Exercise Part

“Easy as Pie”
The questions are standard and straightforward. Students are
supposed to handle these questions fast with accuracy.

“Go Banana”
The questions are complicated or tricky. Students may have to
spend more time and pay more effort to go through.
“DSE Zone”
The questions are designed for preparing DSE.

Solution Part
Tips and reminders for problem-solving

Enhances thorough understanding to the question

Common mistakes among students

Special points students need to pay attention to

Avoids students from repeating the same mistakes

Reveals the key point to answer the question

Leads students to the right track for problem-solving

Students used to adopt the fastest possible method in

problem-solving during exams. “Alternatives” provides

you with a variety of methods to solve a mathematical problem.

 Contents
1 Errors in Measurement
Key Points 7
Exercise – Multiple Choice 9
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 12

2 Rate and Ratio

Key Points 23
Exercise – Multiple Choice 25
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 28

3 Index
Key Points 39
Exercise – Multiple Choice 41
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 44

4 Polynomials
Key Points 51
Exercise – Multiple Choice 53
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 56

5 Identities
Key Points 66
Exercise – Multiple Choice 67
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 70

6 Algebraic Fractions
Key Points 77
Exercise – Multiple Choice 79
Exercise – Short and Long Question 83

7 Change of Subjects
Key Points 87
Exercise – Multiple Choice 88
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 90
 Contents
8 Equations in Two unknowns
Key Points 99
Exercise – Multiple Choice 101
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 104

9 Basic Geometry
Key Points 115
Exercise – Multiple Choice 119
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 123

10 Pythagoras’ Theorem
Key Points 135
Exercise – Multiple Choice 137
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 139

11 Trigonometric Ratios
Key Points 146
Exercise – Multiple Choice 148
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 152

12 Area and Volume

Key Points 157
Exercise – Multiple Choice 158
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 161

13 Data Handling
Key Points 169
Exercise – Multiple Choice 172
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 176

14 Revision Test
Exercise – Multiple Choice 182
Exercise – Short and Long Questions 186

SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
are provided after the last session.
CHAPTER 10 PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM

10 Pythagoras’ Theorem
Key Points

10.1 Square roots

e.g. 36 = 6

e.g. Square roots of 36 are 6 and –6.

(6 is the positive square root and –6 is the negative square root)

e.g. Solve x2 = 36
x = ± 36
x = ±6

10.2 Rational and irrational numbers

Definition of Rational Number

a
A rational number is any number that can be expressed in the form of (where a is an
b
integer and b is a non-zero integer).

Examples of rational numbers:

Positive integers/ zero / negative integers (e.g. 2, 0, –6);
1 8 2
Proper fractions/ improper fractions/ mixed fractions (e.g. , , 1 );
2 3 3
•
Terminating decimals (e.g. 1.5) and recurring decimals (e.g. 0. 3 )

Examples of irrational numbers:

Non-terminating decimals (e.g. 𝜋, 6 , 1.41237…)

10.3 Pythagoras’ theorem

In D ABC, A
hyp
oten
us e
If ÐABC = 90 , o

then AB 2 + BC 2 = AC 2.
(Pyth. thm.) B C

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 CHAPTER 10 PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM

10.4 Converse of Pythagoras’ theorem

In D ABC,
A
hyp
oten
If AB 2 + BC 2 = AC 2, use
then ÐABC = 90o.
B C
(Converse of Pyth. thm.)

e.g. Determine whether Δ PQR is a right-angled triangle.

P
Sol: PR2 + PQ2 6
= 62 + 82 8
= 100 R
= QR2
10
Q
∴∠QPR = 90° (Converse of Pyth. thm.)
∴ Δ PQR is a right-angled triangle.

Remarks
l “ ” is called “radical sign”.
l Hypothenuse is the longest side of a triangle.

Relevant Vocabularies
Square root 平方根 Rational number 有理數 Irrational number 無理數
Integer 整數 Proper fraction 真分數 Improper fraction 假分數
Mixed fraction 帶分數 Terminating decimal Non-terminating decimal
有盡小數 無盡小數
Recurring decimal Pythagoras’ theorem Converse of Pythagoras’
循環小數 畢氏定理 theorem 畢氏定理的逆定
理
Hypotenuse 斜邊

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CHAPTER 10 PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM

Exercise – Multiple Choice

Score:
18
There are 9 questions. Each carries 2 marks.

1. In the figure, DABC is a right-angled isosceles triangle. If BC = 12,

the area of the triangle is
A

B C
A. 18 sq. units B. 24 sq. units Ans
C. 36 sq. units D. 48 sq. units

2. In the figure, DABD is a right-angled triangle. If DC = CB, then

AC =
A
10
6
A
D C B

A. 6.47 units B. 6.90 units Ans

C. 7.21 units D. 7.47 units

3. In the figure, the height of trapezium ABCD is 4. If AB = 8, AD = 6,

BC = 10, then the area of trapezium is
A 8 B

6 10

D C
Ans
A. 58.0 sq. units B. 59.3 sq. units
C. 68.0 sq. units D. 69.3 sq. units

4. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangle. AC is the diagonal while AC ^ BE.

