A Compendium of G7 Commitments on

Climate Change, Health, Well-Being,

Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition, 2011–2023

Dhiroj Prasad Koirala, Tetsushi Sonobe,

Dil B. Rahut, and Nicolas J.A. Buchoud

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTE

A Compendium of G7 Commitments
on Climate Change, Health,
Well-Being, Agriculture, Food,
and Nutrition, 2011–2023

Dhiroj Prasad Koirala, Tetsushi Sonobe,

Dil B. Rahut, and Nicolas J.A. Buchoud

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTE

© 2024 Asian Development Bank Institute

All rights reserved.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56506/MIAX1554

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CONTENTS
Authorsiv

Background
1 1

Climate
2 Change 5

Health
3 11

Well-Being
4 14


5 Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition 16

Bibliography19

Appendixes21

iii
 AUTHORS
Dhiroj Prasad Koirala is a doctoral student in the Department of Resource Economics at the University
of Massachusetts Amherst.

Tetsushi Sonobe is dean and CEO of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI).

Dil B. Rahut is vice-chair of research and a senior research fellow at ADBI.

Nicolas J.A. Buchoud is a senior advisor to the dean and CEO of ADBI. He is also a senior fellow at the
Research and Information System for Developing Countries in New Delhi and a fellow at the Global
Solutions Initiative in Berlin.

iv
CHAPTER 1

Background
The Group of Seven (G7) has been crucial in shaping global affairs for over 50 years.1 Continuing this
tradition of leadership and commitment to transparency and accountability is critical in the coming
decades against the backdrop of climate change, global uncertainties, and other emerging challenges.
Hence, this compendium offers a comprehensive overview of the group’s commitments across four
critical areas:2

1. Climate change
2. Health
3. Well-being
4. Agriculture, food, and nutrition

Accountability and transparency are fundamental principles for maintaining the credibility of these
commitments and cementing the G7’s leadership role in global affairs. At the Heiligendamm Summit in
2007, the G8 members agreed to establish an accountability system, recognizing that the effectiveness
of the group is measured not only by what its annual communiqué entails, but also by whether those
commitments made by the leaders are kept. Better tracking and reporting on implementation, including
identifying progress and gaps, are crucial to maintain the G7’s credibility. At the Hokkaido Toyako
Summit in 2008, the G8 placed accountability firmly on its agenda by releasing the first implementation
reports of past commitments and requesting future reports. Building on this, the leaders issued
a preliminary accountability report at the L’Aquila Summit in 2009, assessing education, water and
sanitation, food security, and health. During the same summit under the Italian presidency, the terms
of reference for the G7 Accountability Working Group (AWG) were adopted also.
1

The AWG has since been responsible for producing comprehensive reports every 3 years reviewing the
progress on all active and relevant commitments of the G7, with sector-focused reports in the intervening
years. These reports provide qualitative and quantitative information assessing the implementation of
development-related commitments made at G7 summits. In addition, the mechanism allows citizens
and civil society within and outside G7 countries to monitor and hold G7 governments accountable
for their commitments. Since its establishment, the AWG has published five comprehensive reports:
Muskoka (2010), Lough Erne (2013), Ise-Shima (2016), Biarritz (2019), and Elmau (2022). It has also
released seven thematic reports, including Deauville (2011) on health and food security; Camp David
(2012) on food security, markets and trade, nutrition, and global health; Elmau (2015) on biodiversity;
Taormina (2017) on global partnership for education; Charlevoix (2018) on economic empowerment
of women; and Carbis Bay (2021) on universal health coverage and global health; Hiroshima (2023) on
food security and nutrition, as well as migration and refugees.

At the Elmau Summit in 2022, the G7 introduced its G7 Dashboard on Gender Gaps to annually track
the implementation of their leaders’ commitments to gender equality in member countries. This
mechanism is designed to inform and support decision-making and actions regarding gender equality.
The progress reports and the dashboard serve as valuable resources for monitoring the fulfillment of
the gender-related commitments made by the G7 leaders.

1
The intergovernmental grouping consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United
States, as well as the European Union. From 1997 to 2014, the group was known as the G8, with Russia also a member.
Following Russia’s expulsion from the G8 in March 2014 due to its annexation of Crimea from Ukraine, the group once again
became the G7.
2
The G7 commitments listed in this compendium before 2014 were from the G8, which at the time included Russia.
A COMPENDIUM OF G7 COMMITMENTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH,
WELL-BEING, AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION, 2011–2023

As mentioned at the outset, this compendium reviews the G7’s commitment to accountability and
transparency, focusing on four key themes: climate change; health; well-being; and agriculture, food,
and nutrition.3 Unlike the AWG’s approach, which tracks only active and relevant commitments, we
take a comprehensive view of the evolution of the G7’s commitments since 2011 across these sectors.
We assess both national and international commitments made by the G7, expanding beyond the typical
focus on the implementation of development-related commitments.

To fulfill our objectives, we conducted a thorough review of annual G7 leaders’ communiqués from 2011
to 2023, except for 2020 when the summit was cancelled due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
pandemic. The host country and date of the G7 meetings within the study period of this compendium
are presented in a timeline chart in Figure 1.

We further integrated insights from the previously mentioned AWG progress reports. Additionally,
we studied the G7 Financial Report on Food Security and Nutrition for 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022,
along with the G7 Hiroshima Progress Report 2023, G7 Clean Energy Economy Action Plan 2023,
Hiroshima Action Statement for Resilient Global Food Security 2023, G7 Hiroshima Progress Report
2023, G7 Ocean Deal Progress Report 2022, Terms of Reference for the Climate Club 2022, G7 Pact
for Pandemic Readiness 2022, G7’s Statement on Global Food Security 2022, and G7 Roadmap for a
Gender-Responsive Economic Environment 2017. These references are listed in the Bibligraphy.

It is critical for the readers to understand that the G7 leaders adopted these commitments against the
backdrop of major global events, which influenced the G7 agendas significantly, such as the Russian
invasion of Ukraine (started in February 2022), the COVID-19 pandemic (began in December 2019),
the spread of Ebola virus disease (most notably in 2014–2016) and the Zika virus outbreak (peak in
2 2015/16), and the signing of the Paris Climate Accord (December 2015), all detailed in Table 1.

3
These themes align with various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as climate action (Goal 13), affordable and
clean energy (Goal 7), good health and well-being (Goal 3), no poverty (Goal 1), quality education (Goal 4), gender equality
(Goal 5), decent work and economic growth (Goal 8), reducing inequality (Goal 10), zero hunger (Goal 2), and partnerships
for the goals (Goal 17).
 BACKGROUND

Figure 1: Timeline the G7 Meetings, Host Countries, and Dates During the Study Period

1. Host country: Japan

2. Date of summit: 19–21 May 2023

2022 1. Host country: Germany

2. Date of summit: 26–28 June

1. Host country: UK
2. Date of summit: 11–13 June 2021

2020 Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic

1. Host country: France

2. Date of summit: 24–26 August 2019

2018 1. Host country: Canada

2. Date of summit: 8–9 June

1. Host country: Italy

2. Date of summit: 26–27 May 2017
3
2016 1. Host country: Japan
2. Date of summit: 26–27 May

1. Host country: Germany

2. Date of summit: 7–8 June
2015

2014 1. Host country: Belgium

2. Date of summit: 4–5 June

1. Host country: United Kingdom

2. Date of summit: 17–18 June 2013

2012 1. Host country: United States

2. Date of summit: 18–19 May

1. Host country: France

2. Date of summit: 26–27 May 2011
A COMPENDIUM OF G7 COMMITMENTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH,
WELL-BEING, AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION, 2011–2023

