LEXICAL CLOZE TESTS

1. A PLACE WITH A DIFFERENCE

This is a place where people of all ages can come and be entertained and
never w ant to (1) ____ . It is Disneyland, (2) ____ outside Paris, espe-
cially ( 3 ) _____ to provide the best for Europe and the (4 ) ______ _ of its
new guests. The park is (5) _ into five areas, each one representing a special
theme. (6 ) _____ in a film, the (7 )______ are taken along through a series of
magical sets to relive the past, visit wonderful faraway places ( 8 )_______of
excitement and fantasy, and even ( 9 ) _____ into the future. The trees that
have been (10) _____ around the park protect the guest from the real world
outside. The resort area, beyond the park, has six hotels to suit the needs of
every guest.
In (1 1 )_____ to these six hotels there are campsites and fully equipped
caravans for rental. There'is no (12) ■ of sporting opportunities and,
besides many health clubs in the actual hotels, there is a variety of fascinat-
ing nature trails you may (13 )_____ to follow. The Disneyland Resort is eas-
ily (14 )_____ by road or rail. Whichever way you choose to arrive, you will
be (15)______enough to enjoy all the wonderful things that the park has to
offer.

1. A. set off B. go c. depart D, leave

2. A. nearly B. almost c. just D. recently
3. A. created B. composed c. consisted ð. placed
4. A. rights B. demands c. consideration D. dealings
5. A. divided B. distributed c. calculated D. shared
6. A. Whereas B As if c Unless D. Wherever
7. A. staff B. teams c. members D. guests
8. A. complete B. crowded c. full D. packed
A. look B. go c. run D .tu rn
10. A- dug B. planted c. grown D. stuck
11. A. answer B. reply c. addition D. debt
12. A. supply B. quantity c. amount D. shortage
-V13. A. expect 6. hope c. wish D. order
t 14. A. contacted B. arrived c. entered D. reached
A. unhurried B. relaxed c. easy D. lazy

2 . WITHOUT TV
The most radical thing we have ever done is not have a TV in our house.
Since 99.1 percent of American Cl)_____ cannot make this claim, it may be
( 2 ) _____ some interest to know why. Certainly, our (3) ______of a televi-

1Ó0
 sion has created ( 4 ) _____ curiosity, puzzlement, and anger ( 5 )_______the
people we know, and I suspect even more of these (6) _____ behind our
backs. ‘If the Wetherells get (7 )_____ without a TV, why can’t we?’
We did have a television during the first days of our marriage. Ị remem-
ber the dizzy way the (8 )_____ flickered across the screen. A few days later,
after I (9 ) ______my senses, we took the set to our local dump, (10) _____
hands in satisfaction and have been without one ever (11)_____ .
Now that my TV watching days are (12) ______ me, I can afford to be nos-
talgic towards it all. I remember those nights when the whole family used to
sit in the living room watching Ed Suỉlivan, one (13 )____ _ light left on in
the corner, laughing (14 )_____ the comedians before the (1 5 )__________came
on. Nevertheless, even warmer and more precious in memory wil) be these
quiet, peaceful years with no TV at all.

1. A. households B. housewives c. holdalls D. houseworks

t 2- A. at B. for c. of D. in
A- shortage B. lack c. need D. absence
*4. A.large B. big c. high D. great
5. A. within B. between c. among D. inside
' 6. A. beliefs B. emotions c. opinions D. thoughts
7. A .over B. on c. by D. away
8. A. images B. drawings c. icons D. movies
9. A- re-established B. recovered c. overcame D. got
10. A- waved B. tightened c. moved D.shook
11. A. since B. again c. afterwards D. before
12. A. p a s t . B. behind c. over ỵ D. away
13. A. smooth ^ B. peaceful c. tender D. soft
14. A. at B. for c. with D. by
15. A. announcements B. publications c. commercials D. clips

3. A TYPICAL DAY
Nowadays, country kitchens are not very different from those in the city.
(1) - . j in the past the differences could easily be (2) _____ By the
1940s most city homes had gas or electric cookers (3) ___ _but in the coun-
try the farm er’s wife still (4) _____ on a fuel cooker. This gave her
more because she had to (5)
work a t five o’clock in the morning and enter
the kitchen with a candle which was always kept (6) _____ - She then re-
moved the ashes from the cooker and got some newspaper and pieces of wooc
from the box (7) the side of the kitchen door.
Next, th e kettle was filled and put over the fire in (8) _____to make thí
first pot of tea of the day. Once this was (9) _ she made sure she (10'
_____ fed the animals (11) ______the left-overs and then got ( 1 2 ) ______
with breakfast. After breakfast the plates would be (13 )_____ and mon
10'
wood put in the cooker. The only opportunity she had to rest next to the fire
was after dinner. This (i.4) of lighting the cooker was repeated every
day. Wood was used in (15 )_____ of petrol till the Second World War.
1. A- However B. in spite of c. Because D. Despite
2. A- glimpsed B. noticed c. understood D. made
3. A. bought B. put c. connected D. installed
4. A. cooked B. stirred c. boiled D. baked
5. A. raise B. arise c. rise D. get
6. A. handy ‘B. far c. obvious D. reachable
7. A. close B. next c by D. outside
8. A- so far as B. order c. view D.case
9. A. ended B. fulfilled c. used up D. done
10. A. often B. sometimes c. always D. seldom
11. A. at B. in c. without D. on
12 A. down B. away c. on D. along
13. A. cleaned B. removed c. polished D. washed
14. A. time B. process c. procession D. progress
15. A. place B. exchange c. favour D. position

4. CORRECTING HISTORY
Is thế history of the world in urgent need of correction? Some historians,
mostly women, argue that insufficient ( 1 )_____ has been paid to a very im-
portant group: women. These historians (2) _____ history textbooks to be
revised so th a t they show accurately the role ( 3 ) _____ by women (4
)______ the history books, cavemen ( 5 ) _____ most of the food for their
families through hunting animals. But the ( 6 ) _____ shows th at 80% of the
diet of prehistoric humans was vegetarian and it was collected by
females. (7)
_____ women’s efforts in fighting in wars or leading revolutions have been
ignored. Textbooks concentrate on men such as Hannibal or Che Guevara
and neglect (8) ____ _ women such as Théroigne cỉe Méricourt, an opera
singer who led the storming of the Bastille in 1789, or Mariya Bochkareva, a
Bolshevik who organised a well-trained and (9) _____ successful troop of
are also forgotten. Between 962 and 1582 there were at least 16 women rul-
ers in countries (10) _____ from Italy to Angola. Women (11)______ up half
the human (12) ______. If there is no (13) _____ to their contribution to
history in the textbooks, then the real story is not being told. However, many
male historians ( 1 4 ) ______that important female figures have been kept
(15 )_____ the .history books.

1. A. care B. attention c. notice D. study

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2. A. want * B. demand c. hope D. ask
3 A. done B. got c. played D. had
4. A. Depending on B. Agreeing with c. Owing to D. According to
5. A. arranged B. brought c. provided D. gave
6. A- sign B. fact c. proof D. evidence
7. A. In the end B. In addition c. In tim e D. In other words
8 A. main B. particular c. outstanding D. primary
9. A. highly B. deeply c. absolutely D. strongly
10. A. differing B. varying c. separating - D. ranging
11. A. make B. hold c. count D. take
12. A. being B. nation c. race D. people
13. A. mention .B- reference c. record D. note
14. A- refuse B. forbid c. oppose D. deny
15. A. out of B. off c. in D. up with

5. SPONSORING GREAT ATHLETIC EVENTS

In the 1998 World Cup, sports fans around the world (1) , various
battles between (2) _____ football rivals but also between the companies
th a t sponsored them.
Nike sponsored Brazil. Adidas sponsored France. While the teams (3)
______for the biggest prize in football, the two companies tried to win the
biggest battle, the battle of the (4) ______as 500 million people from 195
countries ( 5 ) ______in to watch the greatest footballers in the world. After-
wards, the sportswear companies’ hope was for people to go out and buy
some new kits. Adidas paid $20 million for the privilege of being a(n) (6)
______sponsor of the 1998 World Cup. and so one might have ( 7 )________it
would have had the greatest presence at the (8 ) _.
Sometimes, however, sponsoring doesn’t (9) _____ the company much
good. Other' times, the sponsors’ advertising ( 1 0 ) _____ are very original.
Nike has claimed th at if sponsors really want to (11 )______athletes, they
can’t turn (12 )______only for the photo opportunities and the media events
and smile and ( Í 3 ) ______for the cameras. They have to accept the
whole ( 14 ) ______with its spitting, swearing, sweating and blister-breaking.
Theyhave to (15 )_____ used to it.
just

1. A. remarked B. attended c. viewed D. witnessed

2 A. brutal B. fierce c. cruel ð. savage
3. A. competed B. contested c. struggled D. strove
4. A. m arks B. brands c. types D. makes
5. A. tuned B. adjusted c. regulated D. switched
6. A. formal B. official c. typical D. licensed
7. A. accepted B. attempted c. assumed D. confirmed
8. A. tournam ent B. set c. match D. round
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9. A. carry B. make c. perform D. do
10. A. exhibitions B. missions c. expeditions D. campaigns
11, A. support B. prop c. strengthen D. provide
12. A. forward B. in c. on D. up
13. A .stand B. look c. pose D. model
14. A. packet B. package c. bunch D. pile
15. A. be B. become c. get D. make

6. A UNIQUE WAY TO SE E THE WORLD

The Grant family are travelling round the world by horse-drawn caravan.
They have ( 1 ) ______Ulan Bator, the capital of Mongolia, more than
12,000
kilometres away from their standing point in Scotland, Four years ago they
(2) their red and green wooden caravan to Holland, where they
bought their first horse, Offy. The caravan is (3) _____ large enough for
David, his wife, Kate, and their three children, Torcuil, Fionn and Eilidh,
and ( 4 ) _____ ^things like the children’s school books. Offy ( 5 ) _____ to pull
them as far as France, where Traceur, a strongei* horse, had to ( 6 )__________.
Traceur can walk about 1& kilometres a day, but the ( 7 ) _____ has not al-
ways turned (8) _____ as the Grants planned. In Slovenia they became
caught up in a civil war and the 14.days they had intended to (9) -
there became 14 months. Life in the (10) - air has not always been
easy. They have suffered (11) _____ of cold (-28°C) in Kazakhstan, and of
heat in Mongolia’s grasslands. Fortunately the family have generally (12)
' in good health, although Eilidh broke her ankle in Italy and her arm
in the Ukraine. Soon they will leave Ulan Bator and (13J_______ for Beijing
and then the Pacific (14 )_____ , where they will (15 )______ a boat to Can-
ada. It will be another two years before the family arrives back home.