If AD = 18 and DC = 24, then BE =
A B

18
E
D `C
24
A. 14.0 units B. 14.4 units Ans
C. 15.0 units D. 15.4 units

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 CHAPTER 10 PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM

5. Which of the following is NOT an irrational number?

A. 7π B. 4
22 × π×
22 π2 Ans
C. 3.14 ÷π D. π ÷ 22 × 7

6. The diagonal of a rectangle is 30 cm. If the ratio of the length and the
width is 4 : 3, then the area of the rectangle is

A. 150 cm2 B. 210 cm2 Ans

C. 360 cm2 D. 432 cm2

7. If D ABC is a right-angled isosceles triangle and AC is the

hypothenuse, then AB =

A. 1 B. 2
AC AC
2 2
C. 3 D. 2 AC Ans
AC
2

8. In the figure, AB = CD = 3, BC = 12, ED = EF = 2, find the distance

between A and F.
A

C
B
F

E D
A. 10.8 units B. 11.5 units Ans
C. 12.5 units D. 12.8 units

9. In the figure, AEB and ADC are straight lines. It is given that AE = 7,
EB = CB = 8, find ED.
A

E
D 8

C B
8
A. 4.41 B. 4.57 Ans
C. 5.23 D. 6.34

138
CHAPTER 10 PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM

Exercise – Short and Long Questions

Score:
39
1.
In the figure, AB = 3.2, AD = 3.84 and CD = 0.8. Determine whether the
value of BC is a rational number. A

D (3 marks)
B
C

2. In the figure, D AED and D BCF are right-angled isosceles triangles and
ABCD is a square. It is given that the AC = 20 cm, find the area of the figure.
(5 marks)
A B

D C F

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 CHAPTER 10 PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM

5. In the figure, ÐBAE = ÐAED = 90° . It is given that AB = 18, ED = 14,

BD = 20, BC = 12 and DC = 16, find the area of the figure, correct your
answer to 3 significant figures.
18 B (5 marks)
A

12
20
C
16
E 14 D

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 CHAPTER 10 PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM

7. In the figure, ABCD is a square. F and G are points lying on BC and DC

respectively. DF and AG intersect at E. It is given that AE = 16, EG = 9 and
DG = 15.
(a) Is that DDEG a right-angled triangle? Explain your answer.
(5 marks)
(b) Find DE and EF.
(6 marks)
A B

16 F
E

D 15 G C

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 CHAPTER 10 – PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM SOLUTIONS

Solutions
Multiple Choice
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B
6. D 7. B 8. A 9. A

1. C Idea:
As the hypotenuse is the longest side in the triangle, therefore this
isosceles triangle must refer to “AB = AC ”.

AB 2 + AC 2 = BC 2 (Pyth. thm)
2AB 2 = 144
AB 2 = 72
The area of the triangle
AB 2
=
2
= 36 sq. units

2. C
DB = 102 - 62 = 64 = 8 (Pyth. thm)
DC = 4
AC = 42 + 62 = 52 = 7.21 (Pyth. thm)(corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

3. B Graphical idea:
A 8 B

6 10
4

D E F C

DE = 62 - 42 = 20 (Pyth. thm)
FC = 10 2 - 42 = 84 (Pyth. thm)
Area of the trapezium
20 ´ 4 84 ´ 4
= + + 8´ 4
2 2
= 59.3 sq. units (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

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 CHAPTER 10 – PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM SOLUTIONS

4. B
AC = 182 + 24 2 = 900 = 30 (Pyth. thm)
area of DADC = area of DABC
18 ´ 24 30 ´ BE
=
2 2
BE = 14.4 units

5. B Using the calculator, answers A, C and D give non-recursive numbers.

Only answer B gives the value of 2, which is obviously a rational
number.
Alternatively,
4 4
π× =π ×
π 2
π2
2
=π × =2
π

6. D Let the length and the width of the rectangle be 4k and 3k,
(4k)2 + (3k)2 = 302 (Pyth. thm)
2 2
16k + 9k = 900
25k2 = 900
k2 = 36
The required area
= (4k)(3k)
= 12k2
= 12(36)
= 432 cm2

7. B Idea:
As the hypotenuse is the longest side in the triangle, therefore
isosceles triangle must refer to “AB = BC ”.

AB 2 + BC 2 = AC 2 (Pyth. thm)
2AB 2 = AC 2
AC 2
AB =
2
1
= AC
2

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 CHAPTER 10 – PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM SOLUTIONS

