Position Paper
ECOSOC
Agenda: Promoting Alternative sources of energy in Underdeveloped and Developing
Countries
Country: Iceland
History
• During World War II, Iceland was occupied by British and later American forces to
prevent potential German occupation, this period of foreign presence prompted
discussions about Iceland's political future. In 1944, Iceland declared itself a republic,
fully independent from Denmark.
• Iceland's economy diversified over the decades, moving beyond its traditional reliance on
agriculture and fishing. The country developed a robust geothermal energy sector, and its
natural beauty attracted tourism. However, Iceland also faced economic challenges,
notably the financial crisis of 2008, which had a profound impact on its economy.
• Iceland has played an active role in environmental conservation and sustainable
development. Its use of renewable energy sources, particularly geothermal and
hydroelectric power, has garnered global attention. Additionally, Iceland has been
involved in international organizations and diplomacy, seeking to contribute positively to
global issues.
• Throughout its history, Iceland's isolation, unique culture, and resilient spirit have
contributed to its distinctive identity and development.
Geopolitical position
• Iceland's geopolitical position is unique due to its location in the North Atlantic Ocean,
near the Arctic Circle. Its strategic location has historically influenced its interactions
with neighboring countries and global powers.
• Iceland is situated in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, roughly equidistant from North
America and Europe. This central location has led to its classification as a
transcontinental island, with one part of the island located on the North American
tectonic plate and the other on the Eurasian plate.
• Iceland is considered a Nordic country and holds a strategic position in the Arctic region.
Its proximity to the Arctic Circle has gained significance due to the changing geopolitical
dynamics in the Arctic as climate change affects the region's accessibility and resources.
• Iceland's maritime economic zone, known as the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), is
vast due to its location. This zone is rich in marine resources and has contributed
significantly to the country's economy through fishing and related industries.
• Iceland's access to abundant geothermal and hydroelectric energy resources has
influenced its self-sufficiency and economic prospects. The country's energy capabilities
make it less reliant on imported energy resources.
• Iceland's geopolitical position and relatively small size have led to a diplomatic approach
that emphasizes cooperation, human rights, and international engagement. The country
has been involved in various international organizations and forums, including the United
Nations.
• Given its Arctic presence, Iceland is a member of the Arctic Council, an
intergovernmental forum for promoting cooperation among Arctic states and addressing
issues related to the region's environment and development.
• Due to its central location between North America and Europe, Iceland has maintained
strong connections with both regions. It is a NATO member and hosts the U.S. military
presence at Keflavik Air Base.
Iceland & the UN
• Iceland became a member of the United Nations on December 19, 1946, shortly after
gaining independence from Denmark in 1944. As a UN member state, Iceland is part of
the international community and engages in diplomatic, political, and humanitarian
efforts under the UN's umbrella.
• While Iceland does not have a military force of its own, it has contributed to international
peacekeeping efforts through participation in UN missions. Iceland has historically
supported peacekeeping operations, focusing on civilian and humanitarian aspects of
conflict resolution.
• Given its commitment to environmental sustainability and renewable energy, Iceland
often participates in UN initiatives related to climate change, sustainable development,
and environmental protection. The country's expertise in geothermal energy and its
approach to conserving natural resources align well with the UN's Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).
• Iceland is known for its strong stance on human rights and gender equality. The country
often participates in discussions and initiatives related to these areas within the UN.
Iceland's proactive approach to gender equality aligns with the UN's efforts to promote
gender parity globally.
• As a Nordic island nation located in the North Atlantic and near the Arctic Circle, Iceland
is concerned with Arctic affairs and the impacts of climate change on the region. It
engages with the UN's work on Arctic-related issues, considering the environmental,
economic, and geopolitical implications.
• Iceland, despite being a small country, has contributed to international development
efforts, often focusing on niche areas where it has expertise. This includes contributions
to UN programs aimed at assisting developing countries and promoting sustainable
development practices.
• Iceland has supported various UN agencies in providing humanitarian assistance to
regions affected by natural disasters, conflicts, and other crises. The country's relatively
small size doesn't deter it from playing a role in global humanitarian efforts.
