M.
Mahaboob Basha Dept of Botany ::1:: Important Questions Bank
SR BOTANY – IMPORTANT QUESTIONS 2024-2025
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
UNIT-I : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (1Q 8M, 4Q 4M, 2Q 2M = 28M)
Transport in plants
1. What are Porins? What role do they play in diffusion? T.S.M24, A19,M18
2. Define water potential. What is the value of water potential of pure water?
3. Differentiate Osmosis from diffusion? A18,A17,M17,A15
4. Compare Transpiration and evaporation?
5. What are Apoplast and symplast? May 22 ,M19
6. How does guttation differ from transpiration? MAR 24 ,A16
7. What are physical factors responsible for the ascent of sap through xylem?
8. Does transpiration occur at night? Give example MAR 23.
9. How does ABA bring about the closure of stomata under water stress? M20
10. In the wake of transpiration loss, why do the C 4 plants are more than C3 plants?
11. Compare imbibing capacities of Pea and wheat seeds?
MINERAL NUTRITION
12. Define Hydroponics. T.S.M24, M14
13. How do you categorize a particular essential elements as a macro (or) micro
nutrient?
14. Name any two essential elements and deficiency diseases caused by them?
15. When is an essential element said to be deficient?
16. Name the role of the pink colour pigment in the root nodule of legume plants. What
is it called?
17. Which element is regarded as the 17th essential element? Name a disease caused
by its deficiency?
18. How are prosthetic grows different from co-factors?
ENZYMES
19. Why is meant by “Feedback inhibition”?
20. Distinguish between Apoenzyme and cofactor? A16,M14
21. What are competitive enzyme inhibitors? Give example. A14
22. What do the four digits of an enzyme code indicate. M19,A18,A17,M16
23. What is the Primary acceptor of CO2 in C4 plants ? What is the first compound formed
as a result of primary carboxylation in the C 4 pathway ? May 22 ,M18
24. What is the Primary acceptor of CO2 in C3 plants ? What is first stable compound
formed in a Calvin cycle ? A19
PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
25. Where does Photolysis of water occur? How. M20,M17,A14
26. Name the processor with take place in Grana and Stroma regions of Chloroplast.
27. Of the basic raw material of Photosynthesis, what is reduced and what is oxidized?
28. What is Action spectrum and Absorption Spectrum?MAR 23,M16
29. Define the law of limiting factors proposed by Blackman. MAR 24
RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
30.What is specific role of F0 – F1 particle?
31.What cellular organic substances are never used as respirators.
32.Why is the RQ of fats less than that of Carbohydrates?
33.Name the electron carriers of the respiratory electron transport chain in the inner
mitochondrial membrane.
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
34. Define Plasticity. Give an example?
35. What is Apical Dominance? Name the growth hormone that causes it?
36. Define Respiratory Climatic. Name the PGR associated with it?
STUDENTS SUCCESS SERIES
M.Mahaboob Basha Dept of Botany ::2:: Important Questions Bank
37. What is Vernalization. Write its significance.
38. Define the terms Quiescence and Dormancy. A15,M15
39. What is meant by Bolting. Which hormone causes bolting.
40. What is Ethephon. Write its role in agricultural practices?
UNIT-II : MICROBIOLOGY (1Q 4M, 1Q 2M = 6M)
Bacteria
1. What are bacteria. Which are involved in Nitrogen fixation?
2. Define Microbiology.
3. Name the bacteria common in human intestine. How it is used in biotechnology?A14
4. What are pleomorphic bacteria? Give example? A18,A17
5. What is sex pilus? What is its function?
6. What is a genophore? M19 May 22
7. What is Plasmid? What is its significance?
8. What is conjugation? Who discovered it and in which organism? MAR 23, A19,M17
9. What is transformation? Who discovered it and in which organism?M20,M24
10. What is transduction? Who discovered it and in which organism?M18,M16
viruses
11. What is prophage and temperate pages? Give one examples. A16
12. What is the shape of T4 phage? What is its genetic material? T.S.M24,
13. What are virulent phages? Give an example.
14. What is lysozyme? What its function?
15. Define “Lysis” and “Burst size” with reference to viruses?
16. Mention the difference between virulent phages and temperate phages. Give
examples?
17. What is shape of TMV? What is the genetic material?
18. What are pleomorphic bacteria with example? M14
19. What are transduction and transformation? Who discovered it and in which
organism? A15
20. What are temperate phages? Examples.
UNIT-III : GENETICS (1Q 4M, 1Q 2M = 6M)
1. What is the cross between the F1 progeny and the homozygous recessive parent?
How is it useful?
