Other Geological Hazards

1. It is defined as the sinking of the Earth’s surface due to the removal of subsurface support.
A. bolide impact
B. coastal erosion
C. ground subsidence
D. sinkholes
2. What will occur when the rock below the land is either limestone, carbonated rocks, or salt bed and
is continuously penetrated by circulating groundwater for a long time?
A. bolide impact
B. coastal erosion
C. ground subsidence
D. sinkholes
3. Which type of sinkhole forms from the dissolution of limestone or dolomite?
A. cover-collapse sinkholes
B. cover-subsidence sinkholes
C. dissolution sinkholes
D. human-induced sinkholes
4. Which explains best the difference between man-induced causes and natural causes of
ground subsidence?
A. Tectonic motion and sea level rise are examples of natural causes, while man-induced
causes include the heavy withdrawal of groundwater and geothermal fluids, oil, and gas.
B. Tectonic motion and sea level rise are examples of man-induced causes, while natural
causes include the heavy withdrawal of groundwater and geothermal fluids, oil, and gas.
C. Ground subsidence results from natural causes, such as mass movements, while ground
subsidence results from man-induced causes, such as the dissolving of rocks, often by water or
acid.
D. Ground subsidence results from man-induced causes, such as mass movements, while ground
subsidence results from natural causes, such as the dissolving of rocks, often by water or acid.
5. What are the major types of sinkholes?
I. geological and morphological
II. fall, topple, slope, flow, spreads
III. fall, topple, slide, flow, spreads
IV. fall, topple, slope, slide, flow, spreads
A. I only
B. III only
C. IV only
D. II or III
6. It occurs when the detached mass of rocks, soil, and sometimes organic matter moves along
a downward-sloping surface. Which type of landslide is this?
A. flow
B. slide
C. slope
D. topples
7. A flow occurs when materials from gentle slopes are detached and flow like a viscous liquid along
a surface. Which type of landslide is this?
A. flow
B. slide
C. slope
D. topples
8. How would you know if there is an impending landslide?
I. Movement of normally fixed structures such as fences, telephone posts, and other structures on
the ground can be treated as a sign of a possible landslide.
 II. Some changes in the physical aspects of an area, be it part of man-made structures or not, can be
a warning sign of a possible landslide.
III. Cracks or bulges on concrete or paved roads and sidewalks, broken water pipes, and
damaged underground fixtures are some issues associated with major landslide events.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. all of the above
9. Which best explains what coastal erosion is?
A. Coastal erosion can be classified as natural or anthropogenic, temporary, or short-term.
B. It occurs, for example, when strong earthquakes seriously affect land.
C. If the sea level drops, it makes a long-term and permanent retreat of the coast.
D. It involves breaking and removing materials from the coastline due to wave action,
tidal currents, and human activities.
10. It defines the weather conditions of an area and affects the physical phenomena of coastal zones, such
as waves, underwater currents, and storm surges. The wind regime is related to wind waves and coastal
currents. Which factor that influences coastal erosion is being discussed?
A. climate
B. global sea level rise
C. lithology of rocks
D. man-made interventions
11. Why is the lithology of rocks a factor that influences coastal erosion?
A. Because a rock’s exposure to wave activities can result in the removal of base materials
from the land.
B. Because a rock’s exposure to wave activities can result in the removal of base materials
from the shore.
C. The softness of the rock and its resistance to subaerial and marine erosion affect
its susceptibility or resistance to weathering and erosion.
D. Because the hardness of the rock is not resistant to subaerial and marine erosion, it affects
its susceptibility or resistance to weathering and erosion.
12. Which of the following statements is not true about man-made interventions?
A. It contributes to the faster warming of the Earth.
B. Sand extraction is harmful to coastal areas and their inhabitants.
C. Because of man-made intervention, coastal areas become vulnerable to the effects of
these human developments.
D. The rise in sea level contributes to the thermal expansion of ocean water and ice sheet
melting in the polar regions.
13. How would you differentiate bolide and super bolide?
I. Bolide impact depends on the features of the foreign body that enters the Earth, like its
size, composition, density, and ability to survive its entry to Earth, while super bolides can
have cratering formation impacts.
II. Bolide is a generic term that defines any celestial body entering the Earth’s surface and creating
a fireball. Super bolide is the term used to describe a relatively larger bolide.
III. Both stony bolides and super bolides can flatten the impact site without leaving a crater
formation, while a metallic bolide can create a vast crater.
A. I only
B. I and III
C. I and II only
D. all of the above

