International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 7 Issue 4, July-Aug 2024

Available at www.ijsred.com
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

5G Wireless Communication: Simulation and Analysis of

Microstrip Patch Antenna
Prakash Yelaki*, Mounica Komaravalli*, Vaishnavi Tadiparthi*, Abhinaya Valemoni*,
Sreehitha Botta*
*Department of Electronics and Communication,
G. Narayanamma Institute of Technology and Science, Shaikpet, Hyderabad
Email: [email protected]

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Abstract:
The growing demand for optimized modes of communication arises from comparisons between the
currently prevalent 4G devices and the revolutionary5G communication models with their impactful
features. This makes it essential to develop better communication equipment for 5G technology to evolve
further. Microstrip Patch Antennas serve as invaluable tools for facilitating 5G communication across
diverse applications and devices. This study focused on investigating and modeling a microstrip patch
antenna with an operating frequency of 28 GHz. Ansys HFSS Software was utilized for the antenna
simulation due to its versatile and comprehensive capabilities. The proposed antenna uses the substrate
Rogers/RT Duroid 5880, whose dielectric constant of 2.2 ensures uniform electrical properties across
various external conditions. The simulated antenna resulted in a return loss of -28.5413 dB, a VSWR of
1.24, a band- width of 5.4 GHz, and a gain of 5.7317 dBi. The high return loss, substantial antenna gain,
and a near-ideal VSWR, among other features, suggest that this antenna’s specifications cater to the
requirements of 5G communication systems. Beyond the scope of antenna fabrication and testing, the
proposed antenna parameters align well with previous research findings at similar operating frequencies.

Keywords —5G Communication, Microstrip Patch Antenna, HFSS

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introduction of transceiver technology, many
I. INTRODUCTION antennas are now capable of seamlessly performing
both tasks.
ThefirstantennawasbuiltbyHeinrichHertzin1 Based on their applications, antennas can be
888,whichmarkedapivotalmoment in the history of classified into several types. The Bi-
communication technology. In a physical sense, conicalDipole,Left-
communication systems can be classified as wired handedDipole,FoldedDipole,λ/2FoldedDipole,Half-
or wireless, with wired systems using coaxial, waveDi- pole,andL-
twisted pair, fibreoptic cables, and loopsareexamplesofWireAntennas.CornerReflector
wirelesssystemsusing electromagnetic wavessuch andParabolicAntennas are types of Reflector
asmicrowavesorradiowaves.Inordertoestablishandm Antennas. Log Periodic Antennas include Bow-tie,
aintainadependableradioconnection, antennas are Log Periodic Dipole arrays, and Log Periodic
essential. They function as transducers, converting Fractal Koch antennas. Aperture Antennas
transmitter volt- age into radio signals. They also includeVivaldi,Horn,andInverted-
isolate radio signals from the atmosphere and trans- FAntennas.PrintedSlot,Dipole,Patch,andTraveling
form them into receivable voltage. With the Wave make up Microstrip Antenna types.

