Gitika et.

al Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences ISSN: 2582 - 0737

Bauhinia variegate (Kanchnara), An ornamental Plant with significant value

in Ayurvedic and Folk Medicinal system
Available online at www.hjhs.co.in
REVIEW ARTICLE
Isha Kumari, Hemlata Kaurav, Gitika Chaudhary*
Shuddhi Ayurveda, Jeena Sikho Lifecare Pvt. Ltd., Zirakpur 140603, Punjab, India.
DOI 10.22270/hjhs.v6i2.94

ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants are important part of traditional medication system. These plants are also the primary
source of modern drugs. One such important medicinal plant is Bauhinia variegate (orchid tree) commonly
called as Kanchanara in Hindi and Mountain Ebony in English. It belongs to Caesalpiniaceae family. It is
one of the most common tree species found throughout the India. This tree is known for its beautiful
scented and aesthetic white pinkish flowers. It is traditionally used in many folk cultures around the
country for various kind of disorders. It is commonly used plant species in Indian cuisine. Its flower buds
are commonly used as vegetables in many regions of India. It holds a significant place in Ayurveda for its
curative and healing properties in many diseases especially cervical lymphadenitis, hemorrhage, rectal
prolapse, menorrhagia, leukoderma etc. It is used in many Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations as a main
ingredient like Kanchanara Guggulu, Ushirasava, Vidangarishta etc. It has diverse nature of phytochemical
constituents present in it which are responsible for extraordinary therapeutic properties like anti-microbial,
anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, haemagglutination, anti-oxidant,
antigoitrogenic, nephroprotective. The aim of present review is to provide information related to
phytochemistry, traditional uses in Ayurveda and folk medicinal system and therapeutic properties of
Bauhinia variegate.
Keywords: Kanchanara, Rasapanchak, Anti-microbial, Haemagglutination, Antigoitrogenic

1. Introduction important from medicinal and clinical

point of view. This is why plant kingdom
Mother nature is fulfilling human basic
is entitled with “the treasure house of
requirements of food, shelter, clothes and
potential drugs”. (1-10) Ayurveda and
medicines since the origin of mankind.
Chinese medication system are considered
Nature has provided a wide range of
as the most ancient systems of medicines
medicinal plants to us which are being
in the world. Medicinal plants are the
used in traditional practices of medications
central part of these medication systems.
in Ayurveda, Shiddha, Yunani, Folk,
(11) As per the reports, 45000 different
Chinese etc. These plants play a vital role
plant species are used in India for health
in the health maintenance of the
maintenance. This is the reason why India
community. Medicinal plants are
is called as the botanical garden of the
considered as the general health marker of
world which is listed among the world
the ecosystem. The survival of living
biodiversity centers. (12,13) Medicinal
beings on the earth would be difficult
plants are used in almost all the Ayurvedic
without the plants. The first reported use
practices of treating numerous diseases.
of medicinal plant for health related issue
Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations are
was recorded 5000 years ago. These are
well known drugs in Global herbal drug
the potent source of many of the modern
market. (14) Plants are greatly promoted
drugs because the phytochemicals present
by folk practices of medication in India.
in these plants are used as the chemical
There are so many associated
entities for modern drugs. These plant
ethnobotanical beliefs and customs with
exhibits bioactive properties which are

