PREFACE

"IIT JAM MATHEMATICS (2005 to 2024 Topic Wise Questions with Detailed Solutions)" is not
only used for IIT JAM aspirants but also useful for CUET, TIFR, NBHM, GATE, Autonomous,
Deemed, Private, State, and Central University Entrance Exams.

This book contains all the previous year question of IIT JAM MATHEMATICS which is topic-wise &
year-wise sorted with detailed solution. It will help the reader to practice questions from a
particular topic at one place. This book relates the present study to its wider context, which
would serve as a pedestal upon which the remaining part of the study will be built.

It assumes that the student has had introductory mathematics as a pre-requisite. The book covers
all the topic namely Real Analysis, Group Theory, Linear Algebra, Integral Equations & Ordinary
Differential Equations.

Simple language is used to clarify important facts. The book aims to develop confidence among
the students who are appearing in different examination having common syllabus. Although I
have made every effort to make the book error free, I am under no illusion. I welcome comments,
criticism and suggestions from the readers to evolve the contents of this book.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Writing this book "IIT JAM MATHEMATICS (2005 to 2024 Topic Wise Questions with Detailed
Solutions)” has been an incredible journey. All the chapters have taken a final shape after endless
inputs of time and effort. Though many colleagues assisted me in compiling this book, I first of all
would like to thank all students at Institute for advanced Studies (IFAS), who have helped me to
learn and implement the concepts and ideas of Mathematics in its simplest form.

I would like to specially mention the effort made by Mr. Radheshyam Choudhary, Director IFAS
Publications, who extended immense support in myriad ways for bringing out the book in its
present form.

My special thanks to Mr. Vikas Yadav, Mr. Manoj Gunjal, Mr. Rohit Muranjan, Mr. Mahesh Shelke,
Mr. Chandan Kumar, Mr. Gaurav Agnihotri & Mr. Omkar Girkar for suggestions and providing
valuable contributions.

This book is a team effort, and producing it would be impossible without outstanding people of
IFAS publication. I am thankful to the team at IFAS Publication, It has been a pleasure to work
with Vikendra Mehta and Kuldeep Singh Rathore who took great care during the copy-editing
and production processes of this book and finally my humble greetings to all who put their
significant efforts and are unmentioned.
 IIT JAM Entrance Exam Details

Joint Admission Test (JAM) is an all India admission test conducted jointly by the Indian Institute
of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institute of Science (IISC) since 2004 to provide admissions to
M.Sc. (Four Semesters), Joint M.Sc.-Ph.D., M.Sc. - Ph.D. Dual Degree.

To apply for the topmost IIT MSc entrance exam, an aspirant must fulfill the following
requirements:

 All candidates admitted through JAM should have a Bachelor's degree.

 The candidates must PASS the qualifying degree examination. In case if a candidate is
promoted without a mark sheet, the promotion certificate or a document accompanying the
promotion certificate duly signed by the Head of the Institute must mention the subjects
taken in that semester/year to evaluate the MEQ requirements for admission to a specific
program.

 The medium of instruction is English.

 IISc Bangalore, IISER Bhopal, IISER Pune, IISER Tirupati and Centralized Counselling for
M.Sc./M.Sc.(Tech) for NITs (CCMN) Institutes may be using the JAM 2022 results for
admission to their postgraduate programmes.
 IIT-JAM Exam Pattern

Sections Section A Section B Section C

Number of
30 10 20
Questions

Marks 10 questions of 1 mark each 10 questions of 1 mark

and 20 questions of 2 marks each and 10 questions of
each. 2 marks each.

1
Negative For 1 mark questions - No negative No negative marking
3
Marking marks will be deducted; marking
For 2 marks questions - -
2
marks will be de ducted.
3

Types of Multiple Choice Questions Multiple Select No options will be

Question Questions displayed

Total number
𝟔𝟎
of Question

Total Marks 𝟏𝟎𝟎

 IIT JAM MATHEMATICS (MA) SYLLABUS

S. No Real Analysis

1 Sequences and Series of Real Numbers: Convergence of sequences, bounded and

monotone sequences, Cauchy sequences, Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, absolute
convergence, tests of convergence for series - comparison test, ratio test, root test;
Power series (of one real variable), radius and interval of convergence, term-wise
differentiation and integration of power series.

2 Functions of One Real Variable: Limit, continuity, intermediate value property,

differentiation, Rolle's Theorem, mean value theorem, L'Hospital rule, Taylor's
theorem, Taylor's series, maxima and minima, Riemann integration (definite
integrals and their properties), fundamental theorem of calculus.

S. No Multivariable Calculus and Differential Equations

1 Functions of Two or Three Real Variables: Limit, continuity, partial derivatives, total
derivative, maxima and minima.

2 Integral Calculus: Double and triple integrals, change of order of integration,

calculating surface areas and volumes using double integrals, calculating volumes
using triple integrals.

3 Differential Equations: Bernoulli's equation, exact differential equations, integrating

factors, orthogonal trajectories, homogeneous differential equations, method of
separation of variables, linear differential equations of second order with constant
coefficients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy-Euler equation.

