ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC, Affiliated to JNTU, Kakinada)

(An ISO 9001: 2015 Certified Institution)
Govt Polytechnic Post, ITI Road, ALC Campus, Near Ramesh Hospital, Vijayawada-8
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REGULATION: R23 Academic year : 2024-25 Sem : II – I
Subject: DC Machines & Transformers
Cognitive levels: L1– Remember, L2-Understanding, L3- Applying / Analyzing
Unit-I
S. No. Question Marks Level
1 Sketch the construction of DC Machine & explain in detail about the each part? 10 L2
2 Derive the expression for EMF generated in the armature of a DC Generator? 10 L1
3 Classify DC machines, Sketch and explain the characteristics of dc generators? 10 L3
Explain open circuit characteristics of DC generator and also explain how to find
4 10 L1
critical field resistance-critical speed of DC generator?
Analyze the reasons for a shunt generator not to build up voltage? Explain the
5 10 L3
remedial measures?
6 Discuss in detail & plot characteristics of DC generators with necessary equations 10 L2
Explain about the significance of back e.m.f in a DC motor? Derive the EMF
7 10 L1
equation of a DC motor?
8 Define Torque and Derive the Expression for different types of torque. 10 L1
An 8 pole DC generator has per pole flux of 40 mWb and winding is connected in
lap with 960 conductors. Calculate the generated EMF on open circuit when it
6 10 L2
runs at 400 rpm. If the armature is wave wound, at what speed must the machine
be driven to generate the same voltage?
A separately excited generator, when running at 1000rpm supplied 200A at 125V.
7 What will be the load current when the speed drops to 800rpm. If field current is 10 L2
unchanged? Given the armature resistance=0.04Ω & brush drop = 2V.
An 8 pole DC generator has per pole flux of 40mWb and winding is connected in
lap with 960 conductors. Calculate the generated EMF on open circuit when it
8 10 L2
runs at 400 rpm. If the armature is wave wound, at what speed must the machine
be driven to generate the same voltage.
A 1500 kw, 600V, 16-pole separately excited DC generator runs at 200 rpm. It
9 has 2,500 lap connected conductors and full – load copper losses are 25 KW. 10 L2
Calculate the useful flux per pole.
The open-circuit characteristics of a separately excited D.C. generator driven at
1000 r.p.m.is as follows:
Field Current 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
10 E.M.F.volts 30 55 75 90 100 110 115 120 10 L2
If the machine is connected as a shunt generator and driven at 1000 r.p.m. and has
a field resistance of 100 ohm, find i) open circuit voltage & exciting current ii)
the critical resistance and iii) resistance to induce 115 volts on open circuit.
A long shunt compound generator supplies a load at 250V. The load consists of
five motors each drawing 60A and a lighting load of 250 lamps at 100W each.
11 10 L2
The armature, series field and shunt field resistances are 0.01, 0.02 and 75Ω
respectively. Find (i) load current (ii) armature current (iii) emf generated.
Describe and Derive the expressions for demagnetizing Ampere turn per pole and
13 10 L1
Cross magnetizing Ampere Turn per pole?
 ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC, Affiliated to JNTU, Kakinada)
(An ISO 9001: 2015 Certified Institution)
Govt Polytechnic Post, ITI Road, ALC Campus, Near Ramesh Hospital, Vijayawada-8
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Unit-II Marks Level
Sketch the connection diagram of Three point starter, describe the working of a
1 10 L2
Three point starter used for a DC Shunt motor
Explain the principle and operation of four point starter with the help of a neat
2 10 L1
sketch.
What are the different speed control methods of DC motor? Analyze each method
3 10 L3
and enumerate advantages and disadvantages.
4 Sketch and explain the characteristics of a dc motors with necessary equations 10 L2
5 Discuss in detail about the different losses observed in the DC Machines 10 L1
Define Efficiency? Derive the expression for Efficiency of DC Motor and
6 10 L2
determine condition to get the maximum efficiency?
A 240 V shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.2 Ω and takes armature
7 current of 20 A on full-load. The electromagnetic torque being constant, by how 10 L2
much must the flux be reduced to increase the speed by 40%?
In 300kw, 500V, 6pole lap winding dc generator has 70slots with 12conductors
8 per slot. if the brushes are advanced by 3.33 mechanical degrees. Find the number 10 L2
of demagnetising ampere turns required per pole
A 480 V, 20 kW shunt motor takes 2.5 A when running at no-load. Taking the
9 armature resistance to be 0.6 Ω, field resistance to be 800 Ω and brush drop 2 V, 10 L2
find the full-load efficiency.
A 11 kW, 240 V shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 Ω and a field
resistance of 200 Ω. At no-load and rated voltage, the speed is 1250 rpm and the
armature current is 3 A. At full-load and rated voltage, the line current is 48 A
10 10 L2
and because of armature reaction, the flux is 4% less than its no-load value.
Determine the (i) developed torque at no-load (ii) full-load speed and (iii)
developed torque at full-load
The armature of a 4 pole lap wound dc machine has core length = 50 cm,
diameter = 70 cm, total conductors = 500, speed =1200 rpm and current = 25 A.
11 10 L1
For an average flux density of 0.7 T, find the electromagnetic (or gross
mechanical) power developed and the internal torque.
Describe about brake test that is to be conducted on DC shunt motor to determine
12 10 L1
the efficiency with neat diagram.
With neat diagram, explain the Swinburne’s test conducted on DC shunt motors
13 10 L2
and write the advantages and limitations of this test? Enumerate all calculations.
Explain the procedure to conduct Hopkinson’s test on a dc machines with the help
14 of a neat circuit diagram and hence explain how the test data is useful to calculate 10 L3
machine efficiency?
Explain the procedure to conduct Field test on a dc series machines with the help
15 of a neat circuit diagram and hence explain how the test data is useful to calculate 10 L3
machine efficiency?
 ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC, Affiliated to JNTU, Kakinada)
(An ISO 9001: 2015 Certified Institution)
Govt Polytechnic Post, ITI Road, ALC Campus, Near Ramesh Hospital, Vijayawada-8
**********************************************************************************************