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 7 Issue 4, July-Aug 2024
Available at www.ijsred.com
A relatively modern invention, the corporate feeding, the proposed eight-
microstrip antenna integrates an antenna with a elementmicrostrip patch array provides a feasible
communicationsystem'sdrivingcircuitryonasinglepri alternative for future 5G applications.
ntedcircuitboardor semiconductor chip. There has The article [3] portrays the development as
been a preference for microstrip patch antennas well as testing of a microstrip antenna working in
owing the 24.5–50 GHz frequency range, specifically for
totheirsmallerdimensions,simplicityinmanufacturin 5G concentrations. The HFSS program was used to
gandcompliance,compactvolume, cheap cost, and do a thorough study and simulation of this design.
lightweightand compactprofile. Research [1] Reso- nance is seen at three frequencies (34.2 GHz,
revealed thatboth FIT (Finite Integration Technique) 31 GHz, and 38.4 GHz) using the employable
and FEM (Finite Element Method) are suitable for slotting methods. Appropriate gain and return loss,
microstripantennaanalysis,withFITperformingbetter and a VSWR lower than two characterize these
forallshapes,whileFEMwas reliable for microstrip frequencies. This technique might provide high-
rectangular patch antennas. speed wireless communication and internet access.
The interactionof anantennawith In thework[4], avariety of microstrip
electromagnetic fieldsishighly antennadesignswereinvestigated,andtheir
complex,necessitating theuseof a variety performance was evaluated using key performance
ofparameters(bandwidth, polarization, gain,etc.) to indicators such as gain, resonant frequency,
characterize it. Communication systems use bandwidth, VSWR, and return loss. CST
antennas primarily for signal processing, and Microwave Studio Software was utilised to develop
effective antenna design can increase and analyse a range of electrical devices.
communication range, optimize signal quality, and Aminiaturemicrostripantennadesignedfor5G
enhance the system’s overall performance. technologyisstudied[5]toachieve
Withintheframeworkofcommunicationsyste highgain,withafrequencyofresonanceof28.08GHz.T
ms,theuseof5Gtechnologyhasbeen hisresearchfoundthereturn lossandbandwidthtobe-
beneficialinpromotingresearchanddevelopinginnova 38.348dBand3.464GHzrespectively.Usingdifferentt
tive5G-dependentdevices.The 5G communication ypes
network, known for its high speed, lower latency, ofpatchesmakesfurtherenhancementpossible.Thesim
network slicing framework, and enhanced ulatedresultsestablishthatthe suggested antenna
connectivity, facilitates effective task execution. mightbevaluable for wirelesssystems for
Thus, the integration of microstrip antennas with communication and that its fabrication could help
5G communication models could cater to a plethora compare the simulated results with the actual results.
of applications.
III. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A microstrip patch antenna is commonly used for
In the paper [2], many rectangular transmitting electromagnetic waves in wireless
microstrip antenna designs are discussed. When it communication systems. A ground plane, a
comesto 5G communications,allofthese substrate, a patch, and a feed line make up the four
antennasfunctionatthe standard frequency of 28 primary components. The antenna utilizes different
GHz. An array layout that uses a corporate feeding shapes such as ellipse, ring, rectangular, and
network improves the precision of impedance triangular, featuring a dielectric layer on one
matching as well. Gain, radiation pattern, surface and a ground plane on another. Due to their
impedance bandwidth, return loss characteristics, versatility and reliability, these antennas
and other performance parameters are all improved areemployedinseveralfieldslikeautomation,GPS,tele
by this arrangement. Both directivity and overall medicine,andcommunication. This study deals with
performance are improved. With its improved designing a rectangular patch microstrip antenna, as

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-–
Development Volume 7 Issue 4, July-Aug 2024
Available at www.ijsred.com
in figure 1, with an inset feed line suitable for 5G
communication systems.

Fig. 2Simulated
Simulated version of designed Antenna
Fig. 1Microstrip
Microstrip Antenna Structure (Top View)
Thiscarefulprocessresultsinanantennathatsati
sresultsinanantennathatsati
sfiestherequiredstandardsbyachieving the optimal
The rectangular patch antenna employed the balance of size, performance, and efficiency. Table
Ansys HFSS Software for the process of simulation. 1 represents the corrected and fine fine-tuned sizing
Materials selected for the design of the antenna are details of the antenna design.
exceptional in
termsofconsistencyandperformance.Rogers/RTDuro
dperformance.Rogers/RTDuro TABLE I
id5880,thesubstratematerial, hasglassmicrofiber-
hasglassmicrofiber OPTIMISED DIMENSIONS OF ANTENNA
reinforcedPTFEcomposites,whichhelptomaintainac Parameter Dimensions (mm)
onsistent dielectric constant. Under various Ground Plane Length (Lg) 9.81
operating situations, this homogeneity guarantees Ground Plane Width (Wg) 15.7
Patch Length (Lp) 3.437
steady performance. The antenna's performance
perform is Patch Width (Wp) 4.223
precise and predictable due to its tight tolerance, Height of Substrate (Hs) 1.576
which is provided by its dielectric constantof 2.2. Feedline Width (Wf) 1.41
Furthermore, effective radiationand coupling Feedline Inspection (Fi) 0.31
Patch-Feedline Gap (g) 0.78
aresupportedbythesubstrate's1.575mmheight.
Through an iterative process of computation and
trial andd error, the parameters were optimized by IV. RESULTS
utilizing mathematical formulas to obtain the ideal
dimensions for the antenna as illustrated in the Return loss is the loss of transmitted power due
figure 2. to reflections in a fiber optic path or any other
transmission line due to unmatched impedance
orterminations. High values
ofreturnlossarepreferable,astheyindicate
ofreturnlossarepreferable,astheyindicateefficientsig
naltransmissionandreception and thus improve the
performance of an antenna system and increase the
system throughput. At 28.0900 GHz, the return loss
is -28.5413 dB.
Bandwidthisdefinedasthescopeoffrequenciesthean
tennafunctionssuccessfully
inwhilemeetingspecificperformancecriteria.For5Ga
lemeetingspecificperformancecriteria.For5Ga

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 7 Issue 4, July-Aug 2024
Available at www.ijsred.com
pplications,achievingadequate bandwidth is critical
to supporting the transfer of massive volumes of
data across the
wirelesschannel.Between25.62GHzand31.02GHZ,t
hebandwidthcomesoutat5.4 GHz, and is marked in
the figure 3, which is the return loss vs frequency
plot.

