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BIOLOGY
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.)

Biology
Paper 2

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
 Write your name and index number in the spaces provided.
 Answer all the questions in Section A in the spaces provided.
 In section B answer questions 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided

For Examiner’s Use Only:

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7 20
8 20
TOTAL 80

This paper consists of 8 printed pages. Candidates should check to ascertain that all papers are printed as indicated and that no questions are
missing

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1. The diagram below represents bones at a joint found in the forelimb of a mammal.

B
F
G
C

D
a) Name the bones labeled A,C and D. (3mks)
A ………………………………………..………
C…………………………………………………
D…………………………………………………
b) Name the structure at the knee that performs the same function as the structure labelled E. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State one difference between the joint between bones A and G and that between bones G and C (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Name the structure that joins bones and muscles. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) Explain how the muscles F and B bring about stretching and flexing of the arm. (2mks)
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2 a) Define the following
(i) Photosynthesis (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Chemosynthesis. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
Leaf B
Leaf A
Sodium hydroxide pellets

Cork
Flask

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(i) What is destarching? (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Giving reasons state the expected results when leaf A and Leaf B are tested for starch.

Leaf A ……………………………………………… (1mk)

Reason (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Leaf B…………………………………………………. (1mk)

Reason (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The diagram below show a respiratory structure of a bony fish

A
B
C

a) Name the parts labelled A,B and C (3mks)

A …………………………………………
B …………………………………………
C …………………………………………
b) What is the advantage of counter-current flow system in fish over the parallel flow? (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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c) How is the part labeled A adapted to its function. (3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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4. a) Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem. (2mks)
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b) Describe how capture and recapture method can be used to estimate the population of a certain
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insect in an habitat. 4mks)

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c) Name the organisms through which energy from the sun enters the food web. (1mk)
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d) Give two reasons why primary productivity in the aquatic ecosystem decreases with depth? (2mks)
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5. a) What is linkage. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Name two sex-linked traits associated with the Y-chromosome in human beings. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) The inheritance of colour vision is a sex-linked trait in man. The gene for normal colour vision is
dominant . A marriage between a woman who is homozygous for normal colour vision and a colour
blind man resulted in all the offsprings with the normal colour vision. Work out the Phenotypic ratio
in a marriage between one of the daughters and a colour blind man. Use N to represent the gene for
normal colour vision. (5mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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SECTION B (40MARKS)

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Answer questions 6(compulsory) and either questions 7 or 8

6. The table below show the relative numbers of three main species of organisms in a pond.

Depth in meters 0.00 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.00
Number of R 0 0 0 0 8 25 34 15 0
organisms in Q 20 160 190 165 115 10 0 0 0
thousands P 10 25 40 53 45 18 5 2 0
a)Using the same axes, draw the graphs to show number of organisms against depth. (8mks)

b) Which of the three species is widely distributed within the pond? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Giving a reason for your answer, which of the species is a producer?
Producer…………………………………………..……… (1mk)
Reason (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) At which depth are the population of the species the same? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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e) Giving a reason for your answer which of the species is a primary and secondary consumer?(4mks)
Primary consumer
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Reason
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Secondary consumer
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Reason
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(f) Explain two ways in which the following are adapted to their functions.
(i) Palisade layer (2mks)
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(ii) Cuticle (2mks)
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7. Explain how the mammalian heart is adapted to perform its function. (20mks)

8. Discuss the various evidences of organic evolution.

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