OST CASE STUDIES

Submission Status To be submitted

Status In progress
Apache Web Server
Introduction of Software
Features and Functionalities
Minimum requirements needed to run Software (cover hardware
configuration also)
Applications
Versions
Installation procedure
Account creation
Linux
Introduction of Software
Features and Functionalities
Minimum requirements needed to run Software (cover hardware
configuration also)
Applications
Versions
Installation procedure
Account creation
Updates
Android
Introduction of Software
Features and Functionalities
Minimum requirements needed to run Software (cover hardware
configuration also)
Applications
Versions
Installation procedure
Account creation
Mozilla
Wikipedia
Drupal
WordPress

OST CASE STUDIES 1

 GCC
GitHub
LibreOffice
GDB

FYCS please note topics to be covered in case

studies

1. Introduction of Software

2. Features and Functionalities

3. Minimum requirements needed to run Software

(cover hardware configuration also)

4. Applications

5. Versions

6. Installation procedure if any

7. Account creation if any

8. Updates if any

Apache Web Server

Introduction of Software

1. Apache Web Server, often simply referred to as Apache, is a

widely-used open-source web server software that plays a
crucial role in serving web content on the internet.

2. It's known for its flexibility and extensive features.

3. Apache is particularly popular for hosting websites and web

applications due to its stability and ability to support
various programming languages and technologies.

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 4. Apache Web Server is the engine that powers your blog's
presence on the internet, ensuring that your content is
delivered swiftly and reliably to your audience.

Features and Functionalities

1. Apache is open-source software, which means it's freely

available for anyone to use and modify. This open nature has
led to a vast community of developers and contributors,
ensuring continuous improvement and security updates.

2. Apache is platform-independent, making it suitable for

various operating systems like Linux, Windows, macOS, and
more. For example, you can use Apache on both a Linux and
Windows server to host your website.

3. Apache supports virtual hosting, allowing multiple websites

to run on a single server with a single IP address. Each
website can have its own configuration and domain name. This
is especially useful if you want to host multiple websites on
a single server.

Minimum requirements needed to run Software (cover

hardware configuration also)

Hardware:

CPU: Basic single-core processor (multi-core for concurrent

requests).

RAM: 512MB - 1GB (more for larger websites).

Storage: A few gigabytes for web files, databases, and logs.

Software:

Operating System: Compatible with Linux, Windows, macOS, etc.

Dependencies: Vary based on configuration (e.g., OpenSSL for

SSL).

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 Applications

1. Apache is widely used for hosting websites of all sizes, from

personal blogs to large e-commerce platforms. It can serve
static content and handle dynamic content generated by
languages like PHP, Python, and Ruby.

2. Apache can act as a reverse proxy server, forwarding requests

to backend application servers. This is useful for load
balancing and routing requests to the appropriate server.

3. Popular blogging platforms like WordPress and Joomla can be

hosted on Apache servers, making them accessible to a global
audience.

Versions

1. Apache 1.0: Released on December 1, 1995, Apache 1.0 was the

initial release of the Apache HTTP Server. It marked the
beginning of the Apache project's journey.

2. Apache 1.3: Released on June 6, 1998, Apache 1.3 was a

significant milestone and one of the most widely used
versions of Apache for many years. It introduced several
features and performance improvements.

3. Apache 2.0: Released on April 6, 2002, Apache 2.0 brought

substantial changes and enhancements, including support for
multi-threading and improved performance.

Installation procedure
Download Apache: Get the Windows version of Apache from Apache
Lounge (choose 32-bit or 64-bit).

Extract Files: Unzip the downloaded file to a directory (e.g.,

C:\Apache24 ).

Configure: Open C:\Apache24\conf\httpd.conf in a text editor, make any

needed configurations, and save the file.

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 Test Configuration: Open Command Prompt (cmd) as administrator
and run:

C:\Apache24\bin\httpd.exe -t

Install as Service: Run this command in Command Prompt:

C:\Apache24\bin\httpd.exe -k install

Start Apache: Use Command Prompt or Windows Services to start

Apache.

