FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING KRCHN SEPT/2021.

END OF SEMISTER 1 EXAM.

SECTION 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (20MKS)

1. Which of the following is the most appropriate position for nasogastric

tube feeding? (1mk)
A. Prone position
B. Sim’s position
C. Fowler’s position
D. Lateral position
2. What is the normal range of pulse rate in an adult? (1mk)
A. 16-20 beats/min
B. 40-60 beats/min
C. 120-160 beats/min
D. 60-100 beats/min
3. What is the mechanical device used to prevent foot drop? (1mk)
A. Bed block
B. Foot rest
C. Knee rest
D. Back rest
4. A pureed diet (1mk)
A. Has reduced fibre and cellulose
B. Eliminates chemical and mechanical food irritants
C. Provides food that has been blenderized to a smooth consistency
D. Eliminates milk and all dairy products except yoghurt
5. Which of the following position isused to promote venous return and to
revent shock? (1mk)
A. Dorsal recumbent
B. Reverse Trendelenburg
C. Horizontal recumbent
D. Trendelenburg
6. A fellow nurse who is working on another unit asks to read the chart of
your assigned client. Which one of the following criteria would enable
the nurse to have access to the chart? (1mk)
A. Be unrelated to the client
B. Have a current nursing license
C. Have client’s verbal permission
D. Be directly involved in the client’s care
7. Intradermal injection is given at which angle? (1mk)
A. 15 degrees
B. 30 degrees
C. 45 degrees
D. 90 degrees
8. The sequence of taking vital signs in a newborn infant is (1mk)
A. Temperature – pulse – respiration
B. Pulse – respiration – temperature
C. Respiration – pulse – temperature
D. Respiration – temperature – pulse
9. A nurse getting report at the beginning of the shift learns that an
assigned client has hyperpyrexia. The nurse realises that this client is
experiencing which of the following signs or symptoms? (1mk)
A. Extreme bleeding of the gums
B. A very high fever
C. Waxy flexibility of the muscles
D. 3rd degree burns over much of the body
10. A bland diet consists of? (1mk)
A. High carbohydrate
B. High fat
C. Roughage
D. Non-irritating foods
11. When measuring the blood pressure in the upper arm, the chest
piece of the stethoscope is placed over which of the following arteries?
(1mk)
A. Axillary
B. Brachial
C. Radial
D. Ulnar
12. A nursing intervention designed to decrease the risk of infection
in a patient with an indwelling catheter includes (1mk)
A. Cleanse the area around the meatus
B. Empty catheter drainage bag at least daily
C. Change catheter tubing and bag every 48 hours
D. Maintain intake of 1200-1500mls every day
13. You are ready to take the client’s oral temperature. You ask this
client how long it has been since drinking something hot or cold or
smoking. The client admits having just drunk a cup of hot coffee. You
will wait how long before taking the temperature? (1mk)
A. 5 minutes
B. 10 minutes
C. 30 minutes
D. 20 minutes
14. The term emesis means (1mk)
A. Crepitus
B. Secretes
C. Excretes
D. Vomitus
15. Intake and output are measured over a period of (1mk)
A. 2 hours
B. 12 hours
C. 1 week
D. 24 hours
16. At the end of the shift, the nurse realises that she forgot to
document a dressing change that she performed for a patient. Which
action should the nurse take? (1mk)
A. Complete an occurrence report before leaving
B. Do nothing: the next nurse will document it was done
C. Write the note of the dressing change into an earlier note
D. Make a late entry as an additional to the narrative notes
17. Hypodermal injections are also known as (1mk)
A. Intramuscular
B. Intraperitoneal
C. Subcutaneous
D. Intravenous
18. Which of the following is the correct order of gastrointestinal
assessment (1mk)
A. Auscultation-percussion-palpation-inspection
B. Auscultation-palpation-percussion-inspection
C. Inspection-auscultation-percussion-palpation
D. Inspection-palpation-percussion-auscultation
19. The clinical manifestations that are objective are termed as
(1mk)
A. Signs
B. Symptoms
C. Adverse effects
D. Syndrome
20. What is the main purpose of cardiac bed? (1mk)
A. To increase appetite
B. To relieve dyspnoea
C. To keep the patient warm
D. To reduce mobility
 SECTION 2: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

1. List 4 functions of the Nurse. (4mks)

2. Define the following moral principles in nursing practice (5mks)
a) Autonomy
b) Beneficence
c) Non-maleficence
d) Veracity
e) Fidelity
3. State 3 ethical rights of a patient (3mks)
4. List 3 types of special beds used in the hospital. (3mks)
5. Explain the following types of baths (4mks)
a) Complete bed bath
b) Assisted bed bath
c) Partial bed bath
d) Sitz bath
6. Differentiate between uncomplicated grief and complicated grief.
(2mks)
7. Explain the following breathing patterns. (3mks)
a) Eupnoea
b) Orthopnoea
c) Tachypnoea
8. List the 5 environmental factors that influence the wellness of a
patient according to Florence Nightingale. (5mks)
9. Explain the following Medico-Legal terms (3mks)
a) Negligence
b) Euthanasia
c) Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
10. State 3 functions of the Nursing Council of Kenya (NCK) (3mks)
11. List 2 sites for pulse rate observation on a patient (2mks)
12. Explain 3 instances when observationof a patient’s vital signs is
necessary (3mks)

SECTION 3: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

1. You have reported to your working station for an afternoon shift at

12:30pm. In your custody, is a patient with a nasogastric tube in situ.
The patient is on a feeding schedule of a volume of 500mls 3 hourly.
He/she was fed lastly at 12noon.
a) What is the next time of feeding for this patient? (1mk)
b) Explain 3 methods you can use to check whether the nasogastric
tube is correctly place. (3mks)
c) Explain the procedure you shall use to feed this patient. (6mks)

2. As a nurse, your infection prevention and control procedures/measures

are pivotal to the safety of your patients and other health care service
providers as well as yourself.
a) List 3 colour coded bags used for waste segregation and explain
the purpose for each. (6mks)
b) Explain the procedure for a routine handwashing. (8mks)
c) Describe the chain of infection (6mks)

3. Before a nurse administered a drug, she checked the name of the

patient on the order, confirmed with the relative about the identity of
their patient and asked the patient to identify him/herself.
a) Which right of medication administration was she observing?
(1mk)
b) List 2 types of parenteral drug packaging. (2mks)
c) Explain other 7 rights of medication administration. (7mks)