Solution of Triangle

II A
S O T
Atb c 19 b c
F
b btc a lb clea
c
e g g
I c all b
l
Bt a
c

dstjm.it oraingtotniseawin are

st
1E A
f
In D ADB
Poof sinB
q Az
o
k f c
B f
s
a

In D ADC son
sine asinB bein
AZ
Hog Tini Ee
In D CEA
sina bInnT
IcE
In DEB

E sins
asinty
Ice
from 550
bsina as ink nT
By 860

ftp.fnp s

Cosinelag Cosa
5th
a b cost
Etat
D a Cox
923
1 A In D ADB
A 22 22 22
a b E
1aP
B Ease 820
a from
In D ADC Coca b ca se

Ast Ca ut b C of b azoitzan
AN 5 Ca up 20
 In D ADB
Lax Cta bl co B
x eco B
Lac CosB Eta 5

t
b

cosB
cos law
When to apply
co A 5455
sides of
a are given
when all s

two sides and the

c Any
included angle is given
I c
B a

I Projection formula
In D ABC
co B
a b cos c t c

301 A In D ADB
cos B
b
a
forecast
B x I y c
a
 In D ADC

Ig co e s
ly baty
Now a octy

1a acosB

law
I Napier's Analogy Tangent
In D AB e

tan E CEE Cot E

i
cot
tan EI EE
cot E
iii tan A1 97g
EV
Ry
E cot E
K
Sina In En
ksinB c ksine
a ksina b

Now
I Shifa cot

cos BI cot AK
21 since
Tsin BI
cos
DE
 cot AK
tan
II
cot
BI
cot AK
tan Bf
cot
II
fan tan A cot Als
Bf
a

fan LHS
Bf
E Area of triangle
In D ABC ab sine
ABC besina
Area of D 4 I
casino

Proof A
b
c b sine
g tax
B C

fareastany
D

In D ADC

thebsind
In D ABC PT
Eg since a tesinca B o

as in B est b
I
a ksin A i
c ksine
b k sin
 sin a sing c t sing since A sincsinia B
k
f
Sin T Cotai sin C A
K sin T Cata sin B c t
T Sin T CatB Simca DJ
sin cry sin Cta Since A
K sin Btc
sin cat B sin CA DJ
sink sina sina sin'd
sin'B sin
KI
K o
I
i It co CA B CO
cos
C
327
9

cos ca c

TI CATH
Sd cos CA B Co
A C cos TI Ates
It cos

I CO A D COO ATB

1 COOLA C COS Late

Tc sina.tt
 sina
since c
E x

sod Rhs xsina

bg
KIND KIR y Sina
KIRA

simg.FI xsin
C
sincatcssinLB sin Btc
go
Sina sin T A
Sina
sin D C
btc sin Az
a co
Bf
s

KsinBt ksine
KsinA

EI I
 cos E
sin E Ala
9 IE
SinAlzCosAlz
far 5 Cote o
5 c cot A far cot B t

of CHS
Sin sin'AjcotD t
K sins sing Cota
Cote
Cina sin D
sinc tassince
sindsinca csg.hn
a3 tsinafsinca
I
D
Gg
Coo Ti Dtd Since A COLT CATS
It sin D C
sin CA D Cos TI CATHY
A Co Atc
Sin ID Btc 1 Since
I C Co
SIMCA B CO ATB
T

Btc t 25in A CO Atc

C
25in B c Co
I 25in CA B CO
ATB

sinze t sin 2C Sina A

sin 2B
KI Sin 2A sin B

O
Q In D ABC if a cost E tacos Az 33
then a b c are in
C Hrp D None
a A P B ur p
33
2405 Ak
1 29 coke
I TCO A 33
G I COLI C

Cosa 33
ate a co C t c

Atc t b 33

I
19tc
such that AB lice
Ég ABCD is a
trapezium L ADB O Deep
is I to them If
CB
CD then AB
and g

Y.IEia.a4
10 9 9
e4 0

EM D ADB applying
sin
É Far In
sine law

Fg sintercota II
cost a Y
At T

s.FI
 sino
Tgif
AB

AB
sites
Ii.tt
Itgg.xsin
isII
he
935 d in A p then relati
Eg In D ABC if are
Cota are in
btw Cota Cota
H p D None
CA AP I S P C