1. A. reached B. come c. got D. arrived

2. A. conducted B. fetched c. transported D. led
3. A. neither B. scarcely c. rather D. rarely
4 A. urgent B. main c. unavoidable D. essential
5. A. achieved B. could c. managed D. succeeded
6. A. take over B. pick up c. take off D. hold up
7. A. excursion B. journey c. travel D. voyage
8. A. out B. on c. into D. ap
9. A. fill B. occupy c.spend D. use
10. A. natural B. outside c. outdoor D. open
11. A. depths B. extremes c. heights D. limits
12. A. lasted • ,B. maintained c. rested D. remafried
13. A. cross Ẽ. direct c. head D. travel
14. A. beach . ĨÌ. shore * c. seaside D. coast
15- A. catch B. drive c. float D. ride
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7. T O U R IS M

Around 200 million people are employed in tourism worldwide, making it

the largest industry in the modem global economy. I t is estimated that
three-quarters of a billion people (1 )_____ on holiday each year, and indus-
try planners (2) _____ this figure to double by 2020. Some of the biggest
beneficiaries arc less developed countries, ( 3 ) _____ it is often their main
source of income.
(4 )______, along- with the economic benefits, this mass movement of peo-
ple has resulted in threats ( 5 ) _____ the environment. People often forget
the damage caused by carbon emissions from aircraft, which ( 6 )_______di-
rectly to global warming. Deforestation has cleared ( 7 ) _____ in order to
build hotels, airports and roads, and this has destroyed wildlife. In some ar-
eas, water shortages are now common (8 )______ of the need to fill swimming
pools and water (9) _____ : courses for tourists. By pushing up prices for
goods and services, tourism can aiso be (10)______ to the people who live in
tourist destinations.
In response to these concerns, some travel operators now offer environ-
ment friendly holidays. Many of these aim to reduce the negative (11)_____
of tourism by promoting only hotels that have (12 )_____ in equipment to
recycle waste and use energy and water efficiently. Increasingly, tourists are
also being reminded to show respect (13 )_____ the customs of the people
(14 )______countries they are going to visit, and to support local businesses,
such as restaurants and shops, which depend (15 )_____ tourism for their
main income.

1. A. go B. leave c. move D. travel

% A. hope B. believe c. expect D. think
3 A. which B. where c. whom D. when
4. A- However B. Although ,c. Therefore D. Furthermore
5. A. at B. to c. for D. on
6. A. act B. result c. cause D. contribute
7. A. land B. earth c. space D. place
8. A. thanks B. due c. because D. since
9. A. tennis B. golf c. riding D. volleyball
10. A. dangerous B. destructive c. offensive D. harmful
11. A. effects B. reasons c. objectives D. achievements
12. A. installed B. chosen c. invested D. bought
13. A. for B. to c. with D. a t
14. A. whom B. their C- that D. Whose
15. A. from B. on •c. of D. to
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 8. C O S M E T IC S U R G E R Y

What makes someone decide on plastic surgery? An actor explains: “I (1)

_____ after my father in appearance. His nose is big but mine was huge, and
it got me ( 2 ) _____ . I cduldn’t ( 3 ) _____ _ a normal life. At school, the
other children ( 4 ) _____ jokes about my nose, and I (5 )______ stand seeing
myself in television plays. I thought 1 looked like a monster! The nose caused
health problems as well: because of its shape, Ĩ couldn’t breathe ( 6 ) ______,
and I had a permanent ( 7 )__throat.
“The doctor ( 8 ) _____ I should have an operation. I was nervous but my
wife ( 9 ) ______me. The operation went well, but my whole face (10 )______
afterwards and Ĩ had two terrible black eyes. I had to keep the bandage on
my nose for a while and the (11) _____ didn’t disappear for ages. It was
months before I dared return to work. “But I ’m not (12) ' in the result.
My breathing problems have (13 ) _____ and I no longer feel self-conscious
or (14 )______about my appearance. I only regret I didn’t go into the design
of my nose in greater (15) _____ . I chose a purely practical nose, but now I
would rather have a more beautiful one. I suppose th at sounds vain!”

1. A. ask B. go c. look D. take

2. A-off B. down c. over D. through
3. A- direct B. spend c. produce D. lead
4. A- did . B. laughed c. made D. spoke
5- A. didn’t B. couldn’t c. shouldn’t D. wouldn’t
6- A. properly B. exactly c. justly D. accurately
7. A. h u rt B. ill c. sick D. sore
8. A. suggested B. persuaded c. advised D. told
9. A. recommended B. moved c. encouraged D. relieved
10. A. harmed B. ached c. injured D. pained
11. A. scratches B. damages c. bruises D. sprains
12- A. disappointed B. disgusted c. displeased D. dissatisfied
13. A. cleared up B. set off c. passed out D. fallen through
14. A. embarrassed B. depressing c. disturbing D. excited
15. A. detail B. feature c. part D. point

9. MY FR IE N D ’S WEDDING
My friends Laura and Ian got married last Saturday. It was a lovely (1)
_____ . The music was wonderful and the ( 2 ) __ _____sang beautifully. The
(3) looked absolutely stunning in a white siỉk dress with pearls
around the neckline. She was tarrying a ( 4 ) _____ of roses and orchids. She
had asked her three sisters to be ( 5 ) _____ and they looked very pretty as
well. There was one awkward moment when it seemed that the ( 6 )
______ could not find the rings, but in the end it turned out that he was
only pre-
tending not to know where they were. T he (7 )_.____was held in a huge ten t
on the village green.. Ail the (8 )_____ enjoyed themselves thoroughly. There
were some very funny (9) ______ as well. I bet Eaura and Ian got a surprise
when they drove off to go on their ( 10 ) _____ and heard all those tin cans
that we had tied õn the back of their car. Ian had to ( 1 1 ) _____ to stop all
the noise. Laura actually looked a bit ( 12 )_____ but we only did'it for fun.
No one knows exactly where they’ve gone but a friend is ( 1 3 )________after
Ian’s flat until they get back. They're planning to live there until they (14)
_____ _ something á bit (15)______

1. A. marriage B. wedding c. matrimony D. engagement

2. A. singers B. organist c. choir D. band
3. A. wife B. bride c . fiance D. groom
4. A. bunch B. branch c. collection D. bouquet
5. A. bridesmaids B. companions c . assistants D. helpers
6. A. best friend B. best man c. best boy D. best fellow
7. A. reception B. meal c. food D. party
8. A. hosts B. invited c . guests D. friends
9. A. talks B. speaking c. discourses D. speeches
10. A* holiday B. vacation c. honeymoon D. break
11. A. slow out B. slow dofrn c. slow through D. slow over
12. A. annoying B. annoy c . annoys D.annoyed
13. A. taking B. going c. looking D. watching
14. A. find B. are finding c . found D. will find
15. A. more big B. big -C. biggest D. bigger

10. THE MEDIA

Lately I seem to be so tired at the end of the day that I can't even manage
to read the ( 1 ) ______in the newspaper before I s tart to fall asleep. I used to
read the papers from cover to cover and discuss the stories, articles and the
(2 )____ _ with my colleagues a t work the next day. I also used to enjoy doing
the crossword ( 3 ) ______at the back of the newspaper and I used to get a
laugh out of some of the ( 4 ) _____ . Of course I always buy quality papers
and not those dreadful things full of gossip and ( 5 ) _____ . It seems incredi-
ble to me that they have (6) ______ figures in the millions when they really
are rubbish.
I don’t watch much TV though there seem to be more and more (7)
______to choose from all the time. Unfortunately, you have to pay or buy a
special (8 )______to receive most of them. They do have some good films and
some really excellent (9) . so I am sometimes tempted to spend the ex-
tra money. O n the other hand, there is so (10 )______information available
on the Internet that TV will probably disappear altogether in a few years
time. I ’ve got a computer with an Internet connection and I spend quite a lot
107
of time looking- for information about the various ( 1 1 ) ______that interest
me.
I also still listen to a lot of news (12 )_____ on the radio and this lets me
keep up with w hat’s going on in the world. One thing that annoys me,
though, is that the (13 )_____ seem to change all the time and sometimes I
have a lot of trouble finding my favourite station. Of course the problem
could be thát I haven’t got the (14) in the right_position. That re-
minds me. I must remember to get some new (15) . I could hardly
hear a thing when I tried to tune in this morning so they must be. running
out.

1. A. headings B. headlines c. captions D. titles

2. A. opinion B. comment c. editorial D. criticism
3. A. games B. puzzles C- tasks D. activities
4. A. drawings B. comics c. cartoons D. sketches
5. A. scandal B. dishonour c. embarrassment D. shame
6. A. selling B. distribution c. issue D. circulation
7. A. canals B. channels c. chains D. numbers
8. A. antenna B. plate c. disk D. pole
9. A. documents B. documentals c. documentaries D. documented
10. A. many B. a lot c. a deal D: much
11. A. subjects B. matters c. themes D. sections
12. A. proclamations B. publications c. announcements 0 . broadcasts
13 A. frequencies B. positions C: channels D .routes
14. A. control B. aerial c. battery D. dial
15. A. pills B. charges c. batteries D. electricity

11. SH O P TILL YOU DROP!

Attitudes towards shopping have changed dramatically over the last decade
or so. There was a time when shopping was a means to an end, not an occu-
pation in its own right. Some people argue th at we haye become a society of
big-time ( 1 ) ______, and th at nothing but spending money makes us happy.
On the other ( 2 ) _____ , anyone who has worked hard to ( 3 )__________money
surely has the right to spend it (4 )_____ whatever they wish. Provided that
we are prepared to (5) ______enough of our money for a rainy day, there.
seems little wrong with using the rest to ( 6 ) _____ for things th at give us
pleasure. For some people, however, spending money has become a serious
business. It will take more than à few home (7) _____ to persuade them that
they should not do this. The delights of shopping are all too obvious. Attrac-
tive displays of food on supermarket (8) ______ , and clothes which look fan-
tastic on shop window models, tempt ( 9 ) _____ to part with their money,
even if they do not actually need the (10) .they are buying. The real
question is: would we all be happier if we were (11 )______ ? The answer is
108
probably th a t we can be just as happy with money as we can without it.
However, now th at many companies are branching out (12 )______the teen-
age market, and selling to teenagers has (13)_____ into a huge industry, we
need to be aware of the kind of pressures being (14 )_____ on parents and
children alike. Perhaps what we should do is make an effort tó return to the
things that really m atter in life and (15) _____ what we have worked so
hard to obtain with others less fortunate than ourselves.

1. A. consumers B. producers c. suppliers D. manufacturers

2. A- face B. side c. hand D. view
3. A. beat B. gain win D. earn
4. A- for B. on c. with p. at
5. A. put through B. put off c. put out D. put by
6. A. buy B. spend c. pay D. purchase
7. A- truths B. suggestions c. warnings D. recommendations
8. A. beams B. shelves c. stores D. foundations
9. A. audiences B. spectators c. customers D. consultants
10. A. sales. B. goods c. resources D. incomes
11. A. worthless B. useless c. pointless D. penniless
12. A. into B. round c . about D. through
13. A. become B. grown c. raised D. lifted
14. A. put B. done c. sent D. made
15. A. part B. receive c. hand D. share

12. FEN G SH UI - POSITIVE FEELIN G S CHINESE STYLE

Recently, the Feng Shui business has been booming as more and more
people ( 1 ) _____ an interest in Asian culture and lifestyles' Whether people
are ( 2 )______ Feng Shui experts or simply buying books and trying it out for
themselves, there is no (3 )_____ that, in the West, in the last few years the
idea of Feng Shui has really (4 )________off.
So what exactly is Feng Shui? Well, it is a Chinese art form that is con-
cerned ( 5 ) ______the way you arrange the rooms and the furniture in your
house. It is believed th at organising these things correctly will 6)_______you
happiness and good luck.
In the UK there are currently about 300 Feng Shui consultants. They will
( 7 ) _____to your house or office and give you advice 8 ) ______ on your
life- and date of birth. According to one such expert, I ( 9 ) ____ install an
style
aquarium with six black and one red goldfish in my living room in order (10)
_____ absorb bad vibes. He also told me to ( 1 1 ) _____ attention to one of
my windows. He advised me to put plants on the window SỈ11 to (12 )_____
the loss of positive energy. Thè real “weak spot” in my house, however, was
the cooker He reassured me that hanging some dried vegetables above it
would solve the (13) _.
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 W hether you ( 1 4 ) ______ in the power o f Feng S hui or not, it is
certainly having a major impact on the (15) thousands of people organise
homes.

