JMIT, RADAUR

JMIT, RADAUR
Database Management System Lab
SESSION : 2022-2026

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-

Dr.Bhawna Sharma Sumit Kumar
C.S.E. Department 1222174
3rd CSE – ‘C’

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering & Technology
Radaur – 135133 (Yamuna Nagar)
(Affiliated to Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India)

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

INDEX
Sr. Topic Date Remark
No
1. Write the queries for Data Definition Language (DDL) in
RDBMS.
2. Write the queries for Data Manipulation Language (DML)
inRDBMS.

3. Write the queries for Data Control Language (DCL) in

RDBMS.
4. Write queries to perform various integrity
constraints onrelational database.
5. Create a database and perform the following operations:-
a. Arithmetic and Relational operations
b. Group by and having clauses
c. Like predicate for pattern matching in database
6. Write SQL query using character, number and group functions
7. Write SQL Queries for Relational Algebra.
8. Write SQL queries for extracting data from more than onetable.
9. Write SQL queries for sub queries, nested queries.
10. Write an SQL query for rollback, commit, savepoint.
11. Create Views from an existing table.

12. Write a procedure for computing income tax of a onthe basis

of given conditions : -

For this purpose create a table with name , ssn , gross salary
and incometax of the employee.
13. Create trigger for before insertion or update.
14. Write SQL queries to make procedure to find area of
circleand insert in a table.
15. Write a program in PL/SQL using after update or delete
usingTriggers.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 1:- Write the queries for Data Definition Language (DDL) in
RDBMS.

SQL> connect system

Connected.
SQL> create table sanyam(Name varchar2(20), RollNo number(10), Branch varchar2(10));

Table created.

SQL> insert into sanyam values('&Name', '&RollNo',

'&Branch');Enter value for name: Sam
Enter value for rollno: 001
Enter value for branch: CSE
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&Name', '&RollNo', '&Branch')
new 1: insert into sanyam values('Sam', '001', 'CSE')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for name: Ria
Enter value for rollno: 002
Enter value for branch: IT
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&Name', '&RollNo', '&Branch')
new 1: insert into sanyam values(Ria, '002', 'IT')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for name: Anu
Enter value for rollno: 003
Enter value for branch: ME
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&Name', '&RollNo', '&Branch')
new 1: insert into sanyam values('Anu', '003', 'ME')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for name: Arun
Enter value for rollno: 004
Enter value for branch: EE
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&Name', '&RollNo', '&Branch')new
1: insert into sanyam values('Arun', '004', 'EE')

1 row created.
Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma
 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> /
Enter value for name: Ram
Enter value for rollno: 005
Enter value for branch: ECE
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&Name', '&RollNo', '&Branch')
new 1: insert into sanyam values('Ram', '005', 'ECE')

1 row created.

SQL> select * from sanyam;

NAME ROLLNO BRANCH

Sam 001 CSE

Ria 002 IT
Anu 003 ME
Arun 004 EE
Ram 005 ECE

SQL> alter table sanyam add(MobileNo number(10));

Table altered.

SQL> select * from sanyam;

NAME ROLLNO BRANCH MOBILENO

Sam 001 CSE

Neha 002 IT
Anu 003 ME
Arun 004 EE
Ram 005 ECE

SQL> truncate table sanyam;

Table truncated.

SQL> select * from sanyam;

no rows selected

SQL> drop table

sanyam;Table dropped.

SQL> spool off

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 2:-Write the queries for Data Manipulation Language (DML) in

RDBMS

SQL> connect system

Connected.
SQL> create table sanyam (Name varchar2(20), RollNo number(10), Branch varchar2(10));

Table created.