IM Given that
5 at CZ b
K's D 1 51543
K'sin B K'sida CTD Sin CC D
sin D a sin
sincata D
sin Ti As sin Co
since c since A
B co A co Bina
Since sin cousins
sin A Since D

Sina cop sine

Sin a sine co a

sin B cop sine sinasinD case

 both sides sin a sine sine
divide by
Coto Cota
Cota cot B

CotAtIy
2CotB

LA 60
D A Dc of
Eg In
2 then find value
b c 13 1
C D CJ

I I It
Cot I
tan E CEE
cot 30 s
tan DE III
tan E
EI
53 FEI
tan 15
tan DE 5354
113302
acbic are
o where
Eg The eg
asitbate
and eg Ite 52 1 0
a ABC
the sides of c
have a common root then find
a it bate o
1 x x TL I 0
21 1
 paid roots imaginary
I k
I by f
b Jak C K A
a k
13 98
9772 By
3 c
15 is
a c
and
ICAIy
and A 8 solve
Given that 53
tf l
b c

I Cosa
513
Co 30
BIFF
at a I
4
253
53
I
1
41
1
92251
2
CosB

1202
143

C 180 120 300 31

302
12
Eg A circle touches side BC of D ABC at

p and sides AB and

Ac produced at'd's'R
I Cbtc Co A 5 then find length
Given that
cos B
AG Etc co At Gta 5
at b cos C
Sod A Bt b CoA
Caco coat
Cb coset
tacos
Erisa 5

BP BO
B
I I
ICtatb
R
9
É

BC BO CR
AC
A O AB t AR
AO AR
2A G L
ABT Batac
at btc LAO

5D
IAd
are a b and
attably
of a Abc
Eg sides of
find the largest angle
respectively
the DAD is length cis
Largest angle y largest
SI
 97533ft
cos c
92233

1202
1 2
cos
12
Eg In D ABC
in A P then PT
are
if a 2,5 c

EES
SI 2b after

sight si
sina.in
ysin'B
3

40038 I
4
1 13 1

cta
4 P
uac
Ctaf
5
Caltitude from A on
In D ABC Ax is the
Eg also given that b c c 230
Bc and
then B
and AD GEE
 157 B C 1470 D 117
A 1130

SI
A
53
C b In D ADC
A D
bsin 230
B 22g

Hsin 23 got
six.EE iIT
sina sina
sina Sina
sinuate sin D c

sin A
Sina sinca c

B C I
sin
C
900
B

11372
Eg In DAD c
24 E tf
2 1 cog
then CA is
Ciii Tip Is Tye
tyg is tyu
EC
a
s
sod 2
get at
 215 4 ate 5 42192 5 e
a
Itsy
Zay
35 22492 292 252
LA go
1672 8

of half the angles

I sine cosine tangent
in terms of
side length

sin Ala sin Bla sing

I

a sin
fasts
a sine fe
sing j
sin AL I Cosa
Joy 2

2sinal 1
45 4 4

9
2 sin Als 3
2 sin AL Efate
 2554 atbtc
331atbte
2s.in Al 24 1
33215
Alsoacute

jxy
Sinalz anglealways

s 9tb

b Co B12 It
cos
It
It A
g Cosa
cos
1 a
5t
it

KEI
Catbyffbeat
2523521
 cos Ala
45451
1osAk_F E
tan tan Bla tank
at
a tana I É

É
Yannis
fty
b
Handy

e
ftanck Ed
 P T in D Abe
Eg cos Bz ab co5 E 5
be cos Az t ca

she s tab
Est
sky
be ca

S a t s b t s c
S

S 35 2s E
btc 3a then find the
Eg In D Abc if
of cot cot 12
value Bk
I 12 2 Yu
EI xsCSg
co
tfjcoty.sc
btc 3
IEE.Ics c