Fig. 4 Antenna Gain

Theradiationpatternprovidesathoroughunderstandin
goftheelectromagneticenergy
distribution,includingdirectionalityandamplitude,acr
Fig. 3 Return Loss, Bandwidth
ossspace.Radiationpatterns
areimportantforabroadspectrumofapplications,andin
thecaseofwirelessnetworks, they determine the
While gain quantifies how efficiently the coverage area, signal intensity, and connection
antenna transforms feeding power into reliability—all of which are essential for ensuring
radiatedelectromagneticenergyinaparticularpathordi uninterrupted connectivity. The radiation pattern is
rection,VSWRmeasurestheefficiency with which shown in Figure 5.
power is transported from the transmitter to the
antenna and vice versa. Reaching a high gain is
crucial for expanding the communication range of
the system overall, strengthening link dependability,
and boosting signal coverage. The proposed
antenna yielded a VSWR of 1.24, with the optimal
VSWR range being be- tween 1 and 2. Additionally,
based on the figure 4, the antenna gain (in relation
to isotropic antenna radiation) is 5.7313 dBi.

Fig. 53D Radiation Pattern

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International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 7 Issue 4, July-Aug 2024
Available at www.ijsred.com
V. CONCLUSIONS
The modeling of a microstrip rectangular
patch antenna designed for 5G wireless net- work
systems hasunambiguously producedencouraging
findings, suggestingthat this design can fulfil the
requirements of 5G communication technologies.
The objective performance of the antenna hasbeen
heightened through setting the substrate material as
Rogers/RT Duroid 5880. At the operating
frequency of 28.09 GHz, it exhibits a re- turn loss
of -28.5413 dB, a bandwidth of 5.4 GHz, a VSWR
of 1.24, and an antenna
gainof5.7313dBi.Thecomprehensiveanalysisofthean
tenna'sradiationpattern,electricfield,andmagneticfiel
dhascontributedtoitsvalidationof5Gwirelesscommu
nication compatibility.
Thesefindingsalludethatthesuggestedantenna
mayprovidesteadyanddependable
connectivitywhilemeetingtheperformancerequireme
ntsfor5Gapplications.Theeffectivenessofthesimulati
onestablishesa sturdybasefor
furtherresearchinthisfield.
Subsequentresearchstepsmightentailbuildingthesug
gestedantennaandtestingitin real-world 5G
communication scenarios to validate its theoretical
performance. This
wouldgiveimportantinformationonhowtheantennabe
havesinreal-worldsituations and how it integrates
with current communication networks. Overall, the
study's
demonstrationofthelatestdevelopmentsinmicrostripp
atchantennadesignshasgreat promise for the
continued evolution of5G technology and
itsapplications in avariety of industries.
REFERENCES
[1] Ezzulddin, S.K., Hasan, S.O., Ameen, M.M.: Microstrip patch
antenna design, simulation and fabrication for 5G applications.
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory (2022).
[2] Abdulmajid,M.F.:Studyandanalysisofrectangularmicrostrippatchan
tennaat28GHzfor 5G applications. WSEAS Transactions on
Communications 20, pp. 6-11 (2021).
[3] K.L.,R.,Kotha,M.,Kundhuru,V.,Modugula,H.:Designandimplemen
tationoftriplefre- quency microstrip patch antenna for 5G
communications 10(1), pp. 11-17 (2023).
[4] Tiwari, R., Sharma, R., Dubey, R.: Microstrip patch antenna array
design analysis for 5G communication applications. Smart Moves
Journal Ijoscience 6(5), pp. 1-5 (2020).
[5] Rana,M.S.,Rahman,M.M.:Designandanalysisofmicrostrippatchant
ennafor5Gwireless
communicationsystems.BulletinofElectricalEngineeringandInform
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