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9. CSS Position

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6 views

9. CSS Position

Uploaded by

Hayat Hyt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSS Layout – The

position Property

The position property specifies the type of positioning method used for an
element (static, relative, fixed, absolute or sticky).

The position Property


The position property specifies the type of positioning method used for an
element.

There are five different position values:

 static
 relative
 fixed
 absolute
 sticky

Elements are then positioned using the top, bottom, left, and right properties.
However, these properties will not work unless the position property is set
first. They also work differently depending on the position value.

position: static;
HTML elements are positioned static by default.

Static positioned elements are not affected by the top, bottom, left, and right
properties.

An element with position: static; is not positioned in any special way; it is


always positioned according to the normal flow of the page:
Here is the CSS that is used:

Example
div.static {
position: static;
border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}

position: relative;
An element with position: relative; is positioned relative to its normal
position.

Setting the top, right, bottom, and left properties of a relatively-positioned


element will cause it to be adjusted away from its normal position. Other
content will not be adjusted to fit into any gap left by the element.

Here is the CSS that is used:

Example
div.relative {
position: relative;
left: 30px;
border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}

position: fixed;
An element with position: fixed; is positioned relative to the viewport,
which means it always stays in the same place even if the page is scrolled. The
top, right, bottom, and left properties are used to position the element.
A fixed element does not leave a gap in the page where it would normally have
been located.

Notice the fixed element in the lower-right corner of the page. Here is the CSS
that is used:

Example
div.fixed {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
width: 300px;
border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}

position: absolute;
An element with position: absolute; is positioned relative to the nearest
positioned ancestor (instead of positioned relative to the viewport, like fixed).

However; if an absolute positioned element has no positioned ancestors, it uses


the document body, and moves along with page scrolling.

Note: Absolute positioned elements are removed from the normal flow, and can
overlap elements.

Here is a simple example:

Here is the CSS that is used:

Example
div.relative {
position: relative;
width: 400px;
height: 200px;
border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}

div.absolute {
position: absolute;
top: 80px;
right: 0;
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}

position: sticky;
An element with position: sticky; is positioned based on the user's scroll
position.

A sticky element toggles between relative and fixed, depending on the scroll
position. It is positioned relative until a given offset position is met in the
viewport - then it "sticks" in place (like position:fixed).

Note: Internet Explorer does not support sticky positioning. Safari requires a -
webkit- prefix (see example below). You must also specify at least one
of top, right, bottom or left for sticky positioning to work.

In this example, the sticky element sticks to the top of the page ( top: 0), when
you reach its scroll position.

Example
div.sticky {
position: -webkit-sticky; /* Safari */
position: sticky;
top: 0;
background-color: green;
border: 2px solid #4CAF50;
}

CSS Layout - The z-


index Property
The z-index property specifies the stack order of an element.

The z-index Property


When elements are positioned, they can overlap other elements.

The z-index property specifies the stack order of an element (which element
should be placed in front of, or behind, the others).

An element can have a positive or negative stack order:

Example
img {
position: absolute;
left: 0px;
top: 0px;
z-index: -1;
}
Note: z-index only works on positioned elements (position: absolute, position:
relative, position: fixed, or position: sticky) and flex items (elements that are
direct children of display: flex elements).

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