• Iceland's engagement with the UN allows it to advocate for its values, interests, and
priorities on the global stage. The country uses its UN membership to promote
international cooperation, human rights, environmental protection, and other key areas.
• Iceland's relationship with the United Nations showcases its commitment to contributing
to global efforts for peace, sustainability, and human rights. Despite its small population,
Iceland actively participates in various UN initiatives, leveraging its expertise and values
to make a meaningful impact on the world stage.
Iceland’s Sustainable Energy System
• Iceland has taken significant steps to reduce its reliance on non-renewable resources and
transition towards a more sustainable energy system. The country's unique geographical
and geological features have enabled it to harness abundant renewable energy sources,
primarily geothermal and hydroelectric power.
• Iceland is situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, resulting in substantial geothermal activity.
The country has tapped into this resource to provide heating, electricity, and even hot
water for its population. Geothermal energy accounts for a significant portion of Iceland's
energy consumption and has drastically reduced the need for non-renewable sources like
coal or oil for heating and electricity generation.
• Iceland's numerous rivers and waterfalls provide an ideal setting for hydroelectric power
generation. The country has built multiple hydroelectric power plants that generate clean
electricity without depleting finite fossil fuel reserves.
• Iceland's focus on renewable energy has led to a relatively low reliance on imported
fossil fuels for energy generation. This reduces exposure to volatile international oil
markets and enhances energy security.
• By utilizing renewable energy sources, Iceland has significantly reduced its greenhouse
gas emissions. The country's power generation and heating systems produce minimal
carbon emissions compared to nations heavily reliant on fossil fuels.
• Iceland has shared its expertise in renewable energy with other nations, assisting them in
developing their own sustainable energy systems. This collaboration contributes to global
efforts to reduce non-renewable resource use.
• By leveraging its natural advantages and demonstrating the viability of renewable energy,
Iceland showcases the potential for a cleaner, greener energy future.
• Iceland's government has been proactive in promoting alternative sources of energy,
particularly renewable energy, as part of its commitment to sustainability, environmental
conservation, and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources.
• Iceland has set ambitious renewable energy targets, including a goal to be carbon-neutral
by 2040. These targets provide a clear roadmap for the transition to renewable energy
sources.
• The government supports research and innovation in renewable energy technologies.
Funding is provided for research projects aimed at improving the efficiency and
effectiveness of renewable energy systems.
• The government's focus on renewable energy has strengthened Iceland's energy
independence and security. By relying on domestic renewable resources, the country
reduces its vulnerability to fluctuations in global energy markets.
• The government has taken steps to promote green transportation, including incentives for
electric vehicles (EVs) and the installation of EV charging infrastructure.
• The government considers environmental and conservation factors in land use planning
to ensure that renewable energy projects are developed responsibly and in harmony with
the natural environment.
• The government encourages the growth of green industries and businesses that are
aligned with renewable energy and sustainability goals.
• The government's initiatives have positioned Iceland as a global leader in renewable
energy utilization and serve as a model for other nations seeking to reduce their carbon
footprint.
Policies, Laws, Treaties & Past Actions
• Iceland has implemented a range of policies, laws, and treaties to establish and promote
its sustainable energy system. These efforts are aimed at utilizing the country's abundant
renewable energy sources while ensuring environmental sustainability and minimizing its
carbon footprint.
• Iceland's National Energy Strategy outlines the country's approach to energy policy,
focusing on utilizing its renewable energy resources for electricity generation, heating,
and transportation. The strategy emphasizes the importance of reducing greenhouse gas
emissions and promoting energy efficiency.
• Various acts and regulations have been established to govern the development and
operation of hydroelectric power plants. These acts outline environmental assessments,
permits, and monitoring requirements to ensure sustainable hydropower development.
• Similar to hydropower, geothermal regulations oversee the exploration, exploitation, and
use of geothermal resources for energy purposes. These regulations prioritize responsible
resource management and environmental protection.
• Iceland's Climate Action Plan outlines the country's commitment to reducing greenhouse
gas emissions across sectors. It includes specific targets for emission reductions, energy
efficiency improvements, and renewable energy expansion.
