022 AMC Junior Solutions

Junior Solutions
Solutions – Junior Division
1. The rhombus has 4 sides, each of length 9 cm, so the perimeter is 4 × 9 = 36 cm,
hence (E).

2. (Also S1)
4 − 7 = −3,
hence (C).

3. 20 × 22 = 440,
hence (B).

4. (Also UP11)
We look for the spinner which has twice as many red sections as white sections. The fourth
spinner has 4 red sections and 2 white sections and is the only one which fits,
hence (D).

5. From 4:28 pm to 5 pm is 32 minutes and from 5 pm to 5:05 pm is 5 minutes. So Russell’s

tuba lesson is 32 + 5 = 37 minutes long,
hence (D).

6. Alternative 1
1
The square has area 2 × 2 = 4. The shaded triangle has area × 1 × 2 = 1. Therefore the
2
1
shaded triangle is of the area,
4
hence (B).
Alternative 2
The square can be divided into 4 copies of the shaded triangle, so the
1
shaded triangle is of the area,
4

hence (B).

7. 103 − 112 = 1000 − 121 = 879,

hence (E).

8. Alternative 1
7 1 15 3 16 1 17 1 18 3
Converting to mixed numbers, =3 , =3 , =3 , = 4 , and = 3 . Of
2 2 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 5
1
these, only 4 is between 4 and 5,
4
hence (D).

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2022 AMC Junior Solutions47

Alternative 2
Rather than converting these fractions to mixed numbers, note that most of them are less
8 16 20 17 1
than 4 = = = . The only one that is greater than 4 is = 4 which is less than
2 4 5 4 4
5,
hence (D).

9. (Also I5)
Since P QR is isosceles, ∠P QR = ∠P RQ. Also ∠P QR + ∠P RQ = 180◦ − 48◦ = 132◦ .
Consequently ∠P QR = ∠P RQ = 132 ÷ 2 = 66◦ ,
hence (B).

3 1
10. One-quarter of 7 days is 7 ÷ 4 = 1 = (2 − ) days.
4 4
So we count 2 days forward to midday Tuesday, then back 6 hours to 6 am Tuesday,
hence (A).

11. The hidden numbers are 60 ÷ 30 = 2, 60 ÷ 5 = 12 and 60 ÷ 4 = 15, and so their sum is
2 + 12 + 15 = 29,
hence (C).

12. The smallest square has side 3 cm and the largest square has side 9 cm. Consequently the
medium-sized square has side 9 − 3 = 6 cm and perimeter 6 × 4 = 24 cm,
hence (C).

13. (Also I8)

Australia needs to buy enough petrol for another 30 days. This is 30 × 160 million = 4800
million litres,
hence (E).

3
14. The angle for juice is 90◦ which is times as much as the 60◦ angle for milk. So the
2
3
number of students who chose juice is × 80 = 120,
2
hence (C).

15. A number N is divisible by 3 exactly when S, the sum of its digits, is divisible by 3. So
we test the sum of the digits of the nine numbers:

N 1 12 123 1234 12345 123456 1234567 12345678 123456789

S 1 3 6 10 15 21 28 36 45
÷3? ×   ×   ×  

Thus 6 of the numbers are divisible by 3,

hence (D).

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48 2022 AMC Junior Solutions

2
16. I can see at most 15 dots per dice . Then 100 ÷ 15 = 6 , so 6 dice is too few.
3
For exactly 100 dots, write 100 = (6 × 15) + (1 × 10), so that I can arrange 7 dice by having
6 dice with 15 dots visible and 1 dice with 5 + 4 + 1 = 10 dots visible:

So 100 dots can be visible with a minimum of 7 dice,

hence (C).

17. Here is how the logo is reflected, rotated and reflected again:

Original Reflected in  Rotated 90◦ clockwise Reflected in 

hence (A).
18. The patterns ××× and ◦◦◦ are not allowed in any row or column,
so several squares can be filled to avoid these. This gives all the
◦ × × ◦ ◦/××/◦
squares shown with dark background. × ◦ × ◦ ×/◦◦/×
Due to the rule that columns and rows must have three of each × ◦ ◦ ×× ◦
symbol, the five symbols with pale background are required. ◦×◦×◦×
There are two ways to complete the four remaining squares, as ×◦×◦ ◦×
shown in gold. However, in both cases, the three outlined squares ◦ × ◦ ×× ◦
have ◦ × ◦,
hence (B).

19. Alternative 1
Suppose Ash and Sash swap x cards, Ash and Tash swap y cards, and Sash and Tash swap z
cards. Then Ash’s total number of cards gives x+y = 11, Sash’s gives x+z = 8 and Tash’s
gives y + z = 15. Adding the three equations results in 2x + 2y + 2z = 11 + 8 + 15 = 34,
so x + y + z = 17. Subtracting the first equation shows that z = 6,
hence (D).
Alternative 2
There are 8 + 11 + 15 = 34 cards. Ash gives 11 cards and receives 11 cards, so he touches
22 cards and doesn’t touch 34 − 22 = 12 cards. These 12 cards must swap between Sash
and Tash, and since each swap involves 2 cards, there are 6 swaps between Sash and Tash.
Then in Sash’s 8 swaps, 8 − 6 = 2 will be with Ash. Similarly, Tash swaps 15 − 6 = 9 cards
with Ash. These values give a complete solution, confirming that the unique solution is
where Sash swaps 6 cards with Tash,
hence (D).

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2022 AMC Junior Solutions49

20. Alternative 1 X
P Q
Let X, Y and Z be as indicated on the diagram and draw in the
line XY . By symmetry, point Z is the centre of rectangle P XY S.
1 Z
Consequently the area of SZP is the area of this rectangle and
4
1
hence the area of P QRS. There are four such unshaded triangles, S R
8 Y
1 1
so the unshaded area of P QRS is 4 × = and so the fraction that
8 2
1
is shaded is also ,
2
hence (D).
Alternative 2
P X
Consider just one quadrant of the square, with labelling as shown.
The solution to Question 6 (on page ??) shows that triangles P Y N
1 M
and P XM each has area of this smaller square and so the remaining
4
1
shaded region is of this square. This applies to each quadrant of the Y
2 N
1
larger square P QRS, so of the square is shaded,
2
hence (D).

21. The list begins 2, 4, 16, 49, 169, 256, 169, . . .

After this, the numbers alternate between 169 and 256, with 169 in the odd positions and
256 in the even positions. Consequently the 2022nd term will be 256,
hence (C).

22. A square will be shaded if the row number is a factor of the column number.
So the number of shaded squares in column 105 equals the number of factors of 105. The
factors of 105 are {1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 21, 35, 105}, so column 105 has 8 shaded squares,
hence (C).

23. If Andrew had kept walking in the rain, it would have taken him 9 minutes to get home.
Running at 1.5 times his walking speed would have taken him 9÷1.5 = 18÷3 = 6 minutes.
The total time would then be 15 + 6 = 21 minutes,
hence (C).