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plants in India. (15) The Traditional world. The word Kachnar depicts the
Chinese Medicines are well considered meaning “A beautiful glowing lady” in
herbal drugs in the world. Herbal products Sanskrit. The plant is deciduous and small
are being in use in the daily routine of to medium sized found growing in the
Chinese population from many years. tropical and subtropical region throughout
Japan, Hong Kong, Korea and Singapore the world. (28) The plant is commonly
are known major importers of Traditional used as a vegetable in many corners of the
Chinese Medicine. (16-18) These country. Bauhinia variegate is commonly
traditional systems of medication have used in folk system by many cultures and
shown us that medicinal plants have done tribes for treating several diseases. (29-33)
favor on humanity by providing various The description of this important plant
patents of herbal drugs which are being species is also mentioned in the Ayurveda,
used to treat various kind of diseases and ancient Indian science of life. Bauhinia
provide relief. (19-21) From the historical variegate stem bark and flowers are used
reports it has been cleared that in many polyherbal formulations of
Amerindians used a vast variety of plants. Ayurveda which are being used in
Spanish and the Portuguese were the ones treatment of diseases like galaganda
who introduced American plant species to (Goiter), gandamala (Lymphadenopathy),
the world. In Europe, Balkan Peninsula is ashthila [Benign prostatic hyperplasia
the most important biodiversity center (BPH)], kapha-pitta dosha disorders, and
which is enriched with 6340 kinds arbuda (Tumor), rakta pradaraghna (cures
vascular plant species. (22-24) Medicinal dysfunctional uterine bleeding), pittaghna
plants are not only used in (balances pitta dosha), kshyaghna
medical/pharmaceutical industry but they (antitubercular), and kaasghna (cures
also have a great impact on the cosmetic cough) and also used against carcinomas.
and nutraceutical industry. They play a (34,35) Each part of Bauhinia variegate is
major role in these industries. Herbal medically important due to the presence of
nutraceuticals are associated with the variety of phytochemical constituents in
advantages such as maintaining the health them like alkaloids, oil, fat glycoside,
and longevity of life. (25,26) Medicinal carbohydrates, phenolics, tannins, lignin,
plants are used in many corners around the saponins, flavonoids and terpenoids. (36)
world. There are so many important The biological properties exhibited by this
medicinal plants in the world which are of plant are anthelmintic, antitumour,
great significant value due to their unique antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,
photochemistry and biological activities antigoitrogenic, hepatoprotective and
and one of such plant are Bauhinia haemagglutination etc. (37) Apart from its
variegate. It is well known ornamental therapeutic properties, it is used as an
plant species commonly called as ornamental plant due to its fragrant,
Kanchnara in Hindi and also known by its whitish pink flowers. It is used as fodder to
English name Mountain Ebony around the sheep, goats and cattle. The calorific value
world. Bauhinia variegate belongs to of Bauhinia variegate is 4,800 kcal/kg
Caesalpinioideae family which consists of which makes its use as a fuel. The stem
shrubs/trees, very rarely climbers. There fiber of this plant is used in ropes. The
are almost 300 different species are found wood is used as timber. The gum obtained
under the genus Bauhinia. Most of the from this plant is used as adhesive. The
species of this genus are found in the bark tannins are used as dye. (38)
tropical areas of the world like Africa, Bauhinia variegate is popular medicinal
Asia and South America. (27) Bauhinia plant used for various purposes in different
variegate is also known as „Camel‟s foot ethnic groups for many years this is why it
tree or Orchid tree‟ in some corners of the is entitled by Veda with the name kanchan

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which means gold. (39) Vernacular names variegate is given in table 1 and 2
and taxonomic classification of Bauhinia respectively.

Figure 1. Bauhinia variegate (Kachnar)

Table 1. Vernacular Names of Bauhinia variegate (Kachnar) (40,41)
English Mountain ebony
Hindi Barial, Gurial, Gwiar, Kachnar, Kandan, Kaniar, Khairwal,
Khawairaal, Koliar, Padrian
Sanskrit Ashmantaka, Asphota, Chamari, Chamarika, Champavidala,
Gandari, Girija, Kanakaprabha, Kanchanala, Kanchana,
Kanchanara, Kanchanaraka, Kantar, Karaka, Karbudara,
Karbudara, Kovidara, Kuddala, Raktapushpa, Shonapushpaka,
Suvarnara, Svalpakkesara, Tamrapushpa, Uddalaka,
Yamalachada, Yugapatraka, Yugmapatra
Konkani Kanchan
Malayalam Kovidaram, Suvannamandaram, Unna
Marathi Kanchan, Raktakanchan, Thaur
Mundari Burju, Buruju
Tamil Mandarai, Segappumandarai, Semmandarai, Vellaippuvatti
Telugu Bodanta, Devakanjanamu, Kanjanamu, Mandara, Mandari
Urdu Kachnal
Uriya Boroda, Kosonaro, Kanjoni, Ronga-Konjono
Burmese Bwaycheng, Bwechin
Canarese Arisinantige, Ayata, Bilikanjivala, Irkubalitu, Kanjivala,
Karalabhogi, Kempukanjivala, Kempumandara, Mandara,
Ulipe
French Arbe de saint Thomas, Bauhinie panachee
Table 2. Taxonomy of Bauhinia variegate (Kachnar) (42)
Taxonomic Rank Taxon
Kingdom Plantae
Class Dicotyledone
Subclass Polypetalae
Series Calyciflorae
Order Rosales
Family Caesalpiniaceae