S. No Linear Algebra and Algebra

1 Matrices: Systems of linear equations, rank, nullity, rank-nullity theorem, inverse,

determinant, eigenvalues, eigenvectors.

2 Finite Dimensional Vector Spaces: Linear independence of vectors, basis, dimension,

linear transformations, matrix representation, range space, null space, rank-nullity
theorem.

3 Groups: Cyclic groups, abelian groups, non-abelian groups, permutation groups,

normal subgroups, quotient groups, Lagrange's theorem for finite groups, group
homomorphisms.
 IIT JAM PAPER ANALYSIS

2024 2023 2022 2021 2020

Subject No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of
Marks Marks Marks Marks Marks
Ques. Ques. Ques. Ques. Ques.
Real Analysis 22 42 20 33 14 23 23 38 19 31

Group Theory 9 14 8 13 7 11 10 17 6 10

Linear Algebra 12 19 12 21 13 23 11 19 9 16

Ordinary
Differential 10 14 7 12 9 14 6 10 8 13
Equations
Integral
6 10 7 11 9 14 3 4 5 9
Calculus
Vector
0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 8 13
Calculus
Function of
Several 0 0 6 10 8 13 3 6 5 8
Variable

2019 2018 2017 2016 2015

Subject No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of

Marks Marks Marks Marks Marks
Ques. Ques. Ques. Ques. Ques.

Real Analysis 20 35 20 34 21 35 20 34 21 35

Group Theory 6 11 8 13 6 9 8 13 6 9
Linear Algebra 9 15 8 13 9 15 8 13 9 15
Ordinary
Differential 6 10 6 12 6 11 6 12 6 11
Equations

Integral
7 9 7 11 8 13 7 11 8 13
Calculus

Vector
6 10 6 9 6 12 6 9 6 12
Calculus

Function of
Several 6 10 5 8 4 5 5 8 4 5
Variable
 IIT JAM CUT-OFF

Candidates SC / ST / Organizing
Year General EWS/OBS-NCL
Appeared PwD Institute

2024 14146 11.22 10.09 5.61 IIT MADRAS

2023 13333 24.56 22.10 12.28 IIT GUWAHATI

2022 12716 22.91 20.62 11.46 IIT ROORKEE

2021 13186 24.69 22.22 12.35 IIT BANGALORE

2020 14734 33.65 30.29 16.82 IIT KANPUR

2019 12863 22.96 20.66 11.48 IIT KHARAGPUR

2018 11583 16.84 15.16 08.42 IIT BOMBAY

2017 10834 19.51 17.56 09.76 IIT DELHI

2016 9999 27.67 24.90 13.84 IIT MADRAS

 INDEX
IIT JAM MATHEMATICS - PYQ
CHAPTER NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO.

SECTION - I REAL ANALYSIS

1 POINT SET TOPOLOGY 1

2 SEQUENCES OF REAL NUMBERS 10

3 SERIES OF REAL NUMBERS 22

4 FUNCTION & THEIR PROPERTIES 32

5 CONTINUITY & UNIFORM CONTINUITY 42

6 DIFFERENTIABILITY 48

7 SEQUENCE & SERIES OF FUNCTIONS & POWER SERIES 57

8 FUNCTION OF SEVERAL VARIABLES 64

SECTION - II GROUP THEORY

1 GROUPS & SUBGROUPS 78

2 GROUPS OF FINITE ORDER 83

3 GROUPS OF SYMMETRIES 87

4 NORMAL SUBGROUP & FACTOR GROUP 92

5 GROUPS OF INFINITE ORDER 95

6 GROUPS HOMOMORPHISM 97

7 SYLOW PACKAGE 103

SECTION - III LINEAR ALGEBRA

1 MATRICES & THEIR PROPERTIES 105

2 VECTOR SPACES 111

3 LINEAR TRANSFORMATION & ITS PROPERTIES 119

4 SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS 129

5 EIGEN VALUES & EIGEN VECTORS 133

SECTION - IV INTEGRAL CALCULUS
1 DEFINITE INTEGRAL & ITS PROPERTIES 142

2 AREA UNDER THE CURVES, DOUBLE INTEGRATION 150

3 SURFACE AREA & SURFACE INTEGRAL 160

4 VOLUME INTEGRAL 163

SECTION - V ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1 FIRST ORDER FIRST DEGREE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION 169
GENERAL THEORY OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF HIGHER
2 179
ORDER
SOLUTION OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH CONSTANT
3 184
& VARIABLE COEFFICIENTS
4 UNIQUENESS & EXISTENCE 191

