2 Mark questions

Q1. what is Computer Network?

Ans: A computer network is a system of interconnected computers and devices that communicate with
each other to share resources, data, and services.

Q2. Define topology- list its type.

Ans: Topology refers to the physical or logical layout or arrangement of devices in a computer network.

• Bus Topology
• Star Topology
• Ring Topology
• Mesh Topology
• Hybrid Topology

Q3. what is protocol?

Ans: set of rules or guidelines that govern the exchange of data between devices or systems in a
network. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

Q4. What is Standard?

Ans: a set of specifications or protocols that define how devices communicate and exchange data within
a network. These standards ensure compatibility and interoperability among different networking
devices and systems.

Q5.

Ans:

Q6. What is cladding?

Ans:

Q7. What us bandwidth

Anas: refers to the maximum data transfer rate of a network connection. It represents the amount of
data that can be transmitted over the network in a given amount of time, bps, kbps, Mbps.
Q8. What is address?

Ans: an "address" refers to a unique identifier assigned to a device on a network. This identifier allows
devices to communicate with each other and ensures that data packets are delivered to the intended
recipient. Mac address, IP address, Domain Name.

Q9. What is transmission media?

Ans: the physical channels or pathways used to transmit data between devices on a network. It serves as
the medium through which data signals are propagated from one location to another.

• Guided media
• Unguided media

Q10. What is guided media?

Ans: Guided media, also known as bounded or wired media, are physical channels that guide the
transmission signals along a specific path. Unlike wireless or unguided media, guided media require a
physical medium through which signals travel.

• Twisted pair cable

• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable

Q11. Define wireless transmission

Ans: Wireless transmission refers to the communication of data between devices without the use of
physical cables, relying instead on wireless technologies such as radio waves, enabling communication
over short or long distances.

Q12. What is VLAN?

Ans: A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is a logical grouping of devices within a network that enables
them to communicate as if they are on the same physical network, regardless of their actual physical
location.

Q13.
Q14. What is network security?

Ans: network security can be defined as the set of measures and practices implemented to protect
computer networks and data from unauthorized access, misuse, or damage.

• Access Control
• Firewalls
• Encryption

Q15. What is Message?

Ans: a "message" in networking refers to data that is transmitted between devices or nodes within a
network. It can be any form of information, such as text, files, images, or commands, that is sent from
one device to another over the network.

Q16.

Q17. What is Cipher text?

Ans: Cipher text is the encrypted form of a message or data, generated through cryptographic algorithms
to protect it from unauthorized access or interception. It appears as a random or unintelligible sequence
of characters and can only be decrypted using the corresponding decryption key or algorithm.

Q18. Steganography?

Ans: Steganography is the practice of concealing secret information within a non-secret medium, such
as an image, audio file, or text, in a way that the existence of the hidden information is not readily
apparent to observers.

Q19.

Q20.
Q21. Define Plain text.

Ans: "plain text" refers to unencrypted, readable data or information. It is the original form of data
before it undergoes encryption for secure transmission or storage.

Q22. What is layers?

Ans: "layers" typically refers to the layers of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model or the TCP/IP
(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) model. These models are used to conceptualize and
organize the various functions and protocols involved in network communication into distinct layers.

Q23. What is interface?

Ans: An interface in networking refers to a point of connection or interaction between a device and a
network, encompassing physical ports, wireless connections, virtual configurations, and software
protocols.

Q24. Gateway Definition.

Ans: A gateway, in the context of networking, is a device or software system that serves as an entry and
exit point between two or more different networks, facilitating communication and data exchange by
translating between different network protocols.

4 Mark questions

Q1. Application of computer network.

Ans:

• Communication: Email, video call, e call. Exchange of information.

• File Sharing and Collaboration:allowing to access shared documents, databases, and resources
stored on network servers, enhancing teamwork and productivity.
• Internet Access:Networks provide internet access to businesses, enabling them to conduct
online research, access web-based applications
• Resource Sharing: Networks allow businesses to share hardware resources such as printers,
scanners, and storage devices among multiple users, optimizing resource utilization and reducing
costs.
 • Remote Access:Networks enable remote access to business resources and applications, allowing
employees to work from anywhere with an internet connection, increasing flexibility and
productivity.
• E-commerce:Networks support e-commerce activities by connecting businesses with customers
through online storefronts, payment gateways, and digital marketing channels, facilitating online
transactions and sales.
• Security and Surveillance:Networks are used for security and surveillance purposes within
businesses, including monitoring of physical premises, access control systems, and network
security measures to protect against cyber threats and data breaches.

Q2. Explain component of data communication of network.

Ans:

Message: Information or data.

Sender: the person who compose message

Receiver: The receiver is the device or entity that receives the transmitted message from the sender. It
decodes the received data and processes it according to its intended purpose.

Medium: physical pathway through which data is transmitted between the sender and receiver.

Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and conventions that govern the communication between devices
on a network.

Encoder/Decoder: Encoders and decoders are responsible for converting the message into a format
suitable for transmission over the network (encoding) and converting the received data back into its
original form (decoding) at the receiver's end.

Modem: A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that converts digital data from a computer into
analog signals suitable for transmission over analog communication lines, such as telephone lines, and
vice versa. Modems are commonly used for dial-up internet connections.

Router: Routers play a crucial role in directing data traffic over the most efficient paths in a network.

Switch: A switch is a network device that connects multiple devices within a local area network (LAN)
and forwards data packets between them based on MAC addresses. Switches operate at the data link
layer of the OSI model and enable efficient communication within LANs.

Gateway: A gateway is a network device or software system that serves as an entry and exit point
between different networks, facilitating communication and data exchange by translating between
different network protocols, architectures, or technologies.

Q3. What Is topology. Explain any 3 types.

Ans:
1. Star topology: In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central device, typically a
network switch or hub.
Each device has a dedicated point-to-point connection to the central device, forming a hub-and-
spoke structure.
2. Bus topology: In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single communication line, known
as a bus or backbone.
Each device communicates directly with the bus and can transmit data to all other devices on
the network.
3. Mesh Topology: In a mesh topology, each device is connected to every other device in the
network, forming a fully interconnected mesh of point-to-point links.
Data can travel along multiple paths between source and destination devices, providing
redundancy and fault tolerance.