A

Practical File
On

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING (Machine learning)

Submitted In Partial Fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Computer Science & Engineering
From

Engineering College Bikaner

Affiliated to

Bikaner Technical University, Bikaner

(Session:2022-2026)

Submitted to
Submitted by: Sonu Mr. Ranu Lal Chouhan
University Roll No: 23EEBCS062 Assistant Professor
Department of CSE
S. N Table of Contents Pages
1. Introduction to Machine Learning 01-03
2. Principle of Machine Learning 04-05
3. Advantage of Machine Learning 06-08
4. Disadvantage of Machine Learning 09-12
5. Limitation of Machine Learning 13-16
6. Conclusion 17-18
7. REFRENCES 19
 1. Introduction to machine learning

Machine learning (ML) is a type of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that allows

computers to learn without being explicitly programmed. It involves
feeding data into algorithms that can then identify patterns and make
predictions on new data. Machine learning is used in a wide variety of
applications, including image and speech recognition, natural language
processing, and recommender systems.
Definition of Learning
A computer program is said to learn from experience E concerning some
class of tasks T and performance measure P, if its performance at tasks
T, as measured by P, improves with experience E.
Examples
 Handwriting recognition learning problem
o Task T : Recognizing and classifying handwritten words
within images
o Performance P : Percent of words correctly classified
o Training experience E : A dataset of handwritten words with
given classifications
 A robot driving learning problem
o Task T : Driving on highways using vision sensors
o Performance P : Average distance traveled before an error
o Training experience E : A sequence of images and steering
commands recorded while observing a human driver
Classification of Machine Learning
Machine learning implementations are classified into four major
categories, depending on the nature of the learning “signal” or
“response” available to a learning system which are as follows:
1. Supervised learning:
Supervised learning is the machine learning task of learning a function
that maps an input to an output based on example input-output pairs.
The given data is labeled. Both classification and regression problems are
supervised learning problems.
 Example – Consider the following data regarding patients entering
a clinic . The data consists of the gender and age of the patients and
each patient is labeled as “healthy” or “sick”.

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 Gender Age Label

M 48 sick

M 67 sick

F 53 healthy

M 49 sick

F 32 healthy

M 34 healthy

M 21 healthy
2. Unsupervised learning:
Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning algorithm used to
draw inferences from datasets consisting of input data without labeled
responses. In unsupervised learning algorithms, classification or
categorization is not included in the observations. Example: Consider the
following data regarding patients entering a clinic. The data consists of
the gender and age of the patients.
Gender Age

M 48

M 67

F 53

M 49

F 34

M 21
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3. Reinforcement learning:
Reinforcement learning is the problem of getting an agent to act in the
world so as to maximize its rewards.
A learner is not told what actions to take as in most forms of machine
learning but instead must discover which actions yield the most reward
by trying them. For example — Consider teaching a dog a new trick: we
cannot tell him what to do, what not to do, but we can reward/punish it if
it does the right/wrong thing.
When watching the video, notice how the program is initially clumsy
and unskilled but steadily improves with training until it becomes a
champion.
To know more about Reinforcement learning refer to:
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-reinforcement-learning/.
4. Semi-supervised learning:
Where an incomplete training signal is given: a training set with some
(often many) of the target outputs missing. There is a special case of this
principle known as Transduction where the entire set of problem
instances is known at learning time, except that part of the targets are
missing. Semi-supervised learning is an approach to machine learning
that combines small labeled data with a large amount of unlabeled data
during training. Semi-supervised learning falls between unsupervised
learning and supervised learning.
Categorizing based on Required Output
Another categorization of machine-learning tasks arises when one
considers the desired output of a machine-learned system:
1. Classification: When inputs are divided into two or more classes,
the learner must produce a model that assigns unseen inputs to one
or more (multi-label classification) of these classes. This is typically
tackled in a supervised way. Spam filtering is an example of
classification, where the inputs are email (or other) messages and
the classes are “spam” and “not spam”.
2. Regression: This is also a supervised problem, A case when the
outputs are continuous rather than discrete.
3. Clustering: When a set of inputs is to be divided into groups. Unlike
in classification, the groups are not known beforehand, making this
typically an unsupervised task.
Examples of Machine Learning in Action
Machine learning is woven into the fabric of our daily lives. Here are
some examples to illustrate its diverse applications
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Supervised Learning
 Filtering Your Inbox: Spam filters use machine learning to analyze
emails and identify spam based on past patterns. They learn from
emails you mark as spam and not spam, becoming more accurate
over time.
 Recommending Your Next Purchase: E-commerce platforms and
streaming services use machine learning to analyze your purchase
history and viewing habits. This allows them to recommend
products and shows you’re more likely to enjoy.
 Smart Reply in Emails: Machine learning powers features like
“Smart Reply” in Gmail, suggesting short responses based on the
content of the email.
Unsupervised Learning
 Grouping Customers: Machine learning can analyze customer data
(purchase history, demographics) to identify customer segments
with similar characteristics. This helps businesses tailor marketing
campaigns and product offerings.
 Anomaly Detection: Financial institutions use machine learning to
detect unusual spending patterns on your credit card, potentially
indicating fraudulent activity.
 Image Classification in Photos: Facial recognition in photos on
social media platforms is powered by machine learning algorithms
trained on vast amounts of labeled data.
Beyond Categories
 Self-Driving Cars: These rely on reinforcement learning, a type of
machine learning where algorithms learn through trial and error in
a simulated environment.
 Medical Diagnosis: Machine learning algorithms can analyze
medical images (X-rays, MRIs) to identify abnormalities and aid
doctors in diagnosis.