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Genus Bauhinia
Species variegata
Common Name Kachnar, Mountain ebony
2. Morphology Seeds are usually flat, circular and brown
in appearance with coriaceus testa.
Bauhinia variegate commonly known
Flowering begin to appear at the age of 2
as orchid tree, is small to medium sized
or 3 and blooming occurs in the month of
deciduous tree which reach upto the height
January–April in the period of dry summer
of 15 m and diameter of 50 cm and mainly
whereas in period of March–July fruiting
found at an altitude of 1300metres in
occurs. (43-47)
Himalayas. The tree has a short ball and
spreading crown like appearance. There is 3. Geographical distribution
a presence of a light brownish grey bark It is believed that Bauhinia variegate
with longitudnal cracks with irregular has originated in East Indies and it was
darker patches. The inner surface of the first naturalized in Jamaica, from where it
bark is fibrous, bitter and pale pinkish in spread in Texas and Louisinia. It mostly
color. Slender zigzag twigs are present. grows at 1300 m of elevation but can also
Twigs are green when they are young on be found growing well in deciduous
maturing they become brownish grey. forests and at an elevation of 900 m it is
Bifoliate leaves with glabrous surface are also found in dry mixed forests. This
present in this plant which are about 16 cm species profoundly grows in tropical and
long with the presence of 2 lobbed subtropical countries of the world such as
petioles. Minute stipules of 1-2 mm size India, China, Pakistan, Burma, North
are present on leaves. Lamina of the leaves Thailand, North Vietnam, Peoples
is ovate to circular in shape. Texture is Democratic republic of Lao, Combodia
coriaceous, campylodromous venation is and Laos. In India it is found in many
present. The leaves have cordate base, states such as Bihar, Delhi, Jammu and
emarginated apex. 9 multicostate
Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka,
divergent, stout primary veins are present. Manipur, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Orissa,
While 43 alternate, recurved secondary Mizoram, Punjab, Pondicherry, Rajasthan,
veins are present. The tips of the leaves are Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West
usually rounded. This plant has Bengal, Sikkim and many other places.
characteristic partially opened The climate requirements of this plant are
inflorescences. The flowers are usually hot, dry summers and mild winters. It
whitish pink color with specific fragrance requires a profound amount of light and
and green narrow basal tube. Petals are 5 good drainage for its growth. It grows well
in number which are slightly unequal with in gravelly, shallow, rocky soils to sandy
wavy margin and narrow base. The loam and loamy soils. (48-51)
uppermost petals are darker and variegated
than the others. Short and sessile pedicles 4. Phytochemical constituents of
are present. Calyx is hairy and light green Bauhinia variegate
having a pointed 5 angled bud and opens Bauhinia variegate is composed of
on one side while remains attached on wide variety of phytochemical constituents
another side. 5 stamens are present. The in it. Each part of the plant consists of
ovary is slender, stalked, curved, narrow, wide range of phytochemicals present in it.
green and 1 celled with a dot like stigma.
Fruits are 15-20 /1.2 cm flat with hard Flowers
dehiscent, dark brown pod and are The flowers of this plant has variety of
obliquely striate, 20-30 by 2-25 cm. There phytochemicals such as ascorbic acid,
is presence of 10-15 seeds in each fruit. aspartic acid, glutamic acid, keto acids,