• Iceland invests in research and development initiatives focused on renewable energy
technologies. Government funding supports research projects that aim to improve the
efficiency and sustainability of geothermal and hydroelectric systems.
• Paris Agreement: Iceland is a signatory of the Paris Agreement, committing to reducing
its greenhouse gas emissions and contributing to global efforts to limit global warming.
• Kyoto Protocol: Iceland ratified the Kyoto Protocol and has set emissions reduction
targets in line with its commitments.
• Energy Charter Treaty: Iceland is a member of the Energy Charter Treaty, an
international agreement promoting energy cooperation, investment, and transit.
• Iceland's electricity market regulations ensure fair competition, grid access, and efficient
operation of the electricity sector. These regulations promote the integration of renewable
energy sources into the grid.
• Iceland's policies and actions align with the United Nations Sustainable Development
Goals, particularly those related to affordable and clean energy, climate action, and
responsible consumption and production.
• Iceland collaborates with international organizations, research institutions, and other
countries to share knowledge and expertise in sustainable energy practices.
Iceland’s Role in Assisting Developing & Underdeveloped Countries
• Iceland has played a role in assisting developing and underdeveloped countries in their
efforts to adopt alternative sources of energy, particularly renewable energy. While
Iceland's contributions may not be on a large scale compared to larger countries, its
expertise in harnessing renewable energy and its commitment to international cooperation
have led to various initiatives aimed at sharing knowledge, technology, and capacity-
building. Here are some ways in which Iceland has helped other countries with
alternative energy:
• Geothermal Expertise Sharing: Iceland has actively shared its expertise in geothermal
energy with other countries. Through workshops, training programs, and partnerships,
Icelandic experts have provided guidance on geothermal exploration, drilling techniques,
and plant operation.
• Technical Assistance and Training: Iceland's institutions and experts have provided
technical assistance and training to developing countries seeking to develop their own
renewable energy projects. This includes knowledge transfer related to project design,
resource assessment, and implementation.
• Bilateral Partnerships: Iceland has established bilateral partnerships with various
countries, especially in Africa and Latin America, to assist them in developing and
utilizing renewable energy resources. These partnerships often involve technology
transfer, capacity building, and project collaboration.
• International Organizations and Initiatives: Iceland participates in international
organizations and initiatives that focus on sustainable energy development. For example,
the United Nations and various renewable energy associations provide platforms for
knowledge sharing and collaboration.
• Education and Scholarships: Icelandic universities and institutions offer scholarships and
training opportunities to students from developing countries, enabling them to learn about
renewable energy technologies and sustainable practices.
• Research Collaboration: Iceland collaborates with research institutions from other
countries to advance renewable energy research and innovation. Joint projects and
knowledge-sharing contribute to the global understanding of sustainable energy
technologies.
• Support for Small Island Developing States (SIDS): Iceland recognizes the energy
challenges faced by small island nations and supports them in developing sustainable
energy solutions. This assistance can include feasibility studies, technical assessments,
and capacity building.
• Clean Energy Diplomacy: Iceland's foreign policy often includes promoting clean energy
diplomacy. The country advocates for the use of renewable energy in international
forums, encouraging other nations to transition to sustainable energy sources.
• International Workshops and Seminars: Iceland hosts workshops, seminars, and
conferences that bring together experts from around the world to discuss renewable
energy challenges, share experiences, and exchange best practices.
Solutions that are Proposed by Iceland to Promote Alternative Sources of Energy
Across the Globe
• Advocate and Raise Awareness
• Policy and Regulatory Support
• Financial Support and Funding
• Technology Transfer and Capacity Building
• Partnerships and Collaborations
• Support Research and Innovation
• Promote International Agreements
• Education and Capacity Development
• Showcase Successful Examples
• Promote Renewable Energy in Humanitarian Situations
• Renewable Energy Targets
• Supportive Policies and Incentives
• Research and Innovation
• Energy Independence and Security
• Green Transport Initiatives
• International Cooperation and Knowledge Sharing
• Sustainable Land Use Planning
• Promotion of Green Businesses
• Climate Change Mitigation
References:
https://cdn.britannica.com/85/1485-004-94C3DEDA/Flag-Iceland.jpg
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Iceland
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