Table 1: Dates, Venues, and Influences on Agenda Items of G7 Summits, 2010–2023

Year Major Events That Influenced the Agenda Date Host City, Country
2023 19–21 May Hiroshima, Japan
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 Feb–present) 26–28 Jun Elmau, Germany
2021 11–13 Jun Cornwall, United Kingdom (UK)
2020 Wide spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Maryland, United States (US)
pandemic
2019 24–26 Aug Biarritz, France
2018 8–9 Jun Quebec, Canada
2017 Donald Trump became the US president (2017–2021) 26–27 May Taormina, Italy
2016 • Ebola outbreak (2014–2016) 26–27 May Ise-Shima, Japan
2015 • Paris Agreement adopted at the Conference of the 7–8 Jun Elmau, Germany
Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change on 15 December
• Adoption of the United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) in September 2015
• Adoption of the United Nations Addis Ababa Action
Agenda during 13–16 July
• Ebola outbreak (2014–2016)
2014 • Russian annexation of Crimea 4–5 Jun Brussels, Belgium
• Ebola outbreak (2014–2016)
• Russian expulsion from the G8
2013 17–18 Jun Fermanagh, UK
2012 18–19 May Maryland, US
4 2011 Syrian civil war began 26–27 May Calvados, France
2010 Muskoka Initiative on Maternal, Newborn and Child 25–26 Jun Ontario, Canada
Health (2010–2015)
Source: Authors.
CHAPTER 2

Climate Change
We start with climate change, a global crisis requiring urgent and coordinated action. The G7 leaders
have expressed their deep concern about the accelerated and more intense impacts of climate change,
as highlighted by the latest findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In
the 2023 G7 leaders’ communiqué, they reiterate their commitment to reduce global greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions by around 43% by 2030 and 60% by 2035, relative to 2019.

This document highlights the G7’s unified and high-level stance on climate change, termed “overarching
commitments.” These commitments are anchored by two pillars: national and international climate
commitments (Figure 2). While these overarching pledges are often challenging to measure individually,
they guide detailed actions incorporated into both national and international commitments.

Figure 2: Visual Depiction of G7’s Climate Commitments

Overarching Commitments
International Commitments
National Commitments

Source: Authors.

2.1 Overarching Climate Commitments

Table 2 presents a detailed summary of the G7’s overarching commitments on climate change across
their annual summits. It not only highlights the years when these commitments were made or reiterated
but also offers insights how the G7’s main priorities have remained consistent or changed.
A COMPENDIUM OF G7 COMMITMENTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH,
WELL-BEING, AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION, 2011–2023

Table 2: List of G7’s Overarching Commitments and the Years They Were Made or Repeated
Commitment Year in Which Made or Repeated
Paris Agreement 2023, 2022,
2021, 2016
Global methane pledge 2023, 2022
Glasgow climate pact 2023, 2022
Urgent, ambitious, and inclusive climate action in this decade (2020– 2023, 2022,
2030) 2021
Sustainable and resilient future that creates jobs for citizens 2018, 2017
Achieve a clean environment, clean air, clean water, and healthy soil 2018, 2017
Strengthen collective energy security 2018, 2017
Adopt a protocol, another legal instrument, or an agreed outcome with 2015
legal force under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change applicable to all parties that is ambitious, robust, inclusive,
and reflects evolving national circumstances at the Climate Change
Conference in Paris
Urgent and concrete action to address climate change, as set out in the 2014, 2013
Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change
To effectively limit the increase in global temperature below 2°C above 2014, 2013,
pre-industrial levels 2010
Meeting energy needs from a wide variety of sources ranging from 2012
traditional fuels to renewables to other clean technologies
Pursuing and promoting sustainable energy and low carbon policies to 2012
tackle the global challenge of climate change
Source: Authors.
6

Notes on the G7’s Overarching Climate Commitments

(i) The G7 itself has accepted that the current global climate ambitions and implementation
of actions are insufficient to tackle climate change and achieve the Paris Agreement goals
(G7 communiqués 2022 and 2013).
(ii) Particularly since 2020, which overlaps with Joe Biden’s presidency in the United States
(US), the G7’s climate commitments have become more detailed and robust. The group has
acknowledged the urgent need for bold climate actions throughout this decade (2020–2030).
(iii) At the Biarritz Summit in 2019, the G7 did not make any commitments regarding climate
change, nor was the issue mentioned. Instead, discussions focused on trade, Iran, Ukraine,
Libya, and Hong Kong, China.
(iv) The 2018 communiqué made no explicit climate commitments. It was vague and more focused
on pursuing global efforts toward a sustainable and resilient future that creates jobs for citizens;
achieving a clean environment, clean air, clean water, and healthy soil; and strengthening
collective energy security.
(v) In 2018, the G7 communiqué mentioned the following about the US, which mainly emphasized
energy security (G7 communiqué 2017):
The United States believes sustainable economic growth and development
depends on universal access to affordable and reliable energy resources.
It commits to ongoing action to strengthen the world’s collective energy
security through policies that facilitate open, diverse, transparent, liquid, and
secure global markets for all energy sources. The United States will continue to
 CLIMATE CHANGE

promote energy security and economic growth in a manner that improves the
health of the world’s oceans and environment, while increasing public-private
investments in energy infrastructure and technology that advances the ability of
countries to produce, transport, and use all available energy sources based on
each country’s national circumstances. The United States will endeavor to work
closely with other countries to help them access and use fossil fuels more cleanly
and efficiently and help deploy renewable and other clean energy sources, given
the importance of energy access and security in their Nationally Determined
Contributions. The United States believes in the key role of energy transitions
through the development of market-based clean energy technologies and the
importance of technology collaboration and innovation to continue advancing
economic growth and protect the environment as part of sustainable, resilient,
and clean energy systems. The United States reiterates its commitment to
advancing sustainable economic growth, and underscores the importance of
continued action to reduce air and water pollution.
(vi) From 2017 to 2019, a period that coincided with Donald Trump’s presidency in the US, the G7’s
climate commitments diminished. Unity among the G7 members on climate issues was notably
lacking, and the higher focus was on energy security.
(vii) Prior to 2015, the G7 was focused on establishing a robust international climate accord.
This culminated in the adoption at the United Nations Climate Change Conference of the
Paris Agreement, aimed at coordinating global climate actions. Although the G7 recognized
climate change as a significant global challenge, it was not their primary focus. Initially, the
G7 committed to limiting global temperature rise to below 2°C above preindustrial levels.
However, the Paris Agreement set more ambitious targets, advocating for keeping the increase
well below 2°C with an aspirational goal of 1.5°C. Recent G7 communiqués have underscored 7
a dedication to this stringent target, reinforcing their commitment to capping the temperature
rise at no more than 1.5°C above preindustrial benchmarks.

2.2 National Climate Commitments

The first pillar supporting the overarching climate commitments consists of the national commitments
that G7 countries have pledged to implement within their own borders. These are detailed and can
often be quantitatively assessed based on the achievement of their stated outcomes.

The national climate commitments emphasize decarbonizing the road and power sectors, enhancing
energy efficiency, eliminating fossil fuel subsidies, and formulating long-term strategies and adaptation
plans. This focus underscores the importance of innovation in renewable energy and sector-specific
decarbonization efforts. This approach comprehensively addresses emissions across various sectors,
recognizing the critical need for broad-based environmental action.