14. What happened to the experimental missions being done by space agencies to prepare for
bolide hazards?
I. It was not successful due to the lack of technology.
 II. NASA’s Deep Impact mission successfully caused an impact to collide with the nucleus of
a comet.
III. It impacted its target and highlighted the complex autonomous guidance necessary to do so.
A. I only
B. II only
C. II and III
D. all of the above
15. If you will suggest ways to avoid or mitigate the impact of bolide collision, which of the following
tips would you recommend?
I. Announce a public warning.
II. Use a laser beam to move the Near-Earth Object (NEO).
III. Use large lenses or mirrors to refocus the Earth’s energy on a NEO.
IV. IV. Have and use another object to collide with a NEO to deflect it or change its velocity.
A. I only
B. I and III
C. II and IV
D. all of the above
16. How would you explain the effect of super bolides?
A. It can lower the sea level.
B. It can make the Earth’s climate colder.
C. It can decrease the incidence of climate change.
D. It can give intense tectonic activities, earthquakes, and increased volcanism.

Hydrometeorological Hazards
17. What is the average number of tropical cyclones that the Philippines experiences in a year?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 25
D. 30
18. What does the Public Storm Warning Signal (PSWS) do?
A. It is the warning issued in the affected areas to inform the public about the
interruption schedule of electricity due to the storm.
B. It is the warning issued to the whole country to inform the public of the things they must
prepare for the upcoming storm.
C. It is the warning issued to the whole country to inform the public about the evacuation
center and relief operations after the storm.
D. It is the warning issued in the affected areas to inform the public of the storm's
projected impacts and how soon they are expected to be felt
19. Which of the following is not a precautionary measure for a typhoon?
A. Do not go out until it has been declared safe to do so.
B. Stay indoors and ensure that the windows and doors are locked.
C. Go around the community to check the status or situation within your area.
D. Stay updated on the location and expected impacts of the typhoon through whatever device
is at your disposal.
20. Which category from the table correctly matches its corresponding sustained wind speed?
 A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II, III, and IV
D. IV only
21. What are the signs of approaching thunderstorms?
I. Strong, chilly bursts of wind suddenly replace the gentle warm air.
II. There are lightning strikes accompanied by deafening thunder and abrupt, intense rain.
III. There are forecasts and weather bulletins to inform the public of any impending thunderstorms.
A. I, II, and III
B. I and II
C. I and III
D. III only
22. What type of thunderstorm is highly organized with a large rotating updraft that can be 20 km
in diameter and 15 km in height?
A. multi-cell thunderstorm
B. single thunderstorm
C. thunderstorm
D. supercell thunderstorm
23. What type of thunderstorm has a system of individual cells, with each cell usually lasting for 30
minutes to an hour, while the entire system can last for hours?
A. multi-cell thunderstorm
B. single thunderstorm
C. squall thunderstorm
D. supercell thunderstorm
24. Which of the following should you do during a thunderstorm?
A. I will keep my phone fully charged.
B. I would stay in my car if I were on the road.
C. If I were in an open field, I would hide under the trees or under a post.
D. If I were in an open field, I would keep my distance from trees or other high points.
25. What type of hydrometeorological hazard happens when some areas usually not covered by water
are engulfed or submerged?
A. flooding
B. thunderstorm
C. typhoon
D. storm surge
26. Which statement explains why vegetation lessens runoff?
A. The water flows more rapidly.
B. The water moves downslope and lessens the runoff.
C. Vegetation absorbs water and improves the ability of the ground to take in more moisture.
D. Vegetation is more dominant in impermeable materials such as clay or where the soil is
too saturated to allow infiltration.
27. Why are flood hazard maps important?
A. These would help the public to be informed about the storm signals.
B. These are used to share with the public where the evacuation centers are.
C. These would help the public be informed when the heavy rain would stop.
D. These are used to anticipate the degree of flooding in an area and the extent of damage
that the event can cause.
28. What does an orange alert mean in a storm surge warning system?
A. Storm surge is catastrophic.
B. Storm surge is expected.
C. Storm surge is possible.
D. No action is required
29. What action needs to be taken if there is a yellow alert in a storm surge warning system?
A. There is no action required.
 B. Mandatory evacuation must be enforced.
C. Preparation measures must be carried out.
D. All marine activities must be cancelled and the guidelines from local authorities must be
followed.
30. Which best explains the factors that affect the occurrence and severity of a storm surge?
A. Slow storms generate more storm surges on spiral coastlines, while slow-moving ones have
a greater effect on bays and estuaries.
B. Storm surge depends on factors such as strength and speed of the storm, shape and
characteristics of the coast, angle of approach of the storm to the coast, and width and slope of
the continental shelf.
C. Storm surge depends on factors such as signal and speed of the storm, shape and
characteristics of the coast, angle of approach of the storm to the land, and width and slope of the
continental shelf.
D. Storm surge depends on factors such as strength and speed of the storm shape, and
characteristics of the coast, angle of approach of the storm to the coast, and thickness of air and
slope of the continental shelf.
31. Which of the following should be done in preparing for a storm surge?
I. Keep track of any storm signal or storm surge warnings and related announcements.
II. Stay away from low-lying areas or steep coastal areas prone to landslides.
III. Prepare evacuation plans and procedures.
A. I only
B. I and II
C. II and III
D. All of the above.
32. How would you explain the difference between El Niño and La Niña?
A. La Niña is characterized by sea surface temperatures higher than average, while El Niño is
characterized by sea surface temperatures lower than average, which is more profitable for
the fish industry.
B. La Niña is characterized by sea surface temperatures higher than average, while El Niño is
characterized by sea surface temperatures lower than average, which is more profitable for
agriculture.
C. El Niño brings fewer storms but is also associated with severe dry spells or droughts. On the
other hand, La Niña is correlated with destructive typhoons and heavy rainfall and is
associated with landslides and floods.
D. La Niña brings fewer storms but is also associated with severe dry spells or droughts. On the
other hand, El Niño is correlated with destructive typhoons and heavy rainfall and is associated
with landslides and floods.
Fire Hazards