24. Alternative 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
− = > so minus any of the smaller fractions will also be greater than . This
2 3 6 10 2 10
gives 7 pairs.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
If the larger fraction is , then − = < but − = > . The smaller
3 3 4 12 10 3 5 15 10
fractions will also work, giving 5 more pairs.
1 1 1
If the larger fraction is , then we have to get to − to find a pair whose difference is
4 4 7
1
greater than . The smaller fractions will also work, giving 3 more pairs.
10

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50 2022 AMC Junior Solutions

1
If the larger fraction is or less, then taking away any of the smaller fractions gives a
5
1
result less than so there are no more pairs.
10
In all there are 7 + 5 + 3 = 15 pairs,
hence (C).
Alternative 2
Make a table with each fraction to three decimal places, shading those where the difference
is greater than 0.1. Due to increasing and decreasing trends, not all differences need to be
calculated.

second fraction
0.333 0.250 0.200 0.167 0.143 0.125 0.111
0.500 0.167
first 0.333 — 0.083 0.133
fraction 0.250 — — 0.083 0.107
0.200 — — — 0.089

These could be out due to rounding error, but this could only occur in the thousandths
place, so there is no doubt that 15 of these differences are greater than 0.1,
hence (C).

25. If we start in a corner, such as the lower left, there are three possibilities:

2 3 6 6 5 4 2 3 4

1 4 5 1 2 3 1 6 5

It is the same for each of the four corners, giving 12 placements.

If we start in a centre square, there are just two possibilities:

3 4 5 5 4 3

2 1 6 6 1 2

It is the same for each of the two centre squares giving 4 placements.
In total there are 12 + 4 = 16 placements,
hence (A).

26. In the tens place, the only way for ♥ + ♥ to result in a digit of ♥ is if ♥ is 0 with no carry
from the units place, or if ♥ is 9 with a carry of 1 from the units place.
Clearly ♥ cannot be 0, otherwise the resulting sum ♥♥♦ would be less than the numbers
being added together. So ♥ is 9 and it follows that ♦ is 4.
To ensure the carry from the units place,  must be 7. So the sum is 497 + 497 = 994,
with ♦ ♥  = 497,
hence (497).

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2022 AMC Junior Solutions51

27. Alternative 1
Suppose the numbers have digits abcd and efgh, so that the sum of the two numbers is

1000(a + e) + 100(b + f ) + 10(c + g) + (d + h)

If there was no carry when doing the addition, then the digits of this sum would be a + e,
b + f , c + g and d + h, and then the digit sum is a + e + b + f + c + g + d + h = 36. For
example 1234 + 8765 = 9999 has no carry and the digits sum is 36.
For each carry in the standard addition algorithm, the value in one column is reduced by
10 and the column to the left is increased by 1. So the total of the sum of all digits in the
answer is reduced by 9. So with one, two or three carries, the digit sum would go down
to 27, 18 or 9. The sum can’t be reduced to 0, and examples with three carries such as
6431 + 8572 = 15003 show that the minimum possible digit sum is 9.
Then the difference between the smallest and largest digit sums is 36 − 9 = 27,
hence (27).
Alternative 2
Let the two four-digit numbers be A and B and let C = A + B. The most C can be is
1000 × (8 + 7) + 100 × (6 + 5) + 10 × (4 + 3) + (2 + 1) = 16173. Then C  , the sum of the
digits of C, is at most 36, when C = 9999. This maximum can be found in many ways,
such as A = 8765, B = 1234, which has C = 9999 and C  = 36.
To find the smallest possible C  , we can try to pair up digits in A and B so that most of
the digits of C are 0. For instance if A = 5876 and B = 3124 then C = 9000 and C  = 9.
It seems likely that this is the smallest possible.
We claim that C  is a multiple of 9, which would confirm that C  is at least 9. This can be
shown using the principles behind the standard test for divisibility by 9, commonly called
casting out nines.
Let A be the sum of the digits of A and B  be the sum of the digits of B. Then A + B  =
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 = 36 which is a multiple of 9. Both A and A always have
the same remainder on division by 9, so that A − A is a multiple of 9. Specifically, if
A = 1000a + 100b + 10c + d and A = a + b + c + d then A − A = 9(111a + 11b + c).
Similarly B − B  is a multiple of 9. Then

C = A + B = (A − A ) + (B − B  ) + (A + B  ) = (A − A ) + (B − B  ) + 36

so that C is a multiple of 9 and then C  is a multiple of 9. As noted above, the smallest

possible value of C  is 9, so the value C  = 9 found above is the smallest possible digit sum.
Then the difference between the smallest and largest digit sums is 36 − 9 = 27,
hence (27).
Comment: One way of expressing this is to use modulo arithmetic. Instead of writing that
A − A is a multiple of 9, we write A ≡ A (mod 9). Modulo arithmetic allows us to prove
our claim about C  in one line: C  ≡ C = A + B ≡ A + B  = 36 ≡ 0 (mod 9).

28. The table below shows amounts received by all members as we increase the amount received
by trainees: $2, $3, $4, . . . Given there are twice as many legends as paddlers, these
members have been arranged into teams of 2 legends for every paddler. Since these teams
make up more than half the membership, and there are 20 trainees, there are at least 7
teams. We can work out how much is given to trainees, how much is given to the others
(the teams) and how much each team receives. From this we can check that there are a
whole number of teams.

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52 2022 AMC Junior Solutions

For example, the first row has $2 for each trainee, 6 × 2 = $12 for each paddler and
12 + 5 = $17 for each legend. The trainees receive a total of 2 × 20 = $40, leaving
1000 − 40 = $960 for the others. The others are in their teams, with each team receiving
12 + 2 × 17 = $46. However, 960 is not a multiple of 46.
Other rows follow the same steps, helped by some of the patterns in the columns. All
the divisions are fully worked out here, although in most cases this is not necessary. This
strategy finishes fairly quickly, since each team receives more than 18 times the trainee
amount, and since there are at least 7 teams, the amount going to teams is more than 126
times the trainee amount. Since 126 × 8 > 1000, the trainee amount is $7 or less.

Tr.$ Pad.$ Leg.$ Team$ All Tr.$ All teams $ Number of teams OK?
2 12 17 46 40 960 960 ÷ 46 = 20 4046
×
3 18 23 64 60 940 940 ÷ 64 = 14 4464
×
4 24 29 82 80 920 920 ÷ 82 = 11 1882
×
5 30 35 100 100 900 900 ÷ 100 = 9 YES
75
6 36 41 115 120 880 880 ÷ 115 = 7 115 ×
44
7 42 47 136 140 860 860 ÷ 136 = 6 136 ×

So the only solution has $5 per trainee, 9 teams and the club has 20 + 9 × 3 = 47 members,
hence (47).

29. (Also S26)

The regular hexagon consists of six equilateral triangles of area 10, which can be used as
a measurement grid.
The diagram shows the only three different (non-congruent) types of triangle that Horton
measures. Using the grid, we can measure each triangle’s area, and by considering rotations
and reflections, we can count how many of each type there are:

Area 10 + 5 + 5 = 20 Area 5 + 5 = 10 Area 6 × 5 = 30

12 of these 6 of these 2 of these

Then the total area of the 20 triangles is

12 × 20 + 6 × 10 + 2 × 30 = 240 + 60 + 60 = 360,

hence (360).