Some of the major national climate commitments are:

(i) Decarbonization in the road and power sectors: The commitments emphasize the importance
of transitioning these sectors to low-carbon alternatives. This is crucial, as these sectors are
major contributors to GHG emissions. The G7’s specific commitments to these sectors include:
• Achieving a highly decarbonized road sector by 2030 and net zero emissions in the road
sector by 2050 (G7 communiqués 2023 and 2022).
• Ensuring a fully or predominantly decarbonized power sector by 2035 and accelerating the
phase-out of domestic unabated coal power generation (G7 communiqués 2023 and 2022).
A COMPENDIUM OF G7 COMMITMENTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH,
WELL-BEING, AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION, 2011–2023

(ii) Energy efficiency: The G7 has emphasized the need to increase energy efficiency. Improving
energy efficiency can help reduce overall energy consumption and lower GHG emissions
(G7 communiqués 2022, 2021, and 2016).
(iii) Elimination of fossil fuel subsidies: The commitments call for the elimination of subsidies
for fossil fuels. This is important as fossil fuel subsidies can hinder the transition to renewable
energy sources and perpetuate dependence on fossil fuels. The G7’s specific commitment to
eliminate fossil fuel subsidies include eliminating inefficient fossil fuel subsidies by 2025 or
sooner (G7 communiqués 2023, 2022, and 2016).
The G7 first made this commitment to eliminate inefficient fossil fuel subsidies by 2025 or
sooner in 2016. Prior to this, they did not clearly mention the date by which they planned to do
so. This commitment was notably absent during the Trump presidency in the US.
(iv) Long-term strategies and adaptation communications: The G7 has stressed the importance
of countries submitting long-term strategies and adaptation communications. This indicates
a focus on planning for the future and addressing the impacts of climate change. The G7’s
specific commitment to this issue includes:
• Rapidly implementing domestic mitigation measures to achieve nationally determined
contribution or NDC targets in 2030; increasing ambition; adopting or strengthening
sectoral targets; developing non-carbon dioxide subtargets; and adopting stringent
implementation measures (G7 communique 2023 and 2022).
• Submitting 2050 long-term strategies by the 2021 United Nations Climate Change
Conference (COP26) and regularly updating these as needed in line with the Paris
Agreement (G7 communiqué 2021).
• Submitting adaptation communications as soon as possible, and if feasible, by COP26
(G7 communiqué 2021).
8
Finally, the G7 has emphasized the role of innovation and renewable energy in addressing climate
change. This highlights a forward-thinking approach and underscores the group’s commitment to
exploring new technologies and solutions.

2.3 International Climate Commitments

The second pillar to support the overarching climate commitments are the international commitments
that the G7 countries pledged to perform at the international level, beyond their borders. These
commitments are detailed, and many can be measured based on whether the stated outcomes
are achieved, but many of them are too broad. These commitments include efforts to achieve zero
emissions, mobilize climate finance, expand renewable energy capacity, and phase out fossil fuels. They
also highlight the importance of advancing innovation, promoting low-carbon technologies, improving
measurement, reporting emissions, and reducing short-lived climate pollutants.

Some of the major international climate commitments are:

(i) Climate mitigation and resilience: The G7 has emphasized the importance of integrating
climate considerations into development and investment decisions. It underscores the need
for a proactive approach to address climate challenges, ensuring that development projects
and investments are both sustainable and resilient to climate change. The establishment of an
international climate club during the G7 presidency of Germany in 2022 further exemplifies
these collaborative efforts to address climate mitigation and build resilience. The G7’s specific
commitments to this issue include:
 CLIMATE CHANGE

• Endorsing the goals of an open and cooperative international climate club (G7 communiqué
2022).
• Incorporating climate mitigation and resilience considerations into development assistance
and investment decisions (G7 communiqué 2015).
(ii) Emission reductions and net zero goals: Central to global climate efforts, the G7 has focused
on reducing GHG emissions and pursuing net zero emissions targets. Over the years, there has
been a clear emphasis on setting ambitious goals to achieve net zero, particularly in sectors
such as shipping and aviation. The commitments reflect a global consensus on the urgency to
curb emissions and achieve a carbon-neutral future. The G7’s specific commitments to this
issue include:
• Strengthening global efforts to achieve zero life-cycle GHG emissions from international
shipping by 2050. Accelerating global efforts to achieve the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO) goal of net zero in international aviation by 2050 (G7 communiqué
2023).
• Reducing reliance on fossil fuels and accelerating the clean energy transition toward
achieving net zero no later than 2050 (G7 communiqué 2022).
• Aligning official international financing with the global achievement of net zero GHG
emissions no later than 2050 (G7 communiqué 2021).
• Incentivizing investments toward low-carbon growth opportunities (G7 communiqué
2015).
(iii) Fossil fuels and renewable energy: The G7 is determined to significantly reduce the global
dependency on fossil fuels and transition to cleaner energy sources. The commitments highlight
the urgency to phase out support for carbon-intensive fossil fuel energy and accelerate the
adoption of renewable energy. The emphasis is on creating a sustainable energy landscape that
aligns with climate goals. The G7’s specific commitments to this issue include: 9
• Accelerating the phase-out of unabated fossil fuels to achieve net zero in energy systems by
2050 at the latest (G7 communiqué 2023).
• Committing to end new direct public support for the international unabated fossil fuel
energy sector by the end of 2022 (G7 communiqué 2022).
• Phasing out new direct government support for international carbon-intensive fossil fuel
energy (G7 communiqué 2021).
(iv) Financial support and investments: Financial commitments play a pivotal role in driving
global climate action. This underscores the importance of mobilizing financial resources,
both public and private, to support climate initiatives in poor and vulnerable countries. The
repeated commitment to mobilize $100 billion annually signifies the scale of investment
required to address climate challenges and support developing nations in their transition.
The G7’s specific commitments to this issue include:
• Jointly mobilizing $100 billion annually in climate finance by 2020 through to 2025
(G7 communiqué 2023).
• Supporting low- and middle-income countries in their clean energy transitions, enhancing
climate finance, and evolving multilateral development banks to respond more effectively
to global challenges, including those related to clean energy (2023 Clean Energy Economy
Action Plan).
• Supporting partners in developing countries and emerging markets to make their transitions
to clean energy through ambitious new development partnerships and accelerating access
to financing (G7 communiqué 2022).
• Reaffirming the collective developed country goal to jointly mobilize $100 billion per year
from public and private sources (G7 communiqué 2021).
• Enhance synergies between finance for climate and biodiversity and promote funding that
has co-benefits for both climate and nature (G7 communiqué 2021).
A COMPENDIUM OF G7 COMMITMENTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH,
WELL-BEING, AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION, 2011–2023

(iv) Global energy trade: Trade and energy are interconnected domains that have a significant
impact on global climate efforts. This issue emphasizes the need to facilitate global energy
trade, ensuring energy security and accessibility. The commitments reflect the importance of
creating an open and cooperative energy market that supports sustainable growth. Additionally,
the G7 emphasizes the critical importance of trade policies in tackling climate change. The
G7’s specific action on this issue includes:
• Tackling climate change with trade and trade policies as vital tools. The G7 intends to pursue
trade policies that drive decarbonization and emissions reduction, supporting standards
that avoid competitive disadvantages and promoting environmental sustainability (2023
Clean Energy Economy Action Plan).
• Boosting trade and investment in goods and services that reduce GHG emissions, and
coordinating international efforts to promote a circular economy and reduce embedded
trade emissions (2023 Clean Energy Economy Action Plan).
• Facilitating global energy trade, including commitment to the principles on global energy
security adopted by the G8 in Saint Petersburg in 2006 (G7 communiqué 2012).

2.4 Final Notes

(i) The G7 has acknowledged the significant threats posed by climate change and increasing global
inequalities to the world economy.
(ii) The G7 has pledged to spearhead a technology-driven shift toward achieving net zero
emissions, with an emphasis on addressing the most critical and polluting sectors (2022 Ocean
Deal Progress Report).
10 (iii) The G7 has committed to ensuring that the protection and sustainable management of oceans
contribute to broader climate goals, such as those outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement and
2021 Glasgow Climate Pact.
(iv) The G7 focuses on sectoral decarbonization:
• Industrial and innovation sectors: The G7 has committed to decarbonizing industries
such as iron, steel, cement, chemicals, and petrochemicals to achieve net zero emissions
throughout the economy. Leveraging their collective expertise in science, technology,
policy formulation, finance, and regulation, they have introduced the G7 Industrial
Decarbonization Agenda, which aims to enhance the ambitions of current initiatives
(G7 communiqué 2021).
• Homes, buildings, and industry: The G7 has recognized the pressing need to amplify the
adoption of renewable heating and cooling solutions and to decrease energy consumption.
This necessitates transformative changes in building design, the use of sustainable
materials, and renovations. The G7 supports the Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance
Deployment (SEAD) initiative, which aspires to double the efficiency of systems such as
lighting, cooling, refrigeration, and motors globally by 2030 (G7 communiqué 2021).
• Renewable energy: Details on the G7’s recent international efforts on climate change and
the promotion of renewable energy are documented in the Elmau Progress Report 2022
(pp. 242–271) and the Biarritz Progress Report 2019 (pp. 131–141).
CHAPTER 3

Health
In health, the G7 leaders have committed to preparedness against future pandemics, such as COVID-19,
and other health threats. Their commitment to preparing for epidemics, pandemics, and other health
threats escalated ever since the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa (G7 communique 2014):4

We commit to working across sectors to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious diseases,
whether naturally occurring, accidental, or the result of a deliberate act by a state or non-
state actor. That includes building global capacity so that we are better prepared for threats
such as the recent Ebola outbreak in West Africa and working together, in close cooperation
with WHO, to develop a Global Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance.