SQL> insert into sanyam values('&Name', '&RollNo',

'&Branch');Enter value for name: Riya
Enter value for rollno: 1
Enter value for branch: CSE
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&Name', '&RollNo', '&Branch')
new 1: insert into sanyam values('Riya', '1', 'CSE')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for name: Siya
Enter value for rollno: 2
Enter value for branch: IT
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&Name', '&RollNo', '&Branch')
new 1: insert into sanyam values('Siya', '2', 'IT')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for name: Aditya
Enter value for rollno: 3
Enter value for branch: EE
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&Name', '&RollNo', '&Branch')
new 1: insert into sanyam values('Aditya', '3', 'EE')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for name: Abhi
Enter value for rollno: 4
Enter value for branch: ECE
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&Name', '&RollNo', '&Branch')
new 1: insert into sanyam values('Abhi', '4', 'ECE')

1 row created.
Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma
 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> /
Enter value for name: Pooja
Enter value for rollno: 5
Enter value for branch: ME
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&Name', '&RollNo', '&Branch')
new 1: insert into sanyam values('Pooja', '5', 'ME')

1 row created.

SQL> update sanyam set RollNo=6 where

Name='Pooja';1 row updated.

SQL> select * from sanyam;

NAME ROLLNO BRANCH

Riya 1 CSE
Siya 2 IT
Aditya 3 EE
Abhi 4 ECE
Pooja 6 ME

SQL> delete from sanyam where

Name='Pooja';1 row deleted.

SQL> select * from sanyam;

NAME ROLLNO BRANCH

Riya 1 CSE
Siya 2 IT
Aditya 3 EE
Abhi 4 ECE

SQL> spool off;

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 3:- Write the queries for Data Control Language (DCL) in RDBMS
SQL> connect system
Connected.
SQL> create user Pual identified by Marshal;

User created.

SQL> connect Pual

ERROR:
ORA-01045: user PUAL lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon denied

Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

SQL> connect system
Connected.
SQL> grant connect to Pual;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> connect Pual

Connected.
SQL> select * from tab;

no rows selected

SQL> create table sanyam (SNo number(3));

create table sanyam (SNo number(3))
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

SQL> connect system

Connected.
SQL> grant create table to Pual;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant resource to Pual;

Grant succeeded.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> connect Pual;

Connected.
SQL> create table sanyam (SNo

number(3));Table created.

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

sanyam TABLE

SQL> connect system

Connected.
SQL> revoke resource from Pual;

Revoke succeeded.

SQL> spool off;

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 4:- Write queries to perform various integrity constraints on

relational database

SQL> connect system

Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> create table sanyam (SNo number(3) PRIMARY KEY, Name varchar(10));

Table created.

SQL> drop table

sanyam;Table dropped.

SQL> create table sanyam (SNo number(3) constraint pri_k PRIMARY KEY, Name

varchar(10));Table created.

SQL> desc sanyam

Name Null? Type

SNO NOT NULL NUMBER(3)

NAME VARCHAR2(10)

SQL> alter table sanyam drop constraint pri_k;

Table altered.

SQL> desc sanyam;

Name Null? Type

SNO NUMBER(3)
NAME VARCHAR2(10)

SQL> select * from sanyam;

no rows selected

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> alter table sanyam add primary key(SNO);

Table altered.
SQL> drop table

sanyam;Table dropped.

SQL> alter table sanyam add constraint pri_k primary key(SNO);

alter table sanyam add constraint pri_k primary key(SNO)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

SQL> create table sanyam (SNo number(3), Name varchar(10));

Table created.

SQL> alter table sanyam add constraint pri_k primary key(SNO);

Table altered.

SQL> drop table sanyam;

Table dropped.

SQL> create table sanyam (SNo number(3), Name varchar(10), primary key(SNO));

Table created.

SQL> desc sanyam;

Name Null? Type

SNO NOT NULL NUMBER(3)

NAME VARCHAR2(10)

SQL> insert into sanyam values('&SNO', '&Name');

Enter value for sno: 1
Enter value for name: SANYAM
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&SNO', '&Name')
new 1: insert into sanyam values('1', 'SANYAM')

1 row created.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> /
Enter value for sno: 2
Enter value for name: B
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&SNO',
'&Name')new 1: insert into sanyam values('2',
'B')

1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for sno: 3
Enter value for name: C
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&SNO', '&Name')
new 1: insert into sanyam values('3', 'C')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for sno: 4
Enter value for name: D
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&SNO', '&Name')
new 1: insert into sanyam values('4', 'D')

1 row created.

