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Classwork1
1. Define the following
a. Uniform speed
It is the speed by which the object moves when it covers equal distances at equal
periods of time
b. Average speed
The total distance covered by the moving object divided by the total time taken to cover
this distance
2. Complete the following:
1. The result of multiplying a speed of a moving object by time = distance
2. speed is defined as the covered distance within a unit time
3. Speed measurement units are m/sec. or Km/h
4. The result of dividing the total distance that a moving object covers by the total time
taken to cover this distance = average speed
3. Write the scientific term:
1. The distance that a moving object covers within a unit time. ( speed )
2. A moving object covers equal distances at equal periods of time. (uniform speed)
3. The total distance that a moving object covers divided by the total time taken to cover
this distance. (average speed)
4. The value of an object's speed relative to the observer. ( relative speed )
4. What is meant by:
1. The average speed of a moving car is 70 Km/h.
This means that the total covered distances (70 Km) by the car through a total periods
of time (one hour)
2. A car moving at a uniform speed= 80 Km/h
This means that the object covers a distance of 80 Km each one hour
3. A moving car covers a distance of 100 Km in 2 hours.
This means that the car moves at a speed equals 50 Km/h
4. An object moving in a straight line, covers a distance of 20 meters is 1 sec.
This means that car moves at speed equals 20m/sec.

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5. A boy on a bike covers 300 meters in 1 min. and 420 meters in the next minute.
Calculate its average speed.
𝑑 300+420
V= = = 6 m/sec.
𝑡 60+60

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Homework 1
A. Choose the correct answer:
1. The two factors which can be used to describe the motion of a body are the ……..
( speed and time – force and time – distance and time – mass and time)
2. speed equals……. (distance x time – distance / time – distance + time)
3. The motion in one direction in a ……. Line is considered the simplest type of motion.
(curved – straight- curved and straight )
4. When a moving object covers equal distances in equal periods of time, this
means that the object moves at……….
(uniform speed – irregular speed- relative speed – uniform acceleration)
5. If the uniform speed of a car is (90 km/h). This means that the car covers a distance
equals………… meters in 40 sec. (1000- 2000- 3000- 2600)

6. ……… is the total distance covered by the moving object divided by the total time taken
to cover this distance. ( relative speed – average speed- motion – acceleration)
7. Average speed is the ………. speed by which the object moves to cover the same
distance at the same period of time.
( regular speed – irregular speed- relative speed – uniform acceleration)
8. The value of an object’s speed relative to another observer is ……..
(regular speed – average speed- relative speed – uniform acceleration)
9. The speed of moving object relative to the observer is considered as …….. Speed
(regular- average- vector – relative)
10. An observer in a moving car with 80 km/h was observing a moving car with 90
km/h in the same direction so, the observed speed of the 2nd car is ………km/h
(10- 80- 90- 170)
11. The moving car with 50 km/h in constant direction its speed appears at 110 km/h
related to observer moves with 60km/h in …….. Direction if the car motion
(Opposite – same- constant)
12. The speed measurement units are ……… (m/sec – km/h – all the previous answers)
B. Problem:
1. Which of the following is faster: A red car covers 250 km in 2 h or a blue car covers 150 km in 60 min.
𝑑 250 150
The red car: v = = = 125 km/ h The blue car: v= = 150 km/ h
𝑡 2 1
The blue car is faster
2. Calculate the distance covered by a car which moves at regular speed of 80 m/sec. during
1. 30 minutes 2. 120 minutes

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1. t = 30 x 60 = 1800 sec. d = v x t = 144000m

2. t= 120 x 60 = 7200 sec d = v x t = 576000 m
3. A racer covered 50 meters northward within 30 seconds then 100 meters eastward within 60
seconds then 50 meters southwards within 10 seconds, and then returns back to the start point
within 40 seconds : a- calculate the total distance that the racer moved. b- calculate the average
speed of the racer.
d= 100+500+100+500= 1200 m v = d/t = 1200 / 140 = 8.5 m/sec
4. Two cars move in the same direction, if the speed of the first car is 50 km/h and the second car is
70 km/h. calculate the relative speed of the second car relative to an observer :
1- standing on the ground 2- sitting in the first car
1. relative speed = real speed = 70 km/ h
2. relative speed = real speed – observer speed = 70 – 50 = 20 km / h

5. A runner covered a distance of 60 meters of straight track in 10 seconds, and he returned back
walking. He took 50 seconds to come back to the starting point of the running. Calculate the
runner’s average speed:
1. While running 2- while returning 3- during the whole trip