1. A. take B. do c . make D. give

2. A. requesting B. asking c. consulting D. advising
3. A. worry B. doubt c . problem D. fear
4. A. made B. driven c . taken D. started
5. A. with B. of c . in D. through
6. A. carry B. give c. make D. bring
7. A. call B. come c. visit D. look
8. A- based B. put c. held D. carried
9. A. ought B. need c. have D. must
10. A. for B. as c . to D. that
11 A. give B. pay c. have D. put
12 A. keep B. delay c . prevent D. finish
13 A. fault B. error c . mistake D. problem
14 A. aceept B. believe c. agree D. rely
15. A. way B. manner c. style D. point

13. HOLIDAY COMPLAINTS

There are too many people in Britain today who are ready to complain
rather than enjoy their holidays and who (1 ) _____ the word about how easy
it is to ( 2 )_____ money back from the travel industry which appears to have
become paralysed with fear over bad (3 ) _.
I recently heard a middle-aged woman protesting bitterly that she had
had to pay for the ( 4 ) ______of a golf cart during an all-inclusive golfing
holiday in Jam aica and demanded back all the money spent on the cart (5)
_____ with more for the “distress” she had been ( 6 ) ______ . A friend of
mine recently ( 7 ) ______a group of young lads deciding, before they even (8)
_____ the aircraft, what they were going to complain about to get a (9)
_____ on the cost of their holiday and which high-value item would be ‘lost’
during the (10 )_____ .
L a s t_______month a Manchester man led a “m utiny” of 200 passengers
on a ( 1 1 ) _______ship because, he said, the bingo prize was not big
enough. This week I heard details of a honeymoon (12 )______who were
sent a big bouquet of flowers by the tour operator and then complained th at
it was too big and (1 3 ) ______them from moving freely about their hotel
room. These types, who we have all met in airport (14) _____ , ju s t make
the (15 )_____ of us suffer, when they lie and fool tour operators into handing
cash back.

1. A. spread B. give c . pass ð. tell

2. A. ask B. take c. get D. award
3. A. review B. publicity c. media D. reputation
4. A. loan B. rent c. Jet D. hire
5. A. together B. plus c . as D. extra
6. A. made B. suffered c. done D. caused
7. A. listened B. overheard c. remarked D. suspected
8. A. took B. landed c. boarded D. caught
9. A. deposit B. refund c. guarantee D. cut
10. A. travel B. ride c. excursion D. trip
11. A. ferry B. tour c. cruise D. cargo
12. A. couple B. pair c. duo D. double
13. A. harmed B. limited c. prevented D. reduced
14. A. spaces B* lounges c. halls D. sitting-rooms
15. A. others B. left c. else D. rest

14. MATHS IS BEST

In the top class a t Medbury School, maths is the m ost popular A-level
subject. Of the 55 students, 28 have chosen to ( 1 ) ______the exam. And of
these 28, 10 have chosen to follow not one but two of the three available A-
level (2 ) _.
N or is this anything new. Maths regularly ( 3 ) _____ more pupils than
other A-levels, ( 4 ) ______subjects such as sociology or English, which tradi-
tionally were more usually (5 )_______ by girls - for Medbury is a girls’ school.
This interest m ust be ( 6 ) _______ the importance that is given to maths at
the school* However, the ( 7 ) _______, Olivia Lake, finds th a t many 11-
year-
old girỉs she interviews as part of the ( 8 ) _____ test say maths is their fa-
vourite subject. “In the old days, girls were not given much (9)________if they
wanted to do maths, especially in co-educational schools. But in a single sex
school today, they are definitely not pressured to avoid a (10)_________involv-
ing m aths. I am sure th a t this (11 )______how the girls perform in the sub-
ject.”
Student Sarah Hill ( 1 2 ) ______up the success of the Medbury method:
“In my m other’s day m aths was (13 )______a dry subject, and the teacher
had longer
no to m ake
true.(14Girls
) ______the subject by
get interested having
in the a nice
subject personality.
itself and w antB to
ut (15)
th a
___ well.”

1. A. make B. take c. pass D. mark

2. A. courses B. lectures c. periods D. term s
3. A. appeals B. suits c. concerns D. attracts
4. A. overcoming B, competing c. beating D. winning
5. A. deserved B. gained c . obtained D. picked
6. A. according to B. as regards c. due to D. seeing that
7. A. boss B. head c. chief D. captain
■f'l-t
8. A. application B. arrival c. entrance D. attendance
9. A. support B. persuasion c. recommendation D. permission
10. A. career B. post c. work D. task
11. A. influences B. directs c. guides D. controls
12. A. breaks B. sums c. shows D. keeps
13. A. seen B.regarded c. considered D. supposed
14. A. out B. up for c . up D. out of
15. A. do B. achieve c . fulfil D. improve

15. MOVIE STARS JO IN TH E ANIMALS

Nature programmes on television have become more popular than ever
over the past few years. P art of the (1 )_____ for this is the involvement of
Hollywood movie stars in the programmes. Recently we have seen the actor
Timothy Dalton on the (2 )______of arctic wolves, and Robin Williams diving
with dolphins.
The most memorable example of this style of programme came several
years ago when Julia Roberts tracked through the jungles of Borneo in (3)
_____ of orang-utans. The ( 4 ) ______ of this beautiful actress, normally so
elegant, making her way on foot through the rainforest, made a great (5)
_____ on the viewing public. One special moment came when a baby orang-
utan who was cuddling Julia ( 6 ) _____ to leave her. That scene ( 7 )
______ that the programme was a huge (8 )_____ _. A new TV genre was (9)___ .
TV companies are keen to (10 )_____ that bý sending celebrities into the
wild they are trying to do some good in the world. For example, a movie star
can make people (11) , of the destruction certain animal species and
their habitats. The bigger the celebrity, the more people tend to (12) ______
note of any environmental message in the programme. For the celebrities,
the trip is often a dream come (13) _____ and they are certainly not doing it
for the money. They are given a small ( 14 ) _____ for their services, which
they usually (15)_____ to charity.

1. A. cause B. motive c. reason D. excuse

2. A. path B. trail c. route D. w ay,
3. A. search B. hunt c. investigation D. quest
4. A* show B. sight c. vision D. display
5. A. reflection B. influence c. impression D. affect
6. A. refused B. denied c. rejected D. failed
7., A. enforced B. encouraged c. enabled D.ensured
8. A. knock B. hit c. smash D. blow
9. A. raised B. bred c. originated D. born
10. A. come forward B. see to c. point out D. think over
11. A. aware B. familiar c. sensitive D. sensible
12. A. make B. catch c. keep D. take
112
13. A. true B. right c. real D. natural
14. A. wage B. fee c. charge D. fare
15. A. subscribe B. contribute c. grant D. donate

16. AN ARRANGED MARRIẠGE

Shamm is a Muslim living in Birmingham. She married Aỉi two years ago
when she was 23, six weeks after meeting him once.
“I didn’t go out on (1) • with boys. Although iny parents have
adopted some aspects of western (2) . , and my father wanted me to
have a career and be financially (3 )_____ , he considered it his responsibil-
ity to find me a ( 4 ) _____ husband. But he would never have arranged my
marriage (5) ______ . My parents organised the introductions, but the (6)
__ decision was mine.
‘I (7 )______on someone with a good family (8) , higher education,
a (9) __of humour and the ability to communicate.Thesethings (10)
______forever, while romance and physical attraction soon fade!My father
thought I was being unrealistic! ‘This isn’t a fairy tale,’ he said. ‘Mr Wonder-
ful isn’t going to drive up here in a white Mercedes.’ But I couldn’t learn to
(11 )________for anyone ordinaiy.
“I ’d seen several men when Ali was introduced to me. We (12 )_______well
immediately and I knew I wanted to (13 )_____ my life with him. Neither of
us had ever been with anyone else, so we didn’t need to feel (1 4 )_______of
previous relationships. Love grew as we got to know each other. I definitely
(15 )______ the right choice when I picked All,”

1. A. appointments B. engagements c. dates D. reunions

% A. culture B. custom c. idea D. style
3. A* free B.separate c. individual D. independent
4. A. convenient B. suitable c. right D. favourable
5. A. up his sleeve B. on my nerves c. under his h at D. behind my back
6. A. last B. finished c. final D. latest
7. A. insisted B. demanded c. required D. urged
8. A. preparation B. circumstance c. condition D. background
9. A. feeling B. sense ■ c. sensation D. power
10. Á. hold B. keep c. last D. stand
11. A. care B. approve c. admire D. respect
12. Ạ. came off B. fell for c. took to D. got on
13. A. combine B. share c. join ð. divide
14. A. jealous B. hurt c. anxious D. upset
15. A. brought B. did c. made D. put
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17. E N G L IS H S P E L L IN G

Why does English spelling have a reputation for being difficult? English
was first written down when Christian monks came to England in Anglo-
Saxon ( 1 ) ______- They used the 23 letters of Latin to write down the sounds
of Anglo-Saxon ( 2 ) _____ as they heard it. However, English has a ( 3 )
______ range of basic sounds (over 40) than Latin. The alphabet was too
small, and so combinations of letters were needed to ( 4 ) _____ the
different sounds. Inevitably, there were inconsistencies in the way th at
letters were combined.
_____Withrisk.
the Norman
English invasion
survived,ofbut
England, the English
the spelling language
of many was put
English (5)
words
changed to follow French (6) ______ , and many French words were (7)
_____ into the language. The result was more irregularity.
When the printing press was ( 8 ) _____ in the fifteenth century, many
early printers of English texts spoke other first languages. They (9) _____
little effort to respect English spelling. Although one of the short-term (10)
' of printing was to produce a number of variant spellings, in the long
term it created fixed spellings. People became used tơ seeing words speit in
the same way. Rules were (11 )_____ , and dictionaries were put together
which printers and writers could ( 1 2 ) _____ to. However, spoken English
was not fixed and continued to change slowly - just as it still does now. Let-
ters th at were sounded in the Anglo-Saxon period, like the ‘k’ in ‘knife’, now
became (13 )______. Also, the pronunciation of vowels then had little in (14)
’ with how they sound now, but the way they are spelt hasn’t changed.
No (15 )_____ , then, th at it is often difficult to see the link between sound
and spelling.

1. A. times B. centuries c. ages D. years

2. A. chat B. communication c. speech D. discussion
3. A. wider B. longer c. thicker D. deeper
4. A. explain B. tell c. perform D. express
5. A. in B. at c. on D. under
6. A. guides B. plans c. patterns D. types
7. A. announced B. found c. started D. introduced
8. A. discovered 6. made up c. invented D. taken in
9. A. made B. did c. brought D. put
10. A- actions B: effects c. conclusions D. meanings
11. A. handed out B. filled in c. got across D. drawn up
12. A. check B. refer c. look D. see
13. A. dumb B. quiet c. speechless D. silent
14. A. common B. alike c. same D. similar
15. A. idea B. wonder c. problem D. mention

114
18. WAKE UP!