SQL> select * from sanyam;

SNO NAME

1 SANYAM
2B
3C
4D

SQL> insert into sanyam values('&SNO', '&Name');

Enter value for sno: 2
Enter value for name: F
old 1: insert into sanyam values('&SNO', '&Name')
new 1: insert into sanyam values('2', 'F')
insert into sanyam values('2', 'F')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C004063) violated

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> create table sanyam_child(SRNO number(3), Course varchar(10),constraint fk foreign

key(SRNO) references sanyam(SNO));

Table created.

SQL> insert into sanyam_child values('&SRNO',

'&Course');Enter value for srno: 2
Enter value for course: CSE
old 1: insert into sanyam_child values('&SRNO', '&Course')
new 1: insert into sanyam_child values('2', 'CSE')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for srno: 3
Enter value for course: IT
old 1: insert into sanyam_child values('&SRNO', '&Course')
new 1: insert into sanyam_child values('3', 'IT')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for srno: 2
Enter value for course: ME
old 1: insert into sanyam_child values('&SRNO', '&Course')
new 1: insert into sanyam_child values('2', 'ME')

1 row created.

SQL> select * from sanyam_child;

SRNO COURSE

2 CSE
3 IT
2 ME

SQL> select * from sanyam;

SNO NAME

1 SANYAM
2B
3C
4D

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> insert into sanyam_child values('&SRNO', '&Course');

Enter value for srno: 5
Enter value for course: EE
old 1: insert into sanyam_child values('&SRNO', '&Course')
new 1: insert into sanyam_child values('5', 'EE')
insert into sanyam_child values('5', 'EE')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02291: integrity constraint (SYSTEM.FK) violated - parent key not found

SQL> drop table sanyam_child;

Table dropped.

SQL> drop table sanyam;

Table dropped.
SQL> spool off

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 5:- Create a database and perform the following operations:-

d. Arithmetic and Relational operations
e. Group by and having clauses
f. Like predicate for pattern matching in database

(sanyam)SQL> create table Sanyam(EmpID number(10), EmpName varchar2(20), Salary

number(10),Bonus number(10));

Table created.

SQL> insert into Sanyam

values('&EmpID','&EmpName','&Salary','&Bonus');Enter value for empid:
1
Enter value for empname: Ajay
Enter value for salary: 1000
Enter value for bonus: 100
old 1: insert into Sanyam values('&EmpID','&EmpName','&Salary','&Bonus')
new 1: insert into Sanyam values('1','Ajay','1000','100')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for empid: 2
Enter value for empname: Rahul
Enter value for salary: 1500
Enter value for bonus: 200
old 1: insert into Sanyam values('&EmpID','&EmpName','&Salary','&Bonus')
new 1: insert into Sanyam values('2','Rahul','1500','200')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for empid: 3
Enter value for empname: Simran
Enter value for salary: 4000
Enter value for bonus: 190
old 1: insert into Sanyam values('&EmpID','&EmpName','&Salary','&Bonus')
new 1: insert into Sanyam values('3','Simran','4000','190')

1 row created.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select * from Sanyam;

EMPID EMPNAME SALARY BONUS

1 Ajay 1000 100

2 Rahul 1500 200
3 Simran 4000 190

SQL> select EmpName,Salary,Bonus,(Salary+Bonus) from Sanyam

where(Salary+Bonus)>1000;

EMPNAME SALARY BONUS (SALARY+BONUS)

Ajay 1000 100 1100

Rahul 1500 200 1700
Simran 4000 190 4190

SQL> select EmpName,Salary,Bonus,(Salary-Bonus) from Sanyam where

Salary>1000;EMPNAME SALARY BONUS (SALARY-BONUS)

Rahul 1500 200 1300

Simran 4000 190 3810

SQL> select EmpID,EmpName from Sanyam where Salary>1000 AND Bonus>100;

EMPID EMPNAME

2 Rahul
3 Simran

SQL> spool off

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select * from people;

GENDER

female
female
male
female
male
male
male
male

8 rows selected.