5 ORTHOGONAL TRAJECTORIES 192

SECTION - VI MODEL PAPER

1 MODEL PAPER - 1 198

2 MODEL PAPER - 2 203

3 MODEL PAPER - 3 208

4 MODEL PAPER - 4 213
5 MODEL PAPER - 5 218
 SECTION – I

REAL ANALYSIS
CHAPTER-1 POINT SET TOPOLOGY

(MCQ) Multiple Choice Questions

[2006: 6 Marks] [2012: 6 Marks]
1. Let 𝐺 be the set of all irrational numbers. The 𝑥
7. If 𝑌 = { ∶ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ} then the set of all limit points
1+|𝑥|
interior and the closure of G are denoted by 𝐺° and
of 𝑌 is
𝐺, respectively. Then (a) (−1, 1) (b) (−1, 1]
(a) 𝐺° = 𝜙, 𝐺 = 𝐺 (b) 𝐺° = ℝ, 𝐺=ℝ (c) [0, 1] (d) [−1, 1]
(c) 𝐺° = 𝜙, 𝐺 = ℝ (d) 𝐺° = 𝐺, 𝐺=ℝ [2013: 2 Marks]
[2008: 6 Marks] 8. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be subsets of ℝ. Which of the following
2. The set of all boundary point of ℚ in ℝ is is NOT necessarily true?
(a) ℝ (b) ℝ/ℚ (a) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)° ⊆ 𝐴° ∩ 𝐵°
(c) ℚ (d) 𝜙 (b) 𝐴° ∪ 𝐵° ⊆ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)°
[2008: 6 Marks] (c) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
1
3. The set 𝑈 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ| sin 𝑥 = 2} is
(d) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
(a) Open [2014: 2 Marks]
(b) Closed 𝑥2
9. The se {1+𝑥 2 ∶ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ} is
(c) Both open and closed
(a) Connected but NOT compact in ℝ
(d) Neither open nor closed
(b) Compact but NOT connected in ℝ
[2009: 6 Marks]
(c) Compact and connected in ℝ
4. The set of all limit points of the sequence
1 1 3 1 3 5 7 1 3 5 7 9 (d) Neither compact nor connected in ℝ
1, 2 , 4 , 4 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 16 , 16 , 16 , 16 , 16 , … is
[2014: 2 Marks]
(a) [0, 1] 2
10. The set of all limit points of the set {𝑥+1 ∶ 𝑥 ∈
(b) (0, 1]
(c) The set of all rational numbers in [0, 1] (−1,1)} in ℝ is
(d) The set of all rational numbers in [0, 1] of the (a) [1, ∞) (b) (1, ∞)
𝑚
form 2𝑛 where 𝑚 and 𝑛 are integers. (c) [−1,1] (d) [−1, ∞)
[2010: 6 Marks] [2014: 2 Marks]
6 5
5. Let 𝑆 be an infinite subset of ℝ such that 𝑆 ∩ ℚ = 𝜙. 11. Let 𝑆 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ 𝑥 − 𝑥 ≤ 100} and 𝑇=
Which of the following statements is true? {𝑥 2 − 2𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)}. The set 𝑆 ∩ 𝑇 is
(a) 𝑆 must have a limit point which belongs to ℚ (a) Closed and bounded in ℝ
(b) 𝑆 must have a limit point which belongs to ℝ/ℚ (b) Closed but NOT bounded in ℝ
(c) 𝑆 cannot be a closed set in ℝ (c) Bounded but NOT closed in ℝ
(d) ℝ/𝑆 must have a limit point which belongs to 𝑆 (d) Neither closed nor bounded in ℝ
[2011: 6 Marks] [2015: 1 Mark]
6. Consider the following subsets of ℝ: 12. Let 𝐴 be a non-empty subset of ℝ. Let 𝐼(𝐴) denote
𝑛 1 the set of interior points of 𝐴. Then 𝐼(𝐴) can be
𝐸 = {𝑛+1 ∶ 𝑛 ∈ ℕ} , 𝐹 = {1−𝑥 ∶ 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1}
(a) Empty
Then
(b) Singleton
(a) Both 𝐸 and 𝐹 are closed
(c) A finite set containing more than one element
(b) 𝐸 is closed and 𝐹 is NOT closed
(d) Countable but not finite
(c) 𝐸 is NOT closed and 𝐹 is closed
(d) Neither 𝐸 nor 𝐹 is closed
2 IIT JAM Real Analysis – Previous Year Exam Question Book

[2015: 1 Mark] [2017: 2 Marks]

13. Let 𝑆 be a non-empty subset of ℝ. If 𝑆 is a finite 18. Let 𝑆 be an infinite subset of ℝ such that 𝑆\{𝛼} is
union of disjoint bounded intervals, then which one compact for some 𝛼 ∈ 𝑆.
of the following is true? Then which one of the following is TRUE?
(a) If 𝑆 is not compact, then sup 𝑆 ∉ 𝑆 and inf 𝑆 ∉ 𝑆 (a) 𝑆 is a connected set
(b) Even if sup 𝑆 ∈ 𝑆 and inf 𝑆 ∈ 𝑆, 𝑆 need not be (b) 𝑆 contains no limit points
compact (c) 𝑆 is a union of open intervals
(c) If sup 𝑆 ∈ 𝑆 and inf 𝑆 ∈ 𝑆, then 𝑆 is compact (d) Every sequence in 𝑆 has a subsequence
(d) Even if 𝑆 is compact, it is not necessary that sup converging to an element in 𝑆.
𝑆 ∈ 𝑆 and inf 𝑆 ∈ 𝑆 [2019: 1 Mark]
19. Let 𝑆 be the set of all limit points of the set
[2015: 2 Marks]
1 1 𝑛 √2
14. Let 𝑆 = ⋂∞
𝑛=1 ([0, 2𝑛+1] ∪[ , 1]) { + ∶ 𝑛 ∈ ℕ}. Let ℚ+ be the set of all positive
2𝑛 √2 𝑛