Atbtc Ya Fa
25 4 a

5 29 Iga Z

In D ABC Aan Az 51 Stan 423 45

Eg
b are in A P
then P T a c

56 tan 42 45
Sod tan A 2

tan Alex tank Ix I

 stax I

25 33
35 3b s
Atbtc 33

1252 9
D ABC B T
Eg In
Cots 2 a cot Ap
Cbtc a Cote
e
Catbtc sa says soggy
Ca
25 5 as b c
2541
29 29 cot

are in hip the ns.T

Eg If sin Al sin Blasing
are in H P too
ai be c
Hip
I sina.la sin Bla sing
A P

SEAL Iz Ing
A P

Efg II a p.ge
 ses scs
gI segue
ar
3
Cas abc abs abl AP
bcs abc

Cas abs A p
bcs
ab a p
bc Ca
divide's A'P
abe
y I I
a b c Hop
in A P the

ns. CotA
b are
Eg In D ABC if a c

cotc A P
z CotDlz 2
A P
let cotalz cotta CotBla
sod
A P
scsg sage sage
S a s b S C A P

G b c a p

value of
Eg In D Abc
if LA Go find

Cette
Sod 25 29
 4 4 Cos AL 4005300
SC5
Z
D ABC S T
Eg If

ÉÉ ÉI
Sf x 2 a bck x
ate
29k
Catbted Latte
absine
9132 ld zab.si
Etfs
 M n theorem
A
FB

B
M F C

Mtn Coto moots ncotp

coto not B mote

men
A
Prof
Its
X

c
B mic nie
rule
In D A BD apply sine
É II 0

sine rule
In DAD apply
c Ya
1st
Now O HLB
KBoIy
In D ADC
t CC Tl
OTB
LC T OTP

si
I
i
I
a
mint
Sino copt case simp
com
MEET
sinocoa

mcotx
ncotptncoto
mcot fcmtnjcoto mcotx nc.tt

B x O LB
O

In D AD Otp the T

P T Otc
 m

T.IE
C
Mcotct Mco to
not B naoto
N6tB mc
1 M n Coto

In DAB c given that BC sit

Eg D is on
L ABC 45 point then ACB 3
DAB 150
2 BD CD and
83 A mento to
soy not B mcotc
2 Cotto 2108450
I Cote
jus 160
2 cote
mi I 343
Cote 2 5

1 752
Eg the median of DA Be through A is
If
to AB then
taffy 2

Sold it na so

Ida s
a
B an
cot o n cota note
Itn
Cots E
Cot A 50
E Cot So D E E
tan A
a tank g

I D
AD is altitude from A
Eg In D ABC
450 013 3 CD 2 find
on BC C BAC
area of DAB c

A Coto
SI Mta
note
JE In cota

2 Cot go cota
2 Cut 45 2

B 3 I 2
C

0 3 Cat 2 co 45 4
 Ena
HEE
tans tans
34 tant 244

tans a tan a tank

3
0
2 tart 5 tan 3

0
tan at 3
Catana 1
tana 3 x
May
or

Now in D ADB
tana IF
AD
Ena land
5 6
area Ex
BC XAB IX
circles connected to
and
Properties of triangle
them
Circumcircle circumradinser
É circumcircle
circumradius
p
R theft
circumcentre
 Intersection
circumcentre off bisector
point
of sides of triangle
y
of
I drawn from centre
circle to any
chord bisects
A
the chord

RAFER
DAI'd
In D ome
Sina alg
fasarsinay

i
R
e

f_ É

Area of D ABC Iab sine

 R
aÉI
D
tabs
IT In Circle In radius

In circle

riff
centre
s In I
radius
In

i Intersection point
angle bisectors
n

p c of

Area of
Area of D ABC Area of D AI B
D BIC Area of DE IA

b r
D
tart tart I

D
ECatbtc 252
11

prey
tan Af sets
a tan A z
r
tan B12
4 Cs b

g c
tank
 Relation btw R's's
A In D IMB
tan B12

tto
B I É y c y stanch

a LYrCOtIy
arsina
Kty a o cut
Blat cotys
urinate at
51,1 917
urinals cost
Ii II g
sin BI
cosAlz
since

ypsingsingsinty
12
of
A Distance of points
Thots contact of in circle and
from vertices
is sq sides of A ABC
are s a 53
s c of D ABC
sb G c respectively
c
B s s b s o
 A k
car b K
b DC c b ta n

