Learning Guide: 유형 A (어법·어휘Ⅰ) 유형 B (어법·어휘Ⅱ) 유형 C (독해형) 유형 D (서술형)
Learning Guide: 유형 A (어법·어휘Ⅰ) 유형 B (어법·어휘Ⅱ) 유형 C (독해형) 유형 D (서술형)
유형 A~D
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요약문 완성
예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
For many of us, making time for exercise (A)is a When we see something, we naturally and
continuing challenge. Between work commitments and automatically ⓐbreak it up into shapes, colors, and
family obligations, it often feels like there’s no room concepts that we have learned through education. We
in our ⓐpacked schedules for a dedicated workout. recode ⓑwhat we see through the lens of everything
But what if the workout came to you, right in the we know. We reconstruct memories rather than
midst of your daily routine? That’s (B)where the retrieving the video from memory. This is a
beauty of ⓑintegrating mini-exercises into household (A)(disadvantageous / useful) trait. It’s a more efficient
chores comes into play. Let’s be realistic; chores are way to store information ― a bit like an optimal
inevitable. Whether it’s washing dishes or (C)taking image compression algorithm such as JPG, rather than
out the trash, these tasks are an ⓒinessential part of storing a raw bitmap image file. People who (B)(have
daily life. But rather than (D)viewing chores as purely / lack) this ability and remember everything in perfect
obligatory activities, why not seize these moments as detail struggle to generalize, learn, and ⓒmake
ⓓopportunities for physical activity? For instance, connections between what they have learned. But
practice squats or engage in some wall push-ups as representing the world as abstract ideas and features
you wait for your morning kettle (E)boils. ⓓcome at a cost of seeing the world as it is.
Incorporating ⓔquick exercises into your daily chores Instead, we see the world through our assumptions,
can improve your health. motivations, and past experiences. The discovery that
our memories are reconstructed through abstract
5. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?5) representations rather than played back like a movie
completely (C)(supported / undermined) the legal
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
primacy of eyewitness testimony. ⓔSeeing is not
believing.
* retrieve: 상기하다 **primacy: 우위성
6. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?6) 8. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 바
르게 연결된 것은?8)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
(A) (B) (C)
① useful have undermined
② useful lack undermined
③ useful lack supported
④ disadvantageous lack undermined
⑤ disadvantageous have supported
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted Many forms of research lead naturally to quantitative
experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and data. A study of happiness might measure the
ⓐfound evidence that a careful deliberation of facial number of times someone smiles during an
features and a detailed discussion of selection interaction, and a study of memory might measure
procedures can actually be a sign of an inaccurate the number of items an individual can recall after
identification. It’s when people find themselves unable one, five, and ten minutes. ⓐ(Ask / Asking) people
to explain why they recognize the person, ⓑsaying how many times in a year they are sad will also yield
things like “his face just popped out at me,” that quantitative data, but it might not be reliable.
they tend to be (A)(accurate / inaccurate) more often. Respondents’ recollections may be (A)(accurate /
Sometimes our first, immediate, automatic reaction to inaccurate), and their definitions of ‘sad’ could vary
a situation is the (B)(most incorrect / truest) widely. But asking “How many times in the past year
interpretation of ⓒwhat our mind is telling us. That were you ⓑ(sad enough / enough sad) to call in sick
very first impression can also be more accurate about to work?” prompts a (B)(concrete / vague) answer.
the world than the deliberative, reasoned Similarly, instead of asking people ⓒ(to rate / rating)
self-narrative can ⓓbe. In his book Blink, Malcolm how bad a procrastinator they are, ask, “How many
Gladwell describes a variety of studies in psychology of your utility bills are you currently late in paying,
and behavioral economics that ⓔdemonstrates the even though you can afford to pay them?” Questions
(C)(inferior / superior) performance of relatively that seek concrete responses help make abstract
unconscious first guesses compared to logical concepts clearer and (C)(miss / ensure) consistency
step-by-step justifications for a decision. from one study to the next.