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octadecanoic acid, amino acids, apigenin, chroman-2-ol, phytol, palmitic acid,

tannins, quercitroside isoquercitroside, betamonoglyceride etc. (53-56)
rutoside, taxifoline rhamnoside,
Stem Bark
kaempferol-3- glucoside, myricetol
glycoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, Bauhinia variegate stem bark contains
quercetin, rutin, apigenin, malvidin-3- variety of phytochemical classes like
glucoside, malvidin-3-diglucoside, cynidin sterols, glycosides, flavonone glycoside,
3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, phenanthraquinone, reducing sugars and
peonidin-3-diglucoside, malvidin-3- nitrogenous substances. The main
glucoside. (51,52) constituents present in the stem are
hentriacontane, octacosanol, stigmasterol,
Leaves 5, 7-dihydroxyflavonone-4–O–α-L–
Bauhinia variegate leaves have variety rhanmopy-ranosyl-β–D–glucopyranoside,
of phytochemical classes present in it such β-sitosterol, lupeol, kaempferol-3-
as crude protein, carbohydrates, saponins, glucoside, bauhinione. Rutoside, myricetol
fibres, volatile oil, tannins, alkaloids, glycoside, quercitroside, isoquercitroside,
cardiac glycosides, lignin, fats, phenolics, neringenin-5,7-dimethylether-4'-
sterols, catechol, flavonoids, minerals. rhamnoglucoside. 5,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxy-
Leaves are rich source of Vitamin C and 3-methoxy-7-O-alpha-Lrhamnopyranosyl-
(146mg %) and reducing sugar. The main O-beta-galactopyranoside are known to be
compounds are quercitrin, β-sitisterol, present in the stem bark. (57-60)
rutin, quercetrin, apigenin and apigenin 7-
Seed
O-glucoside, germacrene D, spathulenol,
δ- and γ-cadinene, lupeol, kaempferol-3- Seed contains oleic acid contains
glucoside, elagic acid. Two novel palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid,
compounds named as heptatriacontan-12, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid,
13-diol and dotetracont-15-en-9-ol have proline, glycine, alanine, lysine, threonine,
been reported from the leaves. Gunalan et valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine and
al., confirmed the presence of many phenylalanine, histidine and arginine,
bioactive compounds in the ethanol extract tyrosine and proteins. (61)
of the leaves by using Gas Root
chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-
MS) and High-performance thin-layer Roots are known to have
chromatography (HPTLC) some of them phytochemical constituents like
are phenol,2,4-Bis(1,1-Dimethylethyl), 1- carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids,
heptadecene, hexadecane, 8- tannins, phenolic compounds, proteins,
pentadecanone, 1- nonadecene, gums and mucilages. Novel flavone
octadecane, phthalic acid, diisobutyl ester, glycosides namely (2S)-5,7-dimethoxy-30
benzene-O-dicarboxylic acid, Di-N-, ,40 –methylenedioxy flavanone and
Phthalic acid, butyl2-pentyl ester, α- 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-7-O-α-L-
octadecene, eicosane, butyloctylphthalate, rhamnopyranosyl (1--) 3)-O-β
Phytol, Stigmast-5-en-3β-ol, delta,4- galactopyranoside along with a novel
sitosterol-3-one, cyclohexane,tetradecyl, dihydrodibenzoxepin, 5,6-dihydro-1,7-
fumaric acid, 2- dimethylaminoethyl dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-2-methyldibenz
octadecyl ester, octadecanoic acid, methyl b,foxepin have been isolated from the root.
ester, methyl palmitate, 1,2- (62-65)
benzenedicarboxylicacid,bis(2-
methylpropyl)ester, 4,4,5,8-tetramethyl

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Figure 2. Chemical structures of some of phytochemical constituents of Bauhinia variegate