Fa E
ate b
2x
a 2b
bt 2n at btc
25 23
c
22
B b a x

LI
x
12 2 5

TI Ex circle Ex radius
Cre 22,23

I A It
Is Iz I Excentre
b
c ri zig Exradius

BE a s E
Sa

In

ABI t DACI
ABC Area of D BCI
Area of triangle

D Cr 135 far
Iz
25 29
D E
btc a
I
 Teej MEI tasty
tana sta I
stanalz stany

stanyB
r

12
Relation btw R 55,8213
A
In D I MB
E
tank
x Y
T I x
Cottle
2 B12
y y't
pentane
Il

In D I Mc to

taney 42 S a rattan tan 2

y rxny a
racists
 a
no
arsina
5E.tt
ursinnzcoA 2
If tt cos 42
r YR sin at cops
YR Co
AL
Jin13 2 Cos
42
22
83 YR COAL
cos
plz sing

their
Eg In D ABC with every symbol having
usual meaning P T

Y't I It to I
1
Sgt 5 Sg
3s a b c
I
I
Y r 6 2223 g
sd f E E E
 SEEsus e
Is
GTR 2 t 832 5
22 2223

Is.at tcs bE tcs.Es a

Essie
a

D
Eggsy
5
sfa scs.es

Stan Afton
mf
stang
Blats
tonal tan Bytangs
t tangtanay
tanaptanBlat tank tang
51
I
III co at co Bt Cox HE
As we know that
SI
2 UR sin sin BK Sings
also in ABC D
1 4 in sin sing
case
Cos At co B

IIE
15 r tr tr r YR
II Eat It E f
01 55.5 1
D
EITI at
D
Eaten sat

arc
5 as 5 as bs tab
I
25 scat btc tab
g
Ibct
ARCO Af sink cosy
Mf 412 sin Apco Maco 42
yr inapsipp sin 42
turco AL 1151342
co

sine ing YR cos Ak

URSinay costCoE
sin coz cozsing

Yrsinab cos
E YR cosaksin BI
UR Sing YE
up sinfATII
Cis a co At b coo Bt Cco c Ursinasina since

212 sina.co At 2RJinBCoB

2Rsinccose
Sin P Sina
R Sin 2A
URsinasinasinc
Cco a co B
Cii a co Bosc bloc coat If
1 bloc cos A
co Bosc t Cco Aco B t
g
bloc ROSA
Ceos A t
Cos 13 Caco Ct

b co B t b cos COSA

CO C Cosa
I b co T Atc

t co Cosa
Atc
I b f co
A
b f co
Afc
sinasinet Cop
b Eng IE IE
MI LI 2RSINBCOSCCOA arsineCostco
t
2RsinacosBCose
2 Rco Aco Boose tan At tank fancy
tana tant tone
2 Rco Aco Book
2RsinasinBSMC
9
32 2 9 2 12
CI Is t
t t
t t
t atbII
Eat off ETI EI
St es aft Cs bites CR
Is
IJ tats't cry
45 2s
Is
at
at I Ia
atb

Ea IE E
In 2

É corr r r ro 8 UR
E E
E E 3
Ea
D sets Is
sfa
D ss.tt bcs cs

B URI URI
E D
aye
I I tr E I E YE
 r
Crib Crier ra
236,2283

CAM
YES
E Ye
1Er
Cats Since 2231 25 5
Wi Car

E E Est E sine

JC E

D2
E Er
Easy

Cs 315T Ear
Er
IIIs
a 23

RI 25ft
 2Es JI If 5
94 5
2192 5 at
9 0
C
Eg In D ABC If
30001500 958105
thence 60 or 120 C
A 75 or 1050 B 2 632
Ca b
c 226232 H
2 2 atb
97 5
o ab
a b
9732 22
or 93,3 I
97235 1 60 or 1200
co c I
or
12 nature
the
2 find
8 If i Ee i Eg
of D ABC Q
sod
1 SE
i
If
2
Ea Ea
2 s 932
be ab act at

be ab act at 2
atty g
btc ay
2 be 29C 293
2 b 292429 67492 2
2 bl

92
1812
E Length of angle bisectors of a d are
A

É
BA DE
D

B C

Area of IIT D

b Basin I
D
I
C BasinAz I
Ctb
basin a
If Ba sing
Cbtc
Basing
2 be sinCost
cost.AT
14 37