*procrastinator: 미루는 사람
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
Douglas Kirkland, ⓐknown for his highly artistic Yummy Paws: Pet Food Cooking Class
portraits of Hollywood celebrities, (A)was born in Join us for an exciting pet food cooking class
Toronto, Canada. When he was young, he eagerly ⓐwhere you will learn how to create healthy and
ⓑawaited the weekly arrival of Life magazine and delicious pumpkin biscuits for your furry friends!
discussed the photographs the magazine contained When: 2:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m., Every Sunday, December,
with his father. (B)Believing that he would have better 2024
career prospects, Kirkland moved to the United States Where: Green Park Community Center, Room 5
after graduating from high school and found work at Registration
a photography studio. When Look magazine ⓒhired • Register online at www.yummypawsclass.com.
him at age 24, he became their second-youngest • Limited to 10 participants for each class
photographer ever. His photos (C)were taken of Fee
Marilyn Monroe in 1961 became ⓓcontroversial • $30 per participant (Full payment ⓑrequires when
almost instantly. Kirkland spent his weeks (D)shooting registering.)
day-to-day life across the United States and his • The fee includes ⓒall ingredients.
weekends in exotic locations. His photo essays could Note
ⓔrun up to a dozen pages and (E)were seen by • Additional recipes available for free
more than half of all Americans. • For safety reasons, no pets ⓓare allowed.
• For a refund, ⓔcancel at least 48 hours before the
17. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?17) class.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
19. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?19)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
2024 K-Pop Cover Dance Contest Digital technologies are essentially related to
Good news for K-Pop fans in Canada! It’s time for metaphors, but digital metaphors are (A)(similar to /
your dance team ⓐto show your talents at this different from) linguistic ones in important ways.
contest! Linguistic metaphors are passive, in the sense that
When & Where the audience needs to choose to actively enter the
‣ Date: November 29th, 2024 world ⓐproposed by metaphor. In the Shakespearean
‣ Time: 7 p.m. - 9 p.m. metaphor “time is a beggar,” the audience is (B)(likely
‣ Location: So Merry Theatre / unlikely) to understand the metaphor without
Judging Criteria: Cooperation, Artistic Skill, Costume cognitive effort and without further ⓑengaging
Prize Shakespeare’s prose. Technological metaphors, on the
‣ Top 3 teams will ⓑbe received a $200 gift certificate. other hand, are active (and often imposing) in the
‣ The winning team will have the chance ⓒto visit sense that they are realized in digital artifacts that
Korea’s top management agencies. are actively doing things, forcefully ⓒchanged a
Application user’s meaning horizon. Technological creators cannot
‣ A cover dance video should not be more than 4 generally afford to require their potential audience
minutes ⓓlong. ⓓto wonder how the metaphor works; normally the
‣ ⓔSubmit the video, along with your application, via selling point is ⓔthat the usefulness of the
our website by November 3rd. technology is obvious at first glance. Shakespeare, on
For more information, visit www.2024kpopcontest.com. the other hand, is beloved in part because the
meaning of his works is not immediately obvious and
21. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?21) (C)(requires / eliminates) some thought on the part of
the audience.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
22. 윗글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?22) 24. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로
바르게 연결된 것은?24)
① This contest is aimed at dance teams who want
to show their talents. (A) (B) (C)
② All participants will be judged on three criteria. ① similar to likely eliminates
③ If you win this contest, you can visit Korea’s top ② different from likely requires
management agencies. ③ different from unlikely eliminates
④ There is a limitation on the length of the cover ④ different from unlikely requires
dance videos. ⑤ similar to unlikely requires
⑤ People who want to participate in this contest
just need to upload their videos on the website
presented on the notice.