Which one of the following statements is FALSE? rational numbers. Then

(a) There exist sequences {𝑎𝑛 } and {𝑏𝑛 } in [0,1] such (a) ℚ+ ⊆ 𝑆 (b) 𝑆 ⊆ ℚ+
that 𝑆 = [0,1]\ ⋃∞
𝑛=1(𝑎𝑛 , 𝑏𝑛 )
(c) 𝑆 ∩ (ℝ/ℚ+ ) ≠ 𝜙 (d) 𝑆 ∩ ℚ+ ≠ 𝜙
(b) [0,1]\𝑆 is an open set [2019: 2 Marks]
𝑥
(c) If 𝐴 is an infinite subset of 𝑆, then 𝐴 has a limit 20. The set {1+𝑥 ∶ −1 < 𝑥 < 1}, as a subset of ℝ is
point (a) Connected and compact
(d) There exists an infinite subset of 𝑆 having no (b) Connected but not compact
limits points (c) Not connected but compact
[2015: 2 Marks] (d) Neither connected nor compact
15. Let 𝐺 and 𝐻 be non-empty subsets of ℝ, where 𝐺 is [2019: 2 Marks]
1 1
connected and 𝐺 ∪ 𝐻 is not connected. Which one {
21. The set 𝑚 + 𝑛 : 𝑚, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ} ∪ {0}, as a subset of ℝ is
of the following statements is true for all such 𝐺 and (a) Compact and open
𝐻? (b) Compact but not open
(a) If 𝐺 ∩ 𝐻 = 𝜙, then 𝐻 is connected (c) Not compact but open
(b) If 𝐺 ∩ 𝐻 = 𝜙, then 𝐻 is not connected (d) Neither compact nor open
(c) If 𝐺 ∩ 𝐻 ≠ 𝜙 then 𝐻 is connected [2021: 2 Marks]
(d) If 𝐺 ∩ 𝐻 ≠ 𝜙 then 𝐻 is not connected 22. Define
[2016: 1 Mark] 1 1 1
𝑆 = lim (1 − 22) (1 − 32) … (1 − 𝑛2).
16. Let 𝑆 be a closed subset of ℝ, 𝑇 a compact subset of 𝑛→∞

ℝ such that 𝑆 ∩ 𝑇 ≠ 𝜙. Then 𝑆 ∩ 𝑇 is Then

(a) 𝑆 = 1/2. (b) 𝑆 = 1/4.
(a) Closed but not compact
(b) Not closed (c) 𝑆 = 1. (d) 𝑆 = 3/4.
(c) Compact
(MSQ) Multiple Select Questions
(d) Neither closed nor compact
[2016: 2 Marks] [2016: 2 Marks]
17. Let 𝑆 ⊂ ℝ and 𝜕𝑆 denote the set of points x in ℝ 1. Which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE?
such that every neighbourhood of 𝑥 contains some (a) There exists a connected set in ℝ which is not
points of 𝑆 as well as some points of complement of compact
𝑆. Further, let 𝑆 denote the closure of 𝑆. Then which (b) Arbitrary union of closed intervals in ℝ need not
one of the following is FALSE? be compact
(a) 𝜕ℚ = ℝ (c) Arbitrary union of closed intervals in ℝ is always
(b) 𝜕(ℝ/𝑇) = 𝜕𝑇, 𝑇 ⊂ ℝ closed
(c) 𝜕(𝑇 ∪ 𝑉) = 𝜕𝑇 ∪ 𝜕𝑉 , 𝑇, 𝑉 ⊂ ℝ, 𝑇 ∩ 𝑉 ≠ 𝜙 (d) Every bounded infinite subset 𝑉 of ℝ has a limit
(d) 𝜕𝑇 = 𝑇 ∩ (ℝ/𝑇), 𝑇 ⊂ ℝ point in 𝑉 itself

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 Chapter-1 Point Set Topology 3