2. Explain the terms phenotype and genotype? MAR24T.S.M24,MAR23,A19,A17,M16,M14
3. What is Point mutation? Give example. M18,A18,A14
4. What is the genotype of wrinkled phenotype of pea seeds? A16,M15
5. Who proposed the chromosome theory of Inheritance? May22,M19,M17,M15
6. What is genetic nature of wrinkled phenotype of pea seeds M20
UNIT-IV : MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (1Q 4M, 2Q 2M = 8M)
1. What is the function of DNA polymerase?
2. Distinguish between heterochromatin and Euchromatin. Which of the two is
transcriptionally active M20 ,A18
3. Who proved that DNA is genetic material? What is the organism they worked A17
4. What are components of Nucleotides? A19,M18,M17,A15,A14, May 22
5. The sequence of cooling strand of DNA in a transcription unit is as follows 3’
AATGCAGCTATTAGG- 5’ write the sequence of (a) its complementary strand (b) the
mRNA A16
6. Why was DNA chosen over RNA as genetic material in the majority of organisms?
STUDENTS SUCCESS SERIES
M.Mahaboob Basha Dept of Botany ::3:: Important Questions Bank
7. Name any three viruses which have RNA as the genetic material. M16
8. What are the components of a transcription unit. MAR 24, MAR 23 M19,M16
9. What is the difference between Exons and Introns? A18
10. What is meant by copping and Tailing? MAR 24, MAR 23 A17
11. What is meant by charging of tRNA?
12. What is the function of the codon AUG. M20 M14, May 22
13. In a typical DNA molecule, the portion of Thymine is 30% of N bases. Find out the
percentages of other bases. A15,M14
14. What is the difference between template strand and cooling strand in DNA molecule?
A14
15. The proportion of nucleotides in a given nucleic acid are Adenine 18%, Guanine 30%,
Cytosine 42% and Uracil 10%. Name the nucleic acid and number of strands in M18
16. What is a regulator and a promoter?
17. Define Stop codon. Write codons. T.S.M24,M19,A15
18. Write any two chemical differences between DNA and RNA. T.S.M24,
M17,A16
19. If the base sequence of a codon in mRNA is 5’AUG–3’.What is the sequence of tRNA
pairing with it.
UNIT-V : BIOTECHNOLOGY (1Q 8M, 1Q 4M, 1Q 2M = 14M)
BIOTECH PRINCIPLES
1. Define Biotechnology?
2. What are molecular scissors? Where are they obtained from.M17
3. What is ECORI? How does it function?
4. What are cloning rectors? Give an example. M15,A15
5. What is recombinant DNA?
6. What is Palindromic sequence?
7. What is down-streaming processing? M19, A19, A17,A16,M16,A14
8. What is the full form of PCR? How is it useful in biotechnology? T.S.M24, MAR 23
9. How can you differentiate between Exonucleases and Endonucleases?MAR24
10. How does one visualize DNA on Agarose gel? M20 A18,M15
11. Name any two Artificially restricted plasmids? May 22
12.
BIOTECH APPLICATIONS
13. What is green revolution? Who is regarded as father of Green Revolution? A15
14. Give different types of crygenes and pests which are controlled by the proteins
encoded by these genes. MAR 23
15. PCR is useful tool for early diagnosis of an infectious disease. M18
16. Name the nematode that infects the roots of Tobacco plants? Name the strategy to
prevent to this infection? A19,A18,M16
17. For which variety of Indian rice, has a patient been field by USA company. May 22
18. Expand GMO. How is it different from a hybrid.
19. What is GEAC and what are its objectives. T.S.M24, M18,A17,M15,M14
20. Give one example for each of transgenic plants which are suitable for food
processing and those with improved nutritional quality.M20,A16
21. Can a disease be detected before its symptoms appear? Explain the principle
involved? MAR 24 M19,M17
UNIT-VI : PLANTS MICROBES AND HUMAN WELFARE (1Q 8M, 3Q 2M =
14M)
STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION
STUDENTS SUCCESS SERIES
M.Mahaboob Basha Dept of Botany ::4:: Important Questions Bank
1. What is meant by hidden hunger? MAR 24 ,A19,A16
2. Name two dwarf varieties of rice developed in India.M20
3. Give two examples of wheat varieties introduced in India? M18
4. Give two examples of fungi used in SCP production. MAR 23,M19,A17,M17,A15,M15
5. Define totipotency and explants?
6. Define micropropagation and soma cloves.
7. What is meant by germ plasm collection?
8. What is meant by Biofortification?
9. What is Emasculation? Why and when it is done.
10. Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus free plants and why?