Do you ( 1 ) _____ yourself going into work later and later every day ju s
t to sleep a little longer? Do you ( 2 )_____ asleep in the cinema, wake up
and laugh at the wrong moment? Do you spend half the weekend asleep and
love it? (3) you’re a sleepaholic.
Someone somewhere (4J______ said that the average am ount of sleep the
average person w ants is five minules longer than they (5) _____ . Being a
sieepaholic is about wanting five hours longer. But sleepaholics can find th at
their habit gets them (6) _____ deep trouble with colleagues and friends.
Being late for work because of oversleeping is a pretty poor story if you’re (7)
______about a career. Friends can get ( 8 ) ______ offended if you leave them
early to get some sleep.
Throughout history, ambitious people have often (9) _____ their enor-
mous energy with a lack of need for sleep. It’s easy to see how this can (10)
______people a competitive advantage. So if you want to (11 )________advan-
tage of career opportunities, or if you’ve just been criticized once too often
about sleeping (12 )______the best bit of a party, what’s the ( 1 3 ) _____ ? A
psychiatrist studied sleep needs and over time he claimed to ( 1 4 )___________his
own daily sleep from a standard eight hours to two, saying- he experienced no
bad reactions.
But if you really can’t (15) _____ without sleep and don’t w ant to lose
your job, become so irreplaceable in it th at you can be openly lazy, like the
US President Calvin Coolidge, who slept for about 13 hours a day.

1. A. realize B. occur c. remark D. find

2. A. become B go c. fall D. drop
3 A. Ju s t as B. Then c .In case D. Such
4. A. once B. ago c. past D. prior
5. A. win B. keep c. last D. get
6. A. at B. for c. into D. down
7. A. keen B. serious c. fond D. eager
8. A. quite B. fully c. largely D. plenty
9. A. joined B. linked c. attached D. united
10. A ,tu rn B. make c. let D. give
11. A. take B. come c. hold D. have
12. A. across B. along c. through D. upon
13. A- resolution B. cure c. correction D. repair
14. A. subtract B. descend c. reduce D. sink
15. A. stand B. deal c. put D. do

115
19. B E L IE V E T H E E Y E S

How do you know when someone is lying? Scientists studying the human
face with sensitive .cameras may have discovered the answer, almost by acci-
dent. When someone in the laboratory dropped a book, (1) _____ a loud
noise, the camera they were using to study someone’s face showed an unex-
pected ( 2 ) _____ . The sudden fear had caused the ( 3 ) ______ of the
person’s face around the eyes to change. This led the researchers to (4)___the
idea that if a super-sensitive camera could spot fear, it would be quite (5)
_____ of showing when people were (8 )______ a lie.
The researchers then (7 )______ up an experiment to test out their theory.
Some volunteers were told a secret which they were forbidden to ( 8 ) _____
with another set of volunteers, who were told to ( 9 )_____ w hat it was. The
results were (10 )_____ , with the camera correctly identifying which of the
volunteers was lying.
Some people believe th a t these tests could lead to the ( 1 1 ) _____ of a
camera which would (12) airport security staff who, at the moment,
have to (13 )______on their own judgement when asking passengers about
the contents of their luggage. However, although the camera could be more
(1 4 )______than traditional ways of discovering w hether people are lying,
most scientists believe th at more (15 )_____ tests are needed before it goes
into widespread use.

1. A. getting B. having c. making D. doing

2. A. reaction B. relation c . reply D. remark
3. A. example B. description c. variety D. appearance
4- A. get away with B. come up with c . look, forward to D. stand up to
5. A. talented B. clever c . skilful D. capable
6. A. telling B. speaking c. saying D. talking
7. A. held B. put c . set D. gave
8. A. argue B. spin c . inform D. share
9. A. catch up B. find out c. ask after D. call for
10. A. famous B. amazed /C. wondering D. impressive
11 A. innovation B. development, c . growth D. increase
12. A. assist B. appeal c . attract D. accept
13. A. support B. rely c . lean D. rest
14. A. right B. correct c . accurate D. honest
15. A. convincing ■ B. persuading c. proving D. agreeing’

20 . MIND OVER M USCLES

If you’re lazy and not in good physical shape, then Dr Guang Yue, an ex-
ercise physiologist, has come up with a theory that might be of ( 1 )__________to
you. His ( 2 ) _____ discovery is that the strength of our muscles can be im-

116
proved without the need for physical activity. No longer do we have to (3)
____for long swims or have (4 )________ workouts in the gym. I t may
seem ( 5 ) _____ , but he says we can (6) ■ up our muscles simply by
thinking about exercise.
In Dr Yue’s research, volunteers imagined they were moving their little
fingers sideways, and found th a t the power of ( 7 )_____ was enough to in-
crease strength in those finger muscles. Then he asked volunteers to (8))
_____ to themselves that they were moving their arm muscles in five train-
ing sessions a week. Remarkably, these volunteers experienced a rapid in-
crease in the strength of their arms.
But sports psychologists say that, while this research is ( 9 )_____ , mus-
cle strength is only one aspect of exercise, and we shouldn’t (10)______
aerobic activity. We still need to (11 )_____ after our hearts, by taking exer-
cise that ( 1 2 ) _____ our heart rate to 70 per cent of its maximum for 20
minutes, three times a week. It would be (13) . . if people thought that
exercise was ( 1 4 )_____ , and that they could (15 )______ fit while slumped
on a sofa ju s t thinking about exercise.

1. A. fascination B. appeal c. attraction D. interest

2. A. main B. extraordinary c. individual D. dear
3. A. go B. take c. stand D. get
4. A. firm B. forceful c. strong D. hard
5. A. insincere B. doubtful c. improbable D. unsure
6. A. develop B. grow c.spread D. build
7. A. idea B. mind c. thought £>. brains
8. A. pretend B. persuade c. expect D. convince
9. A. principal B. chief c. significant D. leading
10. A. throw away B. cut out c. look over D. switch off
11. A. look B. take c. care D. run
12. A. jum ps B. climbs c. raises D. leaps
13. A. worrying B. anxious c. concerned D. panicking
14. A. helpless B. incapable c. minor. D. useless
15. A. make B. have c. keep D. put

21. SPOILT FOR CHOICE

Some research which was recently carried out in Britain has confirmed
what many ordinary shoppers have suspected for quite a long time. Having a
( 1 ) ____selection of goods to choose from is not necessarily a (2 )________to
consumers: The average supermarket in Britain has around 40,000 different
products on sale a t any one time and if you’re (3) ______of buying a car,
then there are actually around 1,600 different (4) •' on the market.
In one sense, choice is a good thing because it (5) ■■ us to buy those
products which best suit our needs. But choice can also (6 )_________something
117
of a problem. With over 400 brands of shampoo on the market, how does the
consumer (7) ______ hold of the information necessary to choose between
them?
For som e people the solution is to buy only well-known brands, whilst
others are happy to be (8) _____ by advertising. There is evidence, (9)
_____ , th at for some people the (1 0 ) ______ of choice available to them in
Britain’s consumer society is actually a (11) _____ of anxiety and stress.
One man interviewed by the researchers admitted th at he had (12 )_______to
buy his girlfriend a mobile phone for her birthday, but was so (13 )_______by
the number of different types on offer in the shop that he (14)______up and
decided to buy her a (15)_______of flowers instead!

1. A. deep B. long c. wide D. tall

2. A- benefit B. favour c. profit D. value
3 A. considering B. hoping c. planning D. thinking
4. A. styles £. models c. patterns D. labels
5. A. makes B. lets c. allows D. leaves
6. A. report B. represent c. review D. respect
7- A. take B. come c. have D. get
8. A. persuaded B. suggested c. proposed D. recommend
9. A- therefore B. moreover c. however D. whether
10. A. amount B. height c. total D. rank
11. A. spring B. reason c. motive D. source
12. A. looked for B. set out c. made up D. gone after
13. A. confused B. complicated c. disorganised D. misunderstood
14. A- hung B. held c. gave D. kept
15. A. heap B. handful c. bundle D. bunch

22. M EN AND SH O PPIN G

Normally, a creche is where children are looked after while their parents
work, but recently a shopping centre opened a “crèche” which (1) ______
men to play computer games while their partners go shopping The aim is to
( 2 ) _____ men to feel th at shopping is fun. You only have to ( 3 )__________at
men’s faces in ã shopping centre in the UK to realise that they find shopping
less ( 4 ) ______than women. Whether they are well off or ( 5 )______ up,
effect is the same: they are so anxious before they go shopping that their
stress levels increase to a truly (6 )_____ extent, comparable to those felt by
( 7 ) _____ fighter pilots or riot police. According to one psychologist, women
are much more (8) • in the. shops and men get so impatient because
men are less used to shopping than women. She adds that, quite (9) _ -,
over the years, women have developed a laid-back (10) to shopping,
but that m en’s negative feelings (11) when they are buying things for
people other than themselves. I t ’s understandable, then, that women (12)
118
 men for not (13 )______ an effort when it comes to buying things for
the family. She notes that, in the UK, many men (14 )______to go shopping
at all, or claim to feel (15 )______out after only five minutes. Let’s hope the
creche makes a difference!

1. A. enables B. opens c. makes D. removes

2 A. support B. encourage c. convince D. let
3. A. catch B. spot c. watch D. glance
4. A. funny B. silly c. enjoyable D. capable
5. A. short B. hard c. weak D. poor
6. A. astonished B. influential c. easy D. amazing
7. A. taught B. experienced c. tested D. prepared
8. A. comfortable B. convenient c. relaxing D. restful
9. A. biologically B. physically c . naturally D. environmentally
10. A. acceptance B. appeal c . agreement D. approach
11. A- exaggerate B. lengthen c . increase D. add
12. A. complain B. criticise c. object D. argue
13. A. making 6 . taking c . doing D. giving
14. A. cancel B. refuse c. reject D. deny
15. A. broken B. fed c . paid D. tired

23. TH E HISTORY OF TEN N IS

Everyone agrees that tennis is a very old game but its actual origin is un-
known. Some people (1 )______it came from ball games played in ancient (2)
_____ . However, most historians believe it was started in France in the
twelfth century, by groups of men (3) _____ a simple religious life. They
piayed a very ( 4 ) ______game, when a ball was ( 5 ) ______ against a wall or
over a rope with the palm of the hand.
During the next century, the French upper classes became interested, and
they ( 6 ) ______the sport- (7 )______ , in the sixteenth century, people started
to ( 8 ) ______rackets of varying shapes and sizes. In those ( 9 ) ______ days
of tennis, balls were made ( 1 0 ) ______leather with wool or hair inside,
and were hard enough to cause serious injury. The game soon spread to
and (11 )______in a big way. Even kings became (12 )_______players.
England
The scoring system in tennis (15, 30, 40 - Game!) is interesting but it has
often (1 3 ) ______great confusion. It probably comes from the time when the
hand on a clock face was moved forward 15 minutes to show that a point had
been (14 )______and when the hand reached 60 the game was over. Eventu-
ally, for reasons no one understands, the 45 minutes was abbreviated (15)
40.