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 2. Principle of Machine Learning

The principles of machine learning (ML) focus on building models that

can learn from data and make predictions or decisions without explicit
programming. These principles guide the development and deployment
of ML systems, ensuring they are effective, reliable, and capable of
generalizing to new data.
Let's have a closer look at "What are the Principles of Machine Learning?"
Key Principles of Machine Learning
1. Data Preprocessing: Quality data is the foundation of successful ML
models. Preprocessing involves cleaning, normalizing, and transforming raw
data to ensure it is suitable for training. This step includes handling missing
values, and outliers, and ensuring consistency across the dataset.
2. Model Selection: Choosing the appropriate model is critical. Various
models, such as linear regression, decision trees, support vector
machines, and neural networks, are available. The selection depends on the
problem type, data characteristics, and the desired accuracy.
3. Training: Training involves feeding the model with data and adjusting its
parameters to minimize errors. This is done through iterative optimization
processes like gradient descent. The goal is for the model to learn the
underlying patterns in the data.
4. Evaluation: Evaluating the model's performance ensures it is accurate and
reliable. Common metrics include accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-
score. Cross-validation techniques, such as k-fold cross-validation, help
assess the model’s generalizability to unseen data.
5. Avoiding Overfitting and Underfitting: Balancing the complexity of the
model is crucial. Overfitting occurs when a model learns the training data too
well, capturing noise and outliers, leading to poor performance on new data.
Underfitting happens when the model is too simplistic to capture the
underlying trends. Proper balance is achieved through techniques like cross-
validation and regularization.
6. Regularization: Regularization techniques, such as L1 and L2
regularization, help prevent overfitting by adding a penalty for complexity to
the model's loss function. This encourages simpler models that generalize
better to new data.

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7. Feature Engineering: The process of selecting, creating, and transforming
input variables (features) significantly impacts model performance.
Effective feature engineering involves understanding the domain and creating
features that capture relevant information for the model.

8. Hyperparameter Tuning: Hyperparameters are settings that control the

learning process, such as learning rate, number of trees in a forest, or the
number of layers in a neural network. Tuning these parameters is crucial for
optimizing model performance.
9. Continuous Learning: Models should be continuously updated and
retrained as new data becomes available. This ensures they remain accurate
and relevant, adapting to changing patterns and trends in the data.
Machine learning is a method of data analysis that automates analytical
model building. It is a branch of artificial intelligence based on the idea that
systems can learn from data, identify patterns and make decisions with
minimal human intervention.

