FIRST QUARTER MODULE IN GENERAL MATHEMATICS (WEEK 1)
FUNCTIONS
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students must have;
a. represented real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise
functions; MM11GM-Ia-1
b. evaluated a function; MM11GM-Ia-2
c. performed addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and composition
of functions; and MM11GM-Ia-3
d. solved problems involving functions. MM11GM-Ia-4
Representing Real-Life Situations Using Functions
A relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all first elements of the ordered
pairs is called the domain of the relation, and the set of all second elements is called
the range.
A function is a relation or rule of correspondence between two elements
(domain and range) such that each element in the domain corresponds to exactly one
elementin the range.
To further understand function, let’s study the following.
Given the following ordered pairs, which relations are functions?
A = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)}
B = {(3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)}
C = {(1, 0), (0, 1, (-1, 0), (0,-1)}
D = {(a, b), (b, c), (c, d), (a, d)}
The relations A and B are functions because each element in the domain
corresponds to a unique element in the range. Meanwhile, relations C and D are not
functions because they contain ordered pairs with the same domain [C = (0, 1) and (0,-
1), D = (a, b) and (a, d)].
How about from the given table of values, which relation shows a function?
A and B are functions since all the values of x corresponds to exactly one value of y.
Unlike table C, where -1 corresponds to two values, 4 and 1.
We can also identify a function given a diagram. On the following mapping diagrams,
which do you think represent functions?
The relations A and C are functions because each element in the domain corresponds
to a unique element in the range. However, B is a mere relation and not function
because there is a domain which corresponds to more than one range.
How about if the given are graphs of relations, can you identify which are functions?
Do you still remember the vertical line test?
Using the vertical line test, can you identify the graph/s of function?
A and C are graphs of functions while B and D are not because they do not pass the
vertical line test.
In Mathematics, we can represent functions in different ways. It can be represented
through words, tables, mappings, equations and graphs
A function, the value of the domain must correspond to a single value of the range. Let’s
read some of the conversations and determine if they can be classified as function or
not.
Scenario 1: June and Mae are in a long-time relationship until June realized that
he wants to marry Mae.
Scenario 2: Kim is a naturally born Filipino but because of her eyes, many people
confused if she is a Chinese. Let’s see how she responds to her new classmates
who are asking if she’s a Chinese.
Scenario 3: As part of their requirements in Statistics class, Andrei made a
survey on the religion of his classmates and here’s what he found out.
Andrei: Good morning classmates, as our requirement in Statistics may I know
your religion. This data will be part of my input in the survey that I am doing.
Ana 1: I am a Catholic.
Kevin: I am also a Catholic.
Sam: I am a member of the Iglesia ni Cristo.
Joey: I am a Born Again Christian.
Lanie: My family is a Muslim.
Jen: We are sacred a Catholic Family.
Andrei: Thank you classmates for your responses.
Functions as representations of real-life situations
Functions can often be used to model real-life situations. Identifying an
appropriate functional model will lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.
The above scenarios are all examples of relations that show function.
Monogamous marriage (Example: Christian countries) is an example of function when
there is faith and loyalty. Let say, June is the domain and Mae is the range, when there
is faithfulness in their marriage, there will be one-to-one relationship - one domain to
one range.
Nationality could also illustrate a function. We expect that at least a person has
one nationality. Let say Kim is the domain and her nationality is the range, therefore
there is a one-to-one relationship. Since Kim was born and live in the Philippines, she
can never have multiple nationalities except Filipino. (Remember: Under RA 9225 only
those naturally-born Filipinos who have become naturalized citizens of another country
can have dual citizenship. This is not applicable to Kim since she was born in the
Philippines and never a citizen of other country.)
Religion is also an example of function because a person can never have two
religions. Inside the classroom, three classmates said that they are Catholic. This shows
a many-to-one relationship. Classmates being the domain and religion being the range
indicate that different values of domain can have one value of range. One-to-one
relationship was also illustrated by the classmates who said that they are Born Again,
Muslim and Iglesia ni Cristo - one student to one religion.
The Function Machine
Function can be illustrated as a machine where there is the input and the output.
When you put an object into a machine, you expect a product as output after the
process being done by the machine. For example, when you put an orange fruit into a
juicer, you expect an orange juice as the output and not a grape juice. Or you will never
expect to have two kinds of juices - orange and grapes.
Function can be represented by equation. Since output (y) is dependent on input (x), we
can say that y is a function of x. For example, if a function machine always adds three
(3) to whatever you put in it. Therefore, we can derive an equation of x + 3 = y or f(x) =
x+ 3 where f(x) = y.
Example:
A. If height (H) is a function of age (a), give a function H that can represent the
height of a person in a age, if every year the height is added by 2 inches.
Solution:
function is 𝑯(𝒂) = 𝟐 + 𝒂
Since every year the height is added by 2 inches, then the height
B. If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a function D that can represent the
distance a car travels in t time, if every hour the car travels 60 kilometers.
Solution:
given by (𝒕) = 𝟔𝟎𝒕
Since every hour, the car travels 60 kilometers, therefore the distance function is
C. Give a function B that can represent the amount of battery charge of a cellular phone
in h hour, if 12% of battery was loss every hour.
Solution:
battery function is 𝑩(𝒉) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝒉
Since every hour losses 12% of the battery, then the amount of
D. Squares of side x are cut from each corner of a 10 in x 8 in rectangle, so that its
sides can be folded to make a box with no top. Define a function in terms
of x that can represent the volume of the box.