SQL> select gender from people GROUP BY gender;

GENDER

male
female

SQL> spool off

SQL> select * from Sanyam;

EMPID EMPNAME SALARY BONUS

1 Ajay 1000 100

2 Rahul 1500 200
3 Simran 4000 190

SQL> select * from Sanyam where EmpName like 'S%';

EMPID EMPNAME SALARY BONUS

3 Simran 4000 190

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select EmpName||Salary from Sanyam;

EMPNAME||SALARY

Ajay1000
Rahul1500
Simran4000

SQL> select * from Sanyam where EmpName like 'S%' or Salary>1000;

EMPID EMPNAME SALARY BONUS

2 Rahul 1500 200

3 Simran 4000 190

SQL> spool off

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 6:- Write SQL query using character, number and group functions
SQL> select * from sanyam;

EMPNO ENAME DESIGNATIO SALARY DEPTNO

101 pavneet radour 20000 48

102 parul karnal 3000 47

SQL> select concat(ename,salary) from sanyam;

CONCAT(ENAME,SALARY)

pavneet20000
parul3000

SQL> select substr(ename,1,3) from sanyam;

SUB
---
pav
par

SQL> select instr(ename,'v') from sanyam;

INSTR(ENAME,'V')

3
0

SQL> select rpad(ename,10,'_') from sanyam;

RPAD(ENAME

pavneet
parul

SQL> select lpad(ename,10,'_') from sanyam;

LPAD(ENAME

pavneet
parul

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select rtrim('avn') as ename from sanyam;

ENA
---
avn
avn

SQL> select upper(ename) from sanyam;

UPPER(ENAME)

PAVNEET
PARUL

SQL> select abs(salary) from sanyam;

ABS(SALARY)

20000
3000

SQL> select ceil(salary) from sanyam;

CEIL(SALARY)

20000
3000

SQL> select mod(salary,deptno) from sanyam;

MOD(SALARY,DEPTNO)

32
39

SQL> select sign(salary) from sanyam;

SIGN(SALARY)

1
1

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select sqrt(salary) from sanyam;

SQRT(SALARY)

141.421356
54.7722558

SQL> select add_months('13-oct-16',3) from sanyam;

ADD_MONTH

13-JAN-17
13-JAN-17

SQL> select count(*) from sanyam;

COUNT(*)

SQL> select distinct empno from sanyam;

EMPNO

102
101

SQL> select max(salary) from sanyam;

MAX(SALARY)

20000

SQL> select sum(salary) from sanyam;

SUM(SALARY)

23000

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 7:- Write SQL Queries for Relational Algebra.

SQL> select * from SANYAM;

ROLLNO NAME AGE

1 Ram 20
2 Shyam 21
3 Ram 19

SQL> -- PROJECTION OPERATION

SQL> select rollno from SANYAM;

ROLLNO

1
2
3

SQL> -- SELECTION OPERATION

SQL> select name from SANYAM where rollno = 2;

NAME

Shyam

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> -- RENAME OPERATION

SQL> select rollno as Roll_number from SANYAM;

ROLL_NUMBER

1
2
3

SQL> select * from sudeep1;

ID NAME

1 Jack
2 Harry
3 Jackson

SQL> select * from sudeep2;

ID NAME

3 Jackson
4 Stephen
5 David

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> -- UNION OPERATION

SQL> select * from sudeep1 UNION select * from sudeep2;

ID NAME

1 Jack
2 Harry
3 Jackson
4 Stephen
5 David

SQL> select * from sudeep1 UNION ALL select * from sudeep2;

ID NAME

1 Jack
2 Harry
3 Jackson
3 Jackson
4 Stephen
5 David

6 rows selected.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> -- INTERSECTION OPERATION

SQL> select * from sudeep1 INTERSECT select * from sudeep2;

ID NAME

3 Jackson

SQL> -- MINUS OPERATION

SQL> select * from sudeep1 MINUS select * from sudeep2;