The G7 has committed to developing and strengthening the global health architecture with the World
Health Organization (WHO) at its core to prepare for (future) public health emergencies, improve
access to health services worldwide, and accelerate efforts toward achieving universal health coverage
(Carbis Bay Progress Report 2021). The leaders have reiterated the urgent need to foster innovation
and to strengthen research and development of safe, effective, quality-assured, and affordable medical
countermeasures, including vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics, aiming to make them available
within 100 days, as underlined by the 100 Days Mission. The G7 has committed to broad international
collaboration in the health sector and to providing support to developing countries.

The G7 also highlights the value of global cooperation in combating antimicrobial resistance, a growing
threat to global health, and recognizes the significance of mental health, gender equality, and social
protection in enhancing healthy lives.
11

The G7’s commitments align with the evolving priorities and approaches in global health. The G7
stresses the need for a more integrated and resilient health system in this context. Some of the major
health commitments of the G7 include:

(i) Pandemic preparedness and response: The G7 underscores the importance of strengthening
international norms and regulations to enhance pandemic preparedness and response. In
line with this, the group has stated adopting the WHO CA+ by May 2024 and amending the
International Health Regulations (IHR),5 which suggests setting a timeline for international
collaboration and the establishment of new guidelines or frameworks to enhance global
pandemic preparedness. The G7’s specific commitments on this issue include:
• Supporting the establishment of an international pathogen surveillance network, known
as a global pandemic radar (G7 communiqués 2023, 2022, and 2021).
• Making available safe and effective vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics within 100 days
(G7 communiqués 2023 and 2021).
• Achieving genomic sequencing of at least 10% of all new positive COVID-19 samples during
the pandemic phase and share this information with global databases (G7 communiqué
2021).
• Fully implementing and improving compliance with the IHR (2005) (G7 communiqué
2021).

4
The G7 Carbis Bay Progress Report for 2021 provides further elaboration on this matter.
5
WHO CA+ is refers to WHO convention, agreement, or other international instrument on pandemic prevention, preparedness,
and response, a draft treaty being negotiated by WHO.
A COMPENDIUM OF G7 COMMITMENTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH,
WELL-BEING, AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION, 2011–2023

(ii) One Health: The G7’s commitment to the One Health approach underscores a holistic strategy
in pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response, highlighting the integral relationship
between human, animal, and environmental health. This significant emphasis advocates for
a comprehensive approach to health and disease, addressing global health challenges through
integrated solutions (G7 communiqués 2023, 2022, and 2018).
(iii) Universal health coverage (UHC): The commitment to promote UHC is evident, with
an emphasis on the importance of achieving it by 2030. The G7 has highlighted the need
to strengthen health systems worldwide and to step up efforts in pandemic prevention,
preparedness, and response. The G7’s specific commitments on this issue include:
• Promoting UHC and taking leadership in reinforcing response to public health emergencies
and antimicrobial resistance (G7 communiqués 2023 and 2022).
(iv) Global health initiatives: The G7 has consistently supported global health initiatives and
pledged funding to strengthen health systems and promote UHC in developing countries. The
G7’s specific commitments on this issue include:
• Assisting at least 100 low- and middle-income countries in implementing the core capacities
required in the IHR for another 5 years until 2027 (G7 communiqués 2023 and 2022).
• Supporting the Seventh Replenishment of the Global Fund with the goal of ending AIDS,
tuberculosis, and malaria, while contributing to achieving UHC (G7 communiqué 2022).
• Strengthening primary health care, addressing noncommunicable diseases including
mental health, and increasing efforts to achieve comprehensive sexual and reproductive
health and rights (SRHR) for all (G7 communiqué 2022).
(v) Post-COVID-19 research and development: The G7 has recognized the critical importance of
research, particularly in understanding the long-term impacts of post-COVID-19 conditions.
The group is committed to leading research initiatives across various health domains, including
12 noncommunicable diseases, mental health conditions, and the economic aspects related to
these issues, with the goal to advance understanding and address the enduring impacts of
the pandemic on individuals and societies. Specifically, the G7 is dedicated to spearheading
research on post-COVID conditions, acknowledging their significant individual, social, and
economic repercussions (G7 communiqué 2022).
(vi) Joint External Evaluation: The G7 has emphasized its commitment to the WHO’s Joint
External Evaluation or JEE tool, pledging to support, undergo, and share its evaluations with
partners (G7 communiqué 2016). Support for this tool, which is crucial for evaluating a country’s
capacity to manage public health threats, demonstrates the G7’s dedication to transparency
and collaborative efforts in global health security.
(vii) Health systems strengthening: The G7 has highlighted overarching, system-level coordination
and alignment of global health partnerships. It emphasizes the importance of avoiding
fragmentation and duplication in global health initiatives. The G7’s specific commitments on
this issue include:
• Making health systems environmentally sustainable and climate-neutral by 2050
(G7 communiqués 2023 and 2022).
• Strengthening global pandemic readiness, enhancing collaborative surveillance,
and ensuring a rapid response based on a highly qualified public health workforce
(G7 communiqué 2021).
(viii) Health sovereignty and localized medical production: The G7 has committed to bolstering
health sovereignty globally by enhancing sustainable, local, and regional manufacturing
capacities for crucial medical products in developing countries (G7 communiqué 2022). This
notable emphasis signifies a strategic shift toward decentralizing medical production, aiming
to ensure that nations can generate essential medical supplies locally and thereby minimize
dependency on global supply chains.
 HEALTH

(ix) Mental health: The G7 has underscored the importance of accessible and effective mental
health services, reflecting a notable shift in global health discussions (G7 communiqué 2022).
Historically overshadowed by other health concerns, mental health is now emerging as a
priority, signaling a broader and growing awareness of its significance in global health agendas.
(x) Antimicrobial resistance: The G7 characterizes the rapid global surge in antimicrobial
resistance as a “silent pandemic,” underscoring its urgency and severity in 2023, 2022, 2018, and
2016. This issue compromises the effectiveness of antibiotics, rendering common infections
more difficult to treat and elevating the risk of disease spread, extended illness, and death.

3.1 Final Notes

(i) The G7 leaders in 2023 committed to working with global partners to restore access to
essential health services to above pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2025, and to strengthen
primary health care delivery, including by investing in health workers, to accelerate progress
toward UHC.
(ii) In 2016, the G7 demonstrated awareness and acknowledgment concerning health issues,
presenting fewer explicit commitments while recognizing previous efforts and commitments.
(iii) Iin 2015, the G7 strongly committed to continuing engagement in the health field with a specific
focus on strengthening health systems through bilateral programs and multilateral structures.
(iv) No health commitments were made in the G7 leaders’ communiques during 2011–2013.
(v) Since 2010, the G7 has demonstrated a steadfast commitment to achieving an HIV/AIDS-
free generation and supporting the Global Fund in the battle against AIDS, tuberculosis, and
malaria in eligible countries and regions.
(vi) The G7 has urged developing countries to amplify their efforts also in sustaining progress made 13
with G7 assistance, especially in maternal and child health, emphasizing mutual accountability
and the potential to save millions of lives (G7 communiqué 2010):
In line with the principle of mutual accountability, we expect these joint
commitments will encourage developing countries to intensify their own efforts
about maternal and child health, leading to the saving of many more millions of
lives of women, newborn and young children.
 CHAPTER 4

Well-Being
The G7 addresses the broader concept of well-being, recognizing that economic growth alone cannot
ensure a high quality of life for everyone. The G7 leaders have committed to fostering inclusive growth,
diminishing inequality, and ensuring that the advantages of globalization are distributed more fairly.
They have underscored the significance of mental health, gender equality, and social protection in
augmenting well-being.

