PLANT TAXONOMY &
PLANT NOMENCLATURE
Introduction:
» There are approximately |3 billion known species of
organisms as on date on Earth.
» But this mammoth number just represents | 5% of
life that has ever lived on Earth.
» This eventually means that new organisms are found
everyday.
» But there should be some system which classifies
and names these plants which 1s endorsed by
“PLANT TAXONOMY ¢ PLANT NOMENCLATURE”.
Plant Taxonomy & Nomenclature:
» Plant taxonomy Is the science that finds, dentifies,
describes, classifies, and groups plants.
» Botanical nomenclature 1s the formal, scientific
naming of plants.
» Though the above topics seems to be synonymous
with each other they differ from one other such as
the plant taxonomy 1s concerned with grouping and
classifying plants whereas botanical nomenclature
then provides names for the results of this
process.,
Plant Taxonomy:
» Plant Taxonomy I1s an empirical science that determines
what constitutes a particular taxon (e.g. “Which plant
belongs to which species? and “Which species belong
to which genus?",
» Two goals of plant taxonomy are
= |dentification of plants
= Classification of plants
Plant Identification 15 the
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PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND PLANT PROCESSES
Plant Taxonomy and Plant Nomenclature
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PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND PLANT PROCESSES
Plant Taxonomy and P lant Nomenclature
Classification Systems:
» The classification of plants under Plant Taxonomy 1s
based on several systems under several time periods
such as the following:
= APG system (first version of a modern,
mostly molecular-based, system of plant
taxonomy)
= APG Il system (revised)
= APG lll system (further revised)
= Bessey system (used the same names for the
subclasses of both monocotyledons and
dicotyledons, this 1s contrary to contemporary
rules on plant nomenclature that require names
to be unique)
|#6
Classification Systems:
= Cronquist system (taxonomic classification
system of flowering plants)
* Melchior system (classification system detailing
the taxonomic system of the Angiospermae)
» Scientific classification, which 1s the predominantly
used system follows a system of rules that
standardizes the results, and groups successive
categories into a hierarchy.
Scientific Classification:
Biological classification, or
scientific classification Ig
Biology, 15 a method of
scientific taxonomy used to
group and categorize organisms
into groups such as genus or
species. These groups are
known as taxa.
Modern biological classification
has its root in the work of Carl
Linnaeus, who grouped species
according to shared physical
characteristics.
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PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND PLANT PROCESSES
Plant Taxonomy and Plant Nomenclature
Scientific Classification:
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PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND PLANT PROCESSES
Plant Taxonomy and Plant Nomenclature
Scientific Classification:
The plant kingdom 1s divided into the following Phylum based
on their vascular and reproductive characteristics such as:
W3 [ Bryophyta: Mosses
02 Hepatophyta: Liverworts
B Anthosphyta: Hornworts
04. Lycophyta: Club mosses
05. Psilophyta: Whisk Ferns
o6. Equisetophyta: Horsetails
0%, Pterophyta: Ferns
08. Cycadophyta: Cycads
09, Ginkgophyta: Ginkgo
O Coniferophyta: Conifers
Y Gnetophyta: Ephedra, Gnetum, Welwitschia
j2, Angiospermophyta: Seeded Plants #11
Classification of Plant Kingdom:
Though the plant kingdom 15 Scientifically divided into the
above, they can be easily grouped and classified under the
following:
* Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms,
Angisoperms
The classification 1s based on the following criteria:
* Plant body: Presence or absence of a well-differentiated
plant body. E.g. Root, Stem and Leaves.
* Vascular system: Presence or absence of a vascular
system for the transportation of water and other
substances. E.qg. Phloem and Xylem.
* Seed formation: Presence or absence of flowers and
seeds and If the seeds are naked or enclosed n a fruit. | #12]
Classification of Plant Kingdom:
The plant vascular
system 15 a complicated
network of conducting
tissues that
interconnects all organs
and transports water,
minerals, nutrients,
organic compounds, and
various signaling
molecules throughout
Wm‘l' ; \ the plant body.
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PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND PLANT PROCESSES
Plant Taxonomy and Plant Nomenclature
Classification of Plant Kingdom:
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Cryplogamae Phanerogomae
(Non-flowering and Non-seed Bearing) {Flowering and sSeed Bearing)
| | | A
Thallophyta Bryophyla Pleridophyta Gymnospermae Anglospermoe
(plant Body Not Have False Roofs, True Rools and Leaves Noked Seeds (Seeds in o Fruif)
diferentialed Info Root, Leaves. Spores are present. Spores Borne on
stem ond Leaf) Produced in a Capsule’ the under-surface of the
Leaf
Algaoe - Autofropic. Conlain
=% Chiorophyll
Monocot
Fungi - Parasitic or saprophytic. One seeded
Non-green and Do Nol Have
Chiorophyll
Uchens - Symbiotic Union of Algae
and Fungi
Thallophyta:
" The Thallophytes are a polyphyletic group
of non-mobile organisms traditionally
described as "thalloid plants', "relatively
simple plants" or "lower plants'.
*"They are generally defined as having
undifferentiated bodies (thalli), as
opposed to cormophytes (Cormophyta)
with roots and stems.
"They have a hidden reproductive system R
and hence they are also calledf
Cryptogamae (together with ferns), as "
opposed to Fhanerogamae.
Thallophyta:
*"Examples include green algae, red algae and brown algae.
Common examples are Volvox, Fucus, Spirogyra, Chara,
Polysiphonia, Ulothrix, etc.
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Thallophytes: Primitive plants where the body 1s not differentiated into stem,
roots and leaves l #16 |
Bryophyta:
"Bryophyte refer to all embryophytes
(land plants) that do not have true
vascular tissue and are therefore
called "non-vascular plants".
*Some bryophytes do have specialized
tissues for the transport of water;
however since these do not contan
lignin, they are not considered to be
true vascular tissue.
" Bryophytes produce enclosed
reproductive structures (gametangia
and sporanga), but they produce
neither flowers glely Seeds,
reproducing via spores.
PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND PLANT PROCESSES
Plant Taxonomy and Plant Nomenclature
Bryophyta:
" Bryophyta includes mosses, hornworts and liverworts. Some
of the common examples are Marchantia, Funaria, Sphagnum,
Antheoceros, etc.
PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND PLANT PROCESSES
Plant Taxonomy and Plant Nomenclature
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