8 Approximate Values and Numerical Estimation

8 Approximate Values and Classwork

Numerical Estimation Classwork (p. 8.6)

(a) Approximate value
Quick Review
(b) Exact value
Let’s Try (p. 8.4)
1. (a) 53151 = 53 200 (cor. to the nearest hundred) (c) Exact value

(d) Approximate value

(b) 53151 = 53150 (cor. to the nearest ten)
Classwork (p. 8.11)
2. (a) 48.7631 = 48.8 (cor. to 1 d.p.) Most significant figure Number of
significant figures
(b) 48.7631 = 48.76 (cor. to the nearest hundredth) (a) 2 5
(b) 4 4
Review Exercise 8 (p. 8.4) (c) 1 6
1. (a) 9146 = 9150 (cor. to the nearest ten) (d) 3 6
(e) 9 3
(b) 9146 = 9100 (cor. to the nearest hundred)
Quick Practice
2. (a) 206.127 = 206.1 (cor. to1 d.p.)
Quick Practice 8.1 (p. 8.7)
(a) (i) 2 152 593  2 153 000
(b) 206.127 = 206.13 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
(ii) 2 152 593  2 152 000
3. (a) 4805.486 = 4810 (cor. to the nearest ten)
(b) (i) 369 102  369 110
(b) 4805.486 = 4805.5 (cor. to the nearest tenth) (ii) 369 102  369 100

100
4. (a) = 14.2857... Quick Practice 8.2 (p. 8.8)
7
(a) (i) 730.59  731
= 14 (cor. to the nearest integer)
(ii) 730.59  730
100
(b) = 14.2857...
7 (b) (i) 9.095  9.10
= 14.29 (cor. to 2 d.p.) (ii) 9.095  9.09

Activity Quick Practice 8.3 (p. 8.12)

(a) 43 954 = 44 000 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
Activity 8.1 (p. 8.9)
1.
(b) 43 954 = 44 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Digit 2 1 4 5
Place value thousand hundred ten unit
(c) 43 954 = 43 950 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.)
Value
represented 2000 100 40 5
by the digit Quick Practice 8.4 (p. 8.14)
(a) 0.003 98 = 0.004 (cor. to 1 sig. fig.)
2. (a) 2
(b) 0.003 98 = 0.0040 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
(b) The digit has the greatest place value.
Quick Practice 8.5 (p. 8.15)
Maths Dialogue (a) 630.94  640

Maths Dialogue (p. 8.14)

(a) from 0.055 (including 0.055) to 0.065 (not including (b) 630.94  630
0.065)

(b) from 0.0595 (including 0.0595) to 0.0605 (not including

0.0605)
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Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 1B Full Solutions

Quick Practice 8.6 (p. 8.15) 2. (a) 246.5  246

Average height of these 5 students
151.2 + 160.5 + 164.8 + 170.9 + 172.3
= cm (b) 0.8406  0.840
5
= (819.7  5) cm
= 163.94 cm 3. (a) 5.024  5.1
= 164 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b) 5.024  5.0
Quick Practice 8.7 (p. 8.20)
(a) 19.4 + 0.8 − 3.6  19 + 1 − 4 4. (a) 139.0928  139.10
= 16
(b) 139.0928  139.09
(b) 29.7  6.3  3.2  30  6  3
= 15 (c) 139.0928 = 139.09 (cor. to 2 d.p.)

Quick Practice 8.8 (p. 8.21) Consolidation Corner (p. 8.16)

(a) 143  52.6 − 86.9  22.31  150  60 − 90  30 1. (a) 175 000 = 200 000 (cor. to 1 sig. fig.)
= 9000 − 2700 175 000 = 180 000 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
= 6300 175 000 = 175 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) 143  52.6 − 86.9  22.31  140  50 − 80  20 (b) −0.064 95 = −0.06 (cor. to 1 sig. fig.)
= 7000 − 1600 −0.064 95 = −0.065 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
= 5400
−0.064 95 = −0.0650 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

Quick Practice 8.9 (p. 8.21)

(c) 0.9029 = 0.9 (cor. to 1 sig. fig.)
Average monthly salary of the 5 staff members
 20 678 + 19 420 + 14 270 + 13 310 + 12 650  0.9029 = 0.90 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
= $ 
 5  0.9029 = 0.903 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
 21 000 + 19 000 + 14 000 + 13 000 + 13 000 
 $ 
 5  2. (a) 1537.95 = 2000 (cor. to 1 sig. fig.)
= $80 000  5
= $16 000 (b) 1537.95  1600

