IOP Conference Series:

Materials Science and

Engineering

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS You may also like

- Compact microstrip monopole antenna
Design of 5.8 GHz Integrated Antenna on 180nm with Enhanced Gain using Artificial
Magnetic Conductor (AMC)
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor M. Abu, S. A. Md. Ali and H. Asha’ri

- Analysis high gain waveguide slot antenna

(CMOS) Technology 2.3 GHz for Long Term Evolution-Time
Division Duplex (LTE-TDD)
N F A Hakim, T Hariyadi, A B Pantjawati et
To cite this article: A H A Razak et al 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 341 012015 al.

- A Single Plane Low profile Patch Antenna

-Shaped Slots and Low Side Lobe Level
for Directive Wireless Communications
Safa N. Nafea
View the article online for updates and enhancements.

This content was downloaded from IP address 105.98.155.183 on 25/11/2024 at 20:07

International Conference on Applied Electronic and Engineering 2017 (ICAEE2017) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 341 (2018) 012015 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/341/1/012015
1234567890‘’“”

Design of 5.8 GHz Integrated Antenna on 180nm

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
Technology

A H A Razak, M I A Shamsuddin, M F M Idros, A K Halim, A Ahmad and S A

M Al Junid
Electronics Architecture and Application (EArA) Research Group, Faculty of
Electrical Engineering (FKE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor

Email: [email protected]

Abstract. This project discusses the design and simulation performances of integrated loop
antenna. Antenna is one of the main parts in any wireless radio frequency integrated circuit
(RFIC). Naturally, antenna is the bulk in any RFIC design. Thus, this project aims to
implement an integrated antenna on a single chip making the end product more compact. This
project targets 5.8 GHz as the operating frequency of the integrated antenna for a transceiver
module based on Silterra CMOS 180nm technology. The simulation of the antenna was done
by using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). This software is industrial standard
software that been used to simulate all electromagnetic effect including antenna simulation.
This software has ability to simulate frequency at range of 100 MHz to 4 THz. The simulation
set up in 3 dimension structure with driven terminal. The designed antenna has 1400um of
diameter and placed on top metal layer. Loop configuration of the antenna has been chosen as
the antenna design. From the configuration, it is able to make the chip more compact. The
simulation shows that the antenna has single frequency band at center frequency 5.8 GHz with
-48.93dB. The antenna radiation patterns shows, the antenna radiate at omnidirectional. From
the simulation result, it could be concluded that the antenna have a good radiation pattern and
propagation for wireless communication.

1. Introduction
System-on-Chip (SoC) is an implementation of a system into a chip. It is integrating all components of
a computer or electronic system into a single chip. This makes the chip have compact design. Thus, it
will reduce the size of the device to become smaller and the device shall able to attach to living things.
The aim of this project is to design an integrated antenna which will allow human to wear in their
daily life. The size of the antenna has been set less then 2mm. The guideline of antenna sizing is based
on the size of a die and Silterra CMOS 180nm technology. Loop antenna configuration has been
chosen as antenna configuration. The configuration criteria are based on integrated circuit level
component such as inductor and capacitor. The component structure may need to use same layer
structure as antenna. The design geometry is revealed in figure 1.

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
International Conference on Applied Electronic and Engineering 2017 (ICAEE2017) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 341 (2018) 012015 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/341/1/012015
1234567890‘’“”

Figure 1. Top view of loop antenna for integration with active devices.

This project designed a 5.8 GHz loop configuration antenna on chip antenna. The frequency of the
antenna been chosen based on unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical Band (ISM Band). Below
shows ISM band table 1:

Table 1. Range of frequency of ISM Band and it availability [1].

Frequency Range Bandwidth Centre Frequency
Availability
(GHz) (MHz) (GHz)
2.400 2.500 100 2.450 Worldwide
5.725 5.875 150 5.800 Worldwide
24.00 24.25 250 24.13 Worldwide
61.00 61.50 500 61.25 Subject to local acceptance

The simulation of the antenna was done by using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
This software is industrial standard software that been used to simulate all electromagnetic effect
including antenna simulation. This software has ability to simulate frequency at range of 100 MHz to
4 THz. The simulation set up in 3 dimension structure with driven terminal.

1.1. Theory of antenna

The antenna is the main part of any wireless device, where without a proper design of the antenna, it
will affect the transmitted and received data. Antenna is a device to convert an electric signal into a
radio signal. The antenna will radiate energy from the signal into electromagnetic waves through the
air. In this project, loop antenna will be used as the antenna design. Advantages of using loop antenna
design; is that it has the same characteristics as dipole and monopole antenna. It is a simple design and
hence less hassle for the designer with the design complexity. It also has a variety of shapes; circular,
rectangular and elliptical. Frequency and wavelength can be described as below:

(1)

Where
= wavelength of frequency
c = constant speed of light
f = frequency

From the equation (1), the wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency. The highest value of
frequency, the smallest wavelength will be produce. Based on the wavelength of the frequency, the
size of the antenna will be affected. The size of the antenna is directly proportional to wavelength.
Size of full wave antenna is /4.

2
International Conference on Applied Electronic and Engineering 2017 (ICAEE2017) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 341 (2018) 012015 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/341/1/012015
1234567890‘’“”

1.2. Substrate layer of antenna

Substrate layer of antenna is a very important part in designing antenna. Different dielectric material
will form different frequency and radiation pattern for the antenna. Therefore, to design on-chip
antenna it is a very important step to create layer of the die based on manufactory specification or
technology. By follow the manufacturer specification, the output result of the antenna will produce
approximate value for the practical design. Below shows the diagram of substrate layer of die and
table of layer parameters:

Figure 2. Top view of loop antenna with dimension [2].