Unit-III Marks Level

Explain the operation of transformer and derive the expression for induced EMF
1 10 L2
in the transformer
Draw and explain the operation of transformer with the help of phasor diagram
2 10 L2
with No-load, lagging and leading load conditions.
3 Describe the construction of transformer with the neat sketch? 10 L2
a) List out the types of transformers and give the differences between Core and
5 L2
Shell type transformers?
4
b) List out the types of cooling techniques in the transformer and explain any one
5 L2
technique in brief?
Draw the exact equivalent circuit of a transformer and derive the equivalent
5 10 L3
circuits referred to primary and secondary.
What is the regulation of a transformer? Derive the expression for Voltage
6 10 L2
Regulation of Transformer?
Define efficiency of the transformer? Derive the expression for condition for
7 10 L2
maximum efficiency of the transformer?
List out the losses in the transformer and explain in detail with necessary
8 10 L2
equations? elaborate the effect of frequency variation on the losses.
a) What is all-day efficiency? Derive the expression for all day efficiency? 5 L2
b) Find the all-day efficiency of 500-kVA distribution transformer whose copper
loss and iron loss at full load are 4.5 kW and 3.5 kW respectively. During a day
of 24 hours, it is loaded as under: (Refer B.L.Thereja, page No:1181)
9 No. of hours Loading in kW Power factor 5 L3
6 400 0.8
10 300 0.75
4 100 0.8
4 0 ---
a) A single phase transformer has 500turns in the primary & 1200turns in the
secondary. The cross-sectional area of the core is 80 sq.cm. If the primary
5 L3
winding is connected to a 50Hz supply at 500V, calculate (i) Peak flux-density,
(ii) Voltage induced in the secondary. (Refer B.L.Thereja, page No:1124)
10
b) When a transformer is connected to a 1000-V, 50-Hz supply the core loss is
1000W, of which 650W is hysteresis and 350W is eddy current loss. If the
5 L3
applied voltage is raised to 2000 V and the frequency to 100 Hz, find the new
core losses. (Refer B.L.Thereja, page No:1149)
A 50kVA, 4,400/220V transformer has R1=3.45Ω, R2=0.009Ω. The values of
reactances are X1=5.2Ω, X2=0.015Ω. Calculate (i) equivalent resistance as
11 referred to primary & Seconadary (ii) equivalent reactance as referred to both 10 L3
primary & secondary (iii) equivalent impedance as referred to both primary &
secondary (Refer B.L.Thereja, page No:1136)
A single-phase transformer supplies a load of 20kVA at a p.f. of 0.8 (lagging).
The iron loss of the transformer is 200W and the copper losses at this load are
12 10 L3
180W. Calculate (i) the efficiency (ii) the new efficiency if the load is now
changed to 30 kVA at a p.f. of 0.9 (lagging).
 ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC, Affiliated to JNTU, Kakinada)
(An ISO 9001: 2015 Certified Institution)
Govt Polytechnic Post, ITI Road, ALC Campus, Near Ramesh Hospital, Vijayawada-8
**********************************************************************************************