Quick Practice 8.10 (p. 8.23) (c) 1537.95  1530

(a) (i) Total amount = $(70.8 + 43.5 + 19.6 + 84.2)
 $(80 + 50 + 20 + 90) 3. Total amount Alan had to return to the bank
= $240 = $2428  12
= $29 136
(ii) Total amount = $(70.8 + 43.5 + 19.6 + 84.2)
= $29 000 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
 $(70 + 40 + 10 + 80)
= $200
Consolidation Corner (p. 8.23)
1. (a) 405 + 19.5 − 32.7  410 + 20 − 30
(b) From the result of (a)(i), the total amount is at most $240. = 400
∵ $240 < $250
∴ Mrs Wong has enough money to buy all the items.
(b) 57.3 − 39.951  19.25  58 − 40  20
= 58 − 2
(c) From the result of (a)(ii), the total amount is at least $200.
∴ Mrs Wong’s claim is agreed. = 56

Consolidation Corner (c) 240.6  25.9 − 1083  240  25 − 1000

= 6000 − 1000
Consolidation Corner (p. 8.9) = 5000
1. (a) 1375  1400

(b) 4.71  4.8

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 8 Approximate Values and Numerical Estimation

2. (a) (i) Total amount of donations 7. (a) 1972.0154 = 1972 (cor. to the nearest integer)
= $(7322 + 5967 + 6065 + 7108)
 $(7400 + 6000 + 6100 + 7200) (b) 1972.0154  1972.1
= $26 700
(ii) Total amount of donations (c) 1972.0154  1972.01
= $(7322 + 5967 + 6065 + 7108)
 $(7300 + 5900 + 6000 + 7100) 8. (a) ∵ The leftmost non-zero digit of 2173 is 2.
= $26 300 ∴ The most significant figure is 2.

(b) From the result of (a)(ii), the total amount of (b) ∵ The leftmost non-zero digit of 1089 is 1.
donations is at least $26 300. ∴ The most significant figure is 1.
∵ $26 300 > $25 000
∴ Mr Chan’s claim is agreed. (c) ∵ The leftmost non-zero digit of 9.02 is 9.
∴ The most significant figure is 9.
Exercise
(d) ∵ The leftmost non-zero digit of 0.604 is 6.
∴ The most significant figure is 6.
Exercise 8A (p. 8.16)
Level 1
(e) ∵ The leftmost non-zero digit of 0.043 09 is 4.
1. (a) approximate value
∴ The most significant figure is 4.
(b) exact value
(f) ∵ The leftmost non-zero digit of 0.005 07 is 5.
(c) exact value ∴ The most significant figure is 5.

(d) approximate value 9. (a) Most significant figure = 2

Second significant figure = 6
2. (a) 58  60
Third significant figure = 8
(b) 183  190
(b) Most significant figure = 8
(c) 12.02  20 Second significant figure = 0
Third significant figure = 5
3. (a) 124  100

(c) Most significant figure = 1

(b) 2398  2300
Second significant figure = 0

(c) 245.9  200 Third significant figure = 5

4. (a) 5.86  5.9 (d) Most significant figure = 9

Second significant figure = 8
(b) 18.32  18.4 Third significant figure = 4

(c) 9.454  9.5 (e) Most significant figure = 1

Second significant figure = 5
5. (a) 1.243  1.24
Third significant figure = 2

(b) 23.987  23.98

(f) Most significant figure = 2

(c) 145.2558  145.25 Second significant figure = 1

Third significant figure = 3
6. (a) 15 462 = 15 000 (cor. to the nearest thousand)
10. (a) 598 = 600 (cor. to1 sig. fig.)
(b) 15 462  15 470
(b) 7846 = 8000 (cor. to 1 sig. fig.)
(c) 15 462  15 400
(c) 0.4109 = 0.4 (cor. to 1 sig. fig.)

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Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 1B Full Solutions

(d) 0.0754 = 0.08 (cor. to1 sig. fig.) (c) 799 300 mm = 0.7993 km
= 0.799 km (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
11. (a) 2754 = 2800 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
Level 2
(b) 3048 = 3000 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.) 17. (a) 238  300

(c) 0.014 99 = 0.015 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.) (b) 3104  4000

(d) 0.4999 = 0.50 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.) (c) 0.259  0.3

12. (a) (i) 180 068 = 180 000 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.) 18. (a) 512  510
(ii) 180 068 = 180 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b) 4699  4600
(b) (i) 4.7995 = 4.8 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
(ii) 4.7995 = 4.80 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) (c) 0.5056  0.50

(c) (i) 0.4959 = 0.50 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.) 19. (a) 0.060 48 = 0.06 (cor. to 2 d.p.)