1. V = d/t = 60 / 10 = 6m/sec 2. V= 60 / 50 = 1.2 m/sec 3. V= 120/60 = 2m/sec

B. Give reasons for:

1. The motion of a train is considered an example of motion in one direction.

Bec. The train moves forward and backward in a straight or curved path or combination of both
2. The object speed increases as the covered distance increases at a constant time.
Bec. V= d/t , so the object speed is inversely proportional to the time taken, when the distance
is fixed.
3. Most of moving cars cannot move inside crowded towns all the time by uniform speed
Bec. The speed of the car changes according to the conditions of the road and the traffic
4. The metro moves at an irregular speed.
Bec. The metro covers unequal distances at equal periods of time or it covers equal distances at
unequal periods of time
5. The relative speed of a moving object in a certain direction differs according to the difference
of the observer state.
Bec. The relative speed of a moving object when the observer is:
- At rest, the relative speed is equal to real speed
- Moving , the relative speed is than the real according to the direction of its movement related
to the movement of object
6. Cars and planes are provided with speedometers.
To help us in identifying the speed of car and planes directly

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Classwork 2

1. Put (T) in front of the correct answer:

a. Acceleration is:
1. change in distance in unit time
2. Change in speed in unit time
3. rate of change of distance relative to the speed
b. Movement is at uniform acceleration:
1. If the object's speed changes at equal values in equal intervels of time
2. If the distance that the object covers changes at equal values in equal time intervels
3. If the average speed equals the regular speed

2. If an object moves from rest regularly until its speed reaches 10 m/sec. after 2 seconds from
the start of moving, so,
a. The change of speed through 2 seconds = 10/2= 5 m/sec.
b. The change of speed through 1 second = ………………………… m/sec
c. Acceleration = 5/2 = 2.5 m/sec²

3. On recording the results of an experiment in which an object moves, the results were as follows:
Distance (meter) 10 20 30
Time (sec.) 1 2 3

This object moves at:

1. Uniform deceleration
2. Uniform acceleration
3. Uniform speed

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Homework 2

A. Choose the correct answer:

1. Which of the following (speed-time) graphs describes the movement of an object moves at constant speed?
V(m/s) V(m/s) V(m/s)

t(sec) t(sec) t(sec)

a) b) c)

2. For a car moves at a regular speed, the ratio d/t …

(decreases- is constant- decreases- is doubled)
3. The measuring unite of acceleration is ………. ( m/s- km/h- cm/h- m/s^2 )
4. If the body is moving at a regular speed, so its acceleration equal zero Because……….
- its speed doesn’t change as time passes.
-its speed does change as time passes.
- its final speed equal 3.5 m/s
- its initial speed equal 300 m/s
5. When the final speed of a moving object is less than the initial speed, therefore the object motion described
as ……
(uniform speed- accelerating motion- decelerating motion- uniform acceleration)
6. Movement is at a uniform acceleration ……….
- if the object’s speed changes at equal values in equal time intervals.
- if the distance that the object covers changes at equal values in equal time intervals.
- if the average speed equals the regular speed.
- no correct answer.
B. Give reasons for:
1. The (distance – time) graph of an object is represented by a straight line parallel to the time axis ( X axis)
Bec. This body is at rest so the speed = zero
2. The (speed – time) graph of a regular motion at a constant speed is represented by a straight line
parallel to the time axis ( X axis)
Bec. The object speed remains constant as time passes
3. When the driver of a moving car uses the brakes, we describe the car movement as decelerating.
Bec. The car speed decreases as time passes
4. The body which moves at acceleration can’t move at regular speed.
Bec. Its speed changes by passing time
5. Physicists use mathematical relations like graphs and tables in many physical phenomena.
In order to : predict the relation bet. Certain physical quantities
- understand practical results - describe physical phenomenon in an easier way

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6. The acceleration is positive when its value increases, while it is negative when its value decreases.
Bec. When moving with a positive acceleration the final speed is greater than the initial
7. The object which moves at a uniform speed, its acceleration equals zero.
Bec. Its speed doesn’t change by passing time

C. Problem:
1. Calculate the acceleration of a moving car whose speed changes from 14 m/sec. to 24 m/sec, during
2.5 sec.
𝑣₂−𝑣₁ 24−14
a= = = 4 m/sec²
𝑡 2.5

2. Within 2.5 seconds, the speed of a car increases from 20 m/sec. to 25 m/sec, while a bike moves
from rest and its speed reaches 5 m/sec. In the same time calculate:
1- The acceleration of the car and the bike.
2- Which one moves at greater acceleration?
𝑣₂−𝑣₁ 25−20 𝑣₂−𝑣₁ 5−0
a (car) = 𝑡
=
2.5
= 2 m/sec² a (bike) = 𝑡
=
2.5
= 2m/sec²
They move with the same acceleration
A. Define each of the following:
1. Relative speed.
It is the speed of a moving object relative to a constant to a constant or a moving observer

