3.

TANGGA TAK BERGOYANG

12cm
30 cm

20 cm
m

q 36,05 cm

20
α = arc = 33,69 
30
Beban mati: Beton = 2400 kg/m3
Adukan 1 cm = 21 kg /m2
Keramik = 24 kg/m2
Beban hidup ql = 300 kg/m2

Beban mati pada tanjakan

1
Berat beton anak tangga = . 0,2 . 0,3 . 2400 . 1 = 72 kg/bh
2
Adukan 3cm & keramik = (0,2 + 0,3)1 (3x21 + 24) = 43,5 kg/bh
= 115,5 kg/bh
1
Anak tangga / m’ = . 115,5 = 320,38 kg/m’ ( batang miring )
0,3605
Beban berat sendiri pelat = 0,12 . 2400 . 1 . = 288 kg/m'
= 608 kg/m'

37
 Beban mati pada bordes
Beban pada pelat = 0,12 . 2400 . 1 = 288 kg/m'
Adukan 3 cm & keramik = (3 x 21 + 24 ).1 = 87 kg/m'
= 375 kg/m'
Beban hidup 300 Kg/m2 = 300.1 = 300 kg/m

Beban terfaktor
Pada bordes = 1,2 . 375 + 1,6 . 300 = 930 kg/m
Pada tanjakan = 1,2 . 608 + 1,6 . 300 = 1210 kg/m

930 kg/m’

1210 kg/m’
2 EI
3

EI 2m

1 3m 2m

o Kekakuan o Faktor Distribusi

K12 3.1 0,832
= = 0,832 u 21 = = 0,357
EI 13 2,332

K 23 3.1 1,5
= =1,5 u 23 = = 0,643
EI 2 2,332

o Momen Primer
1
M 210 = − .x1210 / cos 33,69 x32 = −1636 kgm
8
1
M 230 = .930.2 2 = 465 kgm
8
38
 o Distribusi (kgm)

0,643
0,357

-1636 465
418 753
-1218 1218

o Free Body M23 =1218 kgm

X
930 Kg/m’

V32=321 kg

930 kg/m’

1210 kg/m’ H32 = 6189,0375 kg

X

V32=321 kg

2m

H12 = - 6189,0375 kg

V12= 5901,06 kg 3m 2m

o Gaya ujung Batang

930.2 1
V32 = − (1218) = 321 kg ()
2 2
V12 = 930x2 + 1210x3,605 – 321 = 5901,05 kg ()
1
H32 = (-321x5 + 930x2x4 +1210x3.605x1,5)
2
= 6189,0375kg ()
39
 H12 = - 6189,0375 kg ()
o Kontrol

930 kg/m’
1210 kg/m’ H32 = 6189,0375 kg
X
V32=321 kg

x / Cos ⍺
2m

q
x tan ⍺

H12=-6189,0375 kg
V12=5901,05 kg 3m 2m

M 1 =0
= 321x5 + 6189,0375x2 – 930x2 (1+3) – 1210x3,605x1,5
= 0 OK

Jadi reaksi perletakan

V1 =5901,05 kg ( ) V3 = 321 kg ( )
H1 = - 6189,0375 kg ( ) H3 = 6189,05 kg ( )

H12 II

 H12
q II V12 II
H1⊥
 
q⊥ V12⊥

q V12

40
 qII = q sin  = 1210xsin 33,69˚ = 671,19 kg/m'
q┴ = q cos  = 1210x cos 33,69˚ = 1006,78 kg/m'
H12 II = H12 . cos α = - 6168,0375xcos 33,69˚ = -5149,59kg
H12 ┴ = H12 . sin α = - 6168,0375xsin 33,69˚ = -3433,05kg

V12 II = V12 . sin α = 5901,05xsin 33,69˚ = 3273,31kg

V12 ┴ = V12 . cos α = 5901,05xcos 33,69˚ = 4909,97 kg

o Gaya Dalam
Batang 1 – 2
N1 = H12 II - V12 II = - 5149,59 – 3273,31 = -8422,9 kg
N2 = -8422,9 + qII x 3,603 = -6004,6 kg

Q1 = V12 ┴ + H12 ┴ = 4909,97 + (-3433,05) = 1476,92 kg

Q2 = 1474,92 - q ┴x3,605 = 1476,92 – 1006,78x3,605 =-2152,52 kg

Mx = V12 (X) + H12 (X tan α) – q.(X/cosα)1/2(.X) (0<=X<=3m)

