GENERAL SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the student should
be able to:
1. discuss how scientific and technological
developments affect society and environment;
2. explain how intellectual revolution transform
society; and
3. demonstrate understanding on the historical
antecedents towards the development of Science
and Technology in the Philippines.
Science, Technology and Nation-building
With the advancements of
Science and Technology in the
Philippines many significant
discoveries, inventions and
innovations where being
regarded and credited to the
Filipinos. From the pre-
colonial period up to the
present time many of these
have come a long way.
This section explains how the
development of Science and
Technology affects the
development of the
Philippines as a nation.
PRECOLONIAL REVOLUTION
Development of scientific and technological
advancements in the Philippines begun even
before the colonization by the Spaniards.
Filipinos were already using different plants as
medicines. Alphabets, number system, a
weighing and measuring system and a
calendar were already introduced.
Furthermore, Filipinos were already engaged
in farming, shipbuilding, mining and weaving.
One of the most sophisticated products in the
field of engineering during this period was
when they built the Banaue Rice Terraces. The
natives of Cordilleras built this rice terraces by
hand due to limited resources. Because of
these terraces, people were able to plant rice
and vegetables. Irrigation system was also
established where they used water from the
forests and mountain tops to support the
farming system.
COLONIAL REVOLUTION
The progress of science and technology in the
Philippines continued during the colonial period.
Formal education was introduced during this
period. Parish schools, colleges and universities
were established. During the the Spanish
regime, the study of medicine in the Philippines
was given importance. The Philippines was also
introduced to the field of engineering which
paved way to the construction of buildings,
roads and forts. Furthermore, trade was also
given more focus due to high prospects for
profits while agriculture were relatively
neglected.
The Philippines was greatly influenced by the
Americans where almost all prospects of life has
been modernized. It was during the American
period when the Philippine was inclined towards
agriculture and food processing as well as
medicine and pharmacy. Bureau of Science
was established which takes care of the
developments in the field of Science and
Technology.
Psychoanalysis is the study that explains human behavior. was able
to change people’s perception of Psychology with his revolutionary theory of
Psychoanalysis. According to his theory, he proposed that the human psyche could be
divided into three parts: Id, ego and super-ego.
This concept is usually represented by the “Iceberg Model”. This model represents
the roles the id, ego, and super- ego play in relation to conscious and unconscious
thought.
POSTCOLONIAL REVOLUTION
After achieving independence from the
different colonizers, the Philippines continued
to pursue its development under the different
administration. A different agenda has been
introduced by each administration in relation to
Science and Technology.
During ' presidency, the
importance given to science grew where as
many laws promoting Science and Technology
were enacted. In addition to this, President
Marcos recognized that technology was the
leading factor in economic development.
He encouraged private universities to create
courses in Science and Technology and
emphasized the upgrading of the science
curricula. National Grains Authority was
created to help the development of the rice
and corn industry. Lastly, to promote industrial
and economic development of the Philippines,
Philippine National Oil Company was also
created.
During presidency, Science and
Technology's role in economic recovery and sustained
economic growth was highlighted.
believes that Science and Technology
was one of the means wherein the Philippines could
attain the status of New Industrialized Country (NIC).
Because of the establishment of the different
programs that helped in the development of science
and technology, improvements of health care services
were promoted during Ramos’ administration.
During President Joseph Estrada
In the administration,
numerous laws and projects concerning the
environment and Science were put in place which
helped increase the productivity of scientific
innovations and that benefitted the poor.
