SIMULTANEOUS
The active development of economic, political and cultural relations between
different countries, as well as the scale of international cooperation in the field
of education, science and art, make translation work one of the most demanding
types of activity, and at the same time increase the demand for translation
services. As a result of the globalization era, information technology and the
activation of international relations, the demand for professional translators is
increasing, so there are problems in determining the professional standard of
simultaneous translation quality assessment methodology. In this scientific
work, compression and decompression methods used in simultaneous translation
of oral speech are considered. The complexity of this type of translation is that it
is often done without prior preparation and the translator does not rely on the
original text. Therefore, for the most successful implementation of this type of
activity, the translator must have certain skills and abilities. One of these skills is
speech compression.
One of the professional characteristics of simultaneous interpreters is the ability
to predict the logic of the development of the speaker's speech before he finishes
his sentence. Such a "super ability" is achieved after many hours of training: the
stronger the translator's skills, the more easily he overcomes the difficulties
encountered in the translation process, and the easier it is to "place" the speaker's
supposed thought in a difficult situation. Most simultaneous translation
researchers understand the strategy as a skill or specific skills required of a
conference interpreter in message processing when translating from the source
language to the target language. They say, a gap of up to ten seconds is not long
enough to make the listener uncomfortable with the lack of translation. At this
time, this interval is considered sufficient for the listener to get a deeper
understanding of the translated sentence. Conversely, if the translation is fast, it
may well lead to errors. Thus, the waiting strategy is used in the following
situations, when the speaker is clarifying a difficult concept. In translation, the
pause should be long enough for the translator to grasp the meaning of a difficult
concept, and long enough not to make the listener uncomfortable with the
absence of a translation. The cycle of simultaneous interpreter activity is a
limited set of translation actions limited by the continuity of the participants of
communicative actions and the thematic scope of communication. For example,
at some international conference, a separate cycle is formed with the work of a
simultaneous interpreter. If the topic of the translated speeches is relatively
familiar, the process will be easier. The activity cycle of a simultaneous
interpreter consists of activity sessions.
Simultaneous translation work is the pinnacle of interpreting work. Therefore,
the training of simultaneous interpreters is very high. They will need to have the
following skills:
1. Being able to speak a foreign language and own language freely;
2. Grammatically and phonetically well-pronounced speech;
3. Deep vocabulary in both languages;
4. Good knowledge of stable constructions and clichés fund and ability to
quickly find them;
5. Being able to translate grammatically correctly both into own language and
into a foreign language;
6. Speed of reaction;
7. Good working memory;
8. Ability to concentrate;
9. Mental and physical endurance;
10. Ability to work as a group;
11. Encyclopedic knowledge is required from a simultaneous interpreter. The
motto of the simultaneous interpretation activity is "only success, no error" and
there is no organization that controls the mistakes and misunderstandings that
are made during the conference. Usually, after the end of the conference, the
organizing organization, the chairman of the meeting, experts, delegations all
express their gratitude for the work of the simultaneous interpreter. If the
translator's work is done very well, they applaud and praise, and some invite to
cooperate with them next time. If the simultaneous interpretation is performed
very poorly, then in the conference hall it will be possible to observe various
reactions, that is, awkward situations such as the audience stomping their feet,
coughing, sitting while talking.
In a communicative situation, it is possible to distinguish a set of elements or
factors that are manifested in answering the following questions in simultaneous
translation: 1) who? 2) with what? 3) in which subject? 4) in front of whom? 5)
to whom? 6) where? 7) when? 8) for what purpose? 9) why? And indeed, it is
necessary for a simultaneous interpreter to know the answers to these questions
in order to successfully perform simultaneous translation, because any
simultaneous translation is situational.
The professional characteristics of simultaneous interpreters is the ability to
predict the development logic of the speaker's speech before he finishes his
sentence. Such a "super ability" is achieved after many hours of training: the
stronger the translator's skills, the more easily he overcomes the difficulties
encountered in the translation process, and the easier it is to "place" the speaker's
supposed thought in a difficult situation.