ID NAME

1 Jack
2 Harry

SQL> select * from SANYAM2 ;

ROLLNO NAME AGE

1 Ram 20
2 Shyam 21
3 Ram 19

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select * from B;

ROLLNO SUBJECT HOBBY

2 Hindi Singing
3 English Dancing
4 English Writing

SQL> -- CROSS JOIN

SQL> select * from SANYAM CROSS JOIN B;

ROLLNO NAME AGE ROLLNO SUBJECT HOBBY

1 Ram 20 2 Hindi Singing

1 Ram 20 3 English Dancing
1 Ram 20 4 English Writing
2 Shyam 21 2 Hindi Singing
2 Shyam 21 3 English Dancing
2 Shyam 21 4 English Writing
3 Ram 19 2 Hindi Singing
3 Ram 19 3 English Dancing
3 Ram 19 4 English Writing

9 rows selected.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select * from sanyam;

ENO ENAME ADDRESS

1 Ram Delhi
2 Varun Chd
3 Ravi Chd
4 Amrit Delhi

SQL> select * from dept;

DEPNO NAME ENO

D1 HR 1
D2 IT 2
D3 MRKT 4

SQL> -- NATURAL JOIN

SQL> select ename from sanyam NATURAL JOIN dept;

ENAME

Ram
Varun
Amrit

SQL> spool off;

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

PROGRAM 8:- Write SQL queries for extracting data from more than one
table
SQL> select * from SANYAM;
ROLLNO NAME AGE

1 Ram 20
2 Shyam 21
3 Ram 19

SQL> select * from B;

ROLLNO SUBJECT HOBBY

2 Hindi Singing
3 English Dancing
4 English Writing

SQL> -- CROSS JOIN

SQL> select * from SANYAM CROSS JOIN B;

ROLLNO NAME AGE ROLLNO SUBJECT HOBBY

1 Ram 20 2 Hindi Singing

1 Ram 20 3 English Dancing
1 Ram 20 4 English Writing
2 Shyam 21 2 Hindi Singing
2 Shyam 21 3 English Dancing
2 Shyam 21 4 English Writing
3 Ram 19 2 Hindi Singing
3 Ram 19 3 English Dancing
3 Ram 19 4 English Writing
9 rows selected.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select * from sanyam;

ENO ENAME ADDRESS DEPNO

1 Ram Delhi D1
2 Varun Chd D2
3 Ravi Chd D3
4 Amrit Delhi

SQL> select *from dept;

DEPNO NAME ENO LOCATION

D1 HR 1 Delhi
D2 IT 2 Pune
D3 MRKT 4 Patna
D4 Finance 5

SQL> select ename from sanyam NATURAL JOIN

dept;ENAME

Ram
Varun

SQL> -- EQUI JOIN

SQL> SELECT ename from sanyam, dept where sanyam.eno = dept.eno and
sanyam.address =dept.location;

ENAME

Ram

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select * from study;

S_ID C_ID SINCE_YEAR

S1 C1 2016
S2 C2 2017
S1 C2 2017

SQL> -- SELF JOIN

SQL> select t1.s_id from study t1, study t2 where t1.s_id = t2.s_id and t1.c_id<>t2.c_id;

S_ID

S1
S1

SQL> SELECT * from sanyam_;

ROLL_NO NAME ADDRESS AGE

1 HARSH DELHI 18
2 PRATIK BIHAR 19
3 RIYANKA SILIGURI 20
4 DEEP RAMNAGAR 18
5 SAPTARHI KOLKATA 19
6 DHANRAJ BARABAJAR 20
7 ROHIT BALURGHAT 18
8 NIRAJ ALIPUR 19

8 rows selected.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> SELECT * from sanyam_course;

COURSE_ID ROLL_NO

1 1
2 2
2 3
3 4
1 5
4 9
5 10
4 11

8 rows selected.