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 3. Advantages of Machine Learning
1. Improved Accuracy and Precision
One of the most significant benefits of machine learning is its ability to
improve accuracy and precision in various tasks. ML models can process vast
amounts of data and identify patterns that might be overlooked by humans.
For instance, in medical diagnostics, ML algorithms can analyze medical
images or patient data to detect diseases with a high degree of accuracy.
2. Automation of Repetitive Tasks
Machine learning enables the automation of repetitive and mundane tasks,
freeing up human resources for more complex and creative endeavors. In
industries like manufacturing and customer service, ML-driven automation
can handle routine tasks such as quality control, data entry, and customer
inquiries, resulting in increased productivity and efficiency.
3. Enhanced Decision-Making
ML models can analyze large datasets and provide insights that aid in
decision-making. By identifying trends, correlations, and anomalies, machine
learning helps businesses and organizations make data-driven decisions. This
is particularly valuable in sectors like finance, where ML can be used for risk
assessment, fraud detection, and investment strategies.
4. Personalization and Customer Experience
Machine learning enables the personalization of products and services,
enhancing customer experience. In e-commerce, ML algorithms analyze
customer behavior and preferences to recommend products tailored to
individual needs. Similarly, streaming services use ML to suggest content
based on user viewing history, improving user engagement and satisfaction.
5. Predictive Analytics
Predictive analytics is a powerful application of machine learning that helps
forecast future events based on historical data. Businesses use predictive
models to anticipate customer demand, optimize inventory, and improve
supply chain management. In healthcare, predictive analytics can identify
potential outbreaks of diseases and help in preventive measures.
6. Scalability
Machine learning models can handle large volumes of data and scale
efficiently as data grows. This scalability is essential for businesses dealing
with big data, such as social media platforms and online retailers. ML
algorithms can process and analyze data in real-time, providing timely
insights and responses.

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7. Improved Security
ML enhances security measures by detecting and responding to threats in
real-time. In cybersecurity, ML algorithms analyze network traffic patterns to
identify unusual activities indicative of cyberattacks. Similarly, financial
institutions use ML for fraud detection by monitoring transactions for
suspicious behavior.
8. Cost Reduction
By automating processes and improving efficiency, machine learning can
lead to significant cost reductions. In manufacturing, ML-driven predictive
maintenance helps identify equipment issues before they become costly
failures, reducing downtime and maintenance costs. In customer service,
chatbots powered by ML reduce the need for human agents, lowering
operational expenses.
9. Innovation and Competitive Advantage
Adopting machine learning fosters innovation and provides a competitive
edge. Companies that leverage ML for product development, marketing
strategies, and customer insights are better positioned to respond to market
changes and meet customer demands. ML-driven innovation can lead to the
creation of new products and services, opening up new revenue streams.
10. Enhanced Human Capabilities
Machine learning augments human capabilities by providing tools and
insights that enhance performance. In fields like healthcare, ML assists
doctors in diagnosing and treating patients more effectively. In research, ML
accelerates the discovery process by analyzing vast datasets and identifying
potential breakthroughs.

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 4. Disadvantages of Machine Learning
1. Data Dependency
Machine learning models require vast amounts of data to train effectively.
The quality, quantity, and diversity of the data significantly impact the
model’s performance. Insufficient or biased data can lead to inaccurate
predictions and poor decision-making. Additionally, obtaining and curating
large datasets can be time-consuming and costly.
2. High Computational Costs
Training ML models, especially deep learning algorithms, demands
significant computational resources. High-performance hardware such as
GPUs and TPUs are often required, which can be expensive. The energy
consumption associated with training large models is also substantial, raising
concerns about the environmental impact.
3. Complexity and Interpretability
Many machine learning models, particularly deep neural networks, function
as black boxes. Their complexity makes it difficult to interpret how they
arrive at specific decisions. This lack of transparency poses challenges in
fields where understanding the decision-making process is critical, such as
healthcare and finance.
4. Overfitting and Underfitting
Machine learning models can suffer from overfitting or underfitting.
Overfitting occurs when a model learns the training data too well, capturing
noise and anomalies, which reduces its generalization ability to new data.
Underfitting happens when a model is too simple to capture the underlying
patterns in the data, leading to poor performance on both training and test
data.
5. Ethical Concerns
ML applications can raise ethical issues, particularly concerning privacy and
bias. Data privacy is a significant concern, as ML models often require access
to sensitive and personal information. Bias in training data can lead to biased
models, perpetuating existing inequalities and unfair treatment of certain
groups.
6. Lack of Generalization
Machine learning models are typically designed for specific tasks and may
struggle to generalize across different domains or datasets. Transfer learning
techniques can mitigate this issue to some extent, but developing models that
perform well in diverse scenarios remains a challenge.

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7. Dependency on Expertise
Developing and deploying machine learning models require specialized
knowledge and expertise. This includes understanding algorithms, data
preprocessing, model training, and evaluation. The scarcity of skilled
professionals in the field can hinder the adoption and implementation of ML
solutions.
8. Security Vulnerabilities
ML models are susceptible to adversarial attacks, where malicious actors
manipulate input data to deceive the model into making incorrect predictions.
This vulnerability poses significant risks in critical applications such as
autonomous driving, cybersecurity, and financial fraud detection.
9. Maintenance and Updates
ML models require continuous monitoring, maintenance, and updates to
ensure they remain accurate and effective over time. Changes in the
underlying data distribution, known as data drift, can degrade model
performance, necessitating frequent retraining and validation.
10. Legal and Regulatory Challenges
The deployment of ML applications often encounters legal and regulatory
hurdles. Compliance with data protection laws, such as GDPR, requires
careful handling of user data. Additionally, the lack of clear regulations
specific to ML can create uncertainty and challenges for businesses and
developers.