Gender equality stands at the core of the G7’s vision for an open, inclusive, and just society. Advancing
gender equity and equality is a foundational element of the G7’s strategies to rebuild more robustly
following the COVID-19 pandemic. This stance is informed by three primary objectives: educating
girls, empowering women, and eradicating violence against women and girls (G7 communiqué 2021).

This compendium organizes the G7’s well-being commitments into distinct themes. Along with the
detailed commitments associated with each theme, they offer a clear overview of the G7’s objectives in
championing social equality. Commitments reiterated across multiple years highlight their enduring
relevance and emphasis. The G7’s key commitments across various well-being themes include:

(i) Gender equality and empowerment: The G7 underscores the need to address harmful
gender norms, stereotypes, and practices, with a strong emphasis on achieving a society where
diversity, human rights, and dignity are respected. The G7’s specific commitments on this issue
include:
• Promoting women and girls’ full empowerment (G7 communique 2023).
14 • Promoting the right to education for all, emphasizing equitable access to safe, gender-
transformative quality education (G7 communiqué 2023).
• Ending all forms of sexual and gender-based violence, including in digital contexts
(G7 communiqué 2023).
• Expanding the global access to quality childcare infrastructure (G7 communiqué 2022).
• Achieving comprehensive SRHR (G7 communiqués 2023 and 2022).
• Expanding market-driven training, especially in STEM (science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics) fields for women and girls (G7 communiqués 2018 and 2016).
(ii) Human rights: Human rights have consistently been at the forefront of well-being
commitments over the years. Initiatives in 2011 focused on food security, infrastructure, and
education in the Middle East. By 2012, the emphasis shifted to women’s rights, condemning
violence against women and promoting their roles in economic development and international
peace. The 2018 Charlevoix Commitment quality and Economic Growth highlighted gender
equality, education (especially for girls in STEM), and the eradication of poverty. By 2023,
the scope had broadened to include comprehensive SRHR for all and a focus on education
and empowerment. Throughout, the G7 has been pushing to increase its official development
assistance (ODA) for gender equality and women’s empowerment, especially in humanitarian
contexts. The G7’s specific commitments on this issue include:
• Achieving an ambitious, people-centered, planet-sensitive post-2015 development through
global partnership (G7 communiqué 2015).
• Protecting and promoting all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all people,
peaceful pluralism, and respect for diversity (G7 communiqué 2016).
• Eradicating poverty and advancing gender equality.
• Promoting comprehensive SRHR, especially in humanitarian crises.
• Promoting gender equality, ending discrimination and violence against women and girls,
and ending child, early, and forced marriage.
 WELL-BEING

(iii) Education and skill development: The G7 has highlighted the importance of an educational
environment where every child can achieve their potential. The group has called for small
class sizes, improved information and communication technology (ICT) environments, and
the effective use of digital technology in teaching. The G7’s specific commitments on this issue
include:
• Reaffirming the G7’s collective belief that 12 years of safe and quality education for
all children, and specifically girls, is one of the most cost-effective and impactful social
and economic investments governments and donors can make (G7 Declaration on Girl’s
Education 2021).
• Closing the gender gap in STEM sectors and education (G7 communiqué 2023).
• Promoting reskilling and upskilling (G7 communiqué 2023).
(iv) Labor market, labor rights, and economic growth: The G7 has committed to abolishing all
forms of forced and compulsory labor, child labor, and the promotion of decent work, aligning
with SDG 8. The G7 has acknowledged the importance of international labor standards and
human rights in global value chains. The G7’s specific commitments on this issue include:
• Promoting quality job creation, universal access to social protection, and gender equality
in the labor market (G7 communiqué 2023).
• Endorsing parenthood protection to ensure work–life balance (G7 communiqué 2023).
• Advocating decent work in line with SDG 8 and respect for international labor standards
in global value chains (G7 communiqué 2023).
(v) Health: The G7 has highlighted the importance of comprehensive SRHR, especially in the
context of humanitarian crises.
The G8 fully committed to the 2010 Muskoka Initiative, a comprehensive and integrated
approach to accelerate progress toward Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 to significantly
reduce the number of maternal, newborn, and under-5 child deaths in developing countries. To 15
this end, the G8 agreed to mobilize as $5.0 billion of additional funding for disbursement from
2010 to 2015.
(vi) Climate change: The G7 has acknowledged that climate change affects marginalized and
vulnerable populations disproportionately. There is a commitment to address these effects and
accelerate progress toward universal social protection.
(vii) Economic growth, development, and financing: The G7 has committed to increasing bilateral
ODA advancing gender equality and women’s empowerment, including $79 million support for
the Childcare Incentive Fund to improve women’s economic empowerment. The G7’s specific
commitments on this issue include:
• Charlevoix Commitment on Innovative Financing for Development to foster economic
growth in developing economies.
• Increasing the share of G7’s bilateral allocable ODA advancing gender equality and women’s
empowerment.
• Charlevoix Commitment on Equality and Economic Growth.

4.1 Points of Interest

(i) Digital equality: The G7 leaders have expressed concern about exacerbating digital equality
gaps in promoting the use of digital technology in education.
(ii) Global supply chains: The G7 has emphasized the importance of eradicating all forms of
forced labor from global supply chains and discussed the potential for a consensus-based
legally binding instrument at the international level.
(iii) COVID-19 impact: The G7 has acknowledged the significance of education, especially in the
aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the need for resilient education systems.
(iv) Climate change: At the Lough Erne Summit in 2013, the G7 already accepted that “Climate
change is one of the foremost challenges for our future economic growth and well-being.”
 CHAPTER 5

Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition

The G7 is firmly committed to SDG 2 (zero hunger) adopted in 2015, emphasizing the importance of
agriculture, food, and nutrition. The G7 leaders are dedicated to promoting sustainable agricultural
practices, enhancing food security, and combating all forms of malnutrition. Food security has been
the cornerstone of the G8’s development concern since the L’Aquila Summit in 2009 (Deauville
Accountability Report 2011). In that summit, the G9 launched the L’Aquila Food Security Initiative,
which represents a shared commitment to act with the scale and urgency needed to help low-income
and poor countries reverse the growing vulnerability of food and agricultural systems and achieve the
international targets of that time—the Millennium Development Goals—to halve hunger and poverty
(Camp David Accountability Report 2012). While global in scope, much of the L’Aquila effort was
focused on supporting African countries in their efforts to strengthen smallholder farmer capacity and
build food systems that are more resilient to shocks.