[2016 2 Marks] (a) 𝑆\𝑇° (b) 𝑆\𝑇

1 1 (c) 𝑆°\𝑇° (d) 𝑆°\𝑇
2. Let 𝑆 = { + | 𝑛, 𝑚 ∈ ℕ}
3𝑛 7𝑚
[2021: 2 Marks]
Then which of the following statement(s) is (are)
8. Which of the following subsets of ℝ is/are
TRUE?
connected?
(a) 𝑆 is closed
(a) The set {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 is irrational}.
(b) 𝑆 is not open
(b) The set {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 3 − 1 ≥ 0}.
(c) 𝑆 is connected
(c) The set {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 1 ≥ 0}.
(d) 0 is a limit point of 𝑆
(d) The set {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 + 1 ≥ 0}.
[2017: 2 Marks]
[2021: 2 Marks]
3. Let 𝑆 be the set of all rational numbers in (0,1). Then
9. Consider the four functions from ℝ to ℝ:
which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
𝑓1 (𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 + 1, 𝑓2 (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 +
(a) 𝑆 is a closed subset of ℝ
4𝑥, 𝑓3 (𝑥) = arctan(𝑥)
(b) 𝑆 is not a closed subset of ℝ
and
(c) 𝑆 is an open subset of ℝ
𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ∈ ℤ.
(d) Every 𝑥 ∈ (0,1)\𝑆 is a limit point of 𝑆 𝑓4 (𝑥) = {
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ∈ ℤ.
[2018: 2 Marks] Which of the following subsets of ℝ are open?
4. Which of the following subsets of ℝ is (are) (a) The range of 𝑓1 . (b) The range of 𝑓2 .
connected? (c) The range of 𝑓3 . (d) The range of 𝑓4.
(a) {𝑥 ∈ ℝ |𝑥 2 + 𝑥 > 4}
(b) {𝑥 ∈ ℝ |𝑥 2 + 𝑥 < 4} NAT (Numerical Answer Type)
(c) {𝑥 ∈ ℝ | |𝑥| < |𝑥 − 4|}
(d) {𝑥 ∈ ℝ | |𝑥| > |𝑥 − 4|} [2021: 1 Mark]
2
[2018: 2 Marks] 1. Consider the set 𝐴 ={𝑎 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑎 + 1)(𝑎 + 2)
5. Let 𝑃 and 𝑄 be two non-empty disjoint subsets of ℝ. has a real root}. The number of connected
Which of the following is (are) FALSE? components of 𝐴 is _______.
(a) If 𝑃 and 𝑄 are compact, then 𝑃 ∪ 𝑄 is also [2021: 1 Mark]
compact 2. The value of
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(b) If 𝑃 and 𝑄 are not connected, then 𝑃 ∪ 𝑄 is also lim cos ( ) cos ( ) … cos ( 𝑛+1 )
2 𝑛→∞ 4 8 2
not connected is _______.
(c) If 𝑃 ∪ 𝑄 and 𝑃 are closed, then 𝑄 is closed [2021: 2 Marks]
(d) If 𝑃 ∪ 𝑄 and 𝑃 are open, then 𝑄 is open 3. The value of
[2018 2 Marks] 1
2
6. Let 𝑆 be a subset of ℝ such that 2018 is an interior lim ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin(𝑛𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑛→∞
point of 𝑆. Which of the following is (are) TRUE? 0

(a) 𝑆 contains an interval is ________.

(b) There is sequence in 𝑆 which does not converge [2021: 1 Mark]
to 2018 4. The value of
(c) There is element 𝑦 ∈ 𝑆, 𝑦 ≠ 2018 such that 𝑦 is lim (3𝑛 + 5𝑛 + 7𝑛 )1/𝑛
𝑛→∞
also an interior point of 𝑆 is _______.
(d) There is a point 𝑧 ∈ 𝑆, such that |𝑧 − 2018| =
0.002018
[2019: 2 Marks]
7. Consider the intervals 𝑆 = (0,2] and 𝑇 = [1,3). Let
𝑆° and 𝑇° be the sets of interior points of 𝑆 and 𝑇,
respectively. Then the set of interior points of 𝑆\𝑇 is
equal to

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4 IIT JAM Real Analysis – Previous Year Exam Question Book

Answer Key
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(c) (c) (b) (a) (d) (c) (d) (d) (a) (a)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(a) (a) (b) (d) (d) (c) (c) (d) (b) (b)
21 22
(b) (a)
Multiple Select Questions (MSQ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(a)(b) (b)(d) (b)(d) (b)(c)(d) (b)(c)(d) (a)(b)(c) (b)(d) (c)(b) (b)(c)(d)
Numerical Answer Type (NAT)
1 2 3 4
2 1 0 7

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 Chapter-1 Point Set Topology 5

:: SOLUTIONS ::
(MCQ) Multiple Choice Questions 6. Solution:
𝑛
1. Solution: Given, 𝐸 = {𝑛+1 , 𝑛 ∈ ℕ}
Given, 1 is limit point which not belongs to E
𝐺=ℚ 𝑐 ∴ 𝐸 is not closed.
1
As we know, Also, 𝐹 = {1−𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1}
For any neighbourhood of point 𝑝 ∈ ℚ𝑐 ∵0≤𝑥<1
∃ infinitely many rational numbers belong to that ⇒ 0 ≥ −𝑥 > −1
neighbourhood. ⇒ 1≥ 1−𝑥 > 0
∴ ℚ𝑐 does not contain any neighbourhood of point ⇒ 1 ≤ 1−𝑥 < ∞
1
𝑐
𝑝∈ℚ
𝑓 = [1, ∞]
∴ 𝐺° = 𝜙.
𝑓 contains all of its limit points
Also, we know that,
Hence, 𝑓 is closed set
(ℚ𝑐 )′ = ℝ
∴𝐺 =𝐺∪ℝ=ℝ
7. Solution:
𝑥
, 𝑥>0
2. Solution: As we know, 𝑌 = {1+𝑥
𝑥
, 𝑥<0
𝐹𝑟(ℚ) = ℝ 1−𝑥

∴ 𝛿(ℚ) = 𝐹𝑟(ℚ) ∩ ℚ ∴ 𝑌 = (−1,1)