1. A. demand B. claim c . request D. confess

2 A. cultures B. backgrounds c . customs D. traditions
119
3 A. holding B. running c. leading D. carrying
4 A. same B. similar c. like D. alike
5 A. punched B. popped c. kicked D. hit
6 A. took up B. set out c. brought up D. put on
7 A. Following B. Soon c. Later D. Shortly
8 Ạ. play B. wear c. exercise D. use
9 A. previous B. beforehand c. early D. preceding
10 A. of B. in c. by D. CO
11 A. got out B. took off c. turned on D. came out
12 A. interested B. keen c. occupied D. busy
13 A. influenced B. made c. caused D. resulted
14 A. marked B. beaten c. succeeded D. won
15 A. to B. with c. at D. on

24. KEW GARDENS

The Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew is home to the world’s largest collec-
tion of living plants. Situated ( 1 ) _____ to the River Thames in south west
London, the gardens are one of Britain’s most ( 2 )_____ tourist attractions.
The gardens are (3) ______ “royal” because, before the government (4)
_____ the area in 1841, members of the rpyal family used to live there*
Today, a large (5) __ ___ of people come to visit Kew’s three museums
and see the 40,000 different kinds of plants (6) _____ _ on display there.
Every season is fascinating at Kew, but as long as the winter hasn’t been too
(7 )_____ , Easter is a good time to visit, as then it’s possible to see beautiful
springtime flowers in an area not usually (8) • • to the. public.
In 2002, Kew was nominated as a possible UNESCO w prld Heritage site.
This is (9 )______an impressive achievement because only one other botanic
garden has been (10 )____ _ in this way. The Orto Bot anico, in Padova, Italy,
is the world’s oldest, and home to a (11)_____ fine collection of rare herbs.
Interestingly, since 2002, UNESCO will (1 2 ) _____ only one nomination a
year from countries which already have a World Heritage site. This is be-
cause the ( 1 3 ) _____ list includes only a relatively (14) • number of
sites from outside W estern Europe, and UNESCO wants more countries to
be (15 )_______on it.

1. A. neighbouring B. handy c .local D. close

2. A. common B. popular c. major D. regular
3. A. called B. claimed c. toỉẳ D. identified
4. A. brought up B. gave in c. took over D. handed out
5 A. quantity B. lot c. figure D. number
6. A. shortly B. currently c. mainly D. finally
7. A. hard B. strong c. deep D. heavy
8. A. vacant B. allowed c. open D. permitted
120
9. A. quite B. due c. so D. instead
10. A. granted B. honoured c. wished D. passed
? 1. A. greatly B. dearly c. remarkably D. readily
12. A. consider B. view c. regard D. apply
13. A. nowadays B. instant c. meanwhile D. present
14. A. short B. small c. slight D. brief
15 A- associated B. expressed c. represented ð. accounted

25 . ARRIVAL IN NEW YORK

Sam was feeling (1) __nervous as he left the airport. This was (2)
_____ because the flight had not been good, but also because he had never
been to New York before. He took a taxi into the city. It was ( 3 ) _____ a hot
day and he looked in (4) amazement at all the traffic. It was (5)
_____ different from the small town he came from —there was ( 6 ) ______
more noise and ( 7 ) _______ more people and all the buildings were ( 3 )____
bigger.
He checked into his hotel and went to his room. I t was ( 9 )______small
but it was (10) _____ comfortable. Before unpacking, he lay on the bed and
after a while he started to fed (11) __ better. Suddenly, there was an
(12 )__' loud knock at the door. Sam was (13 )_____ frightened and did
not want to answer the door. “Who’s there?” he called out, nervously. “My
name’s Robertson,” said a small voice. He sounded (14 )_________embarrassed.
“I sat next to you on the plane today. I’m afraid I accidentally took one of
your bags with me. It’s (15 )_____ my fault.” Still feeling nervous Sam made
his way towards the door.

1. A. partly B. considerably c. rather D. far

2. A. rather B. quite c. a bit D. partly
3. A. fairly B. quite c. complete D. slightly
4. A. far B. rather c. absolute D. quite
5. A. rather B. total c. utter D. lot
6. A. totally B. absolutely c. far D. quite
7. A. absolutely B. utterly c. quite D. a lot
8. A- utterly B. terribly c. considerably ð. absolutely
a A.' fairly B. bit c. partly D. considerably
10. A. slightly B. reasonably c. utterly D.. partly
11. A. slightly B. fairly c. partly D. reasonably
12. A- utterly B. extremely G. absolutely 0 . a lot
13. A. terribly B. considerably c. a lot D. much
14. A. partly B. bit c. reasonably D. slightly
15. A. extremely B. completely c. far D. quite

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26. T H E T O U R G U ID E

I ’m a tour guide a t the Tower of London, one of the city’s principal tourist
attractions. When you (1) _____ the public for your first guided tour, " terri-
fying” is the word th a t springs to mind. I’m quite sociable, but having 300 or
(2) visitors in front of you is quite daunting.
Of course, visitors (3 )______you to know the answers t.o every question.
If someone asks you something (4 )_____ which you don’t know the answer,
it’s mighty embarrassing. You always get the history experts. They are the
visitors who have ( 5 ) an age at home or in a library researching a (6)
_____ subject. When they visit the Tower, already knowing the answers,
they will ask their questions in the ( 7 ) _____ of catching us out. We don’t
try (8 )______to know the answer; if we don’t know, we (9 ) ______ it and ask
a colleague.
The most irritating people are those who ask really stupid questions while
their friends video our reactions. We get asked ail (10 )_____ of things, the
most common being “Where’s the lavatory?” We have a book in which we
(11 ) ___ the silliest questions we’ve been asked. Often, people just don’t
(12 ) ___ before they speak.
You always get the odd person who’s in a bad (1 3 )_____ and is deter-
mined to spoil your day. We just stand there and take it. We never (14)
_____ our tempers, i t ’s not what we’re here for. We want visitors who (15)
_____ a nice time and there’s nothing better than when someone says,
“Great, it’s been a wonderful day.”

1. A. face B. cope c. bear D. oppose

2. A. further B. other c. so D.even
3. A. predict B. expect c.suppose D. foresee
4. A. that B. of c. such D. to
5. A. spent B. afforded c. concentrated D. lasted
6. A. liked B. pet c. precious D. close
7. A. wish B. desire c. hope D. aim
8. A. lying B. pretending c. acting D. deceiving
9. A. cooperate B. tolerate c. let D. admit
10. A. forms B. orders c. sorts D. cases
11. A. enter B. commit c. enrol D. compose
12. A. judge B. think c. attend D. examine
13 A. nature B. feeling c. emotion D. mood
14- A. fail B. forget c.lose D. miss
15. A. gain B. make c. take D. have

122
27 . THE GRAND TOUR

Travel is so much the norm these days that i t ’s hard to (1 )______a tim e
when the world’s great historical sites, beaches and beauty spots weren’t (2)
_____ with camera-carrying tourists. But two centuries ago, ( 3 )________be-
fore cheap rail tickets greatly reduced the cost o f crossing Europe, tourism
was ( 4 ) ______for those with time and money. In Britain, The Grand Tour
was seen as an essential (5 )______of any wealthy young m an’s education. It
was a trip of up to five years, taking in a (6 )______ range of Europe’s artistic
and architectural highlights.
Italy was the focus of the Grand Tour, ( 7 ) _______ it was highly
regarded for both its antique and modern culture. ( 8 ) _______ it was to
Venice, Flor- ence, Rome and Naples that the young aristocrats flocked. The
hardships of the long and sometimes hazardous journey across the Alps
were all part of the ( 9 ) ______and they were amply rewarded by the
celebrated countryside, the antique ruins and the works of the great Italian
painters, not to (10)
______the parties, pageants and carnivals. Tourists were (11 )______ to Italy
from many countries, as they still are, but it was from -Britain th a t the m a-
jority of visitors came.
Although mass tourism was still in its infancy, all the (12 )_______of the
modern tourist were already there, as the young aristocrats went round Italy
in (13) ______of paintings, drawings and a (14 )______ of other souvenirs to
carry back
brought the home.
craze English housesItalian
for all things were soon filled with
and antique them,
back the tourists
to Britain, and
buildings, furniture, even clothes were all (15 )______by this revolution in
taste.
1. A. imagine B. suppose c. think D. guess
2. A. full B. crowded c. extensive D. entire
3. A. far B. plenty c. away D. long
4. A. severely B. strictly c. strongiy D. extremely
5. A. section B. division c. share D. part
6. A. wide B. grand c. various D. thorough
7. A. from B. owing to c. since D. as for
8. A. So B. For c. That D. As
9. A. involvement B. participation c. experience D. incident
10. A. state B. refer c tell D. mention
11. A. appeared B. drawn c. fetched D. fascinated
12. A. dues B. notices c. figures D. signs
13. A. search B. hunt c. chase D. track
14. A. pack B. gang c. host D. flock
15. A. impress B. influenced c. reacted D. concerned

123
28 . M A S T E R T H E A R T O F B E IN G E F F E C T IV E

I suffer from a debilitating condition called “procrastination” - the ability

to put off endlessly the things I have to do. Each morning when I wake up,
my mind launches into its own decision-making (1 ) _____ . Shall I get up or
shall I press the snooze button? By the time I ( 2 ) ____ _ to what I should
wear, the complexity of the decision would need an advisory (3)__________to
solve it. I ’m already hours behind (4 )_____ , and I haven’t even eaten my
breakfast yet.
I have always been a procrastinator. I am tortured by menus and holiday
brochures, paint colour ( 5 ) _____ and satellite television. So much so that I
decided to ( 6 ) _____ in a new book on the subject, which ( 7 ) _______it
could
treat my condition. According to the book, I should identify my weaknesses,
then, become more productive and develop priorities that ( 8 ) _____ my per-
sona] goals.
My problem, I am told, is th at I put off doing something because I (9)
■ the outcome. But even (10 )_____ in a tax form is rarely as dreadful
as we think. Apparently, each day I should think of something I don’t want
to do, (11 )______to it, then use a kitchen timer to (12) ______ how long it
actually took. I f I still can’t (13 )_______the'task, I should visualise newspa-
per headlines (14 )_______my achievement.
So when do I start my new (1 5 )_______ ? That’s the big problem. I just
can’t decide.
1. A, course B. process c. development ð. case
2 A. lead B. arrive c. get D. approach
3. A. committee B. commission c. community D. communication
4. A. timetable B. schedule c. programme D. agenda
5. A. maps B. diagrams c. graphs D. charts
6 A. spend B. charge c. invest ð. insure
7 A. claimed B. demanded c. challenged D. pretended
8 A. exhibit B. imitate c. display D. reflect
9 A. expect B. fear c. worry D. panic
10 A. writing B. completing c. filling D; applying
11. A. stand B. persevere c. persist D. stick
12. A. establish B. authorise c. secure D. institute
13. A. head B. back c. shoulder D. face
14. A. announcing B. notifying c. informing D. stating
15. A. structure B. control c. regime D. management

29. T H E DISCOVERY O F DNA

The fact that genetic information in animals and plants is carried by some-
thing ( 1 ) ______DNA is now regarded as ( 2 ) ______knowledge. Before the
1950s, however, (3 ) ______was known about DNA or how it worked. One of
the (4 )______ moments in science occurred in 1953, when Francis Crick and
Jaimes Watson at Cambridge University discovered the structure of DNA.
They said th a t DNA was ( 5 ) _____ to two spiral staircases going up and
down at the same time. Scientists all over the world ( 6 ) _____ this “double
helix” model immediately. The discovery was, of course, the (7)___________of
years of hard work, and Crick and Watson were not the only scientists who
had been ( 8 ) _____ out research in an attem pt to find out w hat DNA (9)
_____ like. Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin at King's College, Lon-
don, had also been. (10) ______on the problem. They used x-ray analysis of
DNA, ( 1 1 ) _______, Crick and Watson preferred to build models^ One
day, without (12 )______a word to her, Wilkins showed Franklin’s results to
Wat-
son, and it was those results which (13) _____ him to discover the real
structure of DNA. In 1962, Watson, Crick and Wilkins were ( 1 4 )_________the
Nobel Prize for their work, Rosalind Franklin, who had died four years ear-
lier, was not even (15 )_____ at the ceremony.
1. A. referred B. known c. called D. described
2. A. normal B. general c. usual D. ordinary
3. A. little B. hardly c. tiny ð. few
4. A. broadest B. largest c. tallest D-. greatest
5. A. same B. similar c. alike D. resembled
6. A. allowed B. agreed c. admitted D. accepted
7. A, effect B.reason c. result D. finish
8. A. making B. doing c. holding D. carrying
9. A. appeared B. looked G. existed D. compared
10. A. thinking B. trying c. seeking D. working
11. A. whereas B. however c. unlike D. despite
12. A. telling B. dropping c. saying D. giving
13. A. aided B. helped c. assisted. D. provided
14. A. awarded B. presented c. donated ð. celebrated
15. A. suggested B. responded c. mentioned D. admitted