The G7 has been a pivotal force in enhancing global food security and nutrition.6 The group’s
commitments and actions in the areas of agriculture, food, and nutrition are dynamic and impactful,
reflecting its dedication to addressing both immediate and systemic global challenges. The G7’s
continued efforts, particularly in response to global crises, highlight the critical role of international
collaboration in addressing the complexities of global food security and nutrition. In this context,
notable commitments include:

(i) Commitment to global food security—enhancing access, nutrition, and sustainability for
all (G7 communiqué 2023):
16 We share the view that it is essential to focus on each human and enable stable
access to affordable, safe, sufficient and nutritious food for each and every
individual. In our pursuit to ensure that all people can progressively realize their
right to adequate food, we affirm the need to protect and assist members of the
most vulnerable populations, including women and children, in all aspects of
food security from short-term food crisis responses through medium to long-
term efforts to make food systems sustainable. Nutrition is also fundamental from
the viewpoint of a human centered approach, and we highlight the importance
of improving access to healthy diets, including through school meal programs.
We recognize the urgent need of establishing inclusive, resilient and sustainable
agriculture and food systems including through enhancing, diversifying and
ensuring sustainability of local, regional and global food supply chains as well as
through solving structural bottlenecks.
(ii) Lifting people out of hunger and malnutrition: This commitment emphasizes the importance
of lifting people out of hunger and malnutrition and stresses the G7’s role in this endeavor. The
G7’s specific commitments on this issue include:
• At the Elmau Summit in 2022, the G7 agreed to establish the Global Alliance for Food
Security, supported by the World Bank Group, as a targeted response to the crises of food
insecurity and malnutrition exacerbated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, focusing
on protecting the most vulnerable populations, including refugees. Additionally, the G7
contributed an additional $4.5 billion to shield the most vulnerable from hunger and

6
A 2022 blog post by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) estimates that donors must spend an additional
$14 billion a year on average to end hunger sustainably by 2030. (Details are available at https://www.ifpri.org/blog/can
-g7-be-force-good-current-global-hunger-crisis.) In 2022, the G7 contributed an additional $4.5 billion to protect the most
vulnerable from hunger and malnutrition, amounting to a joint commitment of over $14 billion for global food security
in 2022.
 AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION

malnutrition, bringing their total commitment to over $14 billion for global food security
in 2022 (G7 communiqué 2023; Hiroshima Progress Report 2023).
• Lifting “500 million people in developing countries out of hunger and malnutrition by
2030” (G7 communiqués 2021, 2017, 2016, and 2015).
To realize this, the G7 implemented a “Broader Food Security and Nutrition
Development Approach” as detailed in the Annex to the 2015 G7 Leaders’ Declaration and
committed to annual reporting on progress. The G7 Food Security Working Group, which
serves as the custodian of this commitment, produces an annual financial report until at
least 2030, tracking progress against agreed indicators on food security and nutrition.
Building on this commitment, the G7 leaders pledged to support dynamic rural
transformations, promote responsible investments, and foster multisectoral nutrition
approaches, aiming to ensure food security and nutrition, especially in conflicts and crises.
At the Taormina Summit in 2017, they further committed to enhancing support for food
security, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa through various
measures, including increased ODA. This ongoing commitment, involving global partners
and stakeholders, reflects a deep dedication to addressing worldwide food security
challenges and improving the welfare of vulnerable populations.
• Welcoming the Global Nutrition for Growth Compact, committing to under-nutrition
reduction targets for 2020 and supporting the Scaling Up Nutrition Movement
(G7 communiqué 2013).
• Launching the New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition, aiming to lift 50 million
people out of poverty over the next decade by investing in country-led plans, mobilizing
private capital, and spurring innovation. (G7 communiqué 2012)

The G7’s investment in global food security, nutrition, and agriculture is available in Table 3. 17

5.1 Recent Developments and Future Directions

The G7 leaders have consistently pledged to enhance global food security and nutrition, as evidenced
at the Elmau Summits in 2015 and 2022, the Taormina Summit in 2017, and their support for refugees at
the Ise-Shima Summit in 2016. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 prompted the G7 to significantly
prioritize global food and energy security, leading to increased financial commitments. The urgency
intensified in 2023 with the ongoing conflict, particularly affecting refugees. In response to the crisis,
the G7 and additional countries articulated strong concerns about worsened food security in the 2022
Resilient Democracies Statement, committing to prevent famine and ensure resilient energy supply
chains. As mentioned earlier, the G7 also affirmed efforts to bolster global food and nutrition security
and to protect the most vulnerable people, launching the Global Alliance for Food Security with the
World Bank as a coordinated response (Hiroshima Progress Report 2023). The G7’s recent commitments
on this issue include:

• Strengthening the G20 Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS) and providing over
$21 billion to address worsening humanitarian crises, including in response to urgent food
crisis (G7 communiqué 2023).
• Ensuring that the G7’s response to the current challenges also strengthens the long-term
resilience and sustainability of agriculture and food systems (G7 Statement on Global Food
Security 2022).
• Stressing that the group has exceeded its joint commitment of $14 billion to global food
security, announced at the 2022 G7 Elmau Summit, and continuing to provide aid in the food
and nutrition sectors to vulnerable countries and regions affected by the current food security
crisis, particularly in Africa and the Middle East (G7 communiqué 2023).
A COMPENDIUM OF G7 COMMITMENTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH,
WELL-BEING, AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION, 2011–2023

5.2 Final Notes

(i) Shifts in focus and commitments: The scope of the G7’s commitments on agriculture and
food expanded significantly in 2021, reflecting the widespread impact of the pandemic on food
insecurity. While agriculture and food-related issues primarily concentrated in Africa until
2017,7 the response to the pandemic prompted a global expansion of these efforts, demonstrating
the G7’s capacity to respond to evolving global needs.
(ii) Addressing global challenges and stability: Food security and nutrition are intricately
linked to global stability, as disruptions can lead to social unrest and economic downturns.
The G7 has consistently conveyed to developing countries its commitment to fulfilling pledges
through bilateral and multilateral means. However, developing nations are also encouraged to
define their own commitments and prioritize their development agendas, acknowledging that
international assistance alone cannot meet all development priorities (G7 communiqué 2012).

Table 3: Overview of G7 Aid in Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition

Details Source
The G7 contributed an additional $4.5 billion to protect the most vulnerable G7 Hiroshima Progress Report 2023
from hunger and malnutrition, amounting to a joint commitment of over
$14 billion for global food security in 2022.
Direct assistance from G7 countries for agriculture, fishing, food security, Financial report on food security
and nutrition rose considerably from $8.8 billion in 2015 to $10.5 billion in and nutrition 2022
2020. Around 43.7% of these resources are directed toward sub-Saharan
18 African countries.
Overall, contributions increased in 2020 as compared to 2019. While
direct assistance decreased by around $200 million, other assistance
with explicit food and nutrition security objectives has increased by about
$400 million to $2.7 billion in 2020. At the 2022 summit, G7 members
committed an additional $4.5 billion to protect the most vulnerable from
hunger and malnutrition.
The G7 Food Security Working Group was able to shape important parts
of the G7 food security results. Germany, supported by the World Bank,
set up the Global Alliance for Food Security (GAFS), which was launched
together with the G7 as a coordinated and solidary response to the global
food crisis, reaffirming the Elmau 2015 goal to lift 500 million people out of
hunger and malnutrition by 2030.
Direct assistance from G7 countries for agriculture, fishing, food security, Financial report on food security
and nutrition rose from $8.8 billion in 2015 to $10.7 billion in 2019, and the and nutrition 2021
proportion directed toward sub-Saharan African countries jumped from less
than half to over 70% ($7.4 billion).
Direct assistance from G7 countries for agriculture, fishing, food security, Financial report on food security
and nutrition rose from $8.8 billion in 2015 to $11.2 billion in 2017, almost and nutrition 2019
half of which (49.9%) was directed toward sub-Saharan African countries
($5.6 billion).
The G7 disbursed $10.8 billion as direct assistance in support of global food Financial report on food security
security and nutrition in 2016 and $5.2 billion for agricultural development. and nutrition 2018
Source: Authors.

7
The G7’s emphasis on addressing agriculture and food-related issues in Africa is primarily due to the region’s significant
needs in these areas. For a visual comprehension, the FAO’s Hunger Map provides insightful details. It can be accessed at
https://www.fao.org/interactive/state-of-food-security-nutrition/2-1-1/en/, last accessed on April 30, 2024.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
We assessed various resources assessed to track the commitments made by the G7 leaders from 2011 to
2023. The information is gathered predominantly from official G7 summit websites and complemented
by the G7 Information Center, University of Toronto.