Challenges of Machine Learning

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1. Data Quality and Quantity
Challenge: Machine learning algorithms are voracious consumers of data,
but they demand high-quality data. Garbage in, garbage out — the adage
rings true in the world of ML. The data used for training machine learning
models should be clean, accurate, and representative of the problem. Data
preprocessing, cleaning, and augmentation are often required to ensure data
quality. Additionally, having a sufficient quantity of data is crucial, as models
need diverse examples to learn effectively.
Real-life Example: Healthcare providers rely on patient records to train
diagnostic models. Incomplete or inaccurate data can lead to erroneous
predictions, risking patient health.
2. Overfitting and Underfitting
Challenge: Machine learning models can overfit (become overly complex) or
underfit (too simplistic). Striking the right balance is critical for model
performance.Overfitting occurs when a model fits the training data too
closely, capturing noise instead of useful patterns. Underfitting, on the other
hand, results from overly simplistic models that can’t capture complex
relationships in the data. Addressing these issues often involves
hyperparameter tuning and cross-validation.
Real-life Example: In stock market prediction, an overfit model may
perform exceptionally well on historical data but fail to generalize to new
market conditions, leading to poor investment decisions.
3. Interpretability and Explainability
Challenge: Many machine learning models operate as “black boxes,” making
it challenging to comprehend the reasoning behind their decisions.
Interpretability and explainability are crucial in applications where human
lives or significant financial decisions are at stake. Understanding why a
model made a specific decision can be essential for transparency,
accountability, and trust.
Real-life Example: In the context of autonomous vehicles, understanding
why a self-driving car made a specific decision is vital for safety and
accountability.
4. Generalization
Challenge: A successful machine learning model should perform well on
new, unseen data. Achieving this generalization is often tricky. Ensuring that
a model generalizes effectively is a core challenge. Overfit models may
perform well on training data but fail to make accurate predictions on new,
unseen data. Techniques such as cross-validation and regularization are
employed to improve generalization.

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Real-life Example: A spam email classifier may excel in identifying
common spam, but it could falter when new, sophisticated spam techniques
emerge.
5. Bias and Fairness
Challenge: Machine learning models can inadvertently inherit biases present
in their training data, leading to unfair or discriminatory outcomes. Biases in
training data can result from historical prejudices, unequal representation, or
data collection methods. Addressing bias and ensuring fairness in models is
crucial, particularly in applications like hiring and lending, where
discrimination can have serious consequences.
Real-life Example: Hiring algorithms can unintentionally favor candidates
from specific demographic groups, contributing to discrimination in the
recruitment process.
6. Computational Resources
Challenge: Training deep learning models, especially large neural networks,
requires substantial computational resources, including powerful GPUs and
TPUs.Deep learning models with millions of parameters demand significant
computing power. This not only drives up costs but also raises concerns
about energy consumption and environmental impact.
Real-life Example: Training state-of-the-art language models like GPT-3
demands massive computing power and energy consumption, raising
environmental concerns.
7. Model Selection
Challenge: Selecting the appropriate machine learning algorithm or model
architecture for a specific problem can be perplexing. Choosing the wrong
one may result in suboptimal performance.The choice of model depends on
the data type, problem type (classification, regression, clustering), and the
desired output. It also involves deciding between traditional machine learning
algorithms and deep learning methods.
Real-life Example: Image recognition tasks benefit from convolutional
neural networks (CNNs), while natural language processing tasks require
recurrent neural networks (RNNs).
These challenges make machine learning implementation a complex
endeavor. However, they are not the only considerations. Machine learning
also comes with inherent limitations.