30. WRITE THE PERFECT CRIME NOVEL

Most people are bom with the natural ability to ( 1 ) _____ stories, but
only a rare few have the determination to become ( 2 ) _____ authors, and
even fewer have the joy of seeing their novels top the (3)________of bestselling
books. Some of the world’s famous crime writers have achieved the (4)
_____ success of all. Who can (5) ______ the appeal of famous detectives like
Sherlock Holmes, Miss Marple or Hercule Poirot? Even if you haven’t read
the (6) _____ books you will have seen them in films or on the TV.
If you have an ambition to become the (7) ______ Agatha Christie what
should you do? The best starting (8) . is to read lots of examples of
crime fiction w ritten by good authors. You will need a. notebook to carry

125
around with you òr, ( 9 ) _____ better, some loose ( 1 0 ) ______ of paper
that you can ( 1 1 ) ______notes on and then file into a folder. After all, th e
most
(12) situation - for example, watching a woman get (13)________a
train - may be the (14)______for your first bestseller.
Like any good recipe you have to know the main (15 ) _____ of a success-
ful novel. These are: an original story, strong characters and a memorable
setting.
2.
1. A.
A- professional
say B. employed
speak c. tell
working D. occupied
D.announce
3. A. queue B. row c. list D. line
4. A. largest B. greatest c. highest D. prime
5. A. hide B. refuse c. insist D. deny
6. A. first B. original c. early D. initial
7. A. later B. following c. subsequent D. next
8 A. point- B. tip c. spot D. mark
9. A- so B. still c. very D. even
10. A- strips B. sheets c. layers D. pieces
11. A. complete B. do c. make D. fill
12. A. everyday B. standard c. average D. regular
13. A- out B. down c . off D. from
14. A. notion B. inspiration c. invention D.idea
15. A. parts 5. sections c. pieces D. ingredients

31. ART ONLINE

At one time, only the largest, most powerful companies had real works of
art hanging in their boardrooms. They usually chose expensive paintings by
well-known artists whose work smaller companies couldn’t ( 1 ) _____ . And
when a smaller company Wanted to ( 2 ) _____ in a more modest work of art,
this could ( 3 ) ______up quite a lot of time. As an expensive consultant was
( 4 ) _____ ouj. of the question, a ( 5 ) ______ of staff had to visit various art
galleries and choose something in the (6 )_____ that their colleagues would
like it.
But things have changed because now art has (7) - online. There are
websites to help companies find the right picture or piece of sculpture. Most
employees who buy art for their workplaces do not know a great (8) _____
about it. So one of the main aims of the website is to ( 9 ) _____ them in their
choice. They describe the type of work they want, for example traditional or
modern, and what budget is available. This information is then ( 10 )_____
in a search engine, and a selection of art (11 )______ up on the screen. Work-
ers back a t the company can (12 )_____ the selection and email their com-
ments. Free worldwide delivery is on (13 )_____ with a 30-day trial period
(14 )_____ in case anybody changes their (15 )______ .

126
1. A. assist B. afford c. achieve D. appeal
2. A. bargain 6 . purchase c. invest D. profit
3. A. take B. keep c. hold D, run
4. A. accurately B. likely c. eventually D. probably
5. A. fellow B. member c. person D. individual
6. A. wish B. trust c. aim D. hope
7. A. joined B. gone c. turned D. gained
& A, deal B. load c. lot D. extent
9. A. show B. teach c. ỉearn D. guide
10. A. enrolled B. presented c. entered D. introduced
11. A. brings B. comes c. beats D. lays
12. A. view B. notice c. regard ' D .spot
13. A. available B. supply c. offer D. convenience
14. A. still B. only c. even D. ju st
15. A. mind ■ B. thought c. head D. sense

32. MY MOST EM BARRASSING MOMENT

When I was 1 8 ,1 got a job with a television company. I was in a small of-
fice with three other girls and there was a boy working upstairs we all (1)
______. He seemed very cool and sophisticated because, ( 2 )______ us, he ac-
tually got to meet the stars. None of us thought we ( 3 ) _____ a chance with
him b u t we used to try to ( 4 )him up whenever he paid a ( 5 )_____________to
our departm ent. Then one day, (6) _ _ _ _ unexpectedly he invited me to a
big charity dinner a t an expensive hotel. I couldn’t believe my ( 7 ) _____ . All
the big stars were going to be there. So I had to look my best. I ( 8 ) ______
spending a fortune on a new dress, shoes and hairstyle.
As we walked into the hotel, cameras were ( 9 ) _____ and I felt like a real
celebrity. We went up a long, wide flight of stairs just like in a (10 )______
from the movies. But as we (11 ) _____ the top, one of my new leather-soled
shoes slipped on the red carpet. Ifell backwards and w ent head over (12)
______down the stairs, landing in a heap at the bottom. I was unhurt but
(13) shaken and extremely embarrassed. My partner took one (14)
______at me and decided he had (15)______ take me home.

1. A. approved B. appealed c. regarded D. fancied

2 A. opposite B. unlike c . different D. instead
3. A. stood B. kept c. ran D. carried
4. A. speak B. talk c. chat D. gossip
5. A. tour B. visit c. stay D. trip
6. A. more B. even c. much D. quite
7. A. luck B. fortune c. chance D. break
8. A. brought about B. called for c. went through D. ended up
9. A. glowing B. flashing c. shining D. lighting
127
10. A. part B. play c. scene D.show
11 . A. reached B. achieved c. arrived D. managed
12. A. elbows B. knees c. heels D. feet
13. A. hardly B. poorly c. toughly D. badly
14. A. look B. stare c. sight D. view
15. A. further B. better c. sooner D. rather

33. T H E ROUGH GUIDE STORY

When Mark Ellingham went to Greece in the late 1970s he couldn’t find a
guidebook hẹ liked. There was nothing available which treated Greece as a
twentieth century, living culture, and which didn’t ( 1 ) _____ you feel inade-
quate for not having a lot of money. So Mark, together with his partner
Natania Jansz and John Fisher, ( 2 ) _____ out to write his own guidebook.
The Rough Guide to Greece, published in 1982, was a ( 3 )__________success.
After Greece, this smaỉỉ ( 4 )_____ of recent college graduates wanted to
write a guide to Sri Lanka, which was where Natania’s family came from. (5)
_____ , their publishers talked them ( 6 ) ______ doing Spain and Portugal.
By the time they had written those, they had a ( 7 ) _____ Today there are
almost 200 Rough Guide titles (8) the market.
Nowadays, the Rough Guides no longer seem (9) ___ ‘rough”. The
early books were written on very ( 10 )_____ money for readers who were
assumed to be in the same (11 )_____ . But the books (12) ______ to a much
wider (13 )_____ of readers than was originally anticipated, so they began to
(14)_______information about more upmarket hotels and restaurants.
In recent years, 6 Rough Guides have (15 )_____ in other directions, so
there are now miniguides to major cities, phrasebooks, music guides and
even a guide to the Internet.

1. A. make B. result c. cause D. lead

2. A- made B. set G. gave D. put
3. A. great B. bright c. strong D. loud
4. A. committee B. crew c. gang D. team
5. A. Although B. Despite c. However ð. Though
6. A. up B. to c. through D.- into
7. A. serial B. series c. sequence D. string
8. A. to . B. in c at D. on
9. A. particularly B. absolutely c. specifically D. definitely
10. A. much B. few c. little D. small
11. A. vehicle B. boat c. place D. house
12. A. appealed B. influenced c. attracted D. affected
13. A- number B. collection c. set D. range
14. A. take B. include c. choose D. put
15. A. increased B. swollen c. expanded D. travelled
128 4 *
34 . A FAMOUS TRAVELLER

Wilfred Thesiger?s desert journeys in the Middle East are a constant

source of inspiration to all those who (1) _____ his love for the region. If you
are (2) ■ in travelling in the Middle East, reading Thesiger is a must.
Wilfred was born and (3) J_____ up in East Africa, where his father
worked as a British Government official. Although he left Africa to study in
the UK, he returned the 1930’s to begin his own (4 )_____ as an administra-
tor.
In the late 1940s, he travelled to the Arabian peninsula to ( 5 )_______in-
formation for a locust control project. There he first (6) _____ across the
Bedu, the traditional nomadic (7 )_____ of the desert, who would accompany
him ( 8 ) ______two historic crossings of the absolutely ( 9 )_______“Empty
Q uarter” and introduce him to their harsh way of life.
Travel and exploration (10 )_____ meaning to Thesiger’s life. (11 )______
he was travelling, he lived as a nomad, visiting remote (1 2 )_____ of the
world, often on (13 )_____ , living simply among the local peoples and w rit-
ing about his experiences. His books, more than any others, have (14) _____
our imagination and led us to (15) _____ the beauty and solitude of the
great desert expanses.
1. A. keep B. hold c. fell D. share
2. A. keen B. interested c. fascinated D. enthusiastic
3. A. reared B. raised c. fetched D. brought
4. A; trade B. career c. ambition D. pursuit
5. A. listen B. learn c. gather D. search
6. A. came B. encountered c. got D. met
7.. A. citizens B. tenants c. members D. inhabitants
8. A. on B. by c. at D. in
9. A. large B. big c. vast D. extensive
10. A. gave B. made c. set D. put
11 A. Throughout B. While c. During D. Alongside
12 A. surfaces 5 . edges c. sides D. corners
13. A. foot B. bicycle c. camel D. horse
14. A. drawn B. caught c. struck D. grown
15. A. fascinate B. delight c. appreciate D. amuse .

35. AN OPPORTUNITY TOO GOOD TO MISS

I t was something th at might have tempted even the most honest teen-
ager: the discovery of more than £3,000 in used bank notes in an unlocked
night safe. That was what two British teenagers, aged 14 and 17 (1) _____ _
across when they were hanging (2) _____ outside a bank one Friday evening
in January with (3) ' much to do.
As a joke, one of them decided to (4) ■ the handle of the night safe a
129
pull, and to his amazement it opened because it was unlocked. He couldn’t
believe his eyes when he saw the money inside. After a short discussion, he
and his friend (5)______ the bank notes and (6)________away. Unfortunately
for them, however, the ( 7 ) _____ was being (8 )______' by security cameras.
The money was reported (9 )_______on the following Monday morning and
the teenagers were (10 )______for the crime within the week. Although nei-
ther of them would be (1 1 )_______ upon as a “m aster criminal”, they both
nevertheless ended up w ith criminal (12)_____ .
At w hat’s ( 1 3 ) _____ a juvenile court they were, each ordered to pay a
£300 ( 1 4 ) _____ . In addition to this, they were ordered to write letters of
apology to the bank they had (15 )_____ the money from. Lloyds Bank were
later said to be reviewing their security systems.