= ℝ∩ℚ ∴ limit point of 𝑌 = [−1,1]
=ℚ
8. Solution:
3. Solution: (d) is not necessarily true.
1 Take example,
sin 𝑥 =
2 𝐴 = (0,1), 𝐵 = (1,2)
𝜋
⇒ sin 𝑥 = sin 6 ∴ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = [0,1] ∩ [1,2] = {1}
𝜋
∴ 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + (−1)𝑛 6 , 𝑛 ∈ ℤ But, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝜙
∴ set U contains isolated points. ∴ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ⊈ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
∴ (𝑈)′ = 𝜙
∴ 𝑈 is closed 9. Solution:
𝑥2
Given, 𝑆 = {1+𝑥 2 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ}
4. Solution:
As we know, 𝑥 2 ≥ 0
For any point 𝑝 ∈ [0,1] infinitely many points in
∴ 1 + 𝑥2 ≥ 1
neighbourhood of p lies in [0,1] 𝑥2
∴ 1+𝑥 2 ≥ 0
∴ limit points = [0,1]
𝑥2
Also, lim =1
𝑥→∞ 1+𝑥 2
5. Solution: ∴0≤𝑆<1
Discard by examples ∴ 𝑆 is connected but not compact in ℝ
1
For (a) 𝑆 = {√2 + { }} , 𝑛 ∈ ℕ ∴ (𝑎) is true.
𝑛
√2
For (b) 𝑆 = {1 + , 𝑛 ∈ ℕ} 10. Solution:
𝑛
1 𝑥 ∈ (−1,1)
For (c) If 𝑆 = {√2 + 𝑛} ∪ {{√2}} , 𝑛 ∈ ℕ
−1 < 𝑥 < 1
0<𝑥+1<2
2
∞> >1
𝑥+1

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6 IIT JAM Real Analysis – Previous Year Exam Question Book

𝑆 ∈ (1, ∞) 1
∴ 𝑆 = {0} ∪ [2 , 1]
∴ 𝑆 ′ = [1, ∞]
Clearly S is infinite but bounded subset of ℝ
∴ By Bolzano weirstrass theorem. Every infinite
11. Solution:
subset of S has a limit point
Given, 𝑆 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 6 − 𝑥 5 ≥ 100}
∴ (𝑑) is false.
Clearly 𝑆 is closed and bounded above.
And
15. Solution:
𝑇 = {𝑥 2 − 2𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)}
Discard by example
= {(𝑥 − 1)2 − 1: 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)}
(a) 𝐺 = {1}, 𝐻 = {2} ∪ {3}
∵0<𝑥<∞
(b) 𝐺 = {1}, 𝐻 = {2}
−1 < 𝑥 − 1 < ∞
(c) 𝐺 = {1}, 𝐻 = [0,1] ∪ {2}
0 ≤ (𝑥 − 1)2 < ∞
∴ option d is only correct
−1 ≤ (𝑥 − 1)2 − 1 < ∞
∴ 𝑇 = [−1, ∞] 16. Solution:
∴ 𝑇 is closed and bounded below
Given,
∴ 𝑆 ∩ 𝑇 is closed and bounded. S is a closed subset of ℝ
And T is compact ⇒ 𝑇 is closed
12. Solution:
∴ 𝑆 ∩ 𝑇 is closed
For any point 𝑝 ∈ 𝐴, 𝐴 ≠ 𝜙 if 𝑝 is interior of 𝐴 then,
Also 𝑇 is bounded
(𝑝 − 𝛿, 𝑝 + 𝛿) ⊂ 𝐴, for some 𝛿 > 0
∴ 𝑆 ∩ 𝑇 is bounded also
∴ 𝐴 must be uncountable
∴ (𝑆 ∩ 𝑇) is closed + bounded
13. Solution: ⇒ 𝑆 ∩ 𝑇 is compact
If, 𝑆 = [0,1] ∪ (2,3]
17. Solution:
Sup (𝑆) = 3 ∈ 𝑆
Given definition is definition of Frontier points
And inf (𝑆) = 0 ∈ 𝑆
And 𝜕ℚ = ℝ
But S is not compact
∴ option (a) is true
∴ (𝑎) and (c) are incorrect and (b) is correct
Option (b) is also true
Also, if 𝑆 is compact then supremum and infimum
But if we take,
must belong to the set
𝑇 = [0,1] and 𝑉 = [1,2]
∴ (𝑑) is incorrect.
Then option (c) is false.