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 5. Limitations of Machine Learning

1. No Common-Sense Understanding
Limitation: Machine learning models lack common-sense understanding,
which means they can make predictions based solely on statistical patterns
without genuine comprehension. While machine learning models can identify
correlations and patterns in data, they don’t possess true understanding or
consciousness. This limitation makes them susceptible to making predictions
based on spurious correlations.
Real-life Example: A language model may generate coherent sentences, but
it doesn’t truly understand the context or meaning of the words it uses.
2. Data Dependency
Limitation: Machine learning models are highly dependent on the data they
are trained on. They can’t provide meaningful insights beyond their training
data.Machine learning models make predictions based on the patterns they’ve
learned from historical data. They can’t offer insights or predictions about
events or phenomena that fall outside the scope of their training data.
Real-life Example: A sentiment analysis model trained on restaurant reviews
can’t offer insights into political sentiment.
3. Data Privacy and Security

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Limitation: Machine learning often involves processing sensitive data,
raising concerns about privacy and security breaches. Machine learning
applications, especially in healthcare, finance, and personalization, often
require access to sensitive data. Safeguarding this data from breaches and
ensuring compliance with data protection regulations are significant
challenges.
Real-life Example: Healthcare providers must ensure that patient data is
securely processed and stored when using machine learning for diagnostics.
4. Model Robustness
Limitation: Machine learning models can be fragile. Small changes in input
data can result in incorrect predictions or cause the model to fail. Models can
be sensitive to minor changes in input data, which is problematic when
deployed in real-world environments where data may be noisy or incomplete.
Ensuring model robustness is a continuous challenge.
Real-life Example: In an image recognition system, minor alterations to an
image may render it unrecognizable to the model.
5. Scalability
Limitation: Scaling machine learning solutions to handle increased data
volumes and user traffic can be challenging, requiring substantial
infrastructure investments. As organizations grow and the volume of data and
users increases, machine learning systems may need to be re-architected to
maintain performance. This involves investing in infrastructure, distributed
computing.
Real-life Example: E-commerce websites must invest in powerful servers
and databases to scale up recommendation systems as their customer base
grows.
Understanding these limitations is crucial for setting realistic expectations.
Now, let’s explore what to consider before implementing machine learning.

What to Consider Before Implementing Machine Learning

1. Business Objectives
Consideration: Before diving into machine learning, clearly define your
business objectives. What problems are you trying to solve? What outcomes
are you aiming for? Having a clear roadmap is essential for a successful
implementation. Machine learning should align with your business goals.
Whether it’s improving customer satisfaction, increasing sales, optimizing
processes, or enhancing decision-making, your objectives should guide the
implementation process.

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Real-life Example: A retail company implementing machine learning may
aim to increase sales by optimizing product recommendations. This objective
provides a clear direction for model development.
2. Data Strategy
Consideration: Develop a robust data strategy. Ensure that you have access
to the necessary data, and that it is of high quality and adequately
preprocessed. Data is the lifeblood of machine learning. Establish a data
collection plan, consider data sources, data storage, and data cleaning
methods. Data strategy also includes handling missing data, outliers, and
ensuring data consistency.
Real-life Example: A predictive maintenance system in manufacturing
requires real-time data from machinery to prevent breakdowns. A data
strategy for this scenario would involve sensor installation, data transfer
protocols, and data cleansing procedures.
3. Model Selection
Consideration: Choose the right machine learning algorithm or model
architecture for your specific problem. This decision hinges on your data
type, problem type (classification, regression, clustering), and the desired
output.Model selection is a critical decision. It involves choosing between
traditional machine learning algorithms (e.g., linear regression, decision
trees) and deep learning methods (e.g., neural networks). The model should
be well-suited to your data and problem domain.
Real-life Example: An e-commerce platform may use collaborative filtering
for personalized product recommendations. This choice is based on the data
available (user behavior, product data) and the need for personalized
recommendations.
4. Interpretability and Explainability
Consideration: Consider the interpretability and explainability of your
chosen model. In certain applications, such as healthcare or finance,
understanding the model’s decisions is critical.In healthcare, finance, or any
domain where human lives or substantial financial decisions are involved,
model interpretability is crucial. Models should provide clear and logical
explanations for their decisions.
Real-life Example: In medical diagnosis, doctors need to interpret why an
AI system recommended a specific treatment to ensure patient safety.
Explainable AI techniques, such as LIME or SHAP, can provide insights into
model decisions.
5. Ethical and Legal Compliance

