Is Matter Around Us Pure

Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
How can you change a saturated solution to an unsaturated solution without
adding any more solvent to it?
Answer:
By heating the saturated solution, it becomes unsaturated.

Question 2.
Sucrose (sugar) crystals obtained from sugarcane and beetroot are mixed
together. Will it be a pure substance or a mixture? Give reasons for the
same. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
It is a pure substance because chemical composition of sugar crystals is
same irrespective of its source.

Question 3.
Based on which factor a solution is said to be diluted, concentrated or
saturated?
Answer:
A solution is said to be diluted, concentrated or saturated on the basis of the
amount of solute dissolved in the solution.

Question 4.
Identify solute and solvent in ‘tincture of iodine’.
Answer:
Iodine is the solute and alcohol is the solvent.

Question 5.
What is mass per cent of a solution?
Answer:
It is defined as the mass in grams of the solute present in one hundred
grams of a solution.

Question 6.
What are the two components of a colloidal solution?
Answer:
The two components of a colloidal solution are dispersed phase and
dispersing medium.

Question 7.
In what respect does a true solution differ from a colloidal solution?
Answer:
A true solution is homogeneous whereas a colloidal solution is
heterogeneous.

Question 8.
Two liquids ‘A’ and ‘B’ are miscible with each other at room temperature.
Which separation technique will you apply to separate the mixture of ‘A’ and
‘B’ if the difference in their boiling points is 27°C?
Answer:
We can separate two miscible liquids by fractional distillation, if both the
liquids have difference in their boiling points. So, the mixture of liquids ‘A’
and ‘B’ can be separated by fractional distillation.

Question 9.
Define crystallisation.
Answer:
It is a process that separates a pure solid in the form of its crystals from a
solution.

Question 10.
Why is crystallisation technique considered better than simple evaporation to
purify solids?
Answer:
Crystallisation is considered better than simple evaporation because

 some solids decompose or get charred on heating to dryness.

 some impurities may remain dissolved in the solution even after
filtration. On evaporation, these contaminate the solid.

Question 11.
Why is water called universal solvent?
Answer:
Water is known as universal solvent because it has the ability to dissolve
wide variety of substances.

Question 12.
Which of the following are physical changes?
Melting of iron metal, rusting of iron, bending of iron rod, drawing a wire of
iron metal.
Answer:
Melting of iron metal, bending of iron rod and drawing a wire of iron metal
are physical changes because there is no change in the chemical
composition of iron, only its form is changing.

Question 13.
Name two elements which exist in liquid state at room temperature.
Answer:
Gallium and mercury exist in liquid state at room temperature.

Question 14.
An unknown substance ‘A’ on thermal decomposition produces ‘B’ and ‘C’.
What is ‘A’—an element, a compound or a mixture?
Answer:
Unknown substance ‘A’ should be a compound because elements and
mixture do not decompose.

Question 15.
Identify the elements from the following substances: sulphur, brine,
hydrochloric acid, water, neon, paper, sugar.
Answer:
The elements are sulphur and neon.

Short Answer Questions-I

Question 1.
‘Sea water can be classified as homogeneous as well as heterogeneous
mixture.’ Comment. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Sea water is a mixture of salts and water which cannot be separated except
by evaporation. Therefore, sea water is considered homogeneous.
Sea water also contains mud, decayed plant, etc., other than salts and water,
so it is heterogeneous also.

Question 2.
Why is it not possible to distinguish particles of a solute from the solvent in
solution?
Answer:
A true solution is homogeneous in nature. The solute and solvent particles
are very small. They cannot be distinguished even under a microscope.
Question 3.
Explain why particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down when left
undisturbed, while in the case of a suspension they do. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Particle size in a suspension is larger than those in a colloidal solution. Also
molecular interaction in a suspension is not strong enough to keep the
particles suspended and hence they settle down.

Question 4.
Identify colloids and true solutions from the following:
Pond water, fog, aluminium paint, vinegar and glucose solution.
Answer:
True solutions are vinegar and glucose solution. Colloids are fog, aluminium
paint.

Question 5.
Give two examples each for

 Aerosol,
 Emulsion.

Answer:

 Aerosol: Clouds, smoke

 Emulsion: Milk, face cream.

Question 6.
Smoke and fog both are aerosols. In what way are they different? [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
Both fog and smoke have gas as the dispersion medium. The only difference
is that the dispersed phase in fog is liquid and in smoke it is a solid.