SQL> -- LEFT OUTER JOIN

SQL> select sanyam_.name,sanyam_course.course_id FROM sanyam_ LEFT JOIN
sanyam_course ON sanyam_course.roll_no = sanyam_.roll_no;

NAME COURSE_ID

HARSH 1
PRATIK 2
RIYANKA 2
DEEP 3
SAPTARHI 1
NIRAJ
DHANRAJ
ROHIT

8 rows selected.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select sanyam_.name, sanyam_course.course_id FROM sanyam_ RIGHT JOIN

sanyam_course ON sanyam_course.roll_no = sanyam_.roll_no;
NAME COURSE_ID

HARSH 1
PRATIK 2
RIYANKA 2
DEEP 3
SAPTARHI 1
5
4
4
8 rows selected.

SQL> -- FULL OUTER JOIN

SQL> SELECT sanyam_.name, sanyam_course.course_id FROM sanyam_ FULL JOIN
sanyam_course ON sanyam_course.roll_no = sanyam_.roll_no;
NAME COURSE_ID

HARSH 1
PRATIK 2
RIYANKA 2
DEEP 3
SAPTARHI 1
NIRAJ
DHANRAJ
ROHIT
5
4
4
11 rows selected.
SQL> spool off;
Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma
 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 9:- Write SQL queries for sub queries, nested queries

SQL> select * from sanyam;

NAME ROLLNO MOBILE MARKS

muskie 240 987766576 95

munni 237 859656345 76
pnni 251 986756453 77
nidhi 244 858578698 87

SQL> select * from sanyam where rollno in (select rollno from sanyam where marks>85);

NAME ROLLNO MOBILE MARKS

muskie 240 987766576 95

nidhi 244 58578698 87

SQL> create table sanyam_bck (name varchar(10), rollno number(10), mobile number(10),
marksnumber(5));

Table created.

SQL> insert into sanyam_bck select * from sanyam where rollno in (select rollno

from sanyam);4 rows created.

SQL> select * from sanyam_bck;

NAME ROLLNO MOBILE MARKS

muskie 240 987766576 95

munni 237 859656345 76
pnni 251 986756453 77
nidhi 244 858578698 87

SQL> update sanyam set marks=marks-5 where rollno in(select rollno from
sanyam_bck whererollno>239);

3 rows updated.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select * from sanyam_bck;

NAME ROLLNO MOBILE MARKS

muskie 240 987766576 95

munni 237 859656345 76
pnni 251 986756453 77
nidhi 244 858578698 87

SQL> select * from sanyam;

NAME ROLLNO MOBILE MARKS

muskie 240 987766576 90

munni 237 859656345 76
pnni 251 986756453 72
nidhi 244 858578698 82

SQL> delete from sanyam where rollno in (select rollno from sanyam_bck where
rollno>=240);3 rows deleted.

SQL> select * from sanyam;

NAME ROLLNO MOBILE MARKS

munni 237 59656345 76

SQL> select * from sanyam_bck;

NAME ROLLNO MOBILE MARKS

muskie 240 987766576 95

munni 237 859656345 76
pnni 251 986756453 77
nidhi 244 858578698 87

SQL>spool off;
Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma
 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 10:- Write an SQL query for rollback, commit, savepoint.

SQL> create table sanyam(name varchar(10),roll number(10));

Table created.

SQL> insert into sanyam

values('&name','&roll');

Enter value for name: rahul

Enter value for roll: 1217633

old 1: insert into sanyam values('&name','&roll')

new 1: insert into sanyam

values('rahul','1217633')1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for name: anshul

Enter value for roll: 1217216

old 1: insert into sanyam values('&name','&roll')

new 1: insert into sanyam

values('anshul','1217216')1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for name: sahil

Enter value for roll: 1217637

old 1: insert into sanyam values('&name','&roll')

new 1: insert into sanyam

values('sahil','1217637')1 row created.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select * from sanyam;

NAME ROLL

rahul 1217633

anshul 1217216

sahil 1217637

SQL> savepoint a1;

Savepoint created.

SQL> insert into sanyam

values('ab','1717152');

1 row created.

SQL> rollback to a1;

Rollback complete. SQL>

select * from sanyam;

NAME ROLL

rahul 1217633

anshul 1217216

sahil 1217637

SQL> spool off;

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 11:- Create Views from an existing table.