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing The best defence most species of octopus have is
our limitations in information, time, and cognitive (A)to stay hidden as much as possible and do their
capacity. As we (A)(lack / possess) the resources ⓐto own hunting at night. So to find one in full view in
compute answers independently, we distribute the the shallows in daylight was a ⓐsurprise for two
computation across the population and solve the Australian underwater photographers. Actually, (B)what
answer slowly, generation by generation. Then all we they saw at first was a flounder. It was only when
have to do is socially ⓑlearn the right answers. You they looked again that they saw a medium-sized
don’t need to understand how your computer or octopus, with all eight of its arms (C)folded and its
toilet works; you just need to be able to use the two eyes staring upwards to ⓑcreate the illusion. An
interface and flush. All that needs ⓒto be transmitted octopus has a big brain, excellent eyesight and the
is which button to push — essentially how to interact ability to change colour and pattern, and this one
with technologies rather than how they work. And so was ⓒwasting these assets to turn itself into a
instead of holding (B)(less / more) information than completely different creature. Many more of this
we have mental capacity for and indeed need to species (D)have been found since then, and there are
know, we could dedicate our large brains to a small now photographs of octopuses that could be said to
piece of a giant calculation. We understand things be ⓓtransforming into sea snakes. And while they
well enough ⓓto benefit from them, but all the while mimic, they hunt — producing the spectacle of, say, a
we are making small calculations ⓔwhat contribute to flounder suddenly developing an ⓔoctopodian arm,
a larger whole. We are just doing our part in a sticking it down a hole and (E)grab whatever’s hiding
larger computation for our societies’ (C)(individual / there.
collective) brains. *flounder: 넙치 **mimic: 모방하다
25. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?25) 27. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?27)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
26. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 28. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?28)
바르게 연결된 것은?26)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
(A) (B) (C)
① lack less collective
② possess less individual
③ lack more collective
④ possess more collective
⑤ lack more individual
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
How much we suffer ⓐrelates to how we frame the When I worked for a large electronics company that
pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push manufactured laser and ink-jet printers, I soon
ⓑthemselves into (A)(extreme / mild) pain to win a discovered ⓐwhy there are often three versions of
race — their muscles screaming and their lungs many consumer goods. If the manufacturer makes
exploding with oxygen deficit, they don’t only one version of its product, people ⓑwho bought
psychologically suffer much. In fact, ultra-marathon it might have been willing to spend more money, so
runners — those people who are (B)(crazy / ordinary) the company is (A)(losing / gaining) some income. If
enough to push themselves beyond the normal the company offers two versions, one with more
boundaries of human endurance, covering distances features and more expensive than ⓒthe other, people
of 50 - 100km or more over many hours, ⓒtalking will compare the two models and still buy the less
about making friends with their pain. When a patient expensive one. But if the company introduces a third
has paid for some form of passive back pain therapy model with ⓓvery more features and more expensive
and the practitioner pushes deeply into a painful part than the other two, sales of the (B)(second / third)
of a patient’s back ⓓto mobilise it, the patient calls model go up; many people like the features of the
that (C)(good / offensive) pain if he or she believes most expensive model, but not the price. The middle
this type of deep pressure treatment will be ⓔof item has more features than the least expensive one,
value, even though the practitioner is pushing right and it is (C)(less / more) expensive than the fanciest
into the patient’s sore tissues. model. They buy the middle item, ⓔunaware that
they have been manipulated by the presence of the
29. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?29) higher-priced item.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
31. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?31)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
30. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 32. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로
바르게 연결된 것은?30) 바르게 연결된 것은?32)
(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)
① mild crazy offensive ① losing second less
② extreme crazy good ② gaining second less
③ extreme crazy offensive ③ gaining third more
④ mild ordinary offensive ④ losing second more
⑤ extreme ordinary good ⑤ gaining third less
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
On-screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look, Today, the water crisis is political — which is to say,
but the scope of the world’s climate transformation not (A)(evitable / inevitable) or beyond our capacity
may just as quickly eliminate the climate-fiction genre ⓐto fix — and, therefore, functionally elective. That is
— indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story of one reason it is nevertheless ⓑdistressing: an
warming, ⓐwhich could grow too (A)large and too abundant resource made scarce through governmental
obvious even for Hollywood. You can tell stories neglect and indifference, bad infrastructure and
‘about’ climate change while it still seems a marginal contamination, and careless urbanization. There ⓒis
feature of human life. But when the temperature no need for a water crisis, in other words, but we
(B)rises by three or four more degrees, hardly anyone have one anyway, and aren’t doing much ⓓto
will be able to feel isolated from its impacts. And so address it. Some cities lose (B)(more / less) water to
as climate change ⓑexpands across the horizon, it leaks than they deliver to homes: even in the United
may (C)continue to be a story. Why watch or read States, leaks and theft account for an estimated loss
climate fiction about the world you can see plainly of 16 percent of freshwater; in Brazil, the estimate is
out your own window? At the moment, stories 40 percent. Seen in both cases, as everywhere, the
ⓒillustrate global warming can still offer an selective scarcity clearly (C)(highlights / undermines)
(D)escapist pleasure, even if that pleasure often have-and-have-not inequities, ⓔleaves 2.1 billion
comes in the form of horror. But when we can no people without safe drinking water and 4.5 billion
longer pretend ⓓthat climate suffering is (E)distant — without proper sanitation worldwide.
in time or in place — we will stop pretending about it *elective: 선택의
and ⓔstart pretending within it.
35. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?35)
33. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?33) ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
34. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?34) 36. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로
바르게 연결된 것은?36)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
(A) (B) (C)
① evitable more highlights
② inevitable more undermines
③ evitable less highlights
④ inevitable more highlights
⑤ evitable less undermines
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on Conventional medicine ⓐhas long believed that
how well ⓐwe navigated relationships in a group. If depression is caused by an imbalance of
the group valued us, we could (A)count on support, neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a
resources, and probably a mate. If it ⓑwasn’t, we major (A)problem with this explanation. This is
might get none of these merits. It was a matter of because the imbalance of substances in the brain is a
survival, physically and genetically. Over millions of consequence of depression, not its cause. In other
years, the pressure selected for people who are words, depression ⓑcauses a decrease in brain
sensitive to and (B)unskilled at maximizing their substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not a
standing. The result was the development of a decrease in brain substances causes depression. In
tendency to unconsciously ⓒmonitor how other this (B)revised cause-and-effect, the key is ⓒto
people in our community perceive us. We (C)process reframe depression as a problem of consciousness.
that information in the form of self-esteem and such Our consciousness is a more fundamental entity
related emotions as pride, shame, or insecurity. These ⓓwhat goes beyond the functioning of the brain. The
emotions compel us ⓓto do more of what makes brain is no more than an organ of (C)consciousness.
our community (D)value us and less of what doesn’t. If it is not consciousness itself, then the root cause of
And, crucially, they are meant to make that depression is also a distortion of our state of
motivation feel like it is coming from within. If we consciousness: a consciousness that has (D)found its
realized, on a conscious level, that we were sense of self and the meaning of life. ⓔSuch a
responding to social (E)pressure, our performance disease of consciousness may manifest itself in the
might come off as grudging or cynical, ⓔmaking it form of (E)depression.
less persuasive. *neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질
*grudging: 투덜대는 **manifest: (명백히) 나타내다
37. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?37) 39. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?39)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
38. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?38) 40. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?40)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
The common accounts of human nature that ⓐfloat Life is what physicists might call a ‘high-dimensional
around in society (A)are generally a mixture of system,’ ⓐwhich is their fancy way of saying that
assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness. there’s (A)a lot going on. In just a single cell, the
However, psychology is different. It is the branch of number of possible interactions between different
science that is devoted to (B)understanding people: molecules ⓑare enormous. Such a system can only
how and why we act as we do; why we see things hope to be stable if only a smaller number of
as we do; and how we interact with one another. The (B)collective ways of being may emerge. For example,
key word here is ‘ⓑbelief.’ Psychologists don’t it is only a limited number of tissues and body
depend on opinions and hearsay, or the generally shapes ⓒthat may result from the development of a
ⓒaccepted views of society at the time, or even the human embryo. In 1942, the biologist Conrad
considered opinions of deep thinkers. Instead, they Waddington called this drastic (C)broadening of
look for ⓓevidence, to make sure (C)that psychological outcomes canalization. The organism may switch
ideas are firmly based, and not just derived from between a (D)small number of well-defined possible
generally held beliefs or assumptions. In addition to states, but can’t exist in random states in between
this evidence-based approach, psychology (D)dealing them, rather as a ball in a rough landscape must roll
with fundamental processes and principles that to the bottom of one valley or another. We’ll see
generate our rich cultural and social diversity, as well ⓓthat this is (E)true also of health and disease: there
as those ⓔshared by all human beings. These are are many causes of illness, but their manifestations at
(E)what modern psychology is all about. the physiological and symptomatic levels ⓔare often
strikingly similar.
41. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?