Primary Sources: Official G7 Summit Websites

The official websites of the respective G7 summits serve as the primary source of information,
providing the most direct and comprehensive view of the commitments, discussions, and outcomes of
each summit:

• G7 Summit in Japan in 2023: https://www.g7hiroshima.go.jp/en/

• G7 Summit in Germany in 2022: https://www.g7germany.de/g7-en
• G7 Summit in UK in 2021: https://www.gov.uk/government/topical-events/g7-uk-2021
• G7 Summit in France in 2019: https://www.elysee.fr/en/g7
• G7 Summit in Canada in 2018: https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international
_relations-relations_internationales/g7/index.aspx?lang=eng
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• G7 Summit in Japan in 2016: https://www.japan.go.jp/tomodachi/2016/newyear2016/japan
_to_host_g7_summit_in_2016.html
• G7 Summit in Germany in 2015: https://www.g7germany.de/g7-en
• G7 Summit in Belgium in 2014: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/international
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• G7 Summit in the UK in 2013: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/g8-summit-2013
• G7 Summit in the US in 2012: https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/ecosum/2012g8/index.htm 19
• G7 Summit in France in 2011: Data not found

Secondary Source: G7 Information Center, University of Toronto

In cases where the official communiqués from the G7 summits were not available on the respective
websites, they were accessed via the G7 Information Center hosted by the University of Toronto
(https://www.g7.utoronto.ca/) or Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy
/economy/summit/index.html). The Information Center provides comprehensive data and analysis on
the G7 meetings, including official documents, analysis, and scholarship.

We obtained other documents referenced in this document from the following sources:

• G7 Hiroshima Progress Report 2023: https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/100506842.pdf

• G7 Clean Energy Economy Action Plan 2023. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room
/statements-releases/2023/05/20/g7-clean-energy-economy-action-plan/
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.gov/ briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/05/20/hiroshima-action-statement-for
-resilient-global-food-security/
• Elmau Progress Report 2022: https://www.effectivecooperation.org/G7ElmauProgressReport
• G7 Food Security Working Group Financial Report on Food Security and Nutrition 2022:
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5e64/2022-12-23-g7-fswg-financial-report-data.pdf?download=1
• G7 Ocean Deal Progress Report 2022. https://www.g7germany.de/resource/blob/997532
/2155408/e4006b808cdf3fbb00f1120637fa989c/2022-12-22-g7-ocean-deal-data.pdf
?download=1
A COMPENDIUM OF G7 COMMITMENTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH,
WELL-BEING, AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION, 2011–2023

• Terms of Reference for the Climate Club 2022. https://www.g7germany.de/resource

/ blob/974430/2153140/a04dde2adecf0ddd38cb9829a99c322d/2022-12-12-g7-erklaerung
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• G7 Pact for Pandemic Readiness 2022. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/g7-pact-pandemic
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• G7 Statement on Global Food Security 2022. https://www.g7germany.de/resource
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29bd3bf7f4360c7b37e/G7_Carbis_Bay_Report.pdf
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• G7 Food Security Working Group Financial Report on Food Security and Nutrition 2019:
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• G7 Charlevoix Progress Report 2018: https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde
/international_relations-relations_internationales/g7/documents/2018-12-18-charlevoix
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20 • G7 Food Security Working Group Financial Report on Food Security and Nutrition 2018:
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/approfondimenti/2017/10/g7-taormina-progress-report-2/
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/lough-erne-accountability-report
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Report_20062010.pdf

The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) has produced a brief and candid analysis of
the G7’s commitments on food and agriculture. It also discussed if those commitments have been met,
especially in terms of providing fund and aid. Details are available at https://www.ifpri.org/blog/can
-g7-be-force-good-current-global-hunger-crisis (accessed 26 August 2023).
APPENDIXES

Appendix 1: Terms of Reference for the Climate Club, 2022

The Climate Club, established to bolster efforts to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C, operates
under a mandate to expedite the green transition of industries, particularly those hard to decarbonize.
This initiative aligns with the Paris Agreement’s goals by encouraging the implementation of ambitious
climate change mitigation policies and supporting the global aspiration for net zero greenhouse gas
emissions by mid-century. Its operations focus on three thematic pillars designed to enhance climate
action through comprehensive international collaboration.

Pillar 1: Advancing Climate Change Mitigation Policies

This pillar promotes sharing best practices and conducting comparative analyses of mitigation
policies. The Climate Club utilizes findings from prominent organizations such as the Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development and the International Monetary Fund to align member
countries’ greenhouse gas mitigation instruments with net zero pathways. It emphasizes the need
for policies that mitigate risks like carbon leakage and supports increased climate ambition through
practical actions.

Pillar 2: Transforming Industries

The Climate Club aims to set the stage for substantial decarbonization in sectors like steel and cement
by fostering alignment in methodologies, standards, and strategies. It coordinates with various
21
international and sector-specific agendas to advance green industrial products and to establish markets
that prioritize near zero emission materials. This effort includes discussing common definitions and
accounting standards for these materials and the role of hydrogen in future industry processes.

Pillar 3: Boosting International Cooperation and Partnerships

This pillar focuses on enhancing multi- and bilateral cooperation to improve the conditions necessary
for industry decarbonization, particularly in developing countries. The Climate Club serves as a
platform for matchmaking and synergizing efforts between members and external stakeholders, aiming
to mobilize private sector financing and support developing countries through capacity building and
technology transfer.

Participation and Governance

The Climate Club is inclusive, open to any climate-ambitious country committed to achieving the
objectives of the Paris Agreement. It proposes a flexible participation structure, allowing subsets of
members to engage in specific activities. Governance is envisioned to be agile and efficient, with a
secretariat supported by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the
International Energy Agency to facilitate activities and ensure alignment with other international
efforts.
A COMPENDIUM OF G7 COMMITMENTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH,
WELL-BEING, AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION, 2011–2023

Appendix 2: G7 Pact for Pandemic Readiness, 2022

The G7 Pact for Pandemic Readiness is a strategic initiative aimed at enhancing global readiness for
pandemics through collaborative surveillance and a predictable rapid response framework. It builds
upon previous efforts of the Group of Seven (G7) to strengthen global pandemic preparedness and
emphasizes a coordinated approach to avoid overlaps and duplication in initiatives. It aims to provide
a clear leadership example for enhancing pandemic readiness but does not create legal obligations.
It has the following key pillars:

• Collaborative surveillance: Strengthening global networks for pandemic surveillance and

response. This involves supporting the implementation of International Health Regulations
(IHR) core capacities and developing a network of geographically diverse centers of excellence.
• Predictable rapid response: Establishing a systematic, swift, and coordinated global response
to health threats. This includes maintaining professional readiness groups that are integrated
into routine surveillance and linked to local public health resources.

This pact has the following attributes:

1. Global network approach

• Enhancing a global network for pandemic readiness with regional and national nodes across
the globe, supported by technical, financial, or political backing.
• Promoting a political environment of trust to ensure early reporting of epidemiological events
without the fear of economic and social repercussions.
22
2. Integration and support
• Strengthening the capabilities for interdisciplinary and cross-sector surveillance that aligns
with a One Health approach, crucial for universal health coverage.
• Supporting the World Health Organization and other international bodies in enhancing rapid
response capabilities and improving global outbreak alert systems.

3. Research and development (R&D)

• Encouraging the rapid development and deployment of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines
through preplanned R&D, regulatory facilitation, and manufacturing expansion, particularly
in low- and middle-income countries.