= 5901,05(X) – 6169,0375(Xtanα) – 1210(X/cosα)(X/2)
= 1775,035X – 727,12X2
dM X
= 1775,035 – 1454,24X = 0
dX
x = 1,22 m dari 1
Mmax = 1775,035. (1,22) – 727,12 . (1,22)2
= 1083,30 kgm

Batang 2 - 3
N3 = - H3 = -6189,0375 kg
N2 = - 6189,0375 kg

Q3 = - V3 = - 321 kg
Q2 = -321 + 930x2 = 1539 kg
321
x = = 0,35 m dari 3
930
Mmax = 321 . (0,35) – 1/2 . 930 . (0,35)2
= 55,38 kgm

41
BIDANG GAYA NORMAL
6189,0375 6189,0375
6004,6
-

-
8422,9

N (kg)

BIDANG GAYA LINTANG

1539
X= 0,35 m
+

- 321

X= 1,22 m 2152,52

1476,92
+
Q (kg)

BIDANG MOMEN 1218

1218
X= 0,35 m
-
-
+
55,40

X= 1,22 m

1083,3
42
 Contoh lain tangga tak bergoyang M (kgm)

1210 kg/m’
3

2m

q
930 kg/m’

f
1 2 -6189,0375 kg
930 kg/m’
V32= 5901,05 kg

V12= 321 kg
-1218 kgm

H12 =6189,0375 kg

V12= 321 kg
2m 3m

930.2 1
V12 = + (−1218) = 321 kg ()
2 2
V32 = 930x2 + 1210x3,605 - 321 = 5901,05 kg

1
H32 = (-5901,05x5 + 1210x3.605x3,5 + 930x2x1) =
2
= -6189,0375 kg ()
H12 = - H32 = 6189,0375 kg ()

43
 Kontrol

-6189,0375 kg
1210 kg/m’
5901,05 kg

930 kg/m’

6189,0375kg

321 kg

ΣM1 =0
= 5901,05x5 +(-6189,0375)x2 – 1210x3,605x3,5 -930x2x1
= 0 OK
Jadi reaksi perletakan

V1 = 321 kg ( )

H1 = 6189,0375 kg ( )

V3 = 5901,05 kg ( )

H3 = - 6189,0375 kg ( )

H 3 II

 H3
q II V3 II
H 3⊥
 
q⊥ V3 ⊥

q V3

44
qII = q sin  = 1210xsin 33,69˚ = 671,19 kg/m'
q┴ = q cos  = 1210x cos 33,69˚ = 1006,78 kg/m'

V3 II = V3 . sin α = 5901,05 x sin 33,69˚ = 3273,31kg

V3 ┴ = V3 . cos α = 5901,05 x cos 33,69˚ = 4909,97 kg

H3 II = H3 . cos α = - 6189,05xcos 33,69˚ = -5149,56 kg

H3 ┴ = H3 . sin α = - 6189,05xsin 33,69˚ = -3433,03 kg

Batang 3 – 2
N3 = V3 II – H3 II = 3173,31 – (- 5149,56) = 8422,77 kg
N2 = 9987,2 - 671,19 x 3,603 = 6003,13 kg

Q3 = -V3 ┴ - H3 ┴ = - 4909,97 - (-3433,03) = - 1476,94 kg

Q2 = -1476,94 + 1006,78 x 3,605 = 2152,52kg
Q3 1476,94
x = = = 1,47 m
q⊥ 1006,78

Mmax = 1476,94 x 1,47 x – 1006,78 .1/2 . 1,47 2

= 1359,21 kgm

Batang 1 - 2
N1 = H1 = 6189,05kg
N2 = 6189,05 Kg

Q1 = V1 = 321 kg
Q2 = 321 - 930 x 2 = - 1539 kg
321
x = = 0,345 m
930
Mmax = 321 . (0,345) – 1/2 . 930 . (0,345)2
= 55,40 kgm

45
BIDANG GAYA NORMAL

8422,77

+
6189,0375
6003,13
N (kg)

BIDANG GAYA LINTANG X = 1.47 m

-
1476,94

2152,52
+
321
+

-
Q (kg)
1539

BIDANG MOMEN
X= 1,47 m

1218
1218 1006,78
X= 0,345 m
-
-

+
55,40
M (kgm)
46