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Consideration: Ensure that your machine learning implementation adheres
to ethical and legal standards. Handle sensitive data with care and comply
with regulations such as GDPR or HIPAA. Compliance with data protection
regulations is paramount. Machine learning solutions should protect user
privacy, handle sensitive data securely, and be transparent about data usage.
Real-life Example: Healthcare organizations must strictly adhere to HIPAA
regulations when handling patient data for machine learning-based
diagnostics. Compliance ensures data security and patient confidentiality.
6. Monitoring and Maintenance
Consideration: Plan for ongoing model monitoring and maintenance. Data
drift, concept drift, and model decay are real challenges that require
continuous attention. Machine learning models are not “set and forget.” They
require continuous monitoring to ensure they remain accurate and reliable.
Data drift (changes in data distribution), concept drift (changes in the
relationships within data), and model decay (degradation of model
performance over time) are common issues that need regular monitoring and
intervention.
Real-life Example: A fraud detection system needs constant monitoring to
adapt to new fraud techniques and maintain accuracy. Continuous monitoring
helps the system evolve to detect emerging threats.
7. Costs and Resources
Consideration: Estimate the costs involved in implementing and maintaining
machine learning solutions. Consider the infrastructure, personnel, and
computational resources required. Implementing machine learning involves
various costs, including data collection and preprocessing, model
development, infrastructure, and personnel. Accurately assessing these costs
is essential for budgeting and resource allocation.
Real-life Example: Developing and deploying a chatbot for customer
support involves not only the technology but also the cost of customer
support agents and potential errors. Accurate cost estimation ensures budget
adherence and efficient resource allocation.
By carefully considering these points, you can maximize the potential of
machine learning while mitigating challenges and limitations. Successful
machine learning implementation is a strategic and holistic process that
requires a deep understanding of both the technology and your specific use
case. It’s a journey that, when navigated thoughtfully, can lead to significant
advancements in various fields and industries

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 6. Conclusion
The field of artificial intelligence has made remarkable progress in the past
five years and is having real-world impact on people, institutions and culture.
The ability of computer programs to perform sophisticated language- and
image-processing tasks, core problems that have driven the field since its
birth in the 1950s, has advanced significantly. Although the current state of
AI technology is still far short of the field’s founding aspiration of recreating
full human-like intelligence in machines, research and development teams are
leveraging these advances and incorporating them into society-facing
applications. For example, the use of AI techniques in healthcare is becoming
a reality, and the brain sciences are both a beneficiary of and a contributor to
AI advances. Old and new companies are investing money and attention to
varying degrees to find ways to build on this progress and provide services
that scale in unprecedented ways.
The field’s successes have led to an inflection point: It is now urgent to think
seriously about the downsides and risks that the broad application of AI is
revealing. The increasing capacity to automate decisions at scale is a double-
edged sword; intentional deepfakes or simply unaccountable algorithms
making mission-critical recommendations can result in people being misled,
discriminated against, and even physically harmed. Algorithms trained on
historical data are disposed to reinforce and even exacerbate existing biases
and inequalities. Whereas AI research has traditionally been the purview of
computer scientists and researchers studying cognitive processes, it has
become clear that all areas of human inquiry, especially the social sciences,
need to be included in a broader conversation about the future of the field.
Minimizing the negative impacts on society and enhancing the positive
requires more than one-shot technological solutions; keeping AI on track for
positive outcomes relevant to society requires ongoing engagement and
continual attention.
Looking ahead, a number of important steps need to be taken. Governments
play a critical role in shaping the development and application of AI, and
they have been rapidly adjusting to acknowledge the importance of the
technology to science, economics, and the process of governing itself. But
government institutions are still behind the curve, and sustained investment
of time and resources will be needed to meet the challenges posed by rapidly
evolving technology.

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In addition to regulating the most influential aspects of AI applications on
society, governments need to look ahead to ensure the creation of informed
communities. Incorporating understanding of AI concepts and implications
into K-12 education is an example of a needed step to help prepare the next
generation to live in and contribute to an equitable AI-infused world.
The AI research community itself has a critical role to play in this regard,
learning how to share important trends and findings with the public in
informative and actionable ways, free of hype and clear about the dangers
and unintended consequences along with the opportunities and benefits. AI
researchers should also recognize that complete autonomy is not the eventual
goal for AI systems. Our strength as a species comes from our ability to work
together and accomplish more than any of us could alone. AI needs to be
incorporated into that community-wide system, with clear lines of
communication between human and automated decision-makers. At the end
of the day, the success of the field will be measured by how it has
empowered all people, not by how efficiently machines devalue the very
people we are trying to help.

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 7. Refrences

1.Introduction of Machine Learning – geeks for geeks

2.Principle of Machine Learning – Aws Course
3.Advanyage of Machine Learning - wikipedia_www.google.com
4.Disadvantage of Machine Learning - IBM
5.Limitation of Machine Learning – Java t point
6.Conclusion - Spiceworks

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