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Factors Influencing Employee Performance at the Banking Sector in Kingdom of

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International Journal on Emerging Technologies 11(5): 304-309(2020)
ISSN No. (Print): 0975-8364
ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3255

Factors Influencing Employee Performance at the Banking Sector in Kingdom of

Bahrain: Literature Review
1 2
Fatima Isa Aldoseri and Qais Ahmed Almaamari
1
Scholar, Department of Human Resource Management,
Gulf University, (Sanad), Kingdom of Bahrain.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Human Resource Management,
Gulf University, (Sanad), Kingdom of Bahrain.
(Corresponding author: Qais Ahmed Almaamari)
(Received 02 July 2020, Revised 07 August 2020, Accepted 01 September 2020)
(Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net)
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors influencing employee performance, namely:
leadership style, job satisfaction, motivation, employee engagement and work environment lead to good
employee performance towards service organizations. Moreover, there isn’t any extensive study which
investigates the relationship between these six factors to performance in service sector. Therefore, this
paper intends to report a literature review exploring the major factors for employee performance in service
organizations. The finding revealed that leadership style, job satisfaction, motivation, employee engagement,
work environment, that have the more significant positive influence on employee performance. The findings
of this article provide policy makers and managers with a practical understanding of the factors that are
likely to impact employee performance in the service sector. Thereby attracting and gaining more customers.
This paper will help service organization’s managers to understand the factors that impact employee
performance would enable managers to develop more effective strategies for increasing employee
performance in service organizations.
Keywords: leadership style, job satisfaction, motivation, employee engagement, work environment, Performance,
Service sector, Kingdom of Bahrain.
I. INTRODUCTION incentive to achieve outstanding performance that leads
to achievement [7].
Bank performance is described as a depiction of how Leaders have a unique role in creating a friendly
the advantages of a bank are used so that it workplace, motivating employees and increasing job
understands their objectives. The term execution of satisfaction, as well as enhancing employee attitudes,
banks usually uses a lot of calculations that indicate all of which determine the efficiency of the workplace, so
how much the bank has been prepared to reach the leadership means the ability to influence others to
previously negotiated goals under the current achieve organizational goals and achieve organizational
circumstances. Throughout recent Decades, banks in vision by influencing employees in various ways[8, 9].
the form of loans and adventure systems have sought to On the other hand, a friendly workplace has a significant
expand financial balance sheets, charges and card impact on the morale and creativity of workers, on the
organisatons [1, 2]. In its late start, the budgetary levels of teamwork, on how they interact and believe
structure has evolved in line with the increasing nature they are part of the company, and on how leaders and
of its environment [3]. employees cope with problems such as turnover and
Leadership has a more powerful effect on employees' conflict [10, 11].
attitude towards their jobs. The leadership role in today's
According to [12] stated that the work place environment
world Organizations have changed, and any also has a huge effect on everyone, even the business.
organization’s success depends on leadership styles. The business won't develop well if the workplace
Although there are different theoretical approaches to environment surrounding it isn't favorable, the quality of
studying leadership styles, the framework for job success is dictated by a healthy work climate.
transformation and transactional leadership has Unhealthy workplace environments will render workers
received considerable support for research [4, 5]. anxious quickly, not happy to work, come late and vice
Research studies conducted on leadership concentrate versa. If the work climate is healthy then the employee
primarily on transformative leadership but some other should be excited about workplace of course [13].
researches also offer transactional leadership The term Motivation comes from the Latin word Movere
significance [6]. which means an action-causing inspiration, motivating
On every company, there are secret soldiers behind force or power [14]. The word Movere in English is often
organizational success and achieve the competitive likened to Motivation, which means giving a reason,
advantage that separates the organization from other develop a motive or of events that give rise to an urge or
organizations in the same sector called employees, a condition that gives rise to an urge. Motivation may be
because managers and leaders need to contribute their described as a motivation to increase one's ability to
strategies to a friendly workplace by the employee function, each motive has a particular purpose to
accomplish [15, 16].
Aldoseri & Almaamari International Journal on Emerging Technologies 11(5): 304-309(2020) 304
Based on [17], revealed that the working climate has According to [35], found that the concept of motivating is
been found to influence the efficiency of the workers. as follows: 'Motivation is an organism's energizing state
Employees are more than an organization’s most that helps to steer the entity towards the target of a
valuable commodity; they play a vital part in overall certain class.' Which implies the motivation is a process
organizational success and potential competitive that drives individuals toward certain goals. Defines
advantage. Employees invest a large portion of their motivation as follows: "Motivation is an invitation to want
time with the company they operate within. The key aim and a guiding power to function [36-39].
of this research is to figure out the work performed in
regards to the working climate and success partnership. H2: Motivation has significantly positively
The quality and quantity of work produced by workers association with Employee performance.
are affected by the work atmosphere when poor climatic C. The Relationship between work environment and
conditions may cause inadequate productivity of the employee performance
worker as well as reduce the satisfaction of their Based on [17]. The working climate has both beneficial
employment [18, 19]. and detrimental effects on the health, efficiency and
commitment of workers. In most industries the work
II. LITERATURE REVIEW place environment is unhealthy. Which involve
improperly built workstations, inadequate furnishing,
A. The Relationship between leadership style and Have little of ventilation, insufficient illumination,
employee performance unnecessary noise, ineffective fire evacuation protection
Transformation and Transactional Leadership members systems and lack of personal protective equipment.
of these leadership models reflect on the interaction
Personnel employed in these conditions are vulnerable
between members and their supporters and how they to workplace disease and it impacts the output of
seek to inspire them to improve their success of their workers [40].
jobs, becoming mindful of their thoughts and desires, Due to the working environment, efficiency is therefore
influence the employee to do their best effort for every. It is the nature of the working atmosphere of the
achieving their assigned goals and to create a better employee that most impacts its morale level and
future for the organization in the assigned job tasks [5, eventual results. How well they interact with the