33. It is the source of oxygen in the fire triangle.

A. air
B. flame
C. fuel
D. heat
34. In striking a matchstick, the heat source is the .
A. flame at the matchstick head and the tinder
B. friction between the matchstick head and a dry surface
C. ignition of the matchstick
D. smoke from the matchstick
35. Electrical wire insulation prevents the transfer of to other conductors.
A. air
B. electricity
C. fuel
D. heat
36. Covering a burning candle with a glass removes .
A. fuel
B. heat
C. light
D. oxygen
37. A frying pan blaze is caused by the .
A. high temperature of cooking oil
B. large amount of cooking oil
C. type of cooking oil
D. water in the cooking oil
38. It is best to feel if the doors and their knobs or handles are warm or hot during a fire. Opening the
room allows in, producing a blaze of fire.
A. air
B. fire
C. fuel
D. heat
39. When you are in a room, you should know ways out of a room.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
40. What is the message of this fire safety sign?

A. Do not use liquid on fire.

B. flammable substance warning
C. fire hazard warning
D. No naked flames.
41. Your clothing catches fire while cooking or working in a science lab. The best thing to do is .
A. to run and call for help
B. to get water from the faucet and pour water over your clothing
C. to sprinkle baking soda on your clothing
D. to stop, drop and roll
42. What is the best thing to do if your house is burning and a family member is trapped inside?
A. Ask a male adult neighbor to rescue the family member.
B. Get back inside your home to rescue the family member.
C. Inform the firefighters.
D. Scream for help.
43. What is the best thing to do if you encounter smoke from a fire in your escape route?
A. Crawl or keep low under the smoke on your way out.
B. Hide in a closet.
C. Scream and wait for the rescue.
D. Stop, drop, and roll.
44. If a fire breaks out in your house, .
A. call the neighbors or your family for help
B. call the fire department
C. immediately leave the house and call the fire department
D. gather all your valuables, turn off the electricity and gas, then call the fire department
45. Who should participate in practicing fire drills?
A. school children
B. older members of the family
C. all family and household members
 D. firefighters and rescue teams
46. Where is the ideal location for the bedrooms of children or older people?
A. lowest level of the house plan
B. second level of the house plan
C. highest level of the house plan
D. any level of the house plan
47. What is the color code for a fire emergency exit sign?
A. green, a universal message for “Go!”
B. red, a prohibition
C. blue, a mandatory message
D. yellow, a warning sign
48. What is the best thing to do upon reaching the family meeting place?
A. Ask your neighbor to rescue the person trapped inside your house.
B. Follow your communication plan.
C. Leave the meeting place to look for the other family members.
D. Wait for the others to come.