14. Solution: 18. Solution:

Given, 𝑆1 = ⋂∞
𝑛=1 𝑇𝑛 As, 𝑆\𝛼 is compact for some 𝛼 ∈ ℝ
1 1
Where, 𝑇𝑛 = [0, 2𝑛+1] ∪ [2𝑛 , 1] ∴ 𝛼 is isolated point
1 1 ∴ 𝑆 can’t be connected
∴ 𝑇1 = [0, 3] ∪ [2 , 1]
∴ (𝑎) is incorrect
1 1
𝑇2 = [0, 5] ∪ [4 , 1] If, 𝑆 = [𝑎, 𝑏] ∪ {𝛼}, 𝑎, 𝑏, ∈ ℝ 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏
1 1 Then (b) is incorrect
𝑇3 = [0, ] ∪ [ , 1]
7 6
And (c) is also incorrect
.
∴ (d) is correct
.
1 1
𝑇𝑛 = [0, 2𝑛+1] ∪ [2𝑛 , 1] 19. Solution:
as 𝑛 tends to ∞, 𝑇𝑛 become Given, 𝐴 = {
𝑛
+
√2
, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ}
√2 𝑛
𝑇 = {0} ∪ [0,1] ′
1
∴𝐴 =𝜙=𝑆
∴∩ 𝑇𝑛 = {0} ∪ [ , 1] ∴ option (b) is true.
2

Discard other options by taking examples

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 Chapter-1 Point Set Topology 7

20. Solution: 1
Take, 𝑉 = {𝑛 , 𝑛 ∈ ℕ}
𝑛
𝑆 = 𝑛+1
1
= 1− 2. Solution:
𝑛+1
Given, −1 < 𝑛 < 1 Given,
1 1
⇒ 0< 𝑛+1 < 2 𝑆={ + , 𝑚, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ}
3𝑛 7𝑛
1 1
⇒∞> > 0 is limit point which is not in S
𝑛+1 2
1 1 ∴ 𝑆 is not closed.
⇒ −∞ < − <−
𝑛+1 2
1 1 ∴ (d) is true (a) is false.
⇒ −∞ < 1 − <
𝑛+1 2 Also, 𝑆 is countable and disconnected
1
∴ 𝑆 = (−∞, 2) ∴ 𝑆 can’t be open
Which is connected but not compact ∴ (b) is true
And (c) is false
21. Solution:
Given, 3. Solution:
1 1 𝑆 = ℚ ∩ (0,1)
𝑆 = {𝑚 + 𝑛 : 𝑚, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ} ∪ {0}
1 ∴ 𝑆 ′ = [0,1] ⊆ 𝑆
∴ 𝑆 ′ = {𝑛 , 𝑛 ∈ ℕ} ∪ {0}
∴ 𝑆 is not closed
Clearly, 𝑆 ′ ⊆ 𝑆 ∴ (b) is true and (a) is false.
∴ 𝑆 is closed Also s is countable
1
Also, 0 < 𝑆 ≤ 2 ∴ S can’t be open
∴ 𝑆 is closed + Bounded⇒ 𝑆 is compact ∴ (c) is false and (d) is true
But 𝑆 can’t contain any neighbourhood as 𝑆 is
countable 4. Solution:
∴ 𝑆 can’t be open If, 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 4 = 0 then,
∴ 𝑆 is compact but not open −1±√17
𝑥= 2
=∝ , 𝛽 (say)
∴ (b) is correct.
Where, ∝< 𝛽
∴ 𝑥2 + 𝑥 > 4
22. Solution: ⇒ 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 4 > 0
1 1 1
𝑆 = lim (1 − 22) (1 − 32) … (1 − 𝑛2) ⇒ (𝑥−∝) (𝑥 − 𝛽) > 0
𝑛→∞
32 −1 32 −1 𝑛 2 −1 ∴ 𝑥 > 𝛽 or 𝑥 <∝
lim ( )( )….( )
𝑛→∞ 22 32 𝑛2 ∴ 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, ∝) ∪ (𝛽, ∞)
1∙3 2∙4 (𝑛−1)(𝑛+1)
= lim ( 2 ) ( 2 ) … ( ) ∴ 𝑆{𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 > 4}
𝑛→∞ 2 3 𝑛2
1 (𝑛+1) Is disconnected
= lim .
𝑛→∞ 2 𝑛
But, {𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 < 4}
1
=2 Is connected
∴ (a) is correct. Also,
If, |𝑥| < |𝑥 − 4|
(MSQ) Multiple Select Questions Then, 𝑥 < 𝑥 − 4 (case-I)
⇒ 0 < −4 → contradiction
1. Solution:
𝑥 < −(𝑥 − 4) (Case-II)
ℝ is connected but not bounded hence not compact
⇒ 2𝑥 < 4
∴ (a) is true
⇒𝑥<2
Also, Arbitrary union of closed set may be open
𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 2) which is connected
∴ option (b) is true and (c) is false
But if |𝑥| > |𝑥 − 4|
Now, to discard option (d)
Case –I

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8 IIT JAM Real Analysis – Previous Year Exam Question Book