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2022 AMC Junior Solutions53

30. (Also I28)

Alternative 1
Suppose the three numbers in the sum are x, y and z, in increasing order.
If x = 1, then y must be at least 2 to avoid repeats. On the other hand, y cannot be more
than 49, otherwise z will be smaller. So y is in the range 2–49, giving 48 possibilities.
If x = 2, then y must be at least 3 to avoid repeats. If y = 49, then it is equal to z, which
is not allowed. So y is in the range 3–48, giving 46 possibilities.
If x = 3, then y must be in the range 4–48, giving 45 possibilities. Continuing in this way,
we get the subtotals shown in the following table. Notice that when x is odd, y and z
are guaranteed to never be equal because one is odd and the other is even. But when x
is even, we need to be careful to avoid the possibility that y = z. This accounts for the
pattern of alternating decreases in the subtotals as we move down the table.

x y Subtotal
1 2–49 48
−2
2 3–48 46
−1
3 4–48 45
−2
4 5–47 43
.. .. .. −1
. . .
29 30–35 6
−2
30 31–34 4
−1
31 32–34 3
−2
32 33 1

So the total number of sums is

1 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 7 + 9 + · · · + 40 + 42 + 43 + 45 + 46 + 48,

or
1 + 4 + 7 + · · · + 40 + 43 + 46
+ 48 + 45 + 42 + · · · + 9 + 6 + 3
Since there are 32 rows in the table, the above sum has 16 pairs of numbers which add to
49, so the total is 49 × 16 = 784,
hence (784).
Alternative 2
Each sum like 100 = 61 + 34 + 5 can be visualised as a row of counters of three colours,
such as 61 red counters followed by 34 green counters then 5 blue counters.

61 34 5

We’ll first work out the number of these arrangements of counters where we allow equal
numbers of some colours, and different arrangements (colours) of the same numbers are
counted separately. In this case, each choice corresponds to choosing the positions of the
two arrows in the diagram above. These arrows are in different positions, and not on the
first counter, so there are 99 possible positions.

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54 2022 AMC Junior Solutions

The number of ways of choosing 2 out of 99 is 99 × 98 ÷ 2, since there are 99 × 98 ways

of choosing one counter and then another, but this counts every pair twice. That is, there
are 99 × 49 = 4851 ways of making the row of red, green, then blue counters.
We need to exclude the arrangements of number a + b + c where two or more of a, b and
c are the same. We can’t have a = b = c, so we only need to exclude those where a = b,
a = c, or b = c.
For a = b, there are 49 possibilities, from 1 + 1 + 98, up to 49 + 49 + 2. Similarly there are
49 possibilities for a = c and 49 possibilities for b = c. So we have 99×49−3×49 = 96×49
arrangements where a, b and c are different.
However, every sum 100 = a + b + c with different a, b and c is counted 6 times here,
corresponding to a + b + c, a + c + b, b + a + c, b + c + a, c + a + b and c + b + a. So
the number of ways that 100 can be written as a sum of three positive integers where the
order of the three numbers does not matter is 96 × 49 ÷ 6 = 16 × 49 = 784,
hence (784).

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2022 AMC Intermediate Solutions55

Intermediate Solutions
Solutions – Intermediate Division
1. (Also UP3)
2220 − 2022 = 198,
hence (C).

2. (Also UP6)
Alternative 1
Out of the 29 squares, there are 12 squares that have 3 edges on the perimeter, 4 squares
that have 2 opposite edges on the perimeter and 4 squares that have 2 adjacent edges on
the perimeter. This accounts for all 12 × 3 + 4 × 2 + 4 × 2 = 52 edges on the shape,
hence (A).
Alternative 2
Start with the central 3 × 3 square, with perimeter P = 12. Join the remaining 20 squares
one-by-one. Each join increases P by 2: an increase of 4 from the new square but then a
decrease of 2 from the join. After joining 20 squares, P = 12 + 20 × 2 = 52,
hence (A).

3. From 20:22 through to 21:00 is 38 minutes.

From 21:00 through to 00:00 is 180 minutes.
Then the total time is 218 minutes,
hence (B).

1+4 5 1
4. = = ,
9 + 16 25 5
hence (A).

5. (Also J9)
Since P QR is isosceles, ∠P QR = ∠P RQ. Also ∠P QR + ∠P RQ = 180◦ − 48◦ = 132◦ .
Consequently ∠P QR = ∠P RQ = 132 ÷ 2 = 66◦ ,
hence (B).

7(8 + 12)
6. The rectangle has area 7 × 12 = 84 and the shaded trapezium has area = 70 so
2
70 5
the fraction shaded is = ,
84 6
hence (C).

7. (0.4)2 + (0.1)2 = 0.16 + 0.01 = 0.17,

hence (C).

8. (Also J13)
Australia needs to buy enough petrol for another 30 days. This is 30 × 160 million = 4800
million litres,
hence (E).

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56 2022 AMC Intermediate Solutions

9. Alternative 1
1011 − 674 = 337,
hence (A).
Alternative 2
2022( 12 − 13 ) = 2022( 16 ) = 2022 ÷ 6 = 337,
hence (A).

10. There are three s, so we divide the term on the right by three, giving 9x3 y 6 ,
hence (D).

11. (Also S5)

The diagonals of the rectangle meet at the midpoints of its two diagonals. One of these
diagonals
 hasendpoints (1, 8) and (7, 4). The midpoint is found by averaging coordinates
1+7 8+4
, = (4, 6),
2 2
hence (A).

12. Alternative 1
5 1 2 1 3 1
Let x be the number sought. Then = 1+ 1 so = 1 and = 1 + . Then
3 1+ x 3 1+ x 2 x
1 1
= so that x = 2,
2 x
hence (C).
Alternative 2
The expression has a number of add one and reciprocal operations chained together:
1 1
x +1 x +1 5
3

To solve, reverse each operation, from right to left:

1 1
x
1
+1 3 x
2
+1 5
2
2 2 3 3
1 −1 1 −1
x x

hence (C).

13. Alternative 1
The angles will be of the form 2x, 3x and 4x. Then
2x + 3x + 4x = 180
9x = 180
x = 20
4x = 80
hence (D).

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2022 AMC Intermediate Solutions57

Alternative 2
The three angles have 2, 3 and 4 parts and add to 180◦ . So each part is 180◦ ÷ 9 = 20◦
and the largest angle is 20◦ × 4 = 80◦ ,
hence (D).