Therefore, the G7 Pact for Pandemic Readiness represents a commitment to leveraging and optimizing
global resources and expertise to prepare for and respond to future pandemics more effectively,
promoting a healthier and more secure global community.
 APPENDIXES

Appendix 3: G7 Roadmap for a Gender-Responsive

Economic Environment, 2017

In the G7 Roadmap for a Gender-Responsive Economic Environment, the Group of Seven (G7) commits
the following to promote gender equity and women empowerment:

• Recommend that G7 countries take action to increase the representation of women in all levels
of decision-making in political, economic, and public life by 2022.
• Consider adopting concrete sustainable measures by 2022 to promote and facilitate women
entrepreneurs’ increased access to credit and equity through different means, such as, where
appropriate, guarantee funds and incentives, as well as secured transaction reform, especially
in the start-up stage.
• Invest in awareness campaigns aimed at informing women about existing resources, networks,
and other measures for the promotion of female entrepreneurship set up by governments and
other public and private stakeholders and at presenting role models for women entrepreneurs
by 2020.
• Take sustainable measures at the appropriate level to provide training, mentoring, and
networking opportunities that specifically address the capacity-building needs of women
entrepreneurs by 2020.
• Remain committed to reducing the gap in labor force participation rates between women
and men by 25% by 2025 through boosting female participation, improving the quality of
employment and enhancing gender equity. Recognize the negative impact of women’s lower
labor market participation on earnings, pension gaps, and retirement savings, as well as on 23
their economic independence.
• Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work and its estimated contribution to the
economy.
• Invest in social infrastructure to support households’ care for children and other dependents.
• Invest in health, well-being, and nutrition to promote women’s and girls’ full economic
empowerment and crucial role as agents for change.
• Develop a new gender-sensitive and multidimensional analysis of poverty and mainstream
gender equality in the development of anti-poverty strategies and all other economic, social,
and environmental policies.
• Develop comprehensive work–life balance and equal pay policies and measures.
• Consider adopting measures that support an increased uptake by fathers of parental leave, by
2025.
• Promote participation by girls and women in science, technology, engineering, mathematics,
and medicine (STEMM).
• Promote and enforce appropriate measures to end violence against women and girls in public
and private spheres.
• Promote curriculum training on gender equality for educational and school staff and students
on both gender norms and stereotypes, as well as on preventing violence against women and
girls in schools at all levels and higher education by 2022.
• Consider reviewing, introducing, and/or strengthening legislation and its implementation
to help ensure the effective prosecution of perpetrators of violence against women and take
into consideration the possibility to carry out rehabilitation and treatment programs for such
perpetrators by 2022.
A COMPENDIUM OF G7 COMMITMENTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH,
WELL-BEING, AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION, 2011–2023

Appendix 4: Hiroshima Action Statement for Resilient

Global Food Security, 2023

The Hiroshima Action Statement for Resilient Global Food Security outlines a comprehensive plan
devised by leaders from various nations, including Japan, Australia, Brazil, and members of the European
Union, to address the escalating global food security crisis and promote sustainable agriculture. The
following are major points addressed in the document:

1. Immediate response to food security crisis

• Addressing the exacerbation of the food security crisis by multiple factors including coronavirus
disease (COVID-19), climate change, and conflicts such as Russia’s war in Ukraine.
• Actions include supporting humanitarian assistance in crisis regions, increasing funding for
emergency food assistance, and advocating for the continuation of grain exports from conflict
areas like Ukraine and Russia.

2. Stabilizing food trade

• Promoting rules-based, transparent international trade in food and agricultural products to
stabilize markets, reduce scarcity risks, and mitigate price volatility.

3. Future preparedness and crisis prevention

• Enhancing market transparency and the availability of accurate information to minimize food
security crises.
24 • Developing shared understandings of crisis-time actions through international cooperation
and dialogue.

4. Building resilient food systems

• Supporting sustainable and efficient local, regional, and international food production aligned
with the rules of the World Trade Organization.
• Encouraging the development of food security crisis preparedness plans and enhancing the
robustness of food supply chains.

5. Long-term food security and nutritional goals

• Committing to resilient global food security and nutrition as a shared goal, emphasizing
the importance of climate change adaptation, biodiversity conservation, and malnutrition
reduction.
• Promoting gender-responsive approaches and recognizing the unique impacts of food
insecurity on vulnerable populations such as women and girls.
 APPENDIXES

Appendix 5: G7 Statement on Global Food Security, 2022

The G7 Statement on Global Food Security outlines the collective actions and commitments of the
Group of Seven (G7) nations in response to the escalating global food security crisis. This statement
underscores the urgency to increase global food and nutrition security and protect the most vulnerable
populations affected by multiple crises, including conflicts, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
pandemic, climate change, and economic uncertainties.

The following are the major points highlighted in the document:

1. Acknowledgment of the crisis: The document notes the severe impact of Russia’s war in Ukraine,
particularly its blockade of Ukrainian grain exports, which has exacerbated global food insecurity.
The G7 acknowledges that this situation has driven food and fertilizer prices to unprecedented
levels and holds Russia largely responsible.
2. Global Alliance for Food Security: The G7 emphasizes a collaborative global response to address
the food crisis through the Global Alliance for Food Security, working in conjunction with the World
Bank. This alliance aims to transform political commitments into concrete actions, supported by
various international initiatives.
3. Financial commitment: The G7 commits an additional $4.5 billion to protect vulnerable populations
from hunger and malnutrition, totaling over $14 billion in commitments for the year.
4. Urgent actions and calls: The statement includes urgent calls for Russia to end its blockade
of Ukrainian ports and for the continuation of alternative routes such as the European Union’s
Solidarity Lanes. It also advocates for continued international trade in food and agricultural
25
products, including from Russia, to prevent further deterioration of the food security situation.
5. Long-term strategies: The G7 commits to sustainable increases in agricultural productivity,
particularly in affected countries, to build resilience and support domestic production. This
includes addressing fertilizer shortages and promoting alternatives to inorganic fertilizers.
6. Trade measures and market stability: The G7 calls on all countries to avoid excessive stockpiling
and unjustified restrictive trade measures that increase market volatility and risk food insecurity.
They support keeping food and agricultural markets open and fighting speculative behaviors that
endanger food security.
7. Support for multilateral efforts: The G7 pledges robust support for the G20 Agricultural Market
Information System (AMIS) and various multilateral organizations, including the World Food
Programme, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the International
Fund for Agricultural Development, as well as continuing support for the objectives of the United
Nations Food Systems Summit.
A COMPENDIUM OF G7 COMMITMENTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE, HEALTH,
WELL-BEING, AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NUTRITION, 2011–2023

Appendix 6: Ocean Deal Progress Report, 2022

The Ocean Deal: Progress Report discusses several aspects related to food, fish, and nutrition,
particularly in the context of sustainable fisheries and food security. The following are the key points
mentioned in the document concerning these areas:

1. Ending illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing: The report emphasizes the Group of
Seven (G7) commitment to ending such fishing practices through strengthened international and
multilateral cooperation. This includes promoting global ratification and implementation of the
Agreement on Port State Measures of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
(FAO), which is crucial for managing and regulating fishing activities.
2. Fisheries management and sustainable practices: The G7 members participated in the 35th
Session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) and reaffirmed their commitment to sustainable
fisheries management. They welcomed the proposal to establish a Sub-Committee on Fisheries
Management and endorsed the Voluntary Guidelines for Transshipment, a new instrument within
the framework of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. This is aimed at increasing
traceability, transparency, and compliance in fisheries management to promote sustainable
practices.
3. Support for marine protected areas: The G7 supports the commitment by the Commission for the
Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources to establish a representative system of marine
protected areas in the waters around Antarctica. This includes areas in East Antarctica, the Weddell
Sea, and the Antarctic Peninsula region, which are significant for both biodiversity conservation
and sustainable fish stocks management.
26
4. Nutrition and food security: While the report primarily focuses on marine and oceanic
sustainability, the establishment of sustainable fisheries and the management of marine resources
indirectly contribute to global food security and nutrition by ensuring the availability of fish as a
critical source of protein and nutrients for many populations worldwide.

For a further summary of national and international commitments, see: https://drive.google.com/

file/d/1IH6uL-U62g6TcULXn_kIfaD_uRecVkjW/view?usp=drive_link