IBB
ygcosttf lr
a.CI
24
Lengths of medians of a ABC
 A

b
c
la
C
B als D 912

In DAB c

costs
CIII
In D ABD
costs
Cliffe
from 8

451 EE
a2t2E
2ln 2ln
C a2 5
Ctb2 at
2157C a
lot Ig

fa Ity
 I Tata
le
157 51 20
medians
f CE are the
In D ABC AD BE
Eg
then equals s
of bare
AfgaggEEf
3 2 D 2 53
A 4 3 B 3 4 c
215 4 92
Een a la I
CR t 21975 5

3 Ca't Itcz
Ig
C ABI Dit CAZ
AAB ET CF 3g

I EE I A
Ite Apollonius theorem
Fairfax B a
c
 DBZ Ap Ac
AD
Is 2
Prof
2 AP't DD
LI 294
2
2 Cbtc ay
btc
E E E
2
LIAR
Eg The length of medians through acute384
are
of a sight angled triangle
angles
the area of the triangle is
then D None
B
IT
C
857
a 3 JT Apollonius term
By
for median AD
Bp A Pt Ad
2 Capt
B
itD c C't b
at 912 2 s af
118 43 52 9

for median CF
2 CI't FB CA't CD
2 16 41257 5 93 975
132 21 0
 ate
97
2
252 4 b
504
atf
332
50 Is
6 20 2552
13
2
Sta 8 5
18 22 20 921 C't 2
932

192272
32 45
20 92
272
12939
392 yy

c É
is
IE

area Ext x
5 III
Eg In babe with usual notations the length
of bisector of angle A is equal to
A
IIe
cos Als B 2 sin Ak
9195ft
 Iffy Ala
cosec

A
EI
BA

B C

Coo Alr
BA
CII
D I
be sin A
be
JIA
Cos Ala
BA EE 37g
Fc sifaka.cat
z

1Ba coseclAlt
37

cosec Ala
Tiff
Effects
Ortho centre Pedal triangle
of altitudes
A meeting point
is called ortho centre triangle of
FIE A triangle formed by joining
B D
a
foot of altitudes of D Abe
is called its pedal triangle
from sides of
D ABC
Distance of ortho centre
HI HI HE
A
To C E
F
I

B coos I C

In D ADB

By
Co B
coIy
BD

In D HD B

Bye
tana
HD
Eh
He CcosBÉ

kf 2RcosAO

Distance of ortho centre from vertices of DAD

CA HD tic
 A r
In D ADB
y B
t sin
E
D
Ag
F Lanesinty

p
7
D
Y É
L a

we already know that

Ha 2RCOSBCOSC

AH AD HD
Now
C SIND 2RcosB case
2Rsinc Sind 2RcosBCose
IR co Btc

212
co T A 2RII
AH 2RCO A
2 R COS D
D
BH
CH 2RCOSC
De EF Fa
Pedal triangle
side lengths of
A
T
E
F

B J c
Apply sine rule in D E H F
g ga 2124

sinfoia AH ZR Any
2 R COSA

2 Rco a sin A R In A
E F
Iot
D E C co c RST n 2C

b Coo B R sin 2B
DF

Eco CE F
Angles of Pedal triangle

A
TE D EE SI
E
F LD 180 2 A

É
L E 180 2B
son t Lf 188 2C
g
p
A of internal
point of Pedal
meeting bisector
NI a angle centre for
DDE F H is in
Y pedal triangle
B J c
 D
of D Abc
and H is meeting point of attitudes
centre of D ABC
H is ortho

Area of Pedal triangle

A Area of a pg
in T 2A
E XD Ex DF x
Dp I
F be
to.co
ex
p an

It B sins
be co c co
B C t

IDINA cos a co B cos c

x 2
Dp
ftp.EZCOACOSDCDCXD
sine rule of pedal triangle
A
D DEF

2 Rp
7 C
B D

Ita sina.ua Fine

 559 977
are
25kg 959ha 3,5dg
2Rp
Fine Ina Ling
2337nA 3 it
237 r IR

2Rp

Itt central triangle

joining three
It is the D formed by
I of D ABC
excentres I Iz

zgxcentaigcenti
Is EEIIE.in

altitudes of DI IF

D Ie Iz I3

intr I
I
 D ABC is pedal triangle of DI Iz Is
D ABC distance of vertices from H
Eg In then
ortho centre are x y te respectively