5. Traditional and Modern View of disease), gudabhransha (rectal prolapse),

Bauhinia variegate pradar (menorrhagia), kasa (cough),
raktavikaras (lood purifier). White
Ayurvedic View
kanchanar is used against shwas
The origin of Ayurveda in India is (asthama), kasa (cough), raktavikara
almost 2500 and 500 BC old. The word (blood purifier), vrana (wound), pradar
Ayurveda indicates the meaning “science (menorrhagia) while Peet Kanchanar is
of life”. It significantly works on balancing used to treat mutrakruccha (dysuria).
the three body components/doshas of the Bauhinia variegate is used as a remedy in
body i.e. kapha (water & earth), pitta (fire) leucoderma, leprosy, wounds and ulcers,
and vata (space &air). (66-68) Bauhinia Bauhinia variegate is used to treat
variegate is an important medicinal plant leucoderma, leprosy, menorrhagia, asthma,
which is widely used in Ayurvedic wounds and ulcers, Rakta pradaraghna
practices for treating disorders. This plant (menstrual disorders), Kaasghna, and
is used in many Ayurvedic formulations as Kshyaghna etc. The bark of this plant is
a main ingredient. It is mainly used against used as an anti-diabetic agent in
vitiated pitta and kapha Doshas of the Ayurveda. (69-75) Rasapanchak of
body. Bauhinia variegate is described in Bauhinia variegate is given in table 3.
many books written by Ayurveda Acharya
Table 3. Rasapanchak of Bauhinia
of 20 centuries namely Yadavji, Trikamji,
variegate (Kanchnar) (76)
Viswanath Dwivedi, Priyavarat Sharma
etc. Grossly Kanchanar is categorized into Sanskrit/English Sanskrit/English
three categories i.e. Red (Rakta), white
(Shweta) and Yellow (Peet). Red kanchnar Virya/ Potency Sheeta/Cold
is useful in vrana (wound), krumi (worms), Vipak/Metabolic Katu/Pungent
gandamala (cervical lymphadenitis), property
raktapitta (haemorrhage), kushtha (skin

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Guna/Physical Laghu/Light, (Bauhinia variegate L.), Varuna (Crataeva

property Ruksha/Dry nurvala Buch.-Ham.), Triphala, Trikatu,
Trijataka. it is used as treatment of Kapha
Rasa/Taste Kashaya/Astringent accumulations in the tissues. It is helpful
in enhancing the proper functioning of
6. Properties and Uses of Bauhinia
lymphatic drainage and digestive system.
variegate (Kanchnar) (77,78)
(79) It is also effective in benign prostatic
Sansthanik: It is useful in decoction form hyperplasia (BPH), a senile disorder. (80-
to treat wound healing, skin disorders and 82)
inflammation. The bark paste is applied in
Kanchanaradi Kwatha: This formulation
lepa form to treat goiter. It is useful in
is effective in treating Granthi (cyst). (83)
treating excessive salivation and mouth
ulcers. Decoction is used against Rectal Vidangarishta: It is effective treatment
prolapse for indralupta (scalp disease) in which hair
loss occurs. (84)
Abhyantra naadi sansthan: It is useful in
treating diarrhoea, dysentery, rectal Ushirasava: It is useful in treating Shukra
prolapse, bleeding piles. It is used as shodhaka (genital issues). (85)
anthelminthic. Flower formulations are Chandanasava: This important
used as a remedy to constipation. formulation is useful against ulcer. (86)
Raktawah sansthan: Due to its astringent Folk View
property, it is used to stop bleeding. It is
effective against goiter and There are many different cultures in
lymphadenopathy too. the world and each culture has its own
ethnobotanical beliefs of utilizing
Swasan sansthan: It is used in the medicinal plants. Ethnobotany is the term
treatment of cough. related with the association of human
Mootra wah sansthan: Due to its cultures with the plants. Medicinal plants
antidiarrheal property, it is helpful in are associated with rich ethnobotanical
treating type II diabetes. uses. (87) Bauhinia variegate is one of the
mostly commonly used medicinal plants in
Prajannan wah sansthan: Due to its
the folk practices. It is used for its
astringent property, it is effective against
therapeutic actions and also used as
menorrhagia.
vegetable in some cultures. For instance, it
Twacha: It is helpful in treating skin is a very famous tree species in Himachal
disorders. Pradesh. Kachnar buds and flowers are
Satmikaran: It is effective against obesity eaten by Himachalis (especially in Kangra,
by scrapping fats. Hamirpur, Bilaspur) as a famous dish
called “karalen ki sabji”. These buds are
7. Ayurvedic Formulations of Bauhinia also eaten as a food in other states like
variegate (Kanchnar) Madhya Pradesh (Dhar District) and some
Bauhinia variegate is used in many Northeastern part of the country. (88-91)
Ayurvedic formulations such as In some areas of Pakistan, and Nepal
Kanchanara Guggulu, Kanchan gutika, people use floral buds as a vegetable. (92-
Gandamala kundan rasa, Kanchanaradi 94) Bauhinia variegate is traditionally
Kwatha, Ushirasava, Chandanasava, used as an anti-bacterial agent. (95) The
Vidangarishta, Kanchnara Varuna Kwatha. flowers buds of this plant are traditionally
Some of them are discussed below: used to treat skin diseases and leprosy.
(96) The decoction of tree bark is used to
Kanchanara Guggulu: This polyherbal treat leprosy, leucoderma, asthma and
formulation is made up of Kanchanara