20]. Leaders in this leadership style try to reward company, especially with their immediate setting,
employees if they achieve their goals and goals to significantly influences their error rate, degree of
create a good impact on employee performance to creativity and cooperation with other workers,
increase commitment and loyalty because they are absenteeism and eventually, How long they 're still in
being in comfortable workplace environment [21-25]. service [41, 42].
According to [26] that employee performance is tailored To order to maximize income for the company,
to a company's capacity and community; successful enterprise or small business, maintaining a work
employee performance can affect the success of the atmosphere to which workers feel successful is
organization. Employee success is affected by complex necessary. Workplace relationships, workplace
considerations such as style of leadership and relationships and work tools, become an essential part
compensation.
of the job itself. The management that specifies
They aim from this research is to evaluate the impact on precisely how to enhance productivity levels around two
employee efficiency of the leadership style and the main focal areas: personal encouragement and
compensation. Moreover, leadership is the capacity to workplace environment infrastructure [43-48].
manipulate a community to accomplish the aim that has
been designed or established leadership style is the H3: Work environment has significantly positively
willingness to provide positive control to others, or association with Employee performance.
through them, to create a concerted attempt to achieve D. The Relationship between job satisfaction and
the intended goals [27-30]. employee performance
Job satisfaction plays a significant role in terms of job
H1: Leadership style has significantly positively performance and, to some degree, in terms of morale,
association with Employee performance quality, relationships with workers, absenteeism and
B. The Relationship between Motivation and employee attrition, well-being and organizations. Assuming that
performance work satisfaction is a complex quality, Situational factors
The empowering motivating job environment should be as well as features of human behavior may be defined
one that views employees fairly. Whatever the amount on-the-job. Studies evaluating relationships between job
of input a single worker has on the processes of the productivity and employee engagement, and the
business as a whole, it is vital for a manager to offer
methodologies utilized, have major variations [49]. Such
each employee a feeling of playing a complicated game, methodologies vary from specific scales, self-report
Vital place in something far greater than that [31]. ratings and peer reviews or supervisor ratings. One
Indeed, the production of loyalty is a key feature of specific study result is that job happiness impacts
inspiring workers and thereby growing the overall employee efficiency and life satisfaction [50, 51].
organizational performance. Praise is one essential tool This connection is conditional-people who tend to be
for empowering workers [32, 33]. Good project comfortable with their career and people who are
managers need to know how to develop the effective satisfied at work tend to be happy in life. In the
worker incentive process. Although supervisors in the background of Nigeria, where unemployment levels are
workforce still often overlook that, there may be a real high and poverty rates are also large, many workers are
job being performed. Through endless cases Praise has
shown efficiency [34].
Aldoseri & Almaamari International Journal on Emerging Technologies 11(5): 304-309(2020) 305
not primarily worried with work satisfaction; But getting a dimensional psychological form that reflects an overall
career 'paying fair salaries. positive impression that people have about their job as a
Most Nigerian workers may not feel happy with the job. whole [70].
That is because too many individuals are seeking so
little job prospects. Businesses thus took unfair B. Two-factor theory
advantage of the job potential to manipulate the cheap In this theory, it focuses on the results of dissatisfaction
labor. The resulting impact is that those fortunate and contentment. As a part of this hypothesis, they
enough to be working never talk about happiness at noticed that certain features of the work were creating
work. It's not enough to earn a paycheck to 'take them satisfaction and therefore inspiration, while some
home [52-55]. aspects were creating worker dissatisfaction [71]. The
reasons that generate the high satisfaction of an
H4: Job satisfaction has significantly positively employee with the work are acceptance, gratitude,
association with Employee performance. accomplishment, advancement, knowledge of the
E. The Relationship between employee engagement individual's importance, ownership of the person's role,
and employee performance desire to improve, and ability to develop, as fulfilling
The job integration defines the degree of passion, such needs contributes to a high degree of job
commitment and honesty the individual feels for his satisfaction and improved performance [72, 73].
position and the organization in which he serves, which
makes respected attempts to accomplish the C. Maslow Theory
organization's goals, its performance, advancement Maslow categorized the individual's desires according to
which continuity [56-58]. Normally, the combined their significance in inspiring him to work. To fulfill them,
employee begins his job aggressively and impulsively in preference and value was assigned to fulfilling the lower
order to do his utmost, and deals for them and actively level above others. The need for a person to move
cares for any small and large worker in the field of his towards the satisfaction of the other level and so divide
employment, and when these roles lead to management these needs at the base of the pyramid, and then the
's approval, respect, motivation and incentive, he will be need for security, love and respect, the ends with the
relaxed in his work and perform in a manner that need for self-realization at the top of the pyramid [74,
strengthens the interests [59]. 75].
According to [60],Employee engagement has been IV. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
conceptualized in different forms, such as the optimistic
mindset of the workers towards the company and its In this below Figure that shows there are different
ideals. Individual achievement is primarily determined Variables. Employee Performance is dependent
by the degree of commitment of an individual for their Variable (DV) while leadership style, job satisfaction,
company and principles. An employee concerned is motivation, employee engagement and work
conscious of the competitive climate and works with environment are Independent Variables (IVs) that have
colleagues to enhance job performance for the benefit positively significantly with Employee performance.
of the company [61].
Study done by [62], Engagement is characterized by
intensity, absorption, dedication, inspiration, vigor,
resolve, enthusiasm and a supportive atmosphere
described as a trigger for employee performance.
According to [63], Committed workers have a good
mindset and a working-based state of mind marked by
vigor, commitment and concentration, rendering workers
physically active in the office, thus reducing the risk of
producing mistakes and failures relevant to the job.
Furthermore, there is a strong relationship between
employee performance and job success through
improved engagement, and it is because engaged
workers feel optimism feelings that develop their
feelings and allow them to be more likely to focus and
engaged at work [64-68]. Fig. 1. Research model of this study (aldoseri, 2020).
H5: Employee Engagement has significantly
positively association with Employee performance V. RECOMMENDATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