𝑥 >𝑥−4 (b) 𝑥 3 − 1 ≥ 0
⇒ 0 > −4 satisfied for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) ≥ 0
Case-II: 𝑥 > −(𝑥 − 4) As 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 > 0
⇒ 2𝑥 > 4 ∴ (𝑥 − 1) > 0
⇒𝑥>2 ⇒𝑥>1
𝑥 ∈ (2, ∞) which is connected ∴ 𝑆 = (1, ∞), which is connected
(c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 1 ≥ 0
5. Solution: ∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 1
Given 𝑃 and 𝑄 are disjoint subsets of ℝ ∴ f is strictly increasing
(a) If 𝑃 and 𝑄 are compact ⇒ ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) cuts only once the x-axis
𝑃 and 𝑄 both are closed and bounded ∴ 𝑆 = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 1 ≥ 0} is connected
∴ (𝑃 ∪ 𝑄) is also closed and bounded (d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 + 1
∴ (𝑃 ∪ 𝑄) is compact ∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 2 = 0
∴ (a) is correct. 2
⇒ 𝑥 = ±√
3
(b) If, 𝑃 = [1,2] ∪ [3,4]
& 𝑄 = [2,3] ∪ [4,5] then P and Q are disconnected ∴ f has two critical points
But, P∪ 𝑄 = [1,5], which is connected Also, 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1)
√5+1 √5−1
∴ (b) is incorrect = (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 2
) (𝑥 −
2
)
(c) If, 𝑃 = {1}, 𝑄 = (1,2] then, P and 𝑃 ∪ 𝑄 both are ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 has two disconnected components
closed But, Q is not closed.
∴ Option (c) is incorrect 9. Solution:
1 (a) 𝑓1 (𝑥) = even degree polynomial
(d) If, 𝑃 = (1,2), 𝑄 = {2} then, (𝑃 ∪ 𝑄) and P are open
∴ 𝑓1 is closed and bounded beiow
but Q is not open
∴ Range (𝑓1 ) = [𝛼, ∞) of some 𝛼 ∈ ℝ
∴ (d) is also incorrect
∴ Range (𝑓1 ) is not open
(b) 𝑓2 (𝑥) = odd degree polynomial
6. Solution:
∴ Range (𝑓2 (𝑥)) = (−∞, ∞), which is open
As, 2018 is an interior point of 𝑆
∴ 𝑆 contains an interval (c) 𝑓3 (𝑥) = tan−1 (𝑥)
−𝜋 𝜋
∴ (a), (b) and (c) are correct ∴ Range (𝑓3 (𝑥)) = ( 2 , 2 ), which is open
But, if we take |𝛿 | < |0.002018|
Then, (d) is incorrect (d) Range (𝑓4 (𝑥)) = (−1,1) ∪ (1,2) ∪ (2,3) … ∪
(−1, −2) ∪ (−2, −3) ∪ … which is open.
7. Solution:
Given 𝑆 = (0,2] (NAT) Numerical Answer Type
𝑇 = [1,3)
∴ 𝑆\𝑇 = (0,1) 1. Solution:
∴ (𝑆\𝑇)0 = (0,1) 𝐴 = {𝑎 ∈ ℝ ∶ 𝑥 2 = 𝑎(𝑎 + 1)(𝑎 + 2) ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡}
Also, 𝑆\𝑇 = (0,1) = 𝑆 0 /𝑇 ∵ 𝑥2 ≥ 0
∴ (b) and (d) are correct ∴ 𝑎(𝑎 + 1)(𝑎 + 2) ≥ 0

8. Solution:
(a) as we know,
Infinitely many rational ∴ 𝑎 ∈ [−2, −1] ∪ [0, ∞)
Number between two irrational ∴ two connected components
∴ not connected ∴ A has two connected components

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 Chapter-1 Point Set Topology 9

2. Solution:
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝐿 = 2 lim cos (22) . cos (23) … . cos (2𝑛+1)
𝑛→∞
Result:- 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜶) . 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝜶) . 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝟐 𝜶) … . 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝒏 𝜶) =
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒏𝜶)
𝟐𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶
𝑛 𝜋
𝜋 sin(2 ∙2𝑛+1 )
𝐿=2 𝜋
2𝑛 .sin( 𝑛+1 )
2
𝜋
sin( ) 𝜋
2
= 𝜋
sin( 𝑛+1 ) 2𝑛+1
2
𝜋
( 𝑛+1 ) 𝜋
2
= 𝜋 ∙ sin 2
sin( 𝑛+1 )
2

= 1.1
=1

3. Solution:
1 2
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑛→∞ ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ sin(𝑛𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
1 2
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ sin(𝑛𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
Using integration by parts,
2 cosn 𝑥 1 1 2 cos 𝑛𝑥
𝐼 = [𝑒 𝑥 ∙ (− )] − ∫0 2𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 . (− ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑛 0 𝑛
2 1
𝑒 𝑥 ∙cosn 𝑥 2 1 2
⇒ 𝐼 = −[ ] + ∫0 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑛 𝑛
0
1 2 1 2
⇒ 𝐼 = − 𝑛 [𝑒 cos 𝑛 − 1] + 𝑛 ∫0 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 1 2
𝐼 = 𝑛 [(1 − 𝑒 cos 𝑛) + 2 ∫0 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 . cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ]
1 2
As, [(1 − 𝑒 cos 𝑛) + 2 ∫0 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 ∙ cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ] is
bounded
𝑘
∴ 𝐼 = 𝑛, where 𝑘 = bounded
∴ as 𝑛 → ∞
𝐿=0

4. Solution:
1⁄
lim (3𝑛 + 5𝑛 + 7𝑛 ) 𝑛
𝑛→∞
3 𝑛 5 𝑛 1⁄
lim 7 [1 + (7) + (7) ] 𝑛
𝑛→∞
= 7(1 + 0 + 0) = 7

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