Solution:
The length and width of the box are 10 - 2x and 8 - 2x, respectively. Its
(𝒙) = (𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐𝒙)(𝟖 − 𝟐𝒙)(𝒙) = 𝟖𝟎𝒙 − 𝟑𝟔𝒙² + 𝟒𝒙³
height is x. Thus, the volume of the box can be represented by the function.
Piecewise Functions
There are functions that require more than one formula in order to obtain the
given output. There are instances when we need to describe situations in which a rule
or relationship changes as the input value crosses certain boundaries. In this case, we
need to apply the piecewise function.
A piecewise function is a function in which more than one formula is used to
define the output. Each formula has its own domain, and the domain of the function is
the union of all these smaller domains. We notate this idea like this:
Examples:
1. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular mobile
plan, which includes 200 free text messages. Messages in
excess of 200 are charged ₱1.00 each. Represent the monthly
cost for text messaging using the function t(m), where m is the
number of messages sent in a month
(𝑚) = { 250 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑚 ≤ 200
Answer:
For sending messages of not
exceeding200
(250 + 𝑚) 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 > 200 in case the messages sent were
more than 200
2. A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per piece. However, if you buy more than 5
pieces they will mark down the price to ₱48.00 per piece. Use a piecewise function to
represent the cost in terms of the number of chocolate bars bought.
(𝑛) = {50 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑛 ≤ 5
Answer:
(48𝑛) 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 5
For buying 5 chocolate bars or less
For buying more than 5 chocolate bars
C. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is ₱250.00 per
head for 50 persons or less, ₱200.00 per head for 51 to 100 persons, and
₱150.00 per head for more than 100. Represent the total cost as a piecewise
function of the number of attendees to the party.
Answer:
250 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 ≤ 50 Cost for a service to at least 50
200 𝑖𝑓 51 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 100 Cost for a service to 51 to 100
persons
(ℎ) = {
150 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 100
persons
Cost for a service to persons
“The proper function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste my days
in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time”
- Jack London
-
Prepared by:
JUVY BADIE S. MARATA, LPT
Mathematics Teacher
FIRST QUARTER IN GENERAL MATHEMATICS (WEEK 1)
FUNCTIONS
ANSWER SHEET
NAME: _______________________________ GRADE/SECTION:________________
DIRECTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to your answer.
1. Which of the following is not true about function?
a. Function is composed of two quantities where one depends on the other.
b. One-to-one correspondence is a function.
c. Many-to-one correspondence is a function.
d. One-to-many correspondence is a function.
2. In a relation, what do you call the y values or the output?
a. Piecewise b. Range c. Domain d. Independent
3. Which of the following tables is NOT a representation of functions?
4. In this table, what is the domain of the function?
a. D: {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} c. D: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
b. D: {a, b, c, d, e} d. y = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, a, b, c, d}
5. Which of the following relations is/are function/s?
a. x = {(-1,2), (-3,4), (-1,7), (5,1)} c. h = {(6,1), (-2,3), (2, 6), (7, 2)}`
b. g = {(-3,2), (3,1), (-3,2), (5,7)} d. y = {(2,3), (3,2), (-2,3), (3, -2)
6. Which of the following relations is/are function/s?
a. the rule which assigns to each person the name of his brother
b. the rule which assigns the name of teachers you have
c. the rule which assigns a pen and the color of its ink
d. the rule which assigns each person a surname
7. A person can encode 1000 words in every hour of typing job. Which of the following
expresses the total words W as a function of the number n of hours that the person can
a. (𝑛) = 1000 + 𝑛
encode?
b. (𝑛) = 1000/𝑛
c. (𝑛) = 1000𝑛 d. 𝑊(𝑛) = 1000 − 𝑛
8. Judy is earning ₱300.00 per day for cleaning the house of Mrs. Perez and additional
₱25.00 for an hour of taking care Mrs. Perez’s child. Express the total salary (S) of Judy
including the time (h) spent for taking care the child.
d. 𝑆(ℎ) = 300/25ℎ
a. (ℎ) = 300 + 25ℎ c. (ℎ) = 300(25ℎ)
b. (ℎ) = 300 − 25ℎ
a. 𝑉 = 3𝑠, where s is the length of the edge
9. Which of the following functions define the volume of a cube?
b. 𝑉 = 𝑠³, where s is the length of the edge
c. 𝑉 = 2𝑠³, where s is the length of the edge
d. 𝑉 = 𝑠/3, where s is the length of the edge
10. Eighty meters of fencing is available to enclose the rectangular garden of Mang
Gustin. Give a function A that can represent the area that can be enclosed in
a. (𝑥) = 40𝑥 − 𝑥² c. (𝑥) = 40𝑥2 − 𝑥
terms of x.
b. (𝑥) = 80𝑥 − 𝑥² d. 𝐴(𝑥) = 80𝑥2 − 𝑥
SCO
NAME:______________________________ GRADE/SECTION:________________
DIRECTION: At home or in your community, look for the at least three (3) situations
that could represent functions. From the identified situations, write a sample problem
and its corresponding function equation. Write your answer in a separate ½ cross wised
and attached this sheet.
Example:
Situation: The budget for food is a function of the number of family members.
Problem: Reyes family has Php ₱1,500.00 food budget for each member of their
family in a month. Express the total food budget (B) as a function of number of
family members (n) in one month.
Function: (𝑥) = 1500𝑥
“The proper function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste my
days in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time”
- Jack London
Prepared by:
JUVY BADIE S. MARATA, LPT
Mathematics Teacher