Question 7.
What do you understand by the term distillation? Give its one application.
Answer:
Distillation is a process of boiling a liquid and then condensing the vapour
obtained into a liquid. This process is used to obtain wines from the
sugarcane juice.

Question 8.
While diluting a solution of salt in water, a student by mistake added acetone
(boiling point 56°C). What technique can be employed to get back the
acetone? Justify your choice. [NCERTExemplar]
Answer:
Distillation is used to get back acetone. We know that boiling point of water
is 100°C and since acetone is more volatile it will separate out first.

Question 9.
Define chromatography and give its one application.
Answer:
Chromatography is a technique used for the separation of a mixture of
solutes brought about by distribution of dissolved material between two
immiscible phases, one of which is mobile phase and the other part is
stationary phase. It is useful in forensic science to detect and identify trace
amounts of substances in the contents of bladder or stomach.

Question 10.
Rain water stored in a tank contains sand grains, unfiltrable clay particles,
calcium carbonate, salt, pieces of paper and some air bubbles. Select from
amongst these one example each of a solvent, a solute, a colloid and a
suspension.
Answer:
Solvent – water Solute – salt
Colloid – air bubbles Suspension – clay particles.

Question 11.
Classify the following as physical or chemical properties:
(a) The composition of a sample of steel is 98% iron, 1.5% carbon and 0.5%
other elements.
(b) Zinc dissolves in hydrochloric acid with the evolution of hydrogen gas.
(c) Metallic sodium is soft enough to be cut with a knife.
(d) Most metal oxides form alkalis on interacting with water. [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
Physical properties—(a) and (c)
Chemical properties—(b) and (d)

Question 12.
Give two points of differences between an element and a compound.
Answer:

Element Compound
 1. An element 1. A compound

is made up of is obtained

same kind of from different

atoms. kinds of atoms.

2. An element 2. A compound

cannot be can be split

split by into new

physical or substances by

chemical chemical

methods. methods.

Question 13.
Which of the following are not compounds?
(a) Chlorine gas
(b) Potassium chloride
(c) Iron
(d) Iron sulphide
(e) Aluminium
(f) Iodine
(g) Carbon
(h) Carbon monoxide
(i) Sulphur powder
Answer:
Chlorine gas, iron, aluminium, iodine, carbon, sulphur powder.

Question 14.
Is water an element or a compound? Give reason in support of your
statement
Answer:
Water is a compound because of the following reasons:
  It is composed of two different elements, hydrogen and oxygen
which cannot be separated by physical methods. They can be
separated only by electrolysis.
 The physical and chemical properties of hydrogen and oxygen are
entirely different from the properties of water.

Short Answer Questions-II

Question 1.
Identify the dispersed phase and dispersing medium in the following colloids.
(a) Fog
(b) Cheese
(c) Coloured gemstone
Answer:
(a) Fog—liquid, gas
(b) Cheese—liquid, solid
(c) Coloured gemstone—solid, solid

Question 2.
Describe any three properties of colloid.
Answer:

 It is a heterogenous mixture.
 Size of particles is too small to be seen by naked eye.
 They scatter light passing through them making its path visible.
 They do not settle down when left undisturbed.
 They cannot be separated by the process of filtration, (any three
points)

Question 3.
State the principle of separating two immiscible liquids by separating funnel.
Describe an activity with diagram to separate a mixture of water and
kerosene oil.
Answer:
Immiscible layers separate out in layers depending on their densities in
separating funnel.
Activity to separate kerosene oil from water using a separating funnel:

 Pour the mixture of kerosene oil and water in separating funnel as

shown in figure.
 Let it stand undisturbed for sometime so that separate layers of
oil and water are formed.
 Open the stopcock of the separating funnel and pour out the
lower layer of water carefully.
 Close the stopcock of the separating funnel as the oil reaches the
stopcock.

Question 4.
What would you observe when
(a) a saturated solution of potassium chloride prepared at 60°C is allowed to
cool at room temperature?
(b) an aqueous sugar solution is heated to dryness?
(c) a mixture of iron filings and sulphur powder is heated strongly? [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Solid potassium chloride will separate out.
(b) Initially the water will evaporate and then sugar will get charred.
(c) Iron sulphide will be formed.

Question 5.
Suggest separation technique (s) one would need to employ to separate the
following mixtures:
(a) Mercury and water
(b) Potassium chloride and ammonium chloride
(c) Common salt, water and sand
(d) Kerosene oil, water and salt. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Separation by using separating funnel
(b) Sublimation
(c) Filtration to separate sand followed by evaporation/distillation
(d) Separation by using separating funnel to separate kerosene oil followed
by evaporation or distillation.