(ii) 0.4959 = 0.496 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) 0.060 48  0.061

13. (a) (i) 253 901 = 254 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(c) 0.060 48  0.060
(ii) 253 901 = 253 900 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.)

(d) 0.060 48  0.0605 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) (i) 979.95 = 980 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(ii) 979.95 = 980.0 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.) 20. (a) 7092.2907 = 7090 (cor. to the nearest ten)

(c) (i) −0.450 545 = −0.451 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) 7092.2907  7092.2
(ii) −0.450 545 = −0.4505 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.)
(c) 7092.2907  7090
14. (a) Browsing count of the website last month
= 4 607 516
(d) 7092.2907  7092.30
= 4 608 000 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.)

21. (a) (i) $142 953.42 = $140 000 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
(b) Browsing count of the website last month
= 4 607 516 (ii) $142 953.42 = $143 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
= 4 607 500 (cor. to 5 sig. fig.)
(b) The approximate value found in (a)(ii) is more
7 accurate.
15. (a) = 0.7777...
9
22. (a) The significant figures of 266 are 2, 6 and 6.
= 0.78 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
∴ 266 has 3 significant figures.

11 (b) The significant figures of 80 523 are 8, 0, 5, 2 and 3.

(b) = 0.9166...
12 ∴ 80 523 has 5 significant figures.
= 0.92 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
(c) The significant figures of 1.02 are 1, 0 and 2.
∴ 1.02 has 3 significant figures.
3
(c) 1 = 1.012
250 (d) The significant figures of 0.9845 are 9, 8, 4 and 5.
= 1.0 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.) ∴ 0.9845 has 4 significant figures.

799 300 mm = 79 930 cm (e) The significant figures of 0.001 52 are 1, 5 and 2.
16. (a)
∴ 0.001 52 has 3 significant figures.
= 79 900 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(f) The significant figures of 0.021 00 are 2, 1, 0 and 0.
(b) 799 300 mm = 799.3 m ∴ 0.021 00 has 4 significant figures.
= 799 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

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 8 Approximate Values and Numerical Estimation

23. (a) The significant figures of 264 are 2, 6 and 4. (b) Average weight of these 6 students
∴ 264 has 3 significant figures. = (45.33  2.2) lb
= 99.726 lb
(b) The significant figures of 1800 are 1 and 8 when it is
= 100 lb (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
correct to the nearest hundred.
The significant figures of 1800 are 1, 8 and 0 when it
is correct to the nearest ten. 29. (a) 7995, 7996.5, 7997.2, 7999 (or any other reasonable
The significant figures of 1800 are 1, 8, 0 and 0 when answers)
it is correct to the nearest integer.
∴ 1800 has 2, 3 or 4 significant figures. (b) 7995

(c) The significant figures of 300 (correct to the nearest Exercise 8B (p. 8.24)
ten) are 3 and 0. Level 1
∴ 300 (correct to the nearest ten) has 2 significant 1. (a) 9.8 + 19.4  10 + 19
figures. = 29
(d) The significant figures of 5000 (correct to the nearest
integer) are 5, 0, 0 and 0. (b) 92.1 − 20.9  92 − 21
∴ 5000 (correct to the nearest integer) has = 71
4 significant figures.

24. (a) Length of each side (c) 2.38  9.6  2  10

78.94 = 20
= cm
7
= 11.277... cm (d) 11.7  3.4  12  3
= 11 cm (cor. to 2 sig. fig.) =4

(b) Length of each side 2. (a) 15.8 + 5.1 + 4.2  16 + 6 + 5

78.94 = 27
= cm
7
= 11.277... cm (b) 152.6 − 31.4 + 6.9  153 − 32 + 7
= 11.3 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) = 128