III. UNDERPINNING THEORIES Leaders have a unique role in creating a friendly

workplace, motivating employees and increasing job
A. Job satisfaction theories satisfaction, improving employee attitudes, all of these
Job satisfaction in its most general conceptual factors determine the efficiency of the workplace, so
framework is just how satisfied an person has with his leadership means the ability to influence others to
career. We can simply say that job satisfaction relates to achieve organizational goals and achieve organizational
the thoughts and strengths of the people towards their vision, by manipulating staff in various areas and
jobs. Positive and favorable work habits reflect implementing the following suggestions as proactive
workplace satisfaction [69], workplace frustration strategies to develop companies in accordance with the
reflects cynical and unfavorable attitudes towards the competitive edge. By Making the workplace interesting
workplace. This happiness may be affective: a one- to the employee. Check out fresh chairs, prints,
Aldoseri & Almaamari International Journal on Emerging Technologies 11(5): 304-309(2020) 306
paintings, mirrors, roses, dolls, sculptures, rugs, pieces working climate, which does not impact their work
of art, crystals, etc. Inanition, Deleting the garbage when performance any more.
people they do this; they often find a drastic increase in
VII. FUTURE SCOPE
their performance.
Moreover, taking our self-closer to nature by introducing This study was carried out five factors that influence on
a few plants in the office then we find our self even more performance in previous studies. In other hand, they are
loving the climate. Having a good air conditioning is most important elements as well as more frequency in
important, because sometimes we want to feel cooler, literature review. The five factors conducted in Banking
or sometimes we want to do air circulation. Using a service organization at varied countries.
small fan to hold a comfort level right wherever you Now based on the outcomes of this study, we have the
would like it to be. Easily trying to express a few words following future plan and suggestions.
of gratitude or sincere admiration for a well-done job will — The current study will be quite helpful to understand
help to improve the morale of employees. Give rewards, the most variables impacting on performance in banking
be it financial incentives, corporate vehicles or other organizations
stuff. This provides workers with a purpose to strive for,
which can generate excitement that is sometimes ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
infectious among workers. All acknowledgments (if any) should be included at the
Open contact channels for workers and figure out what very end of the paper before the references and may
sort of activities or services will inspire them. It would include supporting grants, presentations, and so forth.
also allow them and realize like they are a major
contributing force for the organization. Understand that Conflict of Interest. The authors confirm that there are
employee morale can be greatly affected by the work no known conflicts of interest associated with this
environment. A bleak workplace lacking in light and Publication of this paper
color will cause depression and lack of motivation.
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How to cite this article: Aldoseri, F. I. and Almaamari, Q. A. (2020). Factors Influencing Employee Performance at
the Banking Sector in Kingdom of Bahrain: Literature Review. International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 11(5):
304–309.

Aldoseri & Almaamari International Journal on Emerging Technologies 11(5): 304-309(2020) 309

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