Account creation

1. Creating an account is not typically required for installing

and using Apache Web Server on your own server or computer.

2. Apache is an open-source software, and you can set it up

without the need for an account or user registration.

Linux
Introduction of Software

1. Linux is a widely used, open-source operating system kernel

that serves as the foundation for numerous operating systems,
known as Linux distributions or "distros”.

2. It was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since become

a powerful and versatile platform with a rich history.

3. Linux is open-source software, which means its source code is

freely available for anyone to view, modify, and distribute.

Features and Functionalities

OST CASE STUDIES 5

 1. Free and Open-Source: Linux is free to use, and its source
code is openly available. This means anyone can modify and
share it.

2. Stability: Linux is known for its stability and reliability.

It can run for long periods without needing to be restarted,
making it great for servers.

3. Security: Linux is resistant to viruses and malware, making

it a secure choice for both personal and server use.

Minimum requirements needed to run Software (cover

hardware configuration also)

Processor (CPU): Modern single-core CPU.

RAM: 1GB (2GB+ for feature-rich desktops).

Storage: 10-20GB free space.

Graphics: Integrated or dedicated GPU recommended.

Display: 1024x768 resolution or higher.

Input Devices: Keyboard and mouse.

Internet: Ethernet or Wi-Fi adapter.

Software: Linux distribution, desktop environment, and

required applications.

Applications

1. Web Servers: Linux is the dominant choice for hosting web

servers. Popular web server software like Apache, Nginx, and
LiteSpeed are often used on Linux servers to host websites
and web applications.

2. Cloud Computing: Linux is the foundation of many cloud

platforms, including Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud
Platform (GCP), and Microsoft Azure. Linux instances are
widely used for cloud computing tasks.

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 3. Database Servers: Linux is commonly used for running database
servers such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, and MongoDB. These
databases power many web and enterprise applications.

Versions

1. Ubuntu:

User-Friendly: Known for its ease of use and user-friendly

interface.

Regular Releases: Provides both Long-Term Support (LTS)

and regular releases.

Wide Software Repository: Offers access to a vast

selection of software.

2. Debian:

Stability: Emphasizes stability and reliability.

Community-Driven: Developed by a dedicated community of

volunteers.

Package Management: Uses the APT package manager.

3. CentOS:

Enterprise-Grade: Known for stability and often used in

enterprise environments.

Free and Open Source: Offers a free version of RHEL

without the subscription fees.

LTS: CentOS Stream provides a more rolling-release model.

Installation procedure

1. Choose Distribution: Select your preferred Linux

distribution.

2. Create Bootable Media: Make a bootable USB or DVD from the

downloaded ISO file.

OST CASE STUDIES 7

 3. Boot from Media: Restart your computer and boot from the USB
or DVD.

4. Follow Installer: Select language, partition your disk, set

time zone, create a user account, and install a bootloader
(like GRUB).

5. Complete Installation: Let the installer copy files and set

up your system.

6. Reboot: Remove the installation media and restart your

computer.

Account creation

1. User Account Setup:

During the installation, you'll be prompted to create a

user account. This account will be a regular user with
standard privileges.

2. Provide User Information:

You'll need to provide the following information for the

user account:

Username: Choose a unique username for your account.

Password: Set a secure password for the account.

Full Name: Optionally, you can provide your full name.

3. Administrator Privileges (Optional):

You may have the option to grant administrator privileges

to this user during the installation. This allows the user
to run administrative tasks using the "sudo" command.

4. Login and Usage:

After completing the installation and rebooting your

system, you can log in using the username and password you
created. This user account is used for day-to-day
activities and software installations.

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 Updates

1. Check for Updates: Regularly check for available updates

using your distribution's package manager. This ensures your
system stays current with the latest features, bug fixes, and
security patches.

2. Apply Updates: Once you've identified available updates,

apply them to your system. Prioritize security updates to
protect your system from vulnerabilities.

3. Reboot When Necessary: Some updates, particularly kernel

updates, may require a system reboot to take effect. Be
prepared to reboot your system if prompted.