DRR & DRRM

49. What are the two elements that determine exposure?
A. hazard and adaptive capacity
B. hazard and population
C. hazard and susceptibility
D. hazard and vulnerability
50. What are the three elements that determine vulnerability?
A. exposure, risk, and susceptibility
B. hazard, exposure, and population
C. social conditions, adaptive capacity, and exposure
D. susceptibility, coping capacity, and adaptive capacity
51. How do exposure and vulnerability increase risk?
A. if both exposure and vulnerability are high
B. if both exposure and vulnerability are low
C. if exposure is high, and vulnerability is low
D. if exposure is low, and vulnerability is high
52. Japan has a high exposure to hazards. What is its countermeasure to lower its disaster risk?
A. It controls population growth and migration to hazardous areas.
B. It has improved its monitoring and warning systems against hazards.
C. It has a better economy to support better living conditions, coping capacities for disasters, and
long-term adaptive capacities.
D. It has partnered with the UN and other nations in drafting disaster preparedness and
risk reduction management plans.
53. What causes the high exposure of India, Indonesia, and the Philippines to risk?
A. adverse effects of hazards
B. increased population
C. low literacy rate
D. poverty
54. What does a high vulnerability of 58.41 for the Philippines mean?
A. Exposure to hazards is high.
B. Hazards are frequent with increased intensity.
C. Population growth is fast.
D. Susceptibility is high.
55. Social conditions have an inverse relationship to vulnerability. The statement is .
A. True. Poverty, poor living conditions, and low literacy rates aggravate susceptibility.
B. True. Poverty, poor living conditions, and low literacy rates aggravate exposure.
C. False. Vulnerability is limited to demographics.
 D. False. Social conditions do not affect vulnerability.
56. What is the role of information and communication technology in DRRM?
A. They facilitate analysis in every phase of DRRM.
B. They facilitate analysis and assessment in every phase of DRRM.
C. They facilitate analysis, assessment, and monitoring in every phase of DRRM.
D. They facilitate analysis, assessment, monitoring, and implementation in every phase of
DRRM.
57. Sensors, satellite data, and data collection and evaluation are under which phase of
disaster management?
A. Disaster preparation
B. Early warning
C. Recovery and reconstruction
D. Risk analysis and prevention
58. Which is not a disaster preparation?
A. Documentation and monitoring of relief measures
B. Environmental status and protection
C. Hazard mapping
D. Training and drills
59. The cycle of analysis, assessment, monitoring, and implementation belongs to which phase of
disaster management?
A. Disaster preparation and early warning
B. Disaster preparation and recovery
C. Recovery, reconstruction, and prevention
D. All phases of DRRM
60. What is a digitalized approach in a community-based preparedness plan?
A. It has the application of networking and consultations.
B. It has the application of push notifications in apps, mass SMS, and social media.
C. It has the application of big data and artificial intelligence.
D. It has the application of information and communication technologies.
61. What distinguishes a community-based preparedness plan?
A. application of engineering and technologies
B. active participation of citizens in a community
C. sustained local and international support
D. use of database and social media
62. The Philippines has a high exposure value due to its population of 110 million. How do we turn
this limitation into an opportunity to improve the country’s risk index?
A. Build more evacuation centers and prepare more relief goods.
B. Control population growth and discourage migration to cities.
C. Increase the coping and adaptive capacities of its citizens.
D. Reduce exposure to hazards.
63. If disaster strikes and you are in a workplace or school, what should be in your survival backpack?
A. water, food, flashlight, batteries, face masks, first aid kit, and walking shoes
B. water, food, flashlight, junk foods, jacket, first aid kit, and headgear
C. water, food, flashlight, batteries, blanket, toys, and map
D. water, food, flashlight, batteries, credit card, first aid kit, and perfume
64. Digital solutions take which perspective in DRR and DRRM?
A. Civics and Law
B. Culture and Languages
C. Finance and Economics
D. Science and Technology
Purpose: The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) is mandated
by Republic Act 10121 to implement its programs through the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Council (NDRRMC). The Council is the implementing body of DRRM. It is
composed of lead agencies which will ensure the coordination, integration, monitoring, and
evaluation across all levels, from local communities to the national level.