Table 2. Substrate layer of CMOS018 Technology [2].

Layer Thickness (um) Dielectric Constant
STI 0.309 4.2
OD 0.1079 4.2
POLY 0.2 0
ILDA 0.06 7.5
ILDB 0.6 4.2
METAL1 0.53 0
IMD1a 0.67 3.7
IMD1b 0.18 4.2
METAL2 0.53 0
IMD2a 0.67 3.7
IMD2b 0.18 4.2
METAL3 0.53 0
IMD3a 0.67 3.7
IMD3b 0.18 4.2
METAL4 0.53 0
IMD4a 0.67 3.7
IMD4b 0.18 4.2
METAL5 0.53 0
IMDTOPa 0.55 3.7
IMDTOPb 0.3 4.2
METAL6 2.39 0
PASS1 0.9 4.2
PASS2 0.5 7.5
AIR 40 1

3
International Conference on Applied Electronic and Engineering 2017 (ICAEE2017) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 341 (2018) 012015 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/341/1/012015
1234567890‘’“”

2. Methodology
In this section, it shows 2 main set up of project. First section it shows the dimension of antenna and
lastly simulation set up.

2.1. Dimension of antenna

Right dimension of antenna may produce a good result. The good result is referring to centre
frequency of the antenna, radiation pattern of antenna and etc. Below shows dimension of the antenna
in micron:

Figure 3. Top view of loop antenna with dimension.

2.2. Simulation set up

In this section shows simulation set up for this project. There are two set up that have been
implemented. The set up are terminal driven of the antenna and simulation setup. Below shows the
driven terminal set up:

Figure 4. Top view of loop antenna with driven terminal.

4
International Conference on Applied Electronic and Engineering 2017 (ICAEE2017) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 341 (2018) 012015 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/341/1/012015
1234567890‘’“”

From the figure above, the antenna has been set up as 2 port network system. The simulation had
been set up as interpolating frequency sweep from 0.1GHz to 10GHz with 0.1GHz setup. This
procedure is done to allocate the frequency range of the antenna.

3. Result and Discussion

Based on simulation set up above, result and findings obtained as shown in figure 5.

Figure 5. 3D of Integrated Antenna Layout in HFSS.

From the figure above shows antenna model set up in HFSS. The outer ring in the figure is a guide
for 2mm size of a die. All result of the simulation for the antenna as shown in figure 6, below:

Figure 6. S11 plot Graph of the simulation.

From the figure 6 above shows the frequency drop of the antenna at 5.8 GHz with -48.93dB. From
the result the antenna has met the targeted value. Figure 7 shows a graph of total gain of the antenna
and radiation pattern:

5
International Conference on Applied Electronic and Engineering 2017 (ICAEE2017) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 341 (2018) 012015 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/341/1/012015
1234567890‘’“”

Figure 7. Total Gain of the antenna.

Figure 8. Radiation Pattern.

Figure 7 above shows the total gain of the antenna at phi equal to 0o is -48.19dB, while at phi equal
to 90othe value drop at -46.61dB. The value shows different of -1.58dB at phi equal to 0o and 90o. For
the radiation pattern graph in figure 8 shows two different degrees of phi 0 o and 90o and the lowest
magnitude is -48.08 at angle -18.

4. Conclusion
The project presents a design of On-Chip Integrated Antennas for Biomedical Application. Designing
integrated antenna into die may reduce the size of device and the size of integrated circuits may have
more compact design. The simulation shows that the antenna has single frequency band at center
frequency 5.8 GHz with -48.93dB. The antenna radiation patterns shows, the antenna radiate at

6
International Conference on Applied Electronic and Engineering 2017 (ICAEE2017) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 341 (2018) 012015 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/341/1/012015
1234567890‘’“”

omnidirectional. From the simulation result, it could be concluded that the antenna has a good
radiation pattern and propagation for wireless communication.

5. Acknowledgment
Appreciation to the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) that provide the academic research training
and also Ministry of education for supporting this research through Research Grant Scheme (RAGS)
[File No: 600-RMI/RAGS 5/3 (195/2014)]. Not forgotten our thanks to Silterra Technology for access
to their CMOS technology and CEDEC that provide a great training session.

References
[1] General Secretariat of ITU, Radio Regulation, International Telecommunication Union, Edition
of 2012.
[2] Jazril bin Jamil Din and S.Madhanaraj, CMOS18 Electrical Design Rules, Silterra Kulim High
Tech, Malaysia Edition of 2012.
[3] A. Shamin, 24 GHz Integrated Differential Antenna in Digital Bulk Silicon, Carleton University,
Ottawa, Canada June 2004.
[4] Zhai Mingwei, Development of Integrated Multi-band Antenna for GSM and GPS Applications,
Nayang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore
[5] Ansoft Corporation, User’s Guide – High Frequency Structure Simulator, Edition of 2005.
[6] Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition.
[7] R. Hasse, W.Hunsicker and K. Naishadham, Analysis and Design of a Partitioned Circular
Loop Antenna for Omni-directional Radiation, Georgia Tech Research Institude, Georgia
Institute of technology, Atlanta, Georgia
[8] T. Sasamori, T. Tobana and Y. Isota, Input Impedance Measurement for Balanced Antenna by
S-parameter Method, Akita Prefectual University, Japan.
[9] M. Kozlov and R. Turner, A Comparison of Ansoft HFSS and CST Microwave Studio
Simulation Software for Multi-channel Coil Design and SAR Estimation at 7T MRI, Max Planck
Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany.
[10] Minh Thuy Le, Design of high gain antenna at 5.8GHz Using Metamaterials Structure, IMEP-
LAHC, Grenoble Inst. of Technol. (GINP), Grenoble, France