2. Acceleration.

It is the speed of an object speed in one second in a specific direction

3. Uniform acceleration.
It is the acceleration by which an object moves in a straight line when its speed changes by equal values
through equal periods of time
4. Positive acceleration.
It is an acceleration by which an object moves in a straight line when its speed increases by equal values
through equal periods of time
5. negative acceleration.
It is an acceleration by which an object moves in a straight line when its speed decreases by equal values
through equal periods of time

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Classwork 3

1. Define each of the following:

a. a vector quantity
It is the physical quantity that has magnitude and direction
b. Scalar quantity
It is the physical quantity that has a magnitude only and has no direction
c. Displacement
It is the distance covered at a certain direction from the primary position of movement
towards its final position
2. If you move a distance 5 meters northward and your colleague moves a distance of
5 meters southward, compare between:
a. The distance that you covered and the distance that your colleague covered
My distance is 5m and my colleague distance is 5 m
b. The displacement that you covered and the displacement that your colleague covered
My displacement is 5m in the north direction while my colleague displacement is 5m in the
south direction
3. Choose:
1. ………………………. Is the physical quantity that both its magnitude and direction are
necessary for identifying it.
a. Matter b. Scalar quantity c. Vector quantity
2. Measurement units of velocity:
a. m/sec b. meter c,. m/sec²
4. Complete:
1.Displacement is the covered distance in a constant direction and is a vector quantity
2. velocity is the value of displacement at a unit time and is a vector quantity
3. Scalar physical quantity is the quantity that characterized by the magnitude only
4. Vector physical quantity Is the quantity that its magnitude and direction are necessary
for identifying it
5. A racer covered 50 meters northward within 30 seconds then 100 meters eastward
within 60 seconds then 50 meters southward within 10 seconds and then returns
back to the start point within 40 seconds
a. How long is the total distance the racer moved?
d= 50 + 100 + 50 + 100 = 300 m
b. What is the average speed of the race?
V = 300/ 140 = 2.1 m/sec
c. What is the displacement? What is the velocity?
d= zero , v = zero
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Homework 3

A. Define each of the following:

1. The scalar physical quantity
It is the physical quantity that has a magnitude only and has no direction
2. The vector physical quantity.
It is the physical quantity that has magnitude and direction
3. Displacement
It is the distance covered at a certain direction from the primary position of movement
towards its final position
4. Average Speed.
It is the total distance covered by the moving object divided by the total time
B. Choose the correct answer:
1. Which of the following physical quantities are scalar Quantities?
( the radius and the area – the time and the force – the acceleration and the velocity - the mass
and the displacement )
2. All the following are vector quantities except the……
( speed- acceleration – displacement – force)
3. ……… is the physical quantity that both its magnitude and direction are necessary for identifying it.
( the quantity of matter - scalar quantity- vector quantity )
4. Which of the following is vector physical quantity ………..
( displacement – mass- time- mass- distance)
5. Displacement is a………..
- scalar quantity and its unit is meter.
- vector quantity and its unit is kilogram.
- vector quantity and its unit is m/sec.
- vector quantity and its unit is meter.
6. A body moved a distance of 40 meters in straight line in the same direction, so the amount of
displacement is ………m. ( 20-40-50-60)
7. Measurement unit of displacement……. ( m – m/sec- kg/sec- newton)
8. From the opposite figure , when an object move from A to D passing through the points B and C the
distance from A to d equals ………….( 100-120-60-80) while the displacement from A to D equals
…………(60- 40- 120- 30) in the direction ( AD)

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9. …….. is the total distance covered by the object in one second.

(Average velocity – average speed – Distance- Displacement)

10. The measurement unit of the velocity ……… ( m/sec – second- meter – kg/h)
11. The average velocity can be identified by its ……….
( magnitude only- direction only – magnitude and direction)
12. Average speed is ……... physical quantity.
( scalar – vector- scalar and vector – none of the previous answers)

C. Give reason:
1. Force is a vector physical quantity.
Bec. It has magnitude and direction
2. Length is a scalar physical quantity.
Bec. It has magnitude only and has no direction
3. Distance is a scalar quantity, while displacement is a vector quantity
Bec. Distance has magnitude only and has no direction while displacement has magnitude and direction
4. A body moves and its starting point is the ending point, its velocity equal zero.
Bec. Its displacement equal zero
D. Problems:
1. If a body moves from the point (a) to the point (c) passing by the point
(b), then returns back to (a) as shown in the figure calculate:-
- The distance covered by the body.
d= 60 m
- The displacement done by the body.
Displacement = zero
- The average speed.
V= d/t = 60 / 30= 2 m/sec
- The average velocity.
V= zero
2. When a car moves from Cairo to Banha in a direct straight line with average velocity 30 km/h. Calculate
the displacement to Banaha from Cairo, knowing that
the time taken by the car to cover this distance is 1.5 hours d= v x t = 30 x 1.5 = 45 m