14. (Also UP25)

Alternative 1
The line through 7 and 2 has 7 + 15 + 2 = 24 so far, so the missing number is 40 − 24 = 16.
Similarly, the line through 8 and 9 has 8+16+9 = 33 and the missing number is 40−33 = 7.
There are three more lines to complete. In each,
we know two of the numbers, so we can determine 7
31
what the other two numbers add to, as shown.
Adding 31 + 17 + 24 = 72 counts each of the three 8 15 17
unknown numbers twice. Thus the three unknown
numbers add to 36. 16
This means that the three unknown numbers are 7 24
36 − 31 = 5, 36 − 17 = 19 and 36 − 24 = 12. Of
2 9
the ten numbers used, the largest is the 19 just
found,
hence (E).
Alternative 2
7
Completing 7 + 15 + x + 2 = 40 gives x = 16, as shown.
Completing 8 + 16 + y + 9 = 40 gives y = 7, as shown.
Each line adds to 40, so summing all 5 gives 5 × 40 = 200. This 8 15 a b
counts every number twice, so the 10 numbers add to 100.
16 c
The 7 known numbers add to 64 so a + b + c = 36. Since
a + b = 17, c = 36 − 17 = 19. The last two numbers can now 7
be found: a = 5 and b = 12. 2 9
The largest number used is c = 19,
hence (E).

15
15. Daniel cycles for 15 minutes, so travels 20 × = 5 km. Luke walks for 20 minutes, so
60
20
travels 6 × = 2 km. Combined they travel 5 + 2 = 7 km,
60
hence (D).

16. Each of the 7 adults gives gifts to all 11 other people, for a total of 7 × 11 = 77 gifts.
Each of the 5 children gives gifts to all 4 other children, for a total of 5 × 4 = 20 gifts.
Altogether, the number of gifts that will be given is 77 + 20 = 97,
hence (C).

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58 2022 AMC Intermediate Solutions

17. There are 16 equally likely outcomes from the two spins. Second spin
The diagram shows the two-digit numbers for these outcomes. 1 2 3 4
The 10 shaded cells indicate when a multiple of 11 is obtained, 1 11 12 13 14
10 5

First spin
so the probability of this is = , 2 22 22 23 24
16 8
3 33 33 33 34
4 44 44 44 44

hence (D).

1
18. The 8 unit squares each have area 1 and the 8 overlapping triangles are each of a unit
4
1
square. So the total area is 8 − 8 × = 8 − 2 = 6,
4
hence (C).

19. Suppose Nic has been learning for N days and Rick for R days. Then (R−14) = 5(N −14) =
5N − 70 and (R − 2) = 2(N − 2) = 2N − 4. Thus

R = 5N − 56 = 2N − 2
3N = 54
N = 18 and R = 2 × 18 − 2 = 34

Then R + N = 18 + 34 = 52,
hence (D).

20. In the left diagram, suppose the screen is 16 units by 9 units. Then the unshaded part of
the screen must be 12 units by 9 units, since it has the same height and its ratio of width
to height is 4 : 3. The proportion of the screen’s area which is not blacked out by the bars
12 3 1
is = , so  = .
16 4 4

9 12 12 9

16 16

Similarly, in the right diagram we may assume the screen is 16 units by 12 units and the
9 3
unshaded part is 16 units by 9 units. Then the proportion not blacked out is = , so
12 4
1
r= .
4
Therefore  = r, so  : r = 1 : 1,
hence (C).

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2022 AMC Intermediate Solutions59

21. (Also S20)

Label points as shown, where M is the midpoint
√ of BC. P
Due to Pythagoras’ theorem, P B = P C = 82 + 12 =
√ 1
65.
Since P BC is isosceles, P M C has a right angle at M , B A
√ 8
√ 4
and then M P = ( 65)2 − 42 = 49 = 7.
M 8
Then P BC has base BC = 8, altitude M P = 7 and 4
area 12 × 8 × 7 = 28, C
hence (B).

22. The expression turns out to have the same value for all n  1:

3 (1 × 2 × 4) + (2 × 4 × 8) + · · · + (n × 2n × 4n)
(1 × 3 × 9) + (2 × 6 × 18) + · · · + (n × 3n × 9n)
 
3
3 8(1 + 8 + · · · + n ) 3 8 2
= 3
= =
27(1 + 8 + · · · + n ) 27 3

hence (B).

23. Alternative 1
Let the drum hold 12x litres. Then originally there are 5x litres of water and 7x litres of
5
milk. When 9 L are spilt, this is also in the ratio 5 : 7 so 9 × = 3.75 L of water and
12
7
9× = 5.25 L of milk are spilt.
12
This leaves 5x − 3.75 L of water and 7x − 5.25 L of milk. After refilling, water goes up to
5x − 3.75 + 9 = 5x + 5.25 L. The new ratio tells us that:

7(5x + 5.25) = 9(7x − 5.25)

35x + 36.75 = 63x − 47.25
84 = 28x
x=3

So the initial amount of milk was 7x = 21 L,

hence (B).
Alternative 2
7 7 7 7
The amount of milk in the drum went from of a drum to of a drum. Then ÷ =
12 16 16 12
12 3
= , so three-quarters of the milk was kept and one-quarter was spilled.
16 4
7 21
The 9 litres of mixture spilled contained ×9 = litres of milk. Since this is one-quarter
12 4
of the milk, there was originally 21 litres of milk in the drum,
hence (B).

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60 2022 AMC Intermediate Solutions

24. Let l be the lowest common multiple of p and q. We know that the product of any two
integers is equal to the lowest common multiple multiplied by the highest common factor,
pq prt
so pq = lt. So l = = = pr,
t t
hence (D).
25. Label the cells as shown, so that abde = bcef = degh = ef hi = 2 and
abc = def = ghi = adg = beh = cf i = 1. Then a b c

(abde)(bcef ) = (abc)(def )be d e f

4 = be g h i
Similarly eh = 4. Thus 16 = (be)(eh) = (beh)e = e,
hence (E).

26. Alternative 1
In the hundreds column, c + a is either 9 or 10. In the units column, b + c is either 2 or 12.
If b + c = 2 then b = c = 1 and then a = 1 in the tens column. However, this puts 1 + 1 = 2
in the hundreds column. So there is no solution with b + c = 2.
So b + c = 12 and then a + b = 11 in the tens column and c + a = 9 in the hundreds
column. Combining these, 11 + 9 − 12 = (a + b) + (a + c) − (b + c) = 2a so that 2a = 8
and a = 4. Then b = 7 and c = 5 and the three-digit number abc is 475,
hence (475).
Alternative 2
Writing the numbers with their place values,
2022 = (1000 + 100c + 10a + b) + (100a + 10b + c)
= 1000 + 110a + 11b + 101c
=⇒ 1022 = 110a + 11b + 101c
Then 110a, 11b, 99c and 1023 = 11 × 93 are multiples of 11, which can all be moved to the
left-hand side
1023 − 110a − 11b − 99c = 1 + 2c
Consequently 2c + 1 is a multiple of 11. Also 3  2c + 1  19 so that 2c + 1 = 11 and
c = 5. Then 11(93 − 10a − b − 9c) = 11 so that 10a + b = 92 − 9c = 92 − 45 = 47. Hence
a = 4 and b = 7 and the number abc is 475,
hence (475).