11. Which two species of sugarcane were crossed for better yield. A18
12. What are formentors? T.S.M24, A18,A17,M14, May 22
MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE
13. Name a microbe used for statin production. How do stations lower blood cholesterol
level. MAR 23 M15
14. Name any two genetically modified crops.
15. Which species of Penicillium produces Roqu.
16. Name two industrially important enzymes? M19,M17, May 22
17. Name an immune suppressive agent? M16
18. What is the group of bacteria found in the rumen of cattle and sludge?
19. Name the scientist who credited for showing the role of Penicillin as antibiotic? A16
20. Why does “Swiss cheese” have big holes? Name the bacteria for it? T.S.M24, M20,
M18,M16,A14
21. Write the important characters that Aspergillus niger, clostridium butylicum and
lactobacillus share?
22. What is Nucleopolyhedro virus is being used for now-a-days. MAR 24,A19,M15
23. What group of bacteria found in both the rumen of cattle and sludge of sewage
treatment.
24. In which food would you find lactic acid bacteria. Name the bacterium.
25. Name any two fungi which are used in production of antibiotics.
26. Give two important contributions of Dr M.S. Swaminathan.
27. Why is distillation required for producing certain alcoholic drinks?
28. Give any two microbes that are useful in biotechnology. M14
29. Which species of penicillium produces Roquefort cheese.
30. Name an immune suppressive agent.
4 MARKS QUESTIONS
UNIT-I : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (1Q 8M, 4Q 4M, 2Q 2M = 28M)
TRANSPORT IN PLANT
1. Define and explain Water Potential ?
M19,M18
2. How does ascent of Sap occur in tall trees
A19,M15
3. What is meant by Plasmolysis ? How isit practically use plant? MAR 24 MAR 23
M16,A15
4. Explain the mechanism of Opening and Closing of Storsate ? T.S.M24,
5. “Transpiration is necessary evil”. Explain.M20A18,A17,M17,M14 May 22
6. Explain pressure flow hypothesis of translocation of sugars in plants?
A16
MINERAL NUTRITION
7. Explain the steps involved in the formation of root nodules in legumes. MAR 24
MAR23 A19,M19,M18,A18,M17,A15,M14
8. Explain how Plant synthesize Amino acids ? A17,M16
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M.Mahaboob Basha Dept of Botany ::5:: Important Questions Bank
9. Explain the nitrogen cycle, giving relevant examples ?M20,A16
10. Explain in brief how plants absorb essential elements ?
ENZYMES
11. Write briefly about enzyme inhibitors. T.S.M24, MAR 23, A19,M19,M18,A17,M17,M15
12. Explain the mechanism of enzyme action M20
13. Explain different types of Co-factors MAR 24,May 22,A18,M16,A15,
PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS
14. Explain the structure of the chloroplast. Draw a neat labeled diagram. T.S.M24,
A16,M14, May 22
15. Tabulate any eight differences between C 3 plants and C4 plants
M15
16. Define C4 pathway. Describe Photo respiration.
17. With the help of diagram explain briefly the process of cyclic photo-
phosphorylation.M14
RESPIRARION IN PLANTS
18. Write about two ATP yielding reactions of Glycolysis
19. The net gain of ATP for the complete aerobic oxidation of glucose is 36. Explain
20. Explain various complexes involved in electron structure.
21. Why is the respiratory path way reffered as an Amphibolic pathway. Explain ?
22. With the help of diagram explain briefly the process of cyclic photo-phosphorylation.
23. Define RQ. Write short notes on RQ.
A15
24. Describe briefly process of Fermentation?
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
25. Write a note on agricultural, horticultural applications of auxins.
A19,A18,M17,A14,M14May22
26. Write physiological responses of Gibberellins in plants. MAR 24 T.S.M24, M19,A16
27. Write any four physiological effects of cytokinins in plants.
M18,A17,M16
28. What are the physiological processes that are regulated by Ethylene in plants.
M20,M15
29. Write short notes on seed dormancy.
A15
30. Explain pressure flow hypothesis of translocation of sugars in plants.
31. Which one of plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to induce
rooting in a twig b) quickly ripen fruit c) delay of leaf senescence d) induce growth in
axillary buds e) Bolt of rosette f) induce immediate stomatal closure in leaves g)
overcome apical dominance h) kill dicotyledons weeds MAR 23
UNIT-II : MICROBIOLOGY (1Q 4M, 1Q 2M = 6M)