25. Thickness of a sheet of paper (c) 5.11  6.22 + 7.8  6  7 + 8

1.9765
= cm = 42 + 8
250
= 50
= 0.007 906 cm
= 0.079 06 mm
(d) 44.5  4.31 − 1.23  45  5 − 2
= 0.079 mm (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
=9−2
=7
26. Time taken for the sunlight to reach the earth from the sun
= 8 min 20 s
3. (a) 22.8 + 2.94 − 1.24  22 + 2 − 1
20
=8 min = 23
60
= 8.3333... min
= 8.33 min (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) (b) 96.9 − 1.09 − 13.154  96 − 1 − 13
= 82
27. Total weight of 24 packs of peanuts
= 24 162.7 g (c) 5.11 + 6.22  7.825  5 + 6  7
= 3904.8 g = 5 + 42
= 3.9048 kg = 47
= 3.90 kg (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(d) 132.42 − 120.915  4.6  132 − 120  4
28. (a) Average weight of these 6 students = 132 − 30
47.32 + 38.03 + 50.11 + 46.52 + 42.64 + 47.36 = 102
= kg
6
= (271.98  6) kg 4. (a) 34 261 − 23139 + 13 879  34 300 − 23100 + 13 900
= 45.33 kg = 25 100
= 45 kg (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)

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Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 1B Full Solutions

(b) 34 261 − 23 139 + 13 879  34 300 − 23 200 + 13 900 11. Number of Chinese books = 795  80%
= 25 000  800  80%
80
= 800 
(c) 34 261 − 23139 + 13 879  34 200 − 23100 + 13 800 100
= 24 900 = 640

5. (a) 17.89 − 3.732 − 4.4444  17.9 − 3.7 − 4.4 12. (a) Total amount Celia needs to pay
= 9.8 = $4.6  8
 $5  8
(b) 17.89 − 3.732 − 4.4444  17.9 − 3.8 − 4.5 = $40
= 9.6
(b) From the result of (a), the total amount of 8 pieces of
(c) 17.89 − 3.732 − 4.4444  17.8 − 3.7 − 4.4 drawing paper is at most $40.
∴ Celia has enough money to pay for the papers.
= 9.7

144.6
6. (a) 10.5 + 5.79  10 + 6 13. (a) Length of each part = cm
7
= 16 140
 cm
7
(b) 94.6 − 3.92  90 − 4 = 20 cm
= 86
(b) From the result of (a), the length of each part is at
least 20 cm.
(c) 4.91 4.4  5  4
∴ Mary’s claim is disagreed.
= 20
Level 2
(d) 23.519  4.95  20  5 14. (a) 72.25  24.6 − 8997  30.15  70  20 − 9000  30
=4 = 1400 − 300
= 1100
7. (a) 367.2 − 234.7 + 81.29  400 − 300 + 90
= 190 (b) 72.25  24.6 − 8997  30.15  72  25 − 9000  30
= 1800 − 300
(b) 367.2 − 234.7 + 81.29  370 − 240 + 82 = 1500
= 212
15. (a) (125.06 + 269.8 − 143)  258.5
8. (a) 88.29  4.02 + 12.5  80  4 + 10  (200 + 300 − 200)  300
= 20 + 10 = 300  300
= 30 = 90 000

(b) 88.29  4.02 + 12.5  88  4.0 + 12 (b) (125.06 + 269.8 − 143)  258.5
= 22 + 12  (120 + 260 − 140)  250
= 34 = 240  250
= 60 000
9. Total monthly income of the Lee family
= $(15 436 + 8653 + 10 345 + 9251)
16. (a) 120.021 − 58.98  (49.28 − 48.79)
 $(15 000 + 9000 + 10 000 + 9000)
 130 − 59  (50 − 49)
= $43 000 = 130 − 59  1
= 71
297
10. Number of trays needed =
52 (b) 120.021 − 58.98  (49.28 − 48.79)
300
  120 − 58  (49 − 48)
50
= 120 − 58  1
=6
= 62

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 8 Approximate Values and Numerical Estimation