27. We get
6  111 
171 × 66 . . . 6
  = 171 × × 10 − 1
9
111 sixes
= 114 × (10111 − 1)
= 113 99 . . . 9 886.
 
108 nines
Thus, 1 + 8 + 1 + 8 + 3 + 6 + 9 × 108 = 9 × 111 = 999,
hence (999).

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2022 AMC Intermediate Solutions61

28. (Also J30)

Alternative 1
Suppose the three numbers in the sum are x, y and z, in increasing order.
If x = 1, then y must be at least 2 to avoid repeats. On the other hand, y cannot be more
than 49, otherwise z will be smaller. So y is in the range 2–49, giving 48 possibilities.
If x = 2, then y must be at least 3 to avoid repeats. If y = 49, then it is equal to z, which
is not allowed. So y is in the range 3–48, giving 46 possibilities.
If x = 3, then y must be in the range 4–48, giving 45 possibilities. Continuing in this way,
we get the subtotals shown in the following table. Notice that when x is odd, y and z
are guaranteed to never be equal because one is odd and the other is even. But when x
is even, we need to be careful to avoid the possibility that y = z. This accounts for the
pattern of alternating decreases in the subtotals as we move down the table.

x y Subtotal
1 2–49 48
−2
2 3–48 46
−1
3 4–48 45
−2
4 5–47 43
.. .. .. −1
. . .
29 30–35 6
−2
30 31–34 4
−1
31 32–34 3
−2
32 33 1

So the total number of sums is

1 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 7 + 9 + · · · + 40 + 42 + 43 + 45 + 46 + 48,

or
1 + 4 + 7 + · · · + 40 + 43 + 46
+ 48 + 45 + 42 + · · · + 9 + 6 + 3
Since there are 32 rows in the table, the above sum has 16 pairs of numbers which add to
49, so the total is 49 × 16 = 784,
hence (784).
Alternative 2
Each sum like 100 = 61 + 34 + 5 can be visualised as a row of counters of three colours,
such as 61 red counters followed by 34 green counters then 5 blue counters.

61 34 5

We’ll first work out the number of these arrangements of counters where we allow equal
numbers of some colours, and different arrangements (colours) of the same numbers are
counted separately. In this case, each choice corresponds to choosing the positions of the
two arrows in the diagram above. These arrows are in different positions, and not on the
first counter, so there are 99 possible positions.

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62 2022 AMC Intermediate Solutions

The number of ways of choosing 2 out of 99 is 99 × 98 ÷ 2, since there are 99 × 98 ways

of choosing one counter and then another, but this counts every pair twice. That is, there
are 99 × 49 = 4851 ways of making the row of red, green, then blue counters.
We need to exclude the arrangements of number a + b + c where two or more of a, b and
c are the same. We can’t have a = b = c, so we only need to exclude those where a = b,
a = c, or b = c.
For a = b, there are 49 possibilities, from 1 + 1 + 98, up to 49 + 49 + 2. Similarly there are
49 possibilities for a = c and 49 possibilities for b = c. So we have 99×49−3×49 = 96×49
arrangements where a, b and c are different.
However, every sum 100 = a + b + c with different a, b and c is counted 6 times here,
corresponding to a + b + c, a + c + b, b + a + c, b + c + a, c + a + b and c + b + a. So
the number of ways that 100 can be written as a sum of three positive integers where the
order of the three numbers does not matter is 96 × 49 ÷ 6 = 16 × 49 = 784,
hence (784).

29. Select numbers one at a time, at each point choosing the smallest number available that
can’t be used to form a triangle with two previously-chosen numbers. The first three chosen
are 1, 2 and 3.
The fourth choice can’t be 4, since there is a triangle with sides 2, 3 and 4, due to 2+3 > 4.
So we choose 5. This works, since if a and b are chosen from {1, 2, 3} then a + b ≤ 5, so
a, b, 5 don’t make a triangle.
The same principle tells us that the fifth choice is 8 — 3,5,6 and 3,5,7 both form triangles,
but 8 can’t form a triangle with two numbers from {1, 2, 3, 5}, since 8 is the sum of the
two largest numbers.
In general each choice from here on will be the sum of the two previous choices, giving
Fibonacci numbers.
1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, . . .
The first 15 of these numbers (up to 987) gives us a choice of 15 elements with no triangles,
and it seems likely that no more than 15 is possible.
To see that no more than 15 elements are possible, suppose we have our set of chosen
numbers in order: 1  a < b < c < d < e < · · · . Then a  1, b  2, and c  3.
Since b, c and d don’t form a triangle d  b+ c  2 + 3 = 5. Similarly e  c+ d  3 + 5 = 8,
and so on: each number is greater or equal to a corresponding Fibonacci number.
So there can’t be a 16th element in the list — it would have to be p  1597. Consequently,
the largest number of elements that can be chosen is 15,
hence (15).

30. Alternative 1
For each column of 3 horizontal lines in the grid, the path must either occupy 1 of the lines
or 3 of the lines. Make a 7-digit code from these lines. For instance, we can read across
the diagram in the question to get the code 3313111.
Consider the initial block of ‘3’s (possibly no ‘3’s) followed by a 1. Then the path must
make an ‘S’ shape like one of the following:

etc

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2022 AMC Intermediate Solutions63

Then the path goes one column over and for the next block of ‘3’s, it creates a ‘Z’ shape
like those above, but inverted. This continues across the grid, each time with the path
being uniquely determined by the code.
There are 27 = 128 possible 7-digit codes of ‘1’s and ‘3’s, but not all of them work. To
ensure the path ends up at Bryn (rather than lower right) there must be an even number
of ‘1’s in the code. However, this is exactly half of all 128 codes, since for every code with
an even number of ‘1’s, there is a unique corresponding code with an odd number of ‘1’s
that is found by swapping ‘1’s and ‘3’s. So the number of possible paths is 128 ÷ 2 = 64,
hence (64).
Alternative 2
For a grid of 3 rows and n columns, let An be the number of paths from bottom left to
top right and let Bn be the number of paths from bottom left to bottom right. We need
to find A8 .
By inspection, we can tabulate the first few values:

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
An 1 1 2
Bn 0 1 2

For n > 3, each path will either enter the top right vertically or horizontally. Let k  0 be
the number of horizontal segments the path ends with. Then to ensure the bottom right
is visited, there is only one possibility for the k + 1 rightmost columns, as shown.

···
∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Then for k = 1, . . . , n − 1, the number of paths in each case will be equal to the number of
paths to the point marked ∗ which is be Bn−k−1 . In addition there is the case k = n − 1,
where there is only one possibility. Consequently An = Bn−1 + Bn−2 + · · · + B1 + 1. So for
instance A4 = B3 + B2 + B1 + 1 = 2 + 1 + 0 + 1 = 4.
For Bn , a similar analysis gives us that Bn = An−1 + An−2 + · · · + A1 , so that B4 =
A3 + A2 + A1 = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4. Using these formulas, the table can be completed:

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
An 1 1 2 4 8 16 32 64
Bn 0 1 2 4 8 16 32 64

Then there are A8 = 64 possible paths for Felix,

hence (64).

