Experiment - 10

Aim: - To identify acidic and basic radical in the given salt.

S.No Experiment Observation Inference
1. Preliminary Test
Physical Examination:
i) Physical State Crystalline Solid
ii) Colour White May be Ca2+ cation is
present
iii) Odour Odour less
iv) Solubility Soluble May be sulphate,
nitrate or chloride salt
2. Flame Test:- A small amount of No characteristics Absence of copper,
salt is made into paste with coloured flame calcium and barium
conc.HCl in a watch glass
introduce in the flame
Identification of Acidic Radical
1. Dilute H2SO4 Test :- No gas evolved 𝐶𝑂32−, 𝑆𝑂32−, 𝑆 2− is
Salt + dil. H2SO4 absent
2. Concentrated H2SO4 Colourless gas, −
𝐶𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡
Salt + Conc. H2SO4+ Heat having pungent
smell, gives white
dense fumes with rod
dipped in NH4OH

Preparation of Sodium Carbonate Extract or Soda Extract: - Take 1g of salt in boiling

tube + 3g of solid sodium carbonate + add 15 ml of distilled water and boil for 10 minutes cool
the filtrate and label it as sodium carbonate extract.
Confirmatory Test

4. AgNO3 Test:- To soda extract, White ppt insoluble in 𝐶𝑙 − confirmed

add dil HNO3. Boil off CO2. conc. HNO3 but
Cool and add 1 ml AgNO3 soluble in NH4OH
solution.
5. MnO2Test :- Take about 0.2 g Evolution of greenish 𝐶𝑙 − confirmed
solid salt in test tube. Add aboutyellow gas having
4 g of MnO2 and 2 ml of conc. pungent smell, turns
H2SO4. Heat the tube. moist starch iodide
paper blue
6. Chromyl Chloride Test: - To a Yellow ppt soluble in 𝐶𝑙 − confirmed
small quantity of salt, add solid NaOH solution.
potassium dichromate and
conc. H2SO4. Heat the test tube
and pass the gas evolved
(chromyl chloride gas) through

Smita Singh
 NaOH solution. If yellow
solution is obtained, add acetic
acid and 2 ml of lead acetate
solution.
Note :- Write reaction With Pencil
i) Silver nitrate Test: - NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl ↓ + NaNO3
white ppt
AgCl + 2NH4OH → [ Ag(NH3)2] Cl + 2H2O
Diammine Silver (I) chloride(soluble)

ii) Magnese dioxide Test :-

BaCl2 + MnO2 + 2H2SO4 → BaSO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O + Cl2 ↑
iii) Chromyl Chloride Test :-
K2CrO7 + 2H2SO4 → 2KHSO4 + 2CrO3 + H2O
Chromic Anhydride
KCl + H2SO4 → HCl + KHSO4

CrO3 + 2 HCl → CrO2Cl2 + H2O

Chromyl Chloride ( Red Vapours)
4 NaOH + Cr2O2Cl2 → Na2CrO4 + 2NaCl + H2O
( Yellow Solution)
(CH3COO)2 Pb + Na2CrO4→ 2CH3COONa + PbCrO4↓
Lead acetate (Yellow ppt)

Identification of Basic Radical

1. To a little salt add 2 ml of No ammoniacal smell O group ( N𝐻4+)

NaOH solution + Heat evolved absent.
2. To about 2 ml of O.S. add dil . No white ppt 1st group ( Pb2+)
HCl obtained absent.
3. To O.S, add dil. HCl and heat. No ppt 2nd group absent
Pass H2S gas into the solution.

4. Take original solution in a 3rd group is absent

beaker and add conc. HNO3 No ppt
and boil this to this solution
add excess of NH4OH until
smell of NH3.

5. Original Solution + NH4Cl + No ppt 4th group is absent

NH4OH + Pass H2S
6. Original solution + + NH4Cl + No White ppt 5th group absent
NH4OH + (NH4)2 CO3
7. To Original solution or to the White ppt is formed 6th group present may
filtrate of group V add NH4Cl be Mg2+

Smita Singh
 or NH4OH in excess and
ammonium phosphate.
Confirmatory Test:-
i) To original solution add A white ppt Mg2+ confirmed
NaOH solution and warmed.
ii) Original solution add few Blue lake is obtained Mg2+ confirmed
drops of Magneson reagent and
add few drops of NH4OH
iii) Original solution add Na2CO3 White ppt Mg2+ confirmed
iv) Take a small quantity of salt and White residue
mix it with an equal amount of
fusion mixture [Na2CO3 +
K2CO3].Moist this with a drop
of water and form a paste. Fill it
in a cavity made on a piece of
charcoal. Deflect a reducing
flame of the Bunsen burner on
it with the help of blow pipe.
Heat for 2-3minutes.
v) To white residue part put a drop Pink colour Mg2+ confirmed
of cobalt nitrate solution on the
residue. Heat it again in the
oxidizing flame with a blow
pipe.
Note :- Write reaction With Pencil
Test for Mg2+
i) Ammonium Phosphate Test:-
MgSO4 + (NH4)3PO4 → MgNH4PO4↓ + (NH4)2SO4

ii) MgCl2 + 2NaOH → Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl

White ppt.
iii) Na2CO3(s) + MgCl2(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + MgCO3(s)
White ppt

iv) Charcoal Cavity Cobalt Nitrate Test:-

2Co(NO3)2 → 2CoO + 4NO2 + O2

MgCO3 → MgO + CO2
MgO + CoO → MgOCoO
Pink Mass

Result: - Acid radical – 𝑪𝒍−

Basic radical – Mg2+

Smita Singh
Smita Singh