4271
PT 8
1 4
SOI A
AH 2 2 Rco a

2 RCO B
BH Y
i

c b
z z ZR CO C
Z
CH
g

C
B a

a
t tan B fane
tan A
tana tant tone

E by E RI
semicircle with a ABC a
An acute angled with its base on Bc
radius ra is constructed two sides r say
to the other
and tangent
r is the radius
are similarly defined If
then P T
of in circle of DAB c

get
 SI A
b
c

B c

of D AI B t Area of
of A Abc Area
area
A AI C

bra
D Cra t t
btc
A
ray
1
352
similarly I 95 I If

ftp.atb 3
It I

t_tt
y
of a triangle whose
Eg the incentreis
If I and circum radius are a'and R
inradius 5 are ex centre of D then
respectively Ii Is Iz
III II IIs equals
A R's B 161228 CC Rot D 161222
Eg
Is Iz

A
t
B c
AH 2RCOA
DM 2 RCOOP
CH 212Cosc

A
IIa 22 Co KID E
F
II IR co Iz
II IR cook Is B É c

LI 900 A 2

FI LIZ So D z

circum radius of pedal I go 42

triangle is twice of cream
radius of original 5

UR co Soo AG
I I
I Iz YR CO 98 B z

90 Cle
I Iz YR co
II 64123 sin Al Sindy sing
III II
16 R Ursin Alas i BasinCIT
 16123g

Regular Polygons
polygon is
circumscribed by a circle
1 A regular
In D A Mo
sin I
AI rain In
Am

IF a AB 22ne

AMI
Perimeter of regular polygon
2n sin In

axon
Area of D AO B tax
in D O MA
cos
In
off
0M 2 Cos I
Area of a AOD to tax In Tco

Ex sing x cost
 223 sin 2g

Area of polygon MI sing

of n sides is

circu scribed
A regular polygon
on the circle
In D AMO
tantin
Ath
O tan Mn
In
A afinale
as
B 9eartanfy
Perimeter of regular polygon
2ns tan Tn

Area of DOAB Exaxr

222 tan E xn
Area of polygon tx
not tan I

case of S O T
Ambiguous
Abc are
I when all three sides of a

known is a
unique d
exists
C
B a
 side and two angles are known
I
Any one

9 LA B C C 180 CAT B

if D
a unique
exists

l c
B a

CH Any two sides and an included angle is

known A a b Lc given
2
CoC 9733
Is of Le
B a unique value
D
unique
All known
3
angles are
are possible
as
Infinite
not included btw
sides and angles
I Fryatt
is
them given
let A a b are given

Ta
A Cosa
5tg
2
2 be co A
E D 92

T
B a
c d

a
2
 C 2b co A
IJ ya Ub sin A
2

e
boats
I I
acbsina a bsina lazbsinay
no such triangle
exists Fina Fusing if
LB 900 12332
D at Besatsina
Right angled 505A
is there d BIRA
boo A
I a possible
taint
J
C b COATEE C bCoA 15in
I triangle possible cc

a b
5 sin At CORA
a
Bc of a
a basin a
boo A
IIAC Asia
boo A
d
2DD
C
T b Cosa jpg
 b 3 2 4 213 60 then find the
Eg If
of D's that can be constructed
no
SI Eng E
the
since 23 71
Eg no d exist
and buba
c f ca are given
Eg In D ABC a
t.ba 2b
are 2 values of 3rd side b s

P T sin A

EM cosa b7g
b Ceos A b
2
92 0 I
26 COA 36 2 Co A
b tb
C at 2b c at
bibs
c 92
2 2gosa
c at
8kg1
8 Chi sin A 922 gaz

gaz c ads in'a

sita 593 2
 sina
tf I

Distance btw special points

1 Circum centre ortho centre
8 COS A COD Cosa
RJ 1
a

12222
RCO A I
I COO
2 21220 A
H
p GRECO ACod O
GRZOPATRIN
ppg
a
B Ot go c
g8 I 124412305A YR
012
10 Co A CO E B

I 122 412 Co A COSA CO C D

TI CTB
cos C D
If f
I cos ctr
it 4 co A

Rt I Uco A 2C OB codes

K
RJ 1 8 co A A
co co C
 in centre
I Circumcentre TERI
A
B 2
A

g
go
so't
go
B
EEEI I c

Sin By
In D IBN
EE
BI F

In D C I D

gs Atala
i
sincate RIIII.tn
oisi x

RJ I
snsn