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64 2022 AMC Senior Solutions

Senior Solutions
Solutions – Senior Division
1. (Also J2)
4 − 7 = −3,
hence (C).

2. 135 ÷ 15 = 9,
hence (B).

3. 51 + 42 + 33 + 24 + 15 = 5 + 16 + 27 + 16 + 1 = 65,
hence (E).

1 1 11 10 1
4. − = − = ,
20 22 220 220 220
hence (E).

5. (Also I11)
The diagonals of the rectangle meet at the midpoints of its two diagonals. One of these
diagonals
 hasendpoints (1, 8) and (7, 4). The midpoint is found by averaging coordinates
1+7 8+4
, = (4, 6),
2 2
hence (A).

6. Alternative 1
Let the perpendicular height of the trapezium (and hence the shaded parallelogram) be
h. Then the area of the large trapezium is 12 (3 + 5)h = 4h and the area of the shaded
1
parallelogram is 1h = h. So of the area is shaded,
4
hence (C).
Alternative 2
In this grid of five rectangles, the trapezium is shaded. Since the last
two rectangles are together half shaded, the trapezium’s area is 4 grid
rectangles.
The area coloured gold is two half grid grid rectangles, for a total of 1
1
grid rectangle. So this is of the trapezium’s area,
4
hence (C).

7. To leave the largest possible sum, we need

√ to remove the smallest number. This will be
the most
√ negative number
√ which √ is −4
√ 7. The sum of the remaining five numbers is
(1 + 3) 5 + (2 + 5 − 3) 7 = 4 5 + 4 7,
hence (E).

8. The angle sum in a quadrilateral is 360◦ . Thus 140 + 90 + 2x = 360 and so 2x = 130 and
x = 65,
hence (A).

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2022 AMC Senior Solutions65

9. Alternative 1
The only way of obtaining 12 is 11 on the large dice and 1 on the small dice. Since these
two rolls are independent,
1 1 1
P (total 12) = P (11 on large dice) × P (1 on small dice) = × =
6 2 12

hence (D).
Alternative 2
These rolls can be visualised as this 6 × 6 table of 36 equally likely outcomes:

0 0 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 10 10 10
11 11 11 11 12 12 12

3 1
As shown, 3 of the 36 have total 12, so the probability is = ,
36 12
hence (D).

10. The answer is approximately 25−1/2 + 16−1/4 = 51 + 12 = 10 7

, strongly suggesting that (C)
−1/2
is the closest. Furthermore, 25 = 0.2 is slightly less than 24−1/2 , whilst 16−1/4 = 0.5 is
−1/4
slightly greater than 17 so the errors will tend to cancel rather than accumulate.
Consequently, 0.7 is the closest of the five options,
hence (C).

11. Suppose p  q = q  p. Then 2p − q = 2q − p and so 3p = 3q. Consequently the only pairs

are where p = q.
Conversely every pair where p = q has p  q = q  p.
So (−6, −6), (−5, −5), . . . , (0, 0), (1, 1), . . . , (6, 6) are the 13 possible pairs,
hence (B).

12. Let the radii of the circles be x, y and z, with z being the radius of the largest circle.
Then x + y = 8, x + z = 9, and y + z = 13. Adding all three equations, 2x + 2y + 2z =
8 + 9 + 13 = 30 so that x + y + z = 15. Then z = 15 − 8 = 7,
hence (C).

13. The five numbers have integer mean, so their sum is a multiple of 5. The original four
numbers add to 26, and the fifth number must be between 3 and 11 but can’t be 4. So the
fifth number is 9, the sum of all five is 35 and the new mean is 35 ÷ 5 = 7,
hence (D).

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66 2022 AMC Senior Solutions

√
√ √ 3
14. By Pythagoras’ theorem, BC = 22 − 12 = 3. By similar triangles, BD = .
 2
3 3
So, again by Pythagoras’ theorem, CD = 3 − = ,
4 2
hence (B).

15.
√
3x + 3x+1 + 3x+2 = 13 3
√
3x (1 + 3 + 32 ) = 13 3
√ 1
3x = 3 = 3 2
1
x=
2

hence (B).

16. Since the spaces between the numbers are equal

 
1 1 1 3 2 3 1 15 − 11 2
Y = +3× − = − = − = =
20 22 20 22 20 22 10 110 55

hence (D).

17. Alternative 1
1
AC
Using the labelling in the diagram, note that AZ =
4 C
3 1 3 3
and AX = AB. Hence the area of AXZ is × = 2
4 4 4 16
of the area of ABC. 6
The same applies to the other smaller triangles, so their
9 Z 6
combined area is of ABC.
16 2
The smaller equilateral triangle is formed by taking these
three triangles away from the larger equilateral triangle, A 6 X 2 B
7
leaving an area of . So the ratio is 7 : 16,
16
hence (B).
Alternative 2
Subdivide each side of the large triangle into 4, and draw a grid of 16
equilateral triangles to use as area units. Each of the shaded triangles
is half of a parallelogram with area 6, so has area 3.
So the unshaded triangle has area 16 − 9 = 7. Consequently this
7
triangle is the area of the large one,
16
hence (B).

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2022 AMC Senior Solutions67

18. The full square pyramid is 3 times the height of piece P , and is similar to P . Consequently
it has 3 times the width and 3 times the depth, so is 33 = 27 times the volume. That is,
the full square pyramid has volume 27 × 5 = 135 cm3 .
Similarly, the pyramid formed by just P and Q has volume 23 = 8 times the volume of P ,
which is 8 × 5 = 40 cm3 .
Then piece R has volume 135 − 40 = 95 cm3 ,
hence (D).

19. Continuing with some more terms past the initial a1 = 1, a2 = 2:

a2 + 1 2+1
a3 = = =3
a1 1
a3 + 1 3+1
a4 = = =2
a2 2
a4 + 1 2+1
a5 = = =1
a3 3
a5 + 1 1+1
a6 = = =1
a4 2
a6 + 1 1+1
a7 = = =2
a5 1

Since each term only depends on the previous two, the repeat of the pair a1 = a6 = 1
and a2 = a7 = 2 means that the pattern 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, . . . will continue, repeating
every five terms. Consequently a100 = a5 = 1,
hence (A).

20. (Also I21)

Label points as shown, where M is the midpoint
√ of BC. P
Due
√ to Pythagoras’ theorem, P B = P C = 8 2 + 12 =
1
65.
Since P BC is isosceles, P M C has a right angle at M , B A
√ 8
√ 4
and then M P = ( 65)2 − 42 = 49 = 7.
M 8
Then P BC has base BC = 8, altitude M P = 7 and 4
area 12 × 8 × 7 = 28, C
hence (B).