A
D

Purpose: The Sendai Framework of 2015-2030 Priority Actions 1 and 2 prioritize DRRM
information and services. It is the understanding of disaster risk that will drive Filipino citizens
to reduce their vulnerabilities. It is also the understanding of disaster risk that will mobilize
better governance through services that will help achieve reduced vulnerability. This activity
aims to
expand and explore the NDRRMP’s information and services resources. This activity intends to
identify the opportunities and limitations of the DRRM resources.

A brand promise is a value or an experience proposition to a customer whose needs you want to
deliver or fulfill. Your design is carefully tailored to answer his or her nee compelling your
customer to buy your product and services. It is the promise of your product and services to the
customer. The brand promise defines the integrity of yo team over time.

Core Values (Values and Attitudes)

● Promote accountability in the community.
● Care for the environment and support sustainable practices.
● Create purpose in life by being of service to others.
 Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-30 Priorities for Action 1 Section NDRRMP:
Prevention and Mitigation
1. Improve access, understanding, and use of updated risk information, DRR-related statistics, and research

2. Apply integrated risk management assessment tools

3. Implement risk-centered national, sub-national, and sectoral policies, plans and budgets

4. Institutionalize timely, responsive, context- and culture-specific ear warning systems

5. Access to effectiv responsive and inclusive risk financing a insurance mechanisms

6. Improve and protect ecosystem integrity

7. Build resilience of livelihoods and businesses

8. Disaster-resilient human settlements
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030

1. reduced mortality rate

2. decreased number of affected people

3. reduced disaster-related economic loss

4. decreased infrastructure damages and disruption of basic services

5. increased number of countries with effective national and local disaster risk reduction strategies by
the year 2020
6. enhanced international cooperation to developing countries

7. increased availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk
information and assessment
Implementing Body of DRRM
Lead DRRMC in a Disaster Situation

● Barangay LDRRMC – if a disaster affects one barangay

● City or Municipal LDRRMC - if more than one barangay is affected

● Provincial LDRRMC - if more than one city/municipality is affected

● Regional DRRMC - if more than one province is affected

● National DRRMC - if more than one region is affected

Declaration of Calamity

Recommendation to the president of the Philippines

Utilization of national budget

Remedial measures

● price control and prevention of hoarding

● rehabilitation

● granting of no-interest loans

Components of Project NOAH

1. HYDROMET – The installation of 600 automated rain gauges (ARGs) and 400 water level monitoring
systems (WLMSs) in 18 major river basins (RBs) aims to improve flood forecasting and warning
systems.

2. DREAM-LiDAR – This technology provides accurate 3D flood inundation and hazard mapping of
flood-prone areas.
3. Geohazard mapping through LiDAR – This project uses LiDAR and computer analyses to identify
areas at risk of landslides.
4. CHASSAM – This project aims to solve coastal erosion by generating wave surges, wave refraction,
and coastal circulation models.
5. FloodNET –This project operates a flood center that provides flood early warning systems.

6. LaDDeRs – This project aims to develop local capacity to design, fabricate, and operate subsystems of
Doppler radars.

7. Landslides sensors development project – This project develops low-cost, locally produced sensors for
landslides, slope failures, and debris flow monitoring and early warning systems for these disasters.
8. WHIP – This project uses TV and web portal platforms to provide real-time satellite, Doppler radar,
ARG, and WLMs data to empower local government units, conduct information, education
activities, and public information use.