Unit-IV Marks Level

With neat circuit, explain the procedure to conduct Open Circuit test on a Single-
1 10 L2
Phase transformer and write the expressions related to it?
With neat circuit, explain the procedure to conduct Short Circuit test on a Single-
2 10 L2
Phase transformer and write the expressions related to it?
Draw the circuit diagram of Sumpner’s test and derive the equation for efficiency
3 10 L2
of each transformer.
Compare the objectives & outcomes of no-load and full load tests on the
4 10 L1
transformer.
Describe in detail about the parallel operation of transformers having equal voltage
5 10 L2
ratios and unequal voltage ratios with neat circuit diagrams?
Define Auto Transformer? Derive the expression for saving of copper for single
6 10 L2
winding transformer? Write the advantages and applications?
a) Two 1-phase transformers with equal turns have impedances of (0.5 + j3) ohm
and (0.6 + j10) ohm with respect to the secondary. If they operate in parallel,
5 L2
determine how they will share a total load of 100 kW at p.f. 0.8 lagging? (Refer
B.L.Thereja, page No:1196)
7
b) The primary and secondary voltages of an auto-transformer are 500 V and 400 V
respectively. Show with the aid of diagram, the current distribution in the winding
5 L3
when the secondary current is 100 A and calculate the economy of Cu in this
particular case. (Refer B.L.Thereja, page No:1188)
A 10 kVA, 1 phase, 50 Hz, 500/250 V transformer gave following test results:
OC test (LV) side: 250 V, 3.0 A, 200 W
8 SC test (LV) side: 15 V, 30 A, 300 W. 10 L3
Draw the equivalent circuit and also Calculate efficiency, regulation at full load,
0.8 p.f. lagging. (Refer B.L.Thereja, page No:1176)
9 Explain about the comparison of Auto transformer with two winding transformer? 10 L2
 ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC, Affiliated to JNTU, Kakinada)
(An ISO 9001: 2015 Certified Institution)
Govt Polytechnic Post, ITI Road, ALC Campus, Near Ramesh Hospital, Vijayawada-8
**********************************************************************************************

Unit-V Marks Level

With neat circuit, Explain the star-delta, delta-star connection with a suitable
1 10 L2
diagram. What are the uses and applications of this connection?
With neat circuit, Explain the star-star, delta-delta connection with a suitable
2 10 L2
diagram. What are the uses and applications of this connection?
With neat circuit, Explain the open delta connection with a suitable diagram. What
3 10 L2
are the uses and applications of this connection?
List out the advantages and disadvantages of poly phase connections in a three-
4 10 L2
phase transformer?
Explain the working of Off-Load and on-load tap changing transformer with help
5 10 L1
of neat diagram.
Describe in detail about the parallel operation of three phase transformers and list
6 10 L2
out the conditions?
a) A load of 500 kVA at 0.8 power factor lagging is to be shared by two three
phase transformers A and B of equal ratings. If the equivalent delta impedances as
5 L2
referred to secondary are (2 + j6) Ω for A and (2 + j5) Ω for B, calculate the load
supplied by each transformer (Refer B.L.Thereja, page No:1237)
7
b) A 3-ph, delta/star connected 11,000/440 V, 50 Hz transformer takes a line
current of 5 amp, when secondary Load of 0.8 Lagging p.f. is connected.
5 L3
Determine each coil current and output of transformer. (Refer B.L.Thereja, page
No:1221)
Describe the existence of third harmonics in the 3-phase transformer operation with
8 10 L3
relevant waveforms.
Draw the connection diagram and explain the outcomes of Scott connection of
9 10 L2
three phase transformers.