1. A. met B. came c. chanced D. found

2. A. around B. over c. off D. up
3. A. hardly B. something c. nothing D. little
4. A. fetch. B. give c. put D. take
5 A. picked B. swept c. held D. grabbed
6. A. disappeared B. popped c. ran D. made
7. A. theft B. fraud c. burglary D. forgery
8. A. registered B. received c. recalled D. recorded
9. A. absent B. vacant c. missing D. empty
10. A. arrested B. sentenced c. charged D. convicted
11. A. regarded B. looked c. viewed D. considered
12. A- notes B. documents c. charts D. records
13. A. titled. B. known c. called D. named
14. A. reward B. refund c. fee D. fine
15. A. stolen B. raided c. mugged D. cheated

36. M ASTER OF SU SPEN SE

In 1926, the young film director, Alfred Hitchcock, made what is now re-
garded as his first masterpiece called The Lodger. It was the story of an in-
nocent man wrongly (1) _ of m urder and it established its director as a
(2 )______talent. Although now acknowledged as the best British film of the
era, film distributors at the (3 ) _____ did not think i t worthy of general re-
lease. For months it sat on the shelf while its director reflected on the thin
line that (4) ______success and failure. That thin line was to haunt him
throughout his sixty years of film-malting
In a ( 5 ) ______that began with hand-cranked cameras and silent movie
stars and ended w ith his blockbuster thrillers of the 1950s and 1960s, Hitch-
cock tasted success and failure in ( 6 ) _____ equal measure. His subject (7)
_____ courted controversy and his style alternately baffled and thrilled au-
diences and critics (8 )_____ .
130
 Although he never received an Oscar, it is generally ( 9 ) ______that most
Hitchcock films are tru e (1 0 )_____ of art. In retrospect, it is clear th at his
genius ( 1 1 ) ______from his natural understanding of th e language of film
and his ability to exploit the potential of the cinema to the (1 2 )_____ . For
this reason, film theorists praised him and (13 )_____ him as an “auteur”, a
term designed to (14 )_____ th at his work was superior to the more run-of-
the-mill product of Hollywood. As a result, Hitchcock’s celluloid world of
glamour, terror, thrills and fear continues to (15 )_____under the scrutiny of
academics, film historians and critics.
1. A. accused B. blamed c. condemned D. alleged
2. A. chief B. senior c. major D. main
3. A. time B. event c. moment D. end
4. A. disguises B. decides c. disperses D. divides
5. A. position B. career c. calling D. profession
6. A. slightly B. faintly c. fairly D. hardly
7. A. m atter B- element c. substance D. content
8 A. apart B. alone c. aloud D. alike
9. A. noticed B. recognised c. honoured D. respected
10 A- works B. labours c. objects D. pieces
11. A. draws B. rises c. stems D. shoots
12 A. sum B. whole c. total D. full
13. A. denounced B. described c. declared D. diagnosed
14. A. suppose B. advise c. suggest D. advanced
15. A- bring B. come c. take D. get

37. SPORTS PHOTOGRAPHY

Sport as a spectacle* and photography as a way of recording action, have
developed together. At the tu rn of the 20th century, Edward Muybridge was
experimenting with photographs of movement. His pictures of a runner (1)
______in every history of photography. Another milestone was when the sci-
entist/photographer Harold Edgerton ( 2 ) ______the limits of photographic
technology with his study of a ( 3 ) ______ of milk hitting the surface of a dish
of milk- Another advance was the development of miniature cameras in the
late 1920s which made it possible for sports photographers to (4) _____
their cumbersome cameras behind.
The significance of television as a transm itter of sport has ( 5 )_______the
prospects of still photographers. AH those people who watch a sports event
on TV, with all its movement and action, ( 6 ) ______ th e still image as a re-
minder of the game. The ( 7 ) _____ majority of people do not actually (8)
______sports events, but see them through the eyes of the media. And when
they look a t sports photography, they look not so much for a (9 )_______of the
event as for emotions and relationships with which they can (1 0 )___________ .

131
 Looking back, we can see how (11 )_______sports photography has changed.
(12 )_____ sports photographers were as interested in the stories behind the
sport as in the sport itself. Contemporary sports photography (13 )_______the
glamour of sport, the colour and the action. But the best sports photographers
today still do more than ( 1 4 ) _____ teil the story of the event. They (15)
_____ in a single dramatic moment the real emotions of the participants.
1. A. exhibit B. show c. demonstrate D. feature
2 A. extended B. enlarged c. prolonged D. spread
3 A. splash B. drip c. dash D. drop
4. A. put B. leave c. lay D. keep
5 A. assisted B. aided G. benefited D. improved
6. A. choose B. value c. praise D. cheer
7. A. high B. wide c. vast D. main
8. A. attend B. visit c. follow D. meet
9 A. preservation B. store c. record D. mark
10. A. identify B. share c. unite ð .join
11. A. highly B. radically c. extremely D. severely
12 A. Early B. First c. Initial D. Primary
13 A. outlines B. signals c. emphasises D. forms
14 A. alone B. simply c. singly D. only
15. A- seize B. grasp c. capture D. secure
38 KNIFE-THROW ING AT TH E CIRCUS
Knife-throwing is a thrilling circus act, which: is stressful for both the
thrower and the assistant. Obviously, assistants need to be especially coura-
geous, since they are ( 1 ) ______to stand in front of a board as knives land
next to them at (2 )_______speed. If a thrower’s aim is not accurate, there is a
(3 ) possibility that an accident might (4 )______ . Such people need to
feel ( 5 ) ______about the circus and enjoy the excitement of performing in
front of hundreds of people. Not everyone is (S) ■ for the work, particu-
larly not nervous people!
Knife-throwers, on the other hand, need to be extremely ( 7 )_______peo-
ple. They can't ( 8 )_____ up for a performance feeling tired or having had an
argument with their assistant because they have to be perfectly a t (9 )_____
with what they are doing in order to be able to (10)_______the work their full
concentration.
The knife-thrứwing tradition (11) . partly because children follow
their parents into the job. One (12)_____ well-known thrower, for example,
has an assistant whose father was also a knife-thrower. She first had knives
thrown a t her when she was only 12 and has (13)______ doing the same job
ever since. (14 )______, over the last 15 years she (15) ______that she has
had about 300,000 knives thrown at her!
132
1. A. insisted B. considered c. requừeñ D. demanded
2. A. wide B. heavy c. plain D. great
3. A. strong B. tough c. keen D. deep
4. A. appear B. develop c. happen D. exist
5. A. caring B. passionate c loving ð- devoted
6. A. end B. capable c. proper D. suitable
7- A. doubtless B. reliable c. dependent D. trusting
8. A. put B. do c. pick ð. turn
9. A. ease B. rest c. calm D. quiet
10. A. take B. give c. get D. hold
11. A. m aintains B. stays c. keeps D. survives
12.. A- particularly B. precisely c. distinctly D. correctly
13. A. taken up B. come off c. carried on D. put in
14. A. Nevertheless B. In fact c. Despite th a t D. Even so
15. A. totals B. adds c. reckons D. counts
33. IT MUST BE LOVE
The final years of secondary school are generally regarded as a fairly
stressful period for students. There are exams to ( 1 ) _____ ready for, deci-
sions about the future to be (2 )________and many other aspects of growing up
to come to (3 ) with. It may seem surprising, ( 4 )______________, that students
of this age have enough time and energy left for (5 )_______relationships. For
many, however, such relationships (6 )_____ an important part of both theừ
social life and theừ personal development. But what are most teenagers (7)
- for in a high school romance?
For some, it’s th e chance to (8) ______this wonderful period of discovery
and adventure with somebody else. They (9 )______ having a loyal friend who
will be there to (1 0 )_____ by them in times of need or difficulty. I t ’s also
someone they can (11 )their trust in, someone to whom their deepest
secrets can be (12 )________.
For others, it’s an opportunity to experiment with emotions and ideas.
(13) ____ of being in a relationship, they learn what it is like to feel com-
mitted to one other person. (14) - - a feeling of security, such relation-
ships can also give a (15 ) of what marriage m ust be like.
1. A. come B. set c. get D- learn
2 A. brought B. done c .h a d D. made
3. A. face B. terms c. rights D. agree
4. A. given 5, although c. whether D. therefore
5 A. growing B. raising c. forming D. shaping
6. A. play B. result c. remind D. recommend
133
7. A. wanting B. looking c. liking, D. seeking
8 A. share B.join c. give D. know
9. A. approve B. appreciate c. identify D. relate
10. A. support B. remain c. stand ð. return
11. A. mind B. let c lay D. put
12 A. told
- B. said c. kept D. placed
13. A. Despite B. As a result c. Instead D .ỉn cốse
14. A. As far as B. As long as c. As soon as D. As well as
15. A. sense B. thought c. slice D. touch
40. G ETTING TO T H E ROOT OF BONSAI CRIM E
Bonsai trees *have always been a source of great fascination to people.
They are perfect miniatures, grown in pots small enough to sit on a window-
sill. You have to keep reminding yourself that these trees are ( 1 )_________real
and identical to their larger cousins in all .(2)_____ except their size. Rather
like other small and perfectly-formed artifacts, bonsai trees ( 3 )_______quite
a high price in the marketplace and so it doesn’t come as a great surprise tò
find that they also ( 4 ) ______the attention of thieves. I t seems th at quite a
flourishing business has ( 5 ) _____ in which they are stolen from the homes
of growers and collectors, then repotted and trimmed by unscrupulous deal-
ers, to be sold on a t good prices, to (6)_______buyers.
One of Britain’s top collectors of bonsai trees, Paul Widdington, believes
th at he has found a solution, however. After losing his life’s work, ( 7 )_____ _
a t £250,000, when burglars broke into his home one night, Paul decided to
( 8 ) _____ the possibilities of electronically tagging the trees he bought as a
replacement. This ( 9 )_____ injecting a microchip the size of a (10)________of
rice into the trunk of each tree. Each chip is laser-etched with information
which is ( 1 1 ) ______in a central register held by the police. Paul is quite
aware that this kind of data-tagging doesn’t (12 )_____ thieves from stealing
the trees in the first (13) ' , although it may increase the (14 )_______of
getting them back. So he’s also (15) a security alarm system, complete
with infrared detectors, in his home.
1. A. actually B. eventually c. deeply D. greatly
2. A- concerns B. m atters c . regards D. respects
3. A- command B. expect . c. obtain D. charge
4. A. inquire B. attract c. appeal D. invite
5. A. erupted B. adapted c. evolved D. arrived
6. A. unavoidable 6 . undemanding c. unconscious D. unsuspecting
7. A. prized 5. valued c. treasured D. còsted
8. A. so after B. set about c. try out D. look into
134
 9- A. requires B. includes c. involves D. reflects
10. A. crumb B. grain c. bean D.speck
11. A. stored B. detained c. locked D. piled
12. A. preserve B. protect c. prohibit D. prevent
13. A. turn B. time c. place D. point
14. A- chances B. counts c. chokes D. claims
15. A. investing B. installing c. inserting D.
inputting
1 2 KEYTO LEXICALCLOZE
3 TESTS 4
ABC D A Bc D A 5 c D A B c D
'1. o o o • 1. • o o o 1. • o o o 1. o • o o
2. o o • o 2. o o • o 2. o • o o 2. « 0 0 0
3. 9 o o o 3. o • o o 3. o o o • 3. o o • o
4. o • o o 4. o o o • 4. • o o o 4. o o o •
5. • o o o 5. o o # o 5. o o • o 5. o o • o
6. o • o o 6. o • o o 6. • o o o 6. Ó o o •
7. o o o • 7. o o • o 7. o o • o 7. o • o o
8. o o • o 8. • o o o 8. o • o o 8. .o o • o
9. • o o o 9. o • o o 9. o o o • 9. • o o o
10. o • o o 10. o o o • 10. o o t o 10. o o o •
11. o o • o 11 . • o o o 11.000 # U to o o
12. o o o • 12. o • o o 12. o o • o 12. o o • o
13. 0 0 9 0 13. o o o • 13. o o o • 13. o • o o
14. o o o m 14. • o o o 14. o • o o 14. o o o •
15. o • o o 15, o o § o 15. • o o o 15. • o o o