Question 6.
Name the process associated with the following:
(a) Dry ice is kept at room temperature and at one atmospheric pressure.
(b) A potassium permanganate crystal is in a beaker and water is poured into
the beaker with stirring.
(c) An acetone bottle is left open and the bottle becomes empty.
(d) Milk is churned to separate cream from it.
(e) Settling of sand when a mixture of sand and water is left undisturbed for
some time.
(f) Fine beam of light entering through a small hole in a dark room,
illuminates the particles in its paths. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Sublimation
(b) Dissolution/diffusion
(c) Evaporation/diffusion
(d) Centrifugation
(e) Sedimentation
(f) Scattering of light (Tyndall effect).

Question 7.
On heating, calcium carbonate gets converted into calcium oxide and carbon
dioxide.
(a) Is this a physical or a chemical change?
(b) Can you prepare one acidic and one basic solution by using the products
formed in the above process? If so, write the chemical equation involved.
[NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Chemical change.
(b) Acidic and basic solutions can be prepared by dissolving the products of
the above process in water.
CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 (basic solution)
CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 (acidic solution)

Question 8.
Non-metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are non-
lustrous, non-sonorous, non-malleable and are coloured.
(a) Name a lustrous non-metal.
(b) Name a non-metal which exists as a liquid at room temperature.
(c) The allotropic form of a non-metal is a good conductor of electricity.
Name the allotrope.
(d) Name a non-metal which is known to form the largest number of
compounds.
(e) Name a non-metal other than carbon which shows allotropy.
(f) Name a non-metal which is required for combustion. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Iodine
(b) Bromine
(c) Graphite
(d) Carbon
(e) Sulphur
(f) Oxygen

Question 9.
Classify the following into metals, non-metals and metalloids:
(i) Germanium
(ii) Boron
(iii) Diamond
(iv) Iodine
(v) Copper
(vi) Helium.
Answer:
Metal – Copper
Non-metals – Diamond, iodine and helium
Metalloids – Germanium, boron.

Question 10.
Classify the following into elements, compounds and mixtures.
(i) Pure sand
(ii) Air
(iii) Ammonia gas
(iv) Ice
(v) Glass
(vi) CaO.
Answer:
Elements – Nil
Compounds – Pure sand, Ice, CaO, Ammonia gas
Mixture – Air, Glass.
Is Matter Around Us Pure Class 9 Extra
Questions Long Answer Questions
Question 1.
Differentiate between a true solution and a colloid.
Answer:

Question 2.
Distinguish between physical change and chemical change.
Answer:

Question 3.
Distinguish between metals and non-metals.
Answer:

Question 4.
Distinguish between compounds and mixtures.
Answer:

Question 5.
A group of students took an old shoe box and covered it with a black paper
from all sides. They fixed a source of light (a torch) at one end of the box by
making a hole in it and made another hole on the other side to view the light.
They placed a milk sample contained in a beaker/tumbler in the box as
shown in the figure. They were amazed to see that milk taken in the tumbler
was illuminated. They tried the same activity by taking a salt solution but
found that light simply passed through it.
(a) Explain why the milk sample was illuminated. Name the phenomenon
involved.

(b) Same results were not observed with a salt solution. Explain.
(c) Can you suggest two more solutions which would show the same effect as
shown by the milk solution? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Milk is a colloid. If a beam of light is put on a milk sample contained in a
beaker, the path of light beam is illuminated and becomes visible when seen
from the other side. This is because the colloidal particles are big enough to
scatter light falling on them. This scattered light enters our eyes and we are
able to see the path of light beam.
The scattering of light by colloidal particles is known as Tyndall effect.
(b) Salt solution is a true solution. If a beam of light is put on a salt solution
kept in a beaker in a dark room, the path of light beam is not visible inside
the solution when seen from the other side. This is because salt particles
present in it are so small that they cannot scatter light rays falling on them.
(c) Detergent solution, sulphur solution.

Question 6.
Fractional distillation is suitable for separation of miscible liquids with a
boiling point difference of about 25 K or less. What part of fractional
distillation apparatus makes it efficient and possess an advantage over a
simple distillation process? Explain using a diagram. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
The fractionating column packed with glass beads provides a surface for the
vapours to collide and lose energy so that they can be quickly condensed
and distilled. Also, length of the column would increase the efficiency of
separation.