SQL> create table sanyam(rollno number(10),name varchar(15),branch varchar(10),marks
number(10));

Table created.

SQL> insert into sanyam values('&rollno','&name','&branch','&marks');

Enter value for rollno: 1221

Enter value for name: sejal

Enter value for branch: CSE

Enter value for marks: 89

old 1: insert into sanyam values('&rollno','&name','&branch','&marks')

new 1: insert into sanyam values('1221','sejal','CSE','89')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for rollno: 1542

Enter value for name: mohit

Enter value for branch: IT

Enter value for marks: 97

old 1: insert into sanyam values('&rollno','&name','&branch','&marks')

new 1: insert into sanyam values('1542','mohit','IT','97')

1 row created.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> /

Enter value for rollno: 1735

Enter value for name: Vikas

Enter value for branch: MECH

Enter value for marks: 92

old 1: insert into sanyam values('&rollno','&name','&branch','&marks')

new 1: insert into sanyam values('1735','Vikas','MECH','92')

1 row created.

SQL> select*from sanyam;

ROLLNO NAME BRANCH MARKS

1221 sejal CSE 89

1542 mohit IT 97

1735 Vikas MECH 92

SQL> insert into sanyam values(1432,'sahil','CHEMICAL',61);

1 row created.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select*from sanyam;

ROLLNO NAME BRANCH MARKS

1221 sejal CSE 89

1542 mohit IT 97

1735 Vikas MECH 92

1432 sahil CHEMICAL 61

SQL> create table emp1(empid number(10),dept varchar(15));

Table created.

SQL> insert into emp1 values('&empid','&dept');

Enter value for empid: 1221

Enter value for dept: CSE

old 1: insert into emp1 values('&empid','&dept')

new 1: insert into emp1 values('1221','CSE')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for empid: 1542

Enter value for dept: IT

old 1: insert into emp1 values('&empid','&dept')

new 1: insert into emp1 values('1542','IT')

1 row created.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> /

Enter value for empid: 1432

Enter value for dept: CHEMICAL

old 1: insert into emp1 values('&empid','&dept')

new 1: insert into emp1 values('1432','CHEMICAL')

1 row created.

SQL> select*from emp1;

EMPID DEPT

1221 CSE

1542 IT

1432 CHEMICAL

SQL> select sanyam.rollno,sanyam.name,sanyam.marks,emp1.dept from

sanyam,emp1 where sanyam.rollno=emp1.empid;

ROLLNO NAME MARKS DEPT

1221 sejal 89 CSE

1542 mohit 97 IT

1432 sahil 61 CHEMICAL

SQL> create view V as select rollno,name from sanyam;

View created.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select*from V;

ROLLNO NAME

1221 sejal

1542 mohit

1735 Vikas

1432 sahil

SQL> create view v11 as select sanyam.rollno,sanyam.name,emp1.dept fromsanyam,emp1

where branch='CSE';

View created.

SQL> select*from v11;

ROLLNO NAME DEPT

1221 sejal CSE

1221 sejal IT

1221 sejal CHEMICAL

SQL> create view v23 as select sanyam.name,emp1.dept from sanyam,emp1 where

sanyam.rollno=emp1.empid;

View created.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select*from v23;

NAME DEPT

sejal CSE

mohit IT

sahil CHEMICAL

SQL> spool off;

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 12:- Write a procedure for computing income tax of a onthe

basis of following conditions : -

a) if gross pay<=40000 then I.T. rate is 0%

b) if gross pay>40000 but <=60000 then I.T rate is 10%
c) if gross pay>60000 but <=1000000 then I.T rate is 20%
d) if gross pay>1000000 then I.T rate is 30%

For this purpose create a table with name , ssn , gross salary and income
tax of the employee.
SQL>create table Sanyam(Name varchar2(20),GrossSalary number(10),Tax_Percentage
number(10));

Table Created.