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ulcers in Bageshwar district Uttarakhand. bark of this plant as tonic and alliterative
(97) In Bhatwari Block, District and to treat skin related problems and
Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand people use the ulcers while dysentery, piles, worms and
parts of plant against Heartburn, diarrhea, diarrhoea is treated traditionally by the
menorrhagia, obesity, worms, bleeding dried buds of this plant. (112) In Betalghat
hemorrhoids. (98) In rural areas of region, Kumaun Himalaya, people use
Uttrakhand, flowers are used to treat stem bark extract to get relief from
dysentery and buds are used against stomachache due to worms. (113) Flower
diarrhea. (99,100) The Sonaghati tribes of extracts are used traditionally to treat
Uttar Pradesh, use Bauhinia variegate as diabetes by Mao-Naga Tribe of Manipur.
treatment remedy for dysentery, and skin (114) The root sand barks are used
related problems such as leprosy, syphilis traditionally by some areas of Odisha to
etc. (101) People use this plant for treating treat skin diseases, leprosy, intestinal
skin related problems and leprosy in worms, wounds and ulcers. (115) In upper
Chagharzai valley, District Buner, Eastern Himalaya, people use young
Pakistan. (102) In Eastern Ghats of Andhra leaves and flowers as vegetable. (116)
Pradesh, people use flower paste as cure to Rural population of Haryana, uses stem
asthma. (103) In some of the districts of bark decoction as a remedy to
Kolhapur like Ichalkarangi, Kolhapur, menorrhagia. (117) In Central Haryana,
Warnanagar people treat diarrhoea, people use tonic made up of bark
worms, piles, dysentery with the dried decoction as a blood purifier which is most
buds of Bauhinia variegate. (104) In effective against skin disorders. (118)
Chitrakoot region of Madhya Pradesh,
Modern View
people use barks, leaves and stem of this
plant to treat piles and gall bladder/kidney The quality of herbal drugs in the
stone. (105) People from the areas around present times is in question due to the
the Nagzira Wild Life Sanctuary, use bark factors like contamination, adulteration,
paste for treating skin diseases and and misidentification. The most common
leprosy. (106) Kotli District of Jammu and practice of defaming herbal drugs is
Kashmir, people use this plant for various species adulteration which is the process
purposes like they use bark against skin of replacing original species with
diseases, floral buds as a saag (a leafy alternative species. As per WHO,
dish), leaves as fodder, wood as fuel. They adulteration of plant based products is a
also use this plant for ornamental threat to the consumer health. Adulteration
purposes. (107) In Arghakhanchi district, is associated with severe health risks.
Nepal people use paste made up of Adulteration is the burning topic in the
Bauhinia variegate root to take out pus. Global herbal drug industry. There are
(108) The bark and stem of this plant is many terminologies used for species
used traditionally as antidote in snake bite adulteration such as substitution,
whereas bark juice is used against fraudulent substitution, admixture,
dysentery in Tharu community of Nepal. mislabeling, contamination, filler, etc.
(109) Diabetes is treated traditionally with (119-123) For instance, various species of
the bark of Bauhinia variegate in genus Bauhinia such as B. variegata, B.
Bishnupur District of Manipur. (110) In purpura, B. malabarica, B. racemosa,
Parbat district of Western Nepal, people B.tomentosa are used as substitutes to each
traditionally use Bark juice as a tonic and other in the Global as well as domestic
blood purifier. They use bark paste as markets of herbal drugs. (124) There are
remedy to cuts and wounds while fresh proper standardization and quality analysis
flowers are used as vegetable and pickle. techniques which can be used effectively
(111) People of Muzaffarabad, use the to detect these alterations. The guidelines