Classwork 4

A. Complete:
1. The phenomenon of the light bouncing off in the same medium when it meets the
reflecting surface is called light reflection

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2. The point that is in the middle of the reflecting surface

of the concave mirror is called pole of mirror
3. The radius of the concave mirror equals 2 (double) of the focal length
4. real image is the image that can be received on a screen
5. The incident light ray parallel to the principal axis of the concave mirror, it will reflects
and passing through the focus
B. Choose:
1. If the light ray falls passing through the focus of the concave mirror it will:
- Reflect parallel to the principle axis
- Reflect on itself
- Reflect through the center of curvature
2. A light ray that falls on a plane mirror as the figure it
reflected where the reflection angle equals:
a. 30° b. 60° c. 90°
3. A concave mirror with a focal length of 20 cm and the object is
placed at a distance of 500 cm from the mirror, the image is formed at a distance:
a. More than 40 cm b. equal 20 cm c. more than 20 and less than 40cm
4. A spherical mirror where its radius is 60cm, and its focal length is equal to
a. 60 cm b. 120 cm c. 30 cm
5. When the object is at the center of curvature a concave mirror, the image is:
a. Real, inverted and diminished
b. Real, inverted and equal to the object
c. Virtual , inverted and enlarged

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Homework 4

A. Problems:
1. If the angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray is 1400 ,find the angle of incidence and the
angle of reflection
-what is the relation between them?
the angle of incidence = 140 / 2 = 70
the angle of reflection = 140 / 2 = 70
the relation between angle of incidence and angle of reflection they are equal
2. A body is placed at a distance 30 cm from a spherical mirror with radius of curvature 30cm and when the
mirror is displaced 15 cm towards the object, an image for the object is formed on a screen.
i) Mention the type of the mirror.
ii) Show by drawing the path of the rays.
iii) Write the properties of the formed image.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. A body of length 2 cm is put at a distance of 6 cm from a concave mirror and its focal length 3 cm.
i) Draw a diagram to show the path of the rays at which the eye can see the image of the body.
ii) Mention the properties of the formed image

B. Define:
1. The second law of light reflection
The incident light ray, the reflected light ray and the normal to the surface of reflection at the point of
incidence all lie in one plane perpendicular to the reflecting surface.
2. The angle of incident.
it is the angle between the reflected light ray and the normal
C. Write the scientific term:
1. The straight line that passes by the center of curvature of the mirror and any point on its surface except
the pole of the mirror (Secondary axis )
2. Angle of incidence = angle of reflection (First law of light reflection)
3. A point that is in center of the reflective surface of the spherical mirror (Pole of the mirror)

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4. The point at which the rays which incident parallel to each other and parallel to the principle axis of
the concave mirror are collected (focus)

D. Choose the correct answer:

1. A spherical mirror where its radius is 60 cm, its focal length is equal to …………
a. 30 cm b . 120 cm c.60 cm d. 90 cm
2. A concave mirror has a focal vertex of 10 cm, so the radius of curvature of its surface equals
a. 5cm b . 10 cm c.20 cm d. 40 cm

3. The ……………..…….. is the light ray that bounces from the reflecting surface.
a. incident ray b. reflected ray c. angel of reflection
4. The incident light ray parallel to the principle axis of the concave mirror, they will reflect passing through
……………..……..

a. Pole of the mirror b. Focus of the mirror c. Centre of the mirror d. no correct answer
5. The Romans use a huge optical piece to burn the sails of enemies’ ships by using sun rays. What is the
suitable optical piece to do that …………?
a. convex mirror b. concave mirror c. plane mirror d. concave lens
6. when a body is put at a distance less than the focal length of concave mirror, the formed image will be
…………
a. real, inverted and diminished b. real-inverted and equal to the object
c. virtual- upright and magnified d. no correct answer
7. The point that is in the middle of the reflecting surface of the spherical mirror is called……………..……..
a. center of the mirror b. pole of the mirror c. focus of the mirror

E. Give reasons for:

1. The perpendicular incident light ray on a plane mirror reflects on itself.
because it falls perpendicular to the spherical mirror so its incident angle equals zero
2. The word ABULANCE is written in a reversed way.
in order to appear in the mirrors of the cars in front of the ambulance car written in a correct way and can
be read by the drivers.

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