1 2
= ´ AC
2 2
2
= AC
2

8. A Graphical idea:
A

B C
G F

E D

AG = AB + CD – EF = 4
GF = BC – DE = 10
AF = 42 + 10 2 = 116 = 10.8units (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

9. A Idea:
The question is obviously related to similar triangles.

Consider D ADE and D ABC,

ÐAED = ÐACB = 90° (given)
Ð DAE = Ð BAC (common Ð )
Ð ADE = Ð ABC ( Ð sum of D )
D ADE ~ D ABC (AAA)

Note that
AC 2 = AB 2 – CB 2 (Pyth. thm)
AC = (7 + 8)2 − 82 = 161
DE AE
= (corr. sides, ~ D )
BC AC
DE 7
=
8 161
DE = 4.41 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

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 CHAPTER 10 – PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM SOLUTIONS

Solutions

Short and Long Questions

1. In ΔACD ,
1M
AC = ( 3.84)2 + 0.82 = 4.48 (pyth. thm.)
In ΔABC ,

BC = 3.22 − ( 4.48)2 = 5.76 = 2.4 (pyth. thm.) 1A

12
∵ BC = 2.4 = which is a rational number. 1A
5

2 AB2 + BC2 = 202 (Pyth. thm) 1M

2AB2 = 400
AB2 = 200 1A
Consider D AED,
AE2 + ED2 = AD2 (Pyth. thm) 1M
2ED2 = 200
ED2 = 100
ED 2 100
Area of D AED = = = 50 cm2 1A
2 2
2
BC 200
Area of D BCF = = = 100 cm2
2 2
The total area = 200 + 50 + 100 = 350 cm2 1A

3. Let DB = x,
In D DBC,
BC 2 = 202 – x2 (Pyth. thm) 1M
In D ABC,
BC 2 = 342 – (x + 18)2 (Pyth. thm)
So,
202 – x2 = 342 – (x + 18)2 1A
400 – x2 = 1156 – (x2 + 36x + 324) 1M
36x = 432
x = 12 1A
Therefore,
BC = 20 2 - 12 2 = 16 (Pyth. thm)
1A

Reminder:
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

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 CHAPTER 10 – PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM SOLUTIONS

4. Graphical idea:
A B

D E C G

Refer to the figure,

BG = AE = 12
In DBDG , 1M+
DG = 36 - 12 = 1152 (Pyth. thm)
2 2 1A

CG = 1152 - 28
In DBCG ,
BC = BG 2 + CG 2 = 13.4 units (Pyth. thm) (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 1M+
AD = BC = 13.4 units 1A

5. Graphical idea:
A F B

12
20
C
16
E 14 D

Consider that
BD 2 + DC 2
= 122 + 162
= 400
1M
= BD 2
1A
So, ÐBCD = 90° (converse of Pyth. thm)
FB = 18 – 14 = 4
In D FBD,
1M
FD = 20 2 - 42 = 384 (Pyth. thm)
+1A
Therefore, the required area
(18 + 14) ´ 384 12 ´16
= +
2 2 1A
= 410 sq. units

94
 CHAPTER 10 – PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM SOLUTIONS

6. (a) AC2 + CB2

= 122 + 162
= 400
= AB2 1M
So, ÐACB = 90° (converse of Pyth. thm) 1A
and Ð ACD = 90o (adj. Ð s on st. line)
Let Ð ABC = x, then Ð CAB = 90o – x ( Ð sum of D )
then Ð DAC = 90o – (90o – x) = x
then Ð ADC = 90o – x ( Ð sum of D ) 1M
Therefore, DADC ~ DBAC (AAA) 1A

(b) AD AC
= (corr. sides, ~ D ) 1M
BA BC

AD 12
=
20 16
AD = 15 1A
15 ´ 20 1A
the area = = 150 sq.units
2

7. (a) Idea:
Similar triangles again!

Consider DADG and DDEG ,

Ð DGE = Ð AGD (common Ð )
AG 25 5 DG 15 5
= = and = =
DG 15 3 EG 9 3
AG DG 1M
So, =
DG EG 1M+
DADG ~ DDEG (ratio of 2 sides, inc. Ð ) 1A
Ð DEG = Ð ADG = 90 o
(corr. Ð s, ~ D ) 1M
Therefore, DDEG is a right-angled triangle. 1A

(b) 1M+
DE = 152 - 92 = 12 (Pyth. thm)
1A
Ð EDG = Ð DAG (corr. Ð s, ~ D )
1M
Ð ADG = Ð DCF and AD = DC (properties of square)
1M+
DADG ≅ ΔDCF (ASA) 1A
DF = AG = 25 (corr. sides, ≅ D )
EF = 25 – 12 = 13 1A

95