5 6 7 8
1. o o o • 1. • o o o 1. o o o • 1. o o o •
2 o • o o 2. o o • o 2. o o • o 2. o • o o
3. • o o o 3. o • o o 3. O IO O 3. o o o •
4. o • o o 4.. O O O I 4. • o o o 4. o o # o
5. • o o o 5. o o • o 5. O IO O 5. o • Ố o
6. 0 9 0 0 6. • o o o 6. o o o • 6. • o Ó
7. o o • o 7. 0 * 0 0 7. • o o o 7. o o o •
8. • o o o 8. • o o o 8. o o • o. 8. I O O O
9. o o o • 9. o o • o 9. o • o o 9; 0 0 • 0
10. o o o • 10. o o Ó • 10; o o o • 10. 0 • 0 0
11. • o o o 11 . o • o o • o o o 11. 0 0 • 0
12. o o o • 12. o o o • 12. o o • o 12. • 0 0 0
13. o o • o 13. o o • o 13. • o o o 13. 0 • 0 0
14. o • o o 14. o o o • 14.0 0 01 14. 0 0 0 •
15. 0 0 *0 15. • o o o 15. o • o o 15. • 0 0 0

135
9 11 12
1. o • o o 1. o • o c 1. • o o o 1. • o o o
2. o o • o 2. o o • o 2. Ỏ o • o 2. o o • o
3. o • o o 3. o • o Ỏ 3. o o o • 3. o • o o
4. o o o è 4. Ỏ o • o 4. o * G o 4. Ỏ o è Ỏ
5. • o o o 5. • o o o 5. o o o .• 5. • Ỏ Õ o
6. o • Ỏ 6 0. o Ỏ Q • 6. o o o 6. o Ỏ o •
7. • o o Ỏ 7. Ỏ • o o 7. e o o- o 7. o m o o
8. t> o ể o 8. • o o o 8. o • o o 8. • o o Ỏ
â. o Ỏ o • 9. o Ỏ • o 9. ỏ o • Ỏ 9. o o o •
íe. o o # o 10. Ỏ Õ o m 10. o • o Ỏ 10. o o & o
44: o •- o o 11.• o o o 11. O o Õ •
• 11.o • o
o
12. o o Ỏ • 12. o o o é 12. • o 0 o 12. ỏ ò • o
13. o o • o 13. é o o o " 13. o • o Ỏ 13. o o o e
14. é Ỏ o o 14. o • o Ỏ 14. • o Ỏ o 14. o • Ỏ o
.

15. o o o • 15. Ỏ o • o 15. o o Õ • . 15. • o o o

13 14 15 16
1. • o o o 1. o • o o 1. o o • o 1. o o • o
2. o o • o 2. • o o o 2. o • o o 2. • o o o
3. o • o o 3. o o o • 3. • Ỏ o o 3 o o o •
4. o o o • 4. o o V o 4. o • o o 4. o • o o
5. • o o o 5. o o o • 5. o o • o 5: o o o •
6. o o o • 6. Ỏ o • ò 6. • o o o 6. o o • o
7. o • o o 7. o • o o 7. o o o • 7. • Ó o o
9. o
8 • •o o
o o o 9. • o o
8. o o • Ỏo 9. o o
8. Ỏ • o oo • 9.
8. Ỏ o o
o •o o •
10. Ỏ o o • 10. o o ỏ é 10. Ỏ o • o 10. o Ỏ • o
11. Ỏ Ỏ • o 11. • o Ỏ o 11. • o o o 11. • o o o
12. • o o o 12. o • G.o o
12. o Ỏ • 12. o o o •
.

13. Ỗ Ỏ • o 13. o o • o 13. • o o o 13. o • o o

14. o • Ỏ Ỏ 14. Ỏ • o o 14. Ỏ • o o 14. • o o Ỏ
15. o o o • 15. • o o o 15. o o o • 15. o o • o
17 18 19 20
1. • o o o 1. o o o » 1. o o • o 1. o o o •
2. Õ Ò • o 2. o o • o 2. • o o o 2. o • o o
3. • o o o 3. o • o ó 3. o o o. • 3. • o Ỏ o
4. o o o • 4. • o o o 4. o • o o 4. o o o •
5. o • o o 5. o o o • 5. o o o • 5. o o • : Ỏ
6. o o • o 6. o Ỏ • o 6. • o o o 6. o o o •
7. Ỏ o o • 7. o • o Ỏ 7. o o • Ỏ 7. o • o Ò
8. o o • o 8. • o Ỏ o 8- o o o * 8 • o o Ỏ
9. • o o o 9. o • o o 9. o • o o 9. o Ó • o
10. o • o o 10- o o o é 10. p o o • 10. o • o o
11. 0 0 , 0 • 11. • o o o 11. 0 • o o 11 • o o o
12. o • o o 12. o o • o 12. * o o o 12. o o • Q
13. ỏ o o • 13. Ò • o Ỏ 13. o • o Ỏ 13. • o o o
14. é o o Õ 14. o o • o 14. o Ỏ • o 14. o Ỏ o •
15. Õ • o o 15. o o o • 15. • o Ỏ Ỏ 15. Ò Ò • o
136
21 22 p 23 24
1. o o o o 1. • o o 0 1. o • o o 1. o 0 o •
.2. • o o o 2. o o • 0 2. • o o o 2. o • o o
3. o o o • 3. o o o • 3. o o • o .3. • o o o
4. o • o o 4. o o • o 4. o © o o 4. o o e o
5 o o • o 5. o • o o 5. o o o • 5. o o o 9
6. o o o o 6. o o o • 6. • o o o 6. o • o o
7 o o o • 7. o • o o 7. o o • o 7. • o o o
8. • o o o 8. • o o o 8. o o o • 8. o o • o
9. o o • o 9. o o m o 9. o o • o 9. • o o o
10. • o o o 10. o o G é 10. • o o o 10. o • o o
11. o o o • 11. o o • o 11. o o o • 11. o o • o
12. o • o o 12. o • o o 12. o • o o 12. # o o o
13. • o o o 13. • o o o 13. o o • o 13. o o o •
14. o o • o 14. o • o o 14. o o o « 14. o • o o
15. o o o • 15. o o o • 15. • o o o 15. o o • o
25 26 27 28
1. o o • o 1. • o o o 1. • o o o 1. o o o o
2. o o o • 2. o o .é o 2. o • o o 2. o o • o
3. o • o o 3. o • o o 3. o o o • 3. • o o o
4. o o • o 4. o o o • 4. o • 0 o 4. o e o o
5. • oo o 5. • o o o 5. o o o • 5. o o o •
6. o o • o 6. o • o o 6. • o o o 6. o o • o
7. o o o é 7. o o • o 7. o o • o 7. * o o o
8 o o. • o 8. o • o o 8. • o o o 8. o o o •
9. • o o o 9. o o o • 9. o o • o 9. o • o o
10. o • o o 10. o o • o 10. o o o • 10. o o #
o • ooo
11. 11. • o o o 11. o • o o 11. o o o •
12. o • o o 12. o • o o 12. o o o • 12. • o o o
13. • o o o 13. o o o • 13. • o o o 13. o o o é
14. o o o • 14. o o • o 14. o o • Ó 14. e o o o
15. o • o o ' 15. o o o • 15. o • 0 -0 15. o o • o
29 30 31 32
1. o o • o 1. o o • o 1. o • o o 1. o o o 0
2. o • o o 2. é o o o 2. o o • o 2. o • o o
3. • o o o 3. o G • o 3. • o o o 3. • o o o
4. o o o • 4. o • o o 4. o o o • 4. o o • 0
5. o • o o 5. 0 0 .0 • 5. o • o o 5. o • o o
6. o o o • 6. o • o o 6. o o o • 6. o o o •
7. Õ o • o 7. o o o • 7. o • o o 7. • o o o
8. o o o • 8. • o o o 8. • o o o 8. o o o •
9. o • o o 9. o o o • ■ 9. o o o • 9. o • o o
10. o o o • 10. o • o o 10. o o • o 10. o o • o
11. • o o o 11. o o • o 11. o • o o 11. o o o o
12. o o • o 12. • o o o 12. • o o o 12. o o • o
13. o • o o 13. o o o 13. o o • o 13. o o o •
14. e o o o 14. o • o o • 14. o o o • 14. • o o o
15. o o • o 15. o o o • 15. • o o o 15. o • o o
137
33 34 35 36
1. o o o 1. o o o • 1. o # o o . 1, €> o o
o
2. o • Q o 2 o • o o 2. • o o o 2. o o • o
3 • o o o 3. o o o • 3. o o • o 3. i» o o o
4. o o o • 4> o 9 o o 4. o • o o 4. o o o é
5. o o • o 5. o o • o 5. o o o • 5. o • o o
6. o o o • 6. • o o o '6. o o • r \ c o • o
r \

7. o o o • 7. 0 Õo o 7. c 'o
7. o • o o
9. 9. o o • o 9. o o • o 9. m
• oo oo
810.c•o ooo oo• o•o 8.
10. moo oo oo 8. o oo •o
10 om o 8.
10. c
• oo oo •o
11. o • o o 11. w rw \ AA.o o •
11. o 9 o o t t
o
12. • o o o 12. o o o • 12. o o o • 12. o o o •
13. o o o • 13. 0 o c 13. o o • o 13. o • o o
14. o • o o 14. o • i'.
. ■J 14. o oo• 14. o o • o
15. o o • o 15. o o © o 15. • o o o 15. o * o o
37 38 39 40
1. o o o • 1. o o • o 1. o o Ô o 1. • o o o
2 • o o o 2 o o o • 2. o o o 2. o o o •
3. o o o • 3. • o o o 3 o 0 o o 3. • o o o
4. o • o o 4. o o • o 4. o o o • 4. o 9 o o
5 0o o• o o•
6. 6. o
5. • oo o • 5. o• o o• o
6. 5. o o o• o•
6.
7. o o • o 7. o • o o 7. o • o o 7. o • o o
8. • o o o 8. o o o • 8. • o o o 8. o o o •
9. o o • o 9. • o o o 9. o • o o 9. o o • o
10. • o o o 10. o • o o 10. o o • o 10. o • o
o
11. o • o o 11. o o o • 11. o o o • 11. • o o o
12. • o o o 12. • o o Ọ 12. • o o o 12. o o o •
13. o o 0 o 13. o o • 0 13. o • o o 13- o o •
o
14. o • o o 14. o • o o 14. o o o • 14. o o o

138