21. Alternative 1
The volume is the dotted cube minus the 8 cut-off pyramids.
√ √ √ √
The side length of the cube is 2 2, so its volume is (2 2)3 = 16 2. 2
2 2
Consider one of the cut-off pyramids. It has three dotted edges,
√ 1√ √
each of length 2. The area of its base is A = 2 2 = 1 and so 2 2 √
√ 2 2
1 2
its volume is Ah = . Since there are 8 identical corners, their √
3 √3 2
8 2
combined volume is .
3

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68 2022 AMC Senior Solutions

√ √
√ 8 2 40 2
Thus the volume of the cuboctahedron is 16 2 − = ,
3 3
hence (B).
Alternative 2
√
As in the first solution, the original cube had squares of side 2 2 and the diagonals of these
√
squares are therefore length 4. We can make 4 vertical cuts to slice it into a 2 × 2 × 2 2
prism plus 4 rectangle-based pyramids, as shown.
√
The volume of the prism is 8 2.
Each of the
√ 4 pyramids
√ has a rectangular base of
area 2×2 2 = 4 2 and perpendicular height 1, as
1 √ 4 1
shown in the top view. So it has volume ×4 2 =
3 2
4√
2.
3 1
Then the volume of the cuboctahedron is
√ √
4√ 24 + 16 √ 40 2
8 2+4× 2= 2=
3 3 3

hence (B).

22. Rearranging the two given equations, we have

b+c f −e
x= and y=
a d
So x must be positive, but y may be negative. In order to minimise x + y, f should be less
than e. The smallest value of y occurs when f = 2, e = 9, and d = 1, giving y = −7. So
x + y is greater than −7.
7
Then with d, e, f as above and b = 3, c = 4, and a = 8, we have x = < 1 so that
8
x + y < −6. Whether or not this is the smallest possible value of x + y, we know that this
smallest value is between −7 and −5,
hence (B).

23. Alternative 1
As we are only concerned with ratios, let the radius of the semicircle be 1. Since the dashed
radii shown below are perpendicular to the corresponding tangent lines,√the large triangle
consists of 4 smaller right-angled isosceles triangles with sides 1, 1 and 2. Consequently
the large triangle has area 2.

1
x

x
2

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2022 AMC Senior Solutions69

Let x be the side-length of the square. From the triangle formed by joining the corner of
 x 2 2
the square to the centre, we have x2 + = 1, giving x = √ . Then the square has area
2 5
4 4
and the required ratio is 5
: 2 = 2 : 5,
5
hence (C).
Alternative 2
Choose a length unit so that the square has side 2, and hence area 4. By symmetry, the
centre of the semicircle is on the midpoint
√ of the lower side of the square. By Pythagoras’
theorem, the semicircle has radius 5. Draw √a copy of the diagram reflected in the diameter
of the √
semicircle, making√ a circle of radius 5 inscribed in a square. This square will have
side 2 5 and area (2 5)2 = 20. Then the original triangle has area 10 and the ratio of
areas is 4 : 10 = 2 : 5,
hence (C).

24. If we start in a corner there are four possibilities:

2 3 6 7 2 3 8 7 2 3 4 5 8 7 6 5
1 4 5 8 1 4 5 6 1 8 7 6 1 2 3 4

It is the same for each of the four corners, giving 16 placements.

If we start in a centre square, there are three possibilities:

3 4 5 8 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4
2 1 6 7 2 1 8 7 8 1 2 3

It is the same for each of the four centre squares giving 12 placements. In total there are
16 + 12 = 28 placements,
hence (D).

6 5
25. After 42 minutes I had gone of the distance and Sally had gone . So Sally’s speed is
11 11
5 6 4
of mine, and she will take × 77 minutes for the trip. After 44 minutes I had gone
6 5 7
3 3 4
and Wally had gone . So Wally’s speed is of mine and he will take × 77 for the trip.
7 4 3
Therefore the time difference will be
 
4 6 154
77 − = ≈ 10 minutes
3 5 15

hence (E).

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70 2022 AMC Senior Solutions

26. (Also J29)

The regular hexagon consists of six equilateral triangles of area 10, which can be used as
a measurement grid.
The diagram shows the only three different (non-congruent) types of triangle that Horton
measures. Using the grid, we can measure each triangle’s area, and by considering rotations
and reflections, we can count how many of each type there are:

Area 10 + 5 + 5 = 20 Area 5 + 5 = 10 Area 6 × 5 = 30

12 of these 6 of these 2 of these

Then the total area of the 20 triangles is

12 × 20 + 6 × 10 + 2 × 30 = 240 + 60 + 60 = 360,

hence (360).

27. Let the square, cube and fourth power be s, c and f , respectively, with f = sc.
We are told s is even, so f is an even fourth power which, to be as small as possible, must
be of the form f = 24 × 34k for some k ≥ 1.
Since c is an odd cube factor of f , it must be of the form c = 33 , so s = 24 × 34k−3 . But
s is a square, so the index 4k − 3 must be non-negative and even.
The smallest solution is when k =  = 2, so s = 24 × 32 = 144, c = 36 = 729, and
s + c = 144 + 729 = 873,
hence (873).

28. Alternative 1
If the terms are a1 , a2 , . . . then an = 12 (an−1 + an+1 ) − 1 so that an−1 + 2an + an+1 = 2. We
can rewrite this equation in the following way an − an−1 + 2 = an+1 − an so the differences
between the two consecutive terms are every time increased by 2. Therefore,
an − an−1 = 2 + an−1 − an−2
= 4 + an−1 − an−2
= ···
= 2(n − 2) + a2 − a1 = 2n

Then
an = a1 + (a2 − a1 ) + (a3 − a2 ) + · · · + (an−1 − an−2 ) + (an − an−1 )
= 2 + 4 + 6 + · · · + 2n
= n(n + 1)

To find the largest value of an = n(n + 1) less than 1000, we note that a30 = 30 × 31 = 930,
then a31 = a30 + 2 × 31 = 992 and a32 = a31 + 2 × 32 = 1056. So 992 is the largest term
less than 1000,
hence (992).

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2022 AMC Senior Solutions71

Alternative 2
a+c
If three successive terms are a, b, c then b = − 1 so that c = 2b − a + 2. Using this
2
rule the sequence continues:
2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, . . .
From this we claim that the nth term is n(n + 1).
Assuming this claim, we need√ the largest value of n(n + 1) less than 1000. Since n(n + 1) =
2 2
n + n ≈ n , we check n ≈ 1000 ≈ 31.6. Then 31 × 32 = 992 and 32 × 33 = 1056 so that
the largest term less that 1000 is 992.
We address the claim by strong induction on n. The statement to be proven is that for
n  1 the nth term is given by the formula n(n + 1). This is true for n = 1, 2. For
n  3, let terms n − 2, n − 1 and n be a, b, c as above, then by the inductive hypothesis,
a = (n − 2)(n − 1) and b = (n − 1)n. Then
c = 2b − a + 2 = 2n(n − 1) − (n − 2)(n − 1) + 2 = n2 + n = n(n + 1)
so that the nth term is n(n + 1), completing the induction.
By strong induction, the claim is confirmed and 992 is the largest term less than 1000,
hence (992).