SQL> create or replace procedure IncT(Name in varchar,GrossSalary in number)is gross

number(10);

2 income(10);

3 begin

4 gross:=GrossSalary;

5 if gross<=40000 then

6 income:=0;

7 end if;

8 if gross>40000 and gross <60000 then

9 income:=10;

10 end if;

11 if gross>60000 and gross<1000000 then

12 income:=20;

13 end if;

14 if gross>1000000 then
Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma
 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

15 income:=30;

16 end if;

17 insert into Sanyam values(Name,GrossSalary,income);

18 end;

19 /

Procedure created.

SQL>EXECUTE Inc_CAL('Rahul',40000);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL>EXECUTE Inc_CAL('Shivam',60000);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL>EXECUTE Inc_CAL('Rajiv',80000);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL>Select * from Sanyam;

Name GrossSalary Tax_Percentage

Rahul 40000 0

Shivam 60000 10

Rajiv 80000 20

SQL> spool off;

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 13:- Create trigger for before insertion or update.

SQL> create table sanyam(name varchar2(20),roll_no varchar2(9) not null primary key,
balance varchar2(10));

Table created.

SQL> insert into sanyam values('pradeep','1207233','250');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into sanyam values('rahul','1207239','195');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into sanyam values('neeraj','1207215','400');

1 row created.

SQL> select * from sanyam;

NAME ROLL_NO BALANCE

pradeep 1207233 250

rahul 1207239 195
neeraj 1207215 400

SQL> create or replace trigger tri before insert or update on sanyam for each row
2 begin
3 if :new.balance<=0 then
4 raise_application_error(-20000,'salary can not be less than zero');
5 end if;
6 end;
7/

Trigger created.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> insert into sanyam values

2 ('rohit','1207938','-256');
insert into sanyam values
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-20000: salary can not be less than zero
ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.TRI", line 3
ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger 'SCOTT.TRI'

SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 14:- Write SQL queries to make procedure to find area of circle
and insert in a table.

SQL> create table sanyam(radius number(10),area number(12));

Table created.

SQL> create or replace procedure pro(radius in number) is

2 r number(10);
3 area number(10);
4 begin
5 r:=radius;
6 area:=3.14*r*r;
7 insert into sanyam values(radius,area);
8 end;
9/

Procedure created.

SQL> execute pro(7);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select * from sanyam;

RADIUS AREA

7 154

SQL> execute pro(3);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select * from sanyam;

RADIUS AREA

7 154
3 28

SQL> spool off;

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma

 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

Program 15:- Write a program in PL/SQL using after update or delete using
Triggers.

SQL> create table sanyam_q11 (name varchar(10),salary number(10));

Table created.
SQL> create table sanyam_q21 (name varchar(10),salary

number(10));Table created.

SQL> create trigger q31 after update or delete on sanyam_q11 for each row
2 declare
3 oper varchar(10);
4 name varchar(10);
5 salary number(10);
6 begin
7 if updating then oper:='update';
8 end if;
9 if deleting then oper:='delete';
10 end if;
11 name:=:old.name;
12 salary:=:old.salary;
13 insert into sanyam_q21 values(name,salary);
14 end;
15 /

Trigger created.

SQL>insert into sanyam_q11

values(‘&name’,’&salary’);
Enter value for name:Ashish
Enter value for salary:30000
old 1: insert into sanyam_q11 values('&name','&salary')
new 1: insert into sanyam_q11 values('Ashish','30000')

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for name: Aman
Enter value for salary: 67000
old 1: insert into sanyam_q11 values('&name','&salary')new
1: insert into sanyam_q11 values('Aman','67000')

1 row created.
Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma
 JMIT, RADAUR
Computer Science & Engineering Semester : 5th DBMS

SQL> select * from sanyam_q11;

NAME SALARY

Ashish 30000
Aman 67000

SQL> update sanyam_q11 set salary=80000 where

name='Aman';1 row updated.

SQL> select * from sanyam_q21;
NAME SALARY

Aman 67000

SQL> select * from sanyam_q11;

NAME SALARY

Ashish 30000
Aman 80000
SQL>spool off;

Subject Teacher Name : Dr. Bhawna Sharma