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for standardized of herbal products set up suggested that both the extract exhibit anti-
by WHO must be implied for the detection inflammatory activity but petroleum ether
of alterations in the herbal drugs to ensure fraction exhibited slightly more potent
their quality, safety and efficacy. (125) activity. (129)
8. Therapeutic Properties of Bauhinia Anti-diabetic
variegate Chaudhari et al., investigated the
Bauhinia variegate is associated with antidiabetic activity of Bauhinia variegate
many important therapeutic properties. in an in-vitro study. Petroleum ether and
Some of them are discussed below: hexane extracts of stem bark were checked
for this activity. Both the extracts showed
Anti-tumor
significant antidiabetic activity. The
Rajkapoor et al., studied the anti-tumor highest concentration of the extract
activity of Bauhinia variegate in Swiss showed maximum activity. (130)
albino mice models against Dalton‟s
ascitic lymphoma (DAL). It was observed Hepatoprotective
that ethanol extract of the plant Jadhav et al., carried out a study in
significantly enhanced the mean survival female Albino Wistar rats to investigate
time of the models administered with the the hepatoprotective property of Bauhinia
extract. It also enhanced the counts of variegate. Models were administered with
peritoneal cell. It also reversed the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce
haemotological parameters, protein and hepatotoxicity. It was observed that
PCV changes. (126) Another study aqueous extract of the plant at the dose of
conducted by Raj kapoor et al., in Swiss 500mg/kg b.w showed hepatoprotective
albino mice against Ehrlich ascites actions against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
carcinoma (EAC). The study suggested induced damages which suggests that
that ethanol extract of the plant is effective Bauhinia variegate can be used as a
against (EAC) induced changes. (127) As hepatoprotective agent. (131)
per the reported in-vivo study conducted
Anti-microbial
by Sonam Pandey on mice models,
hydromethanolic extract exhibits anti- Bauhinia variegate is associated with
tumor activity. Extract was effective anti-microbial activities. Pokhrel at al.,
against melanoma tumor by B16F10 cell evaluated this property in an in-vitro study.
line in C57BL/6 mice at dosage of 500 and Alcoholic extract of Bauhinia variegate
750 mg/kg b.wt. This study suggested that was found to be effective against Bacillus
hydromethanolic extract of Bauhinia subtilis (ATCC 6635) Pseudomonas
variegate can be a good source of anti- aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella
tumor drugs. (128) typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylo-
coccus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Vibrio
Anti-inflammatory cholera. The extract showed more potent
Saha et al., carried out an in-vivo study activity against gram positive bacteria.
for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory (132) Sonam Pandey studied anti-
potential of Bauhinia variegate. They use microbial activity of Bauhinia variegate
three animal models for the study viz. the against gram positive bacteria Bacillus
carrageenan induced rat paw edema, subtilius, Staphylococcus aureus and
cotton pellets induced granuloma Streptococcus epidermidis and Gram-
formation, and adjuvant induced arthritis negative Escherichia coli, Shegilla
in rat. Ethanol extract and the petroleum flexineria, Pseudomonas auriginosa
ether fraction were evaluated against all bacteria. Hydromethanolic extracts of this
the models The findings of the study plant effectively inhibited the growth of