29. Alternative 1
At the beginning, stage 0, Wayne has the unstamped original. So there is 1 sheet with 0
occurrences of the ‘COPY’ stamp.
After stage 1, he has the unstamped original plus two stamped copies. So there is 1 sheet
with 0 stamps, and 2 sheets with 1 stamp.
After stage 2, he has the unstamped original, the first two copies, and two stamped copies
of each of these. So there is 1 sheet with 0 stamps, 4 sheets with 1 stamp, and 4 sheets
with 2 stamps.
We set up a table to track the number of sheets with a given number of stamps. At each
stage, the number of sheets with k stamps is equal to the number with k stamps at the
previous stage (those which were fed through the copier and not re-stamped) plus twice
the number with k − 1 stamps at the previous stage (the two new copies of each which
gain one extra stamp). Also, there is only ever one copy with no stamps, being the original
sheet of paper. Since we are interested only in the number of copies with 2 stamps, the
important part of the table is as follows:

Number of stamps
Stage
0 1 2
0 1 0 0
1 1 2 0
2 1 4 4
3 1 6 12
4 1 8 24
5 1 10 40
6 1 12 60
7 1 14 84
8 1 16 112

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72 2022 AMC Senior Solutions

So, after 8 stages there are 112 sheets with 2 stamps,

hence (112).
Alternative 2
As well as stamping, suppose Wayne wrote a digit 0, 1 or 2 at each stage, depending on
whether at this stage it is an original, copy 1 or copy 2. He writes these digits on each
page from left to right.
The final stack of 38 pages will have all 8-digit base-3 numerals from 00000000 = 0 to
8
8 = 3 − 1. The pages with two stamps are those with two nonzero digits. There
22222222
are 2 = 28 ways to choose the positions of these two digits. Further, for each choice
of positions, each nonzero digit can be 1 or 2, giving 4 possibilities. In all there are
28 × 4 = 112 possibilities,
hence (112).
Alternative 3
After stage n of the copying process, there are 3n sheets, each with between 0 and n stamps.
The number of pages with each number of stamps is easily worked out from the previous
stage. For instance, if after stage n there are a pages with k stamps and b pages with k + 1
stamps, then after stage n + 1 there will be 2a + b pages with k + 1 stamps. So we can
tabulate:
Stage 0 1 2 3 ... Polynomial
0 1 (1 + 2x)0 = 1
1 1 2 (1 + 2x)1 = 1 + 2x
2 1 4 4 (1 + 2x)2 = 1 + 4x + 4x2
3 1 6 12 8 (1 + 2x)3 = 1 + 6x + 12x2 + 8x3
.. .. ..
. . .

This iterative process is the same as that for the coefficients of xk in (1 + 2x)n shown in
the last column of the table. When multiplying by (1 + 2x), the coefficient of xk+1 in
(1 + 2x)n+1 is twice the coefficient of xk plus the coefficient of xk+1 in (1 + 2x)n .

The x2 term in (1 + 2x)8 is 82 16 (2x)2 = 112x2 , with coefficient 112, and this is also the
number of pages with 2 stamps,
hence (112).

30. Alternative 1
We first calculate how many ways the five runners could finish the race, with each receiving
a different placing to the week before. This is equal to the number of permutations of
A, B, C, D, E such that each symbol is not in its original position. When this permutation
is written in cycle notation, it must be a 5-cycle such as (A, C, E,
5B,
 D) or a 3-cycle and a
2-cycle such as (A, E, D)(B, C). There are 4! = 24 5-cycles and 3 × 2 = 20 permutations
that comprise a 3-cycle and a 2-cycle. Thus, there are 24 + 20 = 44 ways in which the five
runners could receive a different placing to the week before.
Within each of these 44 permutations there will be some “up” runners whose place in the
second race is higher than their place in the first race, and some “down” runners the other
way around.
There is only one possibility with 4 up runners and 1 down runner, with order BCDEA,
corresponding to the 5-cycle (A, E, D, C, B). The reverse permutation gives the only pos-
sibility with 4 down runners and 1 up runner, with order EABCD, corresponding to the
5-cycle (A, B, C, D, E).

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2022 AMC Senior Solutions73

Of the remaining 42 permutations, half have 3 up and 2 down and the other half have 3
down and 2 up. This is because the reversed permutation effectively swaps race 1 and race
2, while turning an increase in placing to a decrease in placing and vice-versa. This creates
a one-to-one correspondence between these two sets of permutations.
Consequently there are 21 possibilities,
hence (21).
Alternative 2
Label the runners A to E, and we’ll use notation like C↑ to mean that C’s place in the
second race is higher than in the first. Then E↑ and A↓.
One other runner will move up in the ranking, giving 3 cases: B↑, C↑ or D↑.
In the first case, B↑, E↑, A↓, C↓ and D↓. The possibilities for the second race are then
shown in Table 1: B must move up to 1st and D must move down to 5th, C down to 4th,
then A and E can go in either order. This gives 2 possibilities.
A↓ B A↓ C E A↓ D D D E E E
B↑ A,E B↓ A,E C B↓ E A,E A,E D A,D A,D
C↓ A,E C↑ A,B,E A,B C↓ B A,E A,B,E B A,D A,B,D
D↓ C D↓ A,B,E A,B D↑ C C A,B,E C C A,B
E↑ D E↑ D D E↑ A B C A B C
2 4 2 1 2 4 1 2 3
Table 1 Table 2 Table 3
Table 2 summarises possibilities if C↑, E↑, A↓, B↓ and D↓. D must move down to 5th, and
only C or E can end up 1st, so we consider those separately. If C is 1st then 2nd must be
A or E. Also B must be 3rd or 4th. This gives the 4 possibilities. If E is first, then C must
be 2nd. This leaves A and B for 3rd and 4th as shown. So Table 2 includes 6 possibilities.
Table 3 summarises possibilities if D↑, E↑, A↓, B↓ and C↓. The 6 columns consider the
6 subcases based on 1st and 5th positions. Note that C must finish 4th or 5th, so the
subcases where A or B finish 5th must have C finishing 4th, giving very few possibilities.
Summing up these 6 subcases gives 1 + 2 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 = 13 possibilities.
In all, we have counted 2 + 6 + 13 = 21 possibilities,
hence (21).

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74 2022 AMC Answer Key

Answer Key

Middle Upper
Question Junior Intermediate Senior
Primary Primary
1 C E E C C
2 D D C A B
3 B C B B E
4 B B D A E
5 A C D B A
6 D A B C C
7 E E E C E
8 B C D E A
9 C E B A D
10 A A A D C
11 B D C A B
12 E E C C C
13 B D E D D
14 A A C E B
15 B D D D B
16 B C C C D
17 E D A D B
18 E A B C D
19 D B D D A
20 C C D C B
21 C B C B B
22 E E C B B
23 C B C B C
24 C A C D D
25 D E A E E
26 258 56 497 475 360
27 138 405 27 999 873
28 990 151 47 784 992
29 56 150 360 15 112
30 151 189 784 64 21

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 AMC 2022 SOLUTIONS

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