Question 7.
A child wanted to separate the mixture of dyes constituting a sample of ink.
He marked a line by the ink on the filter paper and placed the filter paper in
a glass containing water as shown in figure. The filter paper was removed
when the water moved near the top of the filter paper.
(i) What would you expect to see, if the ink contains three different coloured
components?
(ii) Name the technique used by the child.
(iii) Suggest one more application of this technique. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(i) The colour component which is more soluble in water dissolves first, rises
faster and produces a colour band (spot) on the paper at a higher position.
The less soluble colour components dissolve a little later, rise slower and
form coloured bands at lower heights. In this way, three different bands will
be observed.
(ii) Chromatography
(iii) To separate the pigments present in chlorophyll.

Question 8.
You are provided with a mixture containing sand, iron filings, ammonium
chloride and sodium chloride. Describe the procedures you would use to
separate these constituents from the mixture. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:

 Removing iron filings from the mixture by magnetic separation.

Take the mixture in a petri dish and roll a bar magnet over it. Iron
filings will get attach to the magnet and thus separate from the
mixture.
 Removing ammonium chloride by sublimation Transfer the
remaining mixture into China dish and heat it. On heating,
ammonium chloride sublimes and solidifies on condensation. The
mixture containing sand and sodium chloride left behind in the
China dish.
 Removing sand by filtration Make a solution of sand and sodium
chloride in water. Filter the solution. Sodium chloride will dissolve
in water and sand is left as residue on the filter paper.
 Evaporate the filtrate to dryness to get sodium chloride or by
crystallisation.

Question 9.
Classify each of the following as a physical or a chemical change. Give
reasons.
(a) Drying of a shirt in the sun.
(b) Rising of hot air over a radiator.
(c) Burning of kerosene in a lantern.
(d) Change in the colour of black tea on adding lemon juice to it.
(e) Churning of milk cream to get butter. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) It is a physical change because water is converted from its liquid state to
gaseous state because of the sun’s heat.
(b) It is a physical change because water in the radiator is converted from a
liquid state to gaseous state.
(c) It is a chemical change because combustion of kerosene occurs and new
products are formed.
(d) It is a chemical change because there is a reaction between the citric
acid in the lemon and the compounds of tea resulting in formation of new
products.
(e) It is a physical change because the cream suspended in the milk is
separated by churning.

Question 10.
Show diagrammatically how water is purified in the waterworks system and
list the processes involved.
Answer:

Question 11.
Iron filings and sulphur were mixed together and divided into two parts ‘A’
and ‘S’. Part ‘A’ was heated strongly while Part ‘S’ was not heated. Dilute
hydrochloric acid was added to both the parts and evolution of gas was seen
in both the cases. How will you identify the gases evolved?
[NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Part A
Fe(s)+S(s)⟶HeatFeS(s)
FeS(s) + 2HCl(aq) → FeCl2(aq) + H2S(g)
Part B
Fe(i) + S(s) → Mixture of iron filings and sulphur
When dilute HCl is added to it
Fe(s) + S(s) + 2HCl(aq) → FeCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Sulphur remains unreacted.
H2S gas formed has a foul smell and on passing through lead acetate
solution, it turns the solution black. Hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound.
Numericals
Question 1.
0.5 g of salt is dissolved in 25 g of water. Calculate the percentage amount
of the salt in the solution.
Solution:
Mass of salt present = 0.5 g

∴ Percentage amount of the salt = 0.50.5+25×100 = 1.96%

Mass of water present in solution = 25 g

Question 2.
A solution of urea in water contains 16 grams of it in 120 grams of solution.
Find out the mass percentage of the solution.
Solution:
Mass of urea present in solution = 16 g
Mass of solution = 120 g

Question 3.
A solution has been prepared by mixing 5.6 mL of alcohol with 75 mL of
water. Calculate the percentage (by volume) of alcohol in the solution.
Solution:
Volume of alcohol present in solution = 5.6 mL
Volume of water = 75 mL
Total volume of solution = (75 + 5.6) mL = 80.6 mL

Question 4.
A solution contains 30 g of glucose, 20 g of salt in 500 mL of water. Calculate
the mass per cent of
(a) glucose,
(b) salt (density of water = 1 g /mL).
Solution:
Mass of glucose present in the solution = 30 g
Mass of salt present in the solution = 20 g
Mass of water = 500 g
Total mass of the solution = (30 + 20 + 500)g
= 550 g

Question 5.
During an experiment the students were asked to prepare a 10%
(Mass/Mass) solution of sugar in water. Ramesh dissolved 10 g of sugar in
100 g of water while Sarika prepared it by dissolving 10 g of sugar in water
to make 100 g of the solution. [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Are the two solutions of the same concentration?
(b) Compare the mass % of the two solutions.
Solution:
(a) No.