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Gitika et.al Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences ISSN: 2582 - 0737

the microorganisms at the dosage of 1 000 with nephroprotective actions. The study
mg/mL, 750 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL and 250 was carried out in cisplatin-induced
mg/mL respectively. (133) This property nephropathy in rat models. The findings
was also supported by Sharma et al. They revealed that administration of ethanol
conducted an in-vitro study to evaluate the extract at dosage 400 and 200 mg/kg
anti-microbial activity of the plant. It was (b.w.) for 14days significantly reversed the
observed that the plant extract showed changes induced by cisplatin. At 400
inhibitory actions against Staphylococcus mg/kg dosage level, extract increased the
aureus, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilic body weight, urine volume output and also
and Escherichia coli. (134) Study reports it decreased creatinine serum level and
of Rashid et al., also supports the use of urea. (139)
Bauhinia variegate as an anti-microbial
Anti-ulcer
agent. The crude extract of this plant was
found to be more effective than the Bauhinia variegate was evaluated for
antibiotic drug ampicillin against two gram its anti-ulcer potential in an in-vitro study
positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, conducted by Rajkapoor at al. on rat
Streptococcus pyogenes and two gram- models. Pyloric ligation and aspirin were
negative bacterial viz. Escherichia coli, used for inducing gastric ulcer in the
Proteus mirabilis. (135) models. It was found that ethanolic extract
of the plant significantly decreased the
Haemagglutination gastric secretion volume, total free acidity
As per the study reports of Roy et al., and ulcer index which shows its
the saline extract of seed is associated with effectiveness in the ulcer treatment. (140)
haemagglutination property. They
9. Conclusion
evaluated this property on erythrocytes of
vertebrates such as man, monkey, rabbit, The present study is an attempt to
rat, goat, sheep, cow, buffalo, horse, mule provide detailed information about the
and fowl where saline extract exhibited most common medicinal plant species,
haemagglutinating activity. (136) Bauhinia variegate. Modern
pharmacological studies indicated that this
Antigoitrogenic plant has extraordinary biological
Veena et al., conducted an in-vivo potential. It is strongly believed that the
study on rats to evaluate the data presented in this review on utilization
antigoitrogenic activity of B.variegata. of Bauhinia variegate plant in Ayurveda
They administered neomercazole in rats to and folk cultures might draw the attention
induce goiter. It was revealed that this of researchers to use this plant in modern
plant has ability to bring the goitrogenic medicines. The diverse kind of
thyroid to normal level at the dosage of phytochemicals present in this plant can be
200 mg/ day. (137) the promising source of anti-microbial,
hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory,
6significant scavenging activity against
haemagglutination, anti-oxidant,
1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),
antigoitrogenic, nephroprotective drugs.
super oxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen
peroxide radicals. They concluded that Acknowledgements
alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the plant Authors are very thankful to the
have effective anti-oxidant potential. (138) Department of Research and Development
Nephroprotective of Jeena Sikho Pvt. Ltd. Zirakpur Punjab
for giving us opportunity to explore the
As per the reports of an in-vivo study
carried out by Pani et al., in rats, ethanol ethnobotanical aspect of this medicinal
plant.
extract of Bauhinia variegata is associated

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Gitika et.al Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences ISSN: 2582 - 0737

Financial Disclosure statement: The 2016;7(5):220-47.

author received no specific funding for this 13. Sukumaran S, Raj AD. Medicinal plants of
sacred groves in Kanyakumari district
work. Southern Western Ghats. Indian Journal of
Conflict of Interest Traditional Knowledge. 2010; 9(2):294-299.
14. Verma S, Singh SP. Current and future status
The authors declare that there is no of herbal medicines. Veterinary world. 2008
conflict of interest regarding the Nov 1;1(11):347.
publication of this article. 15. Chauhan SA, Kaur AM, Vyas MA, Khatik GL.
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