17. (a) By rounding down each number to the nearest ten, (ii) Total amount = $(26.8  3 + 17.4  6 + 56.5)
63.8 + 23.5 + 48.7 + 29.1 + 34.6  $(26  3 + 17  6 + 56)
 60 + 20 + 40 + 20 + 30 = $(78 + 102 + 56)
= 170  160 = $236
∴ The result is greater than 160.
(b) From the result of (a)(i), the total amount is at most
(b) By rounding up each number to the nearest ten,
$246.
63.8 + 23.5 + 48.7 + 29.1 + 34.6
∵ $246 < $250
 70 + 30 + 50 + 30 + 40 ∴ Mrs Chan has enough money to buy all the items.
= 220
∴ The result is less than 220. (c) From the result of (a)(ii), the total amount is at least
$236.
18. (a) Round up ∵ $236 > $220
∴ Mrs Chan can get a coupon.
(b) Round down
23. Daisy estimates her total saving by rounding up each
(c) Round up amount saved to the nearest $10.
∴ The total amount of saving is less than $1000.
19. Total mark in 10 subjects ∴ Daisy’s claim is disagreed.
= 65 + 51 + 43 + 42 + 77 + 41 + 54 + 33 + 61 + 62
 60 + 50 + 40 + 40 + 70 + 40 + 50 + 30 + 60 + 60 24. By rounding up the prices of the 6 items to the nearest
integer,
= 500
total price of the 6 items
∵ Philip gets a total mark of at least 500.
= $(88.2 + 65.4 + 48.7 + 22.2 + 108.4 + 34.5)
∴ Philip can be promoted to S2.
 $(89 + 66 + 49 + 23 + 109 + 35)
20. Total population of these five countries = $371
= 1 433 784 000 + 1 366 418 000 + 329 065 000 ∵ $371 < $400
+ 270 626 000 + 211 050 000 ∴ Mr Wong has enough money to pay for the 6 items.
 1 500 000 000 + 1 400 000 000 + 330 000 000
25. By rounding up the price of each item to the nearest
+ 280 000 000 + 220 000 000 integer,
= 3 730 000 000 total amount Stephy has to pay
∵ The total population of these five countries is at most = $(85.9  3 + 120.5  2)
3.73 billion.  $(86  3 + 121  2)
∴ It is false that the total population of these five
= $(258 + 242)
countries is more than 3.8 billion.
= $500
21. (a) (i) Total weight of the 6 boxes of goods ∵ The total amount Stephy has to pay is at most $500.
= (78.2 + 59.6 + 72.9 + 64.4 + 75.2 + 74.2) kg ∴ Stephy cannot enjoy the free delivery service.
 (79 + 60 + 73 + 65 + 76 + 75) kg
Check Yourself (p. 8.32)
= 428 kg
1. (a) (i) 843  850
(ii) Total weight of the 6 boxes of goods
(ii) 843  840
= (78.2 + 59.6 + 72.9 + 64.4 + 75.2 + 74.2) kg
 (78 + 59 + 72 + 64 + 75 + 74) kg
(b) (i) 1920  2000
= 422 kg
(ii) 1920  1900
(b) From the result of (a)(ii), the total weight of the goods
is at least 422 kg. (c) (i) 6.335  6.4
∴ The minimum total weight of the worker and all
(ii) 6.335  6.3
the goods
= (422 + 70) kg
= 492 kg (d) (i) 0.7052  0.71
∵ 492 kg > 460 kg (ii) 0.7052  0.70
∴ It is impossible for the lift to carry the worker
and all the goods together in one trip. 2. (a) 32 054 = 32 000 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
22. (a) (i) Total amount = $(26.8  3 + 17.4  6 + 56.5) 32 054 = 32 100 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
 $(27  3 + 18  6 + 57)
= $(81 + 108 + 57) (b) 60.95 = 61 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
= $246 60.95 = 61.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

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Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 1B Full Solutions

(c) 0.090 26 = 0.090 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.) 5. (a) (i) 17.579 = 17.6 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
0.090 26 = 0.0903 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) (ii) 17.579 = 17.58 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.)

3. (a) 51.391  60 (b) (i) 59 496 = 59 500 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(ii) 59 496 = 59 500 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.)
(b) 51.391  51.3
(c) (i) −0.890 43 = −0.890 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
4. (a) 106.9 + 13.86 + 40.26 + 705.47  107 + 14 + 41 + 706
(ii) −0.890 43 = −0.8904 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.)
= 868

(d) (i) 0.003 099 5 = 0.003 10 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) 106.9 + 13.86 + 40.26 + 705.47  106 + 13 + 40 + 705
= 864 (ii) 0.003 099 5 = 0.003 100 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.)

(c) 106.9 + 13.86 + 40.26 + 705.47  110 + 14 + 40 + 710 6.

1
= 0.1428...
= 874 7
1
(a) = 0.1 (cor. to 1 sig. fig.)
5. (a) (i) From point II, the total amount is at least $360. 7
∵ $350 < $360
∴ Pauline does not have enough money to pay 1
(b) = 0.14 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
for the textbooks. 7
(ii) From point I, the total amount is at most $400.
∵ $420 > $400 1
∴ Pauline has enough money to pay for the (c) = 0.143 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
7
textbooks.