Android
Introduction of Software

1. Android is an open-source operating system designed primarily

for mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets.

2. It's developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance, a

consortium of tech companies.

3. Android has become one of the most widely used mobile

operating systems globally.

Features and Functionalities

1. User-Friendly Interface:

Android offers an intuitive and user-friendly interface, with

easy navigation, customizable home screens, and widgets for
quick access to information.

2. App Ecosystem:
The Google Play Store hosts millions of applications,
offering a wide range of functionalities, from productivity

OST CASE STUDIES 9

 and communication apps to entertainment, gaming, and utility
apps.

3. Customization:

Users can extensively customize their Android devices,

including changing wallpapers, themes, and system-level
settings. Widgets and shortcuts provide quick access to
essential features.

Minimum requirements needed to run Software (cover

hardware configuration also)

Processor: A modern ARM or x86 processor with at least one

core.

RAM: 512MB minimum (2GB or more recommended).

Storage: 8GB minimum (microSD card for additional storage).

Graphics: Basic 2D graphics support (better GPU for gaming

and multimedia).

Display: 480x800 pixels minimum.

Touchscreen: Capacitive touchscreen.

Battery: Rechargeable battery.

Sensors: Accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, etc.

Internet: Wi-Fi and cellular data support.

Audio: Speakers and microphones.

Camera (Optional): Some devices include cameras.

Ports and Connectivity: USB, Bluetooth, NFC, HDMI, as needed.

Applications

1. Smartphones and Tablets: Android is most commonly known for

powering smartphones and tablets, providing a user-friendly
interface and access to a vast ecosystem of mobile apps.

OST CASE STUDIES 10

 2. Mobile Apps: Android hosts millions of mobile applications,
ranging from productivity and social networking to gaming and
entertainment.

3. Smart TVs: Some smart TVs and set-top boxes run on Android,
offering streaming services, apps, and a familiar interface
on large screens.

Versions

1. Android 1.0 (2008): The initial release of Android introduced

features like the Android Market (now Google Play Store), web
browser, and support for basic apps.

2. Android 1.5 (Cupcake, 2009): Cupcake brought features like an

on-screen keyboard, widgets, and video recording.

3. Android 5.0/5.1 (Lollipop, 2014): Lollipop brought Material

Design, improved notifications, and multi-user support for
phones.

Installation procedure

1. Android is typically pre-installed on smartphones and tablets

by manufacturers, so users don't need to perform a separate
installation.

2. However, if you're working with Android on a different

platform, such as an emulator or custom hardware, here's a
general overview of the installation procedure:

a. Download Android SDK: Get the Android SDK from the

official developer website.

b. Install JDK: Install Java Development Kit (JDK) if not

already installed.

c. Install Android Studio (Optional): Use Android Studio for

a complete development environment.

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 d. Set Up Emulator (Optional): Create an Android Virtual
Device (AVD) if using an emulator.

e. Custom Hardware (Optional): Ensure hardware meets Android

requirements or flash Android onto it.

f. Launch Android: Start the emulator or connect custom

hardware.

g. Set Up Android: Follow on-screen instructions for initial

Android setup.

h. Use Android: Once set up, use Android on the emulator or

custom hardware.

Account creation
When setting up an Android device or emulator, you typically
need to create or sign in with a Google account.

1. You'll be prompted to either sign in with an existing Google

account or create a new one if you don't have an account.

2. If creating a new account, you'll provide your name, and

email address, and create a secure password. Verification may
be necessary through email or phone.

3. During setup, you'll be asked to accept Google's terms of

service and privacy policy.

4. Once your Google account is set up, you gain access to Google
services like the Play Store, Gmail, and Google Drive on your
Android device.

5. If needed, you can add extra email accounts or third-party

services to your device, expanding its functionality.

Mozilla

OST CASE STUDIES 12

 Wikipedia

Drupal

WordPress

GCC

GitHub

LibreOffice

GDB

OST CASE STUDIES 13