The solution prepared by Sarika has a higher mass per cent than that
prepared by Ramesh.
Question 6.
Calculate the mass of sodium sulphate required to prepare its 20% (mass per
cent) solution in 100 g of water. [NCERT Exemplar]
Solution:
Let the mass of sodium sulphate required be x g.
The mass of solution would be = (x + 100)g

So, the mass of sodium sulphate required is 25 g.

Question 7.
Calculate the mass of water and glucose required to make 250 g of 40%
solution of glucose.
Solution:
Mass of solution = 250g

∴ Mass of glucose = 40×250100 = 100g

Mass of solution = Mass of glucose + Mass of water
So, Mass of water = Mass of solution – Mass of glucose
= 250g – 100g = 150g
Question 8.
How much water should be mixed with 12 mL of alcohol so as to obtain 12%
alcohol solution?
Solution:
Volume of solute =12 mL
Let the volume of water = x mL
Volume of solution = (12 + x) mL
Concentration of solution = Volume of solute Volume of solution ×100
12=1212+x×100
12 + x = 100
x = 100 – 12 = 88mL
So, 88 mL of water should be mixed.
Is Matter Around Us Pure Class 9 Extra
Questions Hots (Higher Order Thinking Skills)
Question 1.
(a) Under which category of mixtures will you classify alloys and why?
(b) A solution is always a liquid. Comment.
(c) Can a solution be heterogeneous? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Alloys are homogeneous mixture of two or more elements because the
constituent elements mix together and give a mixture which is uniform
throughout.
(b) No, solid solutions and gaseous solutions are also possible.
Examples are brass, air.
(c) No, a solution cannot be heterogeneous in nature.

Question 2.
The teacher instructed three students A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ respectively to prepare
a 50% (mass by volume) solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). ‘A’ dissolved
50 g of NaOH in 100 mL of water, ‘B’ dissolved 50 g of NaOH in 100 g of
water while ‘C’ dissolved 50 g of NaOH in water to make 100 mL of solution.
Which one of them has made the desired solution and why? [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
‘C’ has made the desired solution because 50% (mass by volume) solution
means 50g of solute dissolved in 100 mL of solution.
Mass by volume per cent = Mass of solute Volume of solution ×100
= 50100×100 = 50% mass by volume.
Question 3.
Explain why filter paper cannot be used to separate colloids.
Answer:
The size of colloidal particles is less than lnm, while the size of pores present
in an ordinary filter paper is larger than lnm. Hence, a colloidal solution
cannot be separated by filtration.

Question 4.
Three students A, B and C prepared mixtures using chalk powder, common
salt and milk respectively in water. Whose mixture:
(i) would not leave residue on filter paper after filtration?
(ii) would show Tyndall effect?
(iii) would give transparent/clear solution?
(iv) would settle down at the bottom when left undisturbed?
(v) could be filtered by filter paper?
Answer:
(i)

 Mixture of common salt and water.

 Mixture of milk and water.

(ii) Mixtures of chalk powder with water and milk with water.
(iii) Mixture of common salt and water.
(iv) Mixture of chalk powder and water.
(v) Mixture of chalk powder and water.

Question 5.
Can we separate alcohol dissolved in water by using a separating funnel? If
yes, then describe the procedure. If not, explain. [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
We cannot separate alcohol dissolved in water by using separating funnel
because both the components are highly soluble in each other. They can be
separated by fractional distillation.

Question 6.
What is the reason for running cold water through condenser from lower side
to upper side in distillation process?
Answer:
In distillation process condensation of vapours take place. To absorb more
heat, cold water is passed from lower side so that it will stay for longer time
and absorb more heat from the vapours to form liquid state of the substance.

Question 7.
You are given two samples of water labelled as ‘A’ and ‘B’. Sample ‘A’ boils
at 100°C and sample ‘B’ boils at 102°C. Which sample of water will not
freeze at 0°C? Comment. [ NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Sample ‘B’ will not freeze at 0°C because it is not pure water. At 1 atm, the
boiling point of pure water is 100°C and the freezing point of pure water is
0°C.