(b) (i) From point II, the total amount is at least $360. 7. (a) 525.09  526
∵ $360 > $350
∴ Pauline can get a gift. (b) 525.09  520
(ii) From point I, the total amount is at most $400.
∵ $400 < $420
8. (a) 19 049 = 19 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
∴ Pauline cannot get a gift.

Revision Exercise 8 (p. 8.34) (b) 19 049  20 000

Level 1
1. (a) (i) 825 013  900 000 (c) 19 049  10 000
(ii) 825 013  830 000
9. (a) 899.237 = 899 (cor. to the nearest integer)
(b) (i) 1 099 378  1 099 000
(b) 899.237  899.24
(ii) 1 099 378  1 090 000

(c) 899.237  890

2. (a) 952.47  953

10. (a) 342.5 − 247.92 − 74.256  340 − 250 − 70

(b) 952.47  952.4
= 20

3. (a) 1.004 56  1.00

(b) 273.61 42.9  85.475  270  40  90
= 120
(b) 1.004 56  1.005
11. (a) 102.7 + 27.4  1.78  103 + 28  2
4. (a) The significant figures of –2019 are 2, 0, 1 and 9.
= 103 + 56
∴ –2019 has 4 significant figures.
= 159
(b) The significant figures of 32.068 are 3, 2, 0, 6 and 8.
∴ 32.068 has 5 significant figures. (b) 102.7 + 27.4 1.78  102 + 27 1
= 129
(c) The significant figures of 0.000 51 are 5 and 1.
∴ 0.000 51 has 2 significant figures.

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 8 Approximate Values and Numerical Estimation

12. (a) 35 + 7.4 − 4.92  40 + 7 − 5 (b) From the result of (a), the total weight is at least
= 42 72 kg.
∵ 72 kg > 70 kg
∴ The trolley cannot carry all the 6 boxes of books
(b) 16.46  3.6  1.212  20  4  1 at one time.
=5 ∴ Mr Wong’s claim is disagreed.

13. Amount of fiscal reserve of Hong Kong Level 2

21. (a) The significant figures of 0.681 00 are 6, 8, 1, 0 and
= $953.739 billion
0.
= $950 billion (cor. to 2 sig. fig.) ∴ 0.681 00 has 5 significant figures.

14. Total number of toys produced in a year (b) The significant figures of 140.30 are 1, 4, 0, 3 and 0.
= 33 465  12 ∴ 140.30 has 5 significant figures.
= 401 580
(c) The significant figures of 14 000 are 1 and 4 when it
= 402 000 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) is correct to the nearest thousand.
The significant figures of 14 000 are 1, 4 and 0 when
15. Weight of one paper clip it is correct to the nearest hundred.
118.67 1000 The significant figures of 14 000 are 1, 4, 0 and 0
= mg when it is correct to the nearest ten.
80
The significant figures of 14 000 are 1, 4, 0, 0 and 0
= 1483.375 mg when it is correct to the nearest integer.
= 1500 mg (cor. to 2 sig. fig.) ∴ 14 000 has 2, 3, 4 or 5 significant figures.

(d) The significant figures of 2 070 000 (correct to the

16. Total number of visitors over the past five days
nearest 10) are 2, 0, 7, 0, 0 and 0.
= 8594 + 5492 + 3321 + 5029 + 6245
∴ 2 070 000 (correct to the nearest 10) has
 8600 + 5500 + 3300 + 5000 + 6200 6 significant figures.
= 28 600
22. (a) (11.9 − 2.4)  (2.45 + 3.5)  (12 − 3)  (3 + 4)
17. (a) Amount of lemon tea Amy drinks in a week = 97
= 375  7 mL = 63
 380  7 mL
= 2660 mL (b) (11.9 − 2.4)  (2.45 + 3.5)  (11 − 2)  (2 + 3)
= 95
(b) Amount of lemon tea Amy drinks in a week = 45
= 375  7 mL
 370  7 mL
89.1 − 22.5 90 − 30
= 2590 mL 23. (a) 
4.28  3.6 54
60
=
18. Average height of the 4 students 20
160.8 + 157.3 + 162.9 + 169.4 =3
= cm
4
161 + 157 + 163 + 169
 cm 89.1 − 22.5 80 − 20
4 (b) 
4.28  3.6 43
= (650  4) cm
60
= 162.5 cm =
12
=5
19. Area of the triangle
24.08  20.45
= cm 2 24. Time clocked for the male full marathon winner
2 = 2 h 9 min 20 s
24  20
 cm 2  9 20 
2 = 2 + + h
 60 60  60 
= 240 cm 2
= 2.155... h
= 2.16 h (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
20. (a) Total weight of the 6 boxes of books
= 12.8  6 kg
 12  6 kg
= 72 kg

9 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2020

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 1B Full Solutions

25. Average price of a bottle of red wine ∴ There were more than 2800 traffic accidents in
88.9  3 district B in 2018.
=$
4 ∴ Ann’s claim is agreed.
= $266.7  4
31. (a) (i) Total amount
= $66.675
= $(42.8 + 38.9 + 36.1 + 40.8)
= $66.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
 $(43 + 39 + 37 + 41)
= $160
26. (a) Change = $(50 − 13.2  3)
 $(50 − 14  3) (ii) Total amount
= $(42.8 + 38.9 + 36.1 + 40.8)
= $(50 − 42)
 $(42 + 38 + 36 + 40)
= $8
= $156
(b) The actual change is higher than the answer in (a).
(b) Selling price of a birthday cake
27. (a) (i) Total area of land in HKSAR = $200  (1 − 15%)
= (78.60 + 46.94 + 980.80) km2 = $200  85%
= 1106.34 km2 = $200 
85
100
(ii) Total area of land in HKSAR
= $170
= 1106.34 km2
From the result of (a)(i), the total amount is at most
= 1100 km2 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.) $160.
∵ $160 < $170
(b) Total area of land ∴ If they put their money together, they do not have
= (78.60 + 46.94 + 980.80) km2 enough money to buy the birthday cake.

 (79 + 47 + 980) km2 32. Queenie estimates her total amount by rounding up each
= 1106 km 2 item to the nearest dollar.
∴ The total amount is less than $400.
∴ Queenie’s claim is disagreed.
28. (a) Amount Peter earns in a week = $(48  10  5)
 $(50  10  5) 33. By rounding down the amount of each saving to the
= $2500 nearest $10,
total amount saved in these 5 months
= $(358 + 515 + 602 + 412 + 808)
(b) From the result of (a), the weekly wage is at most
 $(350 + 510 + 600 + 410 + 800)
$2500.
∵ $2500 < $2600 = $2670
∴ Peter’s weekly wage is less than $2600. ∵ $2670 > $2600
∴ Peter’s claim is disagreed. ∴ The total amount saved in these 5 months is enough
for buying the guitar.
29. (a) Total amount of Jason’s saving in one and a half years
= $3885  (1  12 + 6) 34. (a) (i) Total amount
= $(148  2 + 365 + 404)
 $3800  18
 $(150  2 + 370 + 410)
= $68 400
= $(300 + 370 + 410)
= $1080
(b) From the result of (a), the amount of his saving is at
least $68 400. (ii) Total amount
∵ $68 400 > $68 000 = $(148  2 + 365 + 404)
∴ Jason’s savings in one and a half years are  $(140  2 + 360 + 400)
enough to buy a car which costs $68 000.
= $(280 + 360 + 400)
30. (a) Number of traffic accidents in district B = $1040
= 16 850  18%
 16 000  18% (b) From the result of (a)(i), the total amount is at most
18 $1080.
= 16 000  ∵ $1080 < $1200
100
∴ Kitty cannot get the discount.
= 2880
(c) From the result of (a)(i), the total amount is at most
(b) From the result of (a), the number of traffic accidents $1080.
in district B in 2018 was at least 2880. ∵ $1080 < $1100
∵ 2880 > 2800 ∴ Kitty has enough money to buy all the items.

10 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2020

 8 Approximate Values and Numerical Estimation

35. (a) Total amount Bob needs to pay ∴ The number of possible nine-digit numbers
= $(24.2  4 + 9.2  2 + 5.6  2) = 5  10  10
 $(25  4 + 10  2 + 6  2) = 500
= $(100 + 20 + 12)
= $132 2. 276 325 218 is between 270 000 000 and 280 000 000;
341 273 984 is between 340 000 000 and 350 000 000.
(b) Amount of the rest of money 270 000 000  340 000 000 = 91 800 000 000 000 000,
which is a 17-digits number.
 $(200 − 132)
280 000 000  350 000 000 = 98 000 000 000 000 000,
= $68 which is also a 17-digits number.
∴ The amount of the rest of money is at least $68. ∴ There are 17 digits in the result of
Total price of 4 packs of French fries 276 325 218  341 273 984 .
= $16.8  4
 $17  4 Multiple Choice Questions (p. 8.40)
= $68 1. Answer: C
∴ The total price is at most $68.
∴ Bob’s claim is agreed. 2. Answer: D