BACTERIA
1. How are bacteria classified on basis of number of distribution of flagella.
2. What are the Nutritional groups of bacteria based on their source of energy and
carbon. M15
3. Classify bacteria on the basis of number and distribution of Flagella
4. Explain conjugation in Bacteria. T.S.M24,A16
VIRUSES
5. Explain chemical structure of Viruses M20
6. Explain the structure of T.M.V M18,A17,M14, May 22
7. Explain the structure of T-even bacterio phages
A19,A18,M17,A15,M14
8. Explain the lytic cycle with reference to certain viruses? MAR 24 M19, M16
9. Mention the differences between lytic and lysogenic cycle.
10. What is ICTV? How are viruses named? MAY 2023
STUDENTS SUCCESS SERIES
M.Mahaboob Basha Dept of Botany ::6:: Important Questions Bank
UNIT-III : GENETICS (1Q 4M, 1Q 2M = 6M)
1. Mention the advantages of selecting pea plant for experiment by Mendel. MAR 23
M18,M17,A15,M14
2. Differentiate between the following :
3. a) Dominant & Recessive b) Homozygous & Heterozygous c) Monohybrid &
Dihybrid M20
4. Explain the law of Dominance using a monohybrid cross. MAR 24
M19,A19,A18,A17,M15
5. Define and design a Test cross. A16,M16 May 22
6. Explain the following terms with examples
7. a) Co-dominance b) Incomplete dominanceT.S.M24,
8. Write short notes on chromosomal mutations and Gene mutations.
9. Define law of segregation and law of Independent assortment.
10. With the help of example differentiate between incomplete dominance and
codominance. A14
UNIT-IV : MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (1Q 4M, 2Q 2M = 8M)
1. Define transformation in Griffith’s experiment. Discuss how it helps in the
identification of DNA at genetic material?
2. What is the contribution of George Gamow H.G. Khoran, Marshall Nerenburg in genetic
code.
3. What are the chemical differences between DNA and RNA? M20,A19,A18,M14
4. Draw the schematic/diagramatic presentation of the Lac Operan
A19,M15
5. Write important features of Genetic code. T.S.M24, M17,A15
6. Discuss the significance of heavy isotope nitrogen in Messeloon one stah’s
experience.
7. How many types of RNA polymerase exist in cells ? Write their names one functions
8. Write briefly on Nucleosomes.
M19, A17
9. Write the important features of genetic Code? MAR 24, MAR 23,May 22, M16,
A16,M18,
10. Describe the sequential steps in the replication of a DNA molecule.
UNIT-V : BIOTECHNOLOGY (1Q 8M, 1Q 4M, 1Q 2M = 14M)
BIOTECH PRINCIPLES
1. Write short notes on restriction enzymes.
2. What are different methods of insertion of recombinant DNA into host cell?
3. Give an account of amplification of gene of interest using PCR. What is a bioreactor?
Describe briefly the stirring type of bioreactor.
BIOTECH APPLICATIONS
4. List out the beneficial aspects of transgenic plants MAR24, MAR 23,
M19,M18,A18,A17,A16,A15,A14
5. Short notes on Bt cotton, pest resistant plants. T.S.M24, M20 M15
6. What are some biosafety issues concerned with genetically modified crops?
A19,M17,M16,M14 , May 22
8 MARKS QUESTIONS
UNIT-I : PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (1Q 8M, 4Q 4M, 2Q 2M = 28M)
1. In the light of moderate researches describe the process of Electron transport, cyclic
and Noncyclic photo phosphorylation.
2. Explain the reactions of calvin cycle.
A15
STUDENTS SUCCESS SERIES
M.Mahaboob Basha Dept of Botany ::7:: Important Questions Bank
3. Explain the reactions of Krebs |TCA| citric acid cycle. T.S.M24,
A19,M19,M17,M16,A16,A14,M14,May 22 MAR 23
4. Give an account of Glycolysis.M20 MAR 24 M18,A18,A17,M15
UNIT-V : BIOTECHNOLOGY (1Q 8M, 1Q 4M, 1Q 2M = 14M)
1. Explain briefly the various process of r-DNA technology.
A19,M18,M17,M16,A16,A15,M15,A14,M14, May 22,MAR 24
2. Give an account of tools of r-DNA technology. T.S.M24, M20,M19,A18,A17,MAR23
UNIT-VI : PLANTS MICROBES AND HUMAN WELFARE (1Q 8M, 3Q 2M =
14M)
1. What is plant breeding and explain various steps involved to release a new variety.
MAR 24 M18,A17,15,14
2. Describe the tissue culture technique. What are the advantages of tissue culture
over conventional method of plant breeding in crop improvement programmes?
T.S.M24, M20,M19,A19 May 22,MAR 23
SR BOTANY IPE BLUE PRINT
UNITS VSAQ SAQ LAQ MARKS
UNIT 1 2×2=4 4×4=16 8×1=8 28MARKS
UNIT 2 2×1=2 4×1=4 6MARKS
UNIT 3 2×1=2 4×1=4 6MARKS
UNIT 4 2×2=4 4×1=4 8MARKS
UNIT 5 2×1=2 4×1=4 8×1=8 14MARKS
UNIT 6 2×3=6 8×1=8 14MARKS
10Q 8Q
3Q 76 MARKS
STUDENTS SUCCESS SERIES
