Data Communication Network Lab Project Report on
Implementation of IP Commands such as
TraceRoute, Nslookup
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
Electronics and Communication Engineering By
K .RAMYASRI (Roll No: 22D41A0455)
K.RITHIKA (Roll No: 23D41A0454)
K.SHIVANI (Roll No: 22D41A0453)
K. PAVAN KUMAR (Roll No: 22D41A0457)
Under the esteemed guidance of
Mrs. Kalpana
Asst. Prof
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
SRI INDU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution under UGC, New Delhi) Recognized
under 2(f) and 12(B) of UGC Act. 1956
Sheriguda village, Ibrahimpatnam, RR District – 501 510, T.S,INDIA2023-2024
ABSTRACT
The IPCONFIG network command provides a comprehensive view of information regarding
the IP address configuration of the device we are currently working on.
Traceroute is one of the most common utilities built into most operating systems. It is useful for
diagnosing network connections. It shows the path of a packet going from your host/computer
through each of the individual routes that handle the packet and time required for it to go from
one router to another up to the final host/destination.
Nslookup is the name of a program that lets users enter a host name and find out the
corresponding IP address or domain name system (DNS) record. Users can also enter a
command in nslookup to do a reverse DNS lookup and find the host name for a specified IP
address.
IMPLEMENTATION OF IP COMMANDS SUCH AS TRACEROUTE,
NSLOOKUP
AIM: Implementation of IP commands such as traceroute, nslookup
APPARATUS REQUIRED: command prompt & packet tracer
THEORY:
TRACEROUTE
When you start the traceroute command, it sends a packet (using the Internet Control Message
Protocol or ICMP) with a time limit value (known as the 'time to live' - TTL). The first packet
has a TTL of 1, the second packet has a TTL of 2, etc. Increasing TTL in such a manner, it
resends the packet so that you can reach the first, the second and other routers on the way to the
destination. When a router receives the packet, it sends a Time Exceeded message, which
provides an opportunity to determine the time required for the hop to the router. Each time a
packet is passed to a new router, the TTL is decreased by 1. When it reaches 0, the packet is
discarded, and the router returns an error message.
NSLOOKUP
The primary purpose of nslookup is to retrieve detailed information about the specified domain.
This information is essential for troubleshooting DNS-related problems.
LIST OF NSLOOKUP COMMANDS
There are various types of nslookup commands for requesting different domain information.
The most commonly used commands include:
name – shows information about the domain name or hostname using the default server.
server name – sets a different default DNS server using the current one’s information.
root – assigns the root server as the default.
set type=<record type> – queries a specific DNS record type, such as A, MX, PTR, or SOA.
Use ANY to display all server records.
set debug – displays debugging information about each query and its corresponding response.
set recurse – asks the DNS nameserver to query other servers if it can’t provide the
information.
help – shows a list of nslookup commands and their functions.
exit – quits the nslookup tool and returns users to the CLI.
PROCEDURE:
PROCEDURE FOR TRACEROUTE:
For Windows
Perform the following actions to run the tracert command:
1. Select the Start button > click on the Run option.
2. In the command line, type in cmd and press Enter.
3. Input:
tracert ***
You need to use the domain name, the server's name or its IP instead of ***.
4. Press Enter.
PROCEDURE FOR NSLOOKUP:
The Nslookup command is a DNS lookup utility. You can use the following commands to look
up the information for a selected hostname:
nslookup hostname - provides an A record for the hostname:
nslookup -type=RecordType hostname - gives the specified record for the set hostname (i.e., if
you enter nslookup -type=txt hostname it will provide you with the txt record, etc.):
nslookup hostname nameserver (nameserver address or nameserver IP address) - provides you
with a DNS record stored in the specified DNS server:
RESULT:
Hence we have implemented the various IP commands such as TraceRoute and Nslookup
REFERENCE:
Ping , Traceroute and nslookup.. Lets see all these cmds in detail… | by The_Anshuman |
Medium
What are Traceroute, Ping, Telnet and Nslookup commands? - Hosting - Namecheap.com
Network configuration and troubleshooting commands in Linux - GeeksforGeeks