36. (a) (i) His total income 3. Answer: B

= $(15 649 + 1258 + 2318 + 380) The significant figures of 0.030 760 are 3, 0, 7, 6 and 0.
 $(15 700 + 1300 + 2400 + 400) ∴ 0.030 760 has 5 significant figures.
= $19 800 4. Answer: C
(ii) His total income
= $(15 649 + 1258 + 2318 + 380) 5. Answer: A
0.029 85 = 0.03 (cor. to 1 sig. fig.)
 $(15 600 + 1200 + 2300 + 300) 0.029 85 = 0.03 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
= $19 400 0.029 85 = 0.0299 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
0.029 85 = 0.0299 (cor. to 4 d.p.)
∴ The answer is A.
(b) (i) His total expenditure
= $(6380 + 2394 + 679.4 + 524.5 + 784.2)
6. Answer: C
 $(6400 + 2400 + 700 + 600 + 800) 58
= $10 900 = 0.495...
117
(ii) His total expenditure = 0.50 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
= $(6380 + 2394 + 679.4 + 524.5 + 784.2)
 $(6300 + 2300 + 600 + 500 + 700) 7. Answer: A
= $10 400 450 000 has 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 significant figures.
∴ The answer is A.
(c) Mr Lee’s saving in this month
8. Answer: C
 $(19 400 − 10 900)
= $8500 9. Answer: D
∵ $8500 > $8000 240.1 + 55.2  18.7  250 + 60  20
∴ Mr Lee can save more than $8000 in this month. = 250 + 1200
∴ Mr Lee’s claim is agreed.
= 1450
Challenging Questions (p. 8.39)
1. (a) ∵ 20 19A B20 = 20 200 000 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.) 10. Answer: A
∴ The possible values of A are 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9. 3412 − 378 − 2823 + 2451  3400 − 370 − 2800 + 2400
The possible values of B are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, = 2630
8 or 9.
∴ The number of possible eight-digit numbers
= 5  10 11. Answer: B
= 50 Total number of visitors to the museum
= 3532 + 3849 + 2381
 3500 + 3800 + 2400
(b) ∵ 201 9XY Z19 = 201 900 000 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.)
∴ The possible values of X are 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. = 9700
The possible values of Y are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8 or 9.
The possible values of Z are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8 or 9.

11 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2020

Junior Secondary Mathematics in Action 1B Full Solutions

12. Answer: A Think and Learn (p. 8.44)

Average length of the 4 ropes
173 + 156 + 239 + 132
= cm 1.
4 Amount
170 + 150 + 230 + 130 overpaid/ +$0.5 +$0.4 +$0.3 +$0.2 +$0.1
 cm underpaid
4
680
= cm Amount
4
overpaid/ $0 –$0.1 –$0.2 –$0.3 –$0.4
= 170 cm underpaid

2. Overpay

3. No

Exam Corner
Exam-type Questions (p. 8.41)
Suggested Solutions Marks
1. (a) 391.105 = 390 (cor. to the nearest ten) ✓

(b) 391.105  392 ✓

(c) 391.105  391.10 ✓

2. Weight of each machine  40 kg ✓

Maximum number of machines that can be carried by the lorry each time
1200
=
39.9
1200
 ✓
40
= 30 ✓
3. By rounding up the price of each food to the nearest integer,
price of a hamburger  $16
price of an apple pie  $7 ✓
price of a salad  $14
total amount required
 $(16  2 + 7  3 + 14) ✓
= $(32 + 21 + 14)
= $67 ✓
∴ The total amount required is at most $67.
∵ $70 > $67
∴ David has enough money to pay the bill. ✓
4. Answer: D
0.080 353 5 = 0.080 (cor. to 2 sig. fig.)
0.080 353 5 = 0.080 (cor. to 3 d.p.)
0.080 353 5 = 0.080 35 (cor. to 4 sig. fig.)
0.080 353 5 = 0.080 35 (cor. to 5 d.p.)
∴ The answer is D.
5. Answer: D
0.005 049 999 = 0.005 05 (cor. to 5 d.p.)
0.005 049 999 = 0.005 050 0 (cor. to 5 sig. fig.)
0.005 049 999 = 0.005 050 (cor. to 6 d.p.)
0.005 049 999 = 0.005 050 00 (cor. to 6 sig. fig.)
∴ The answer is D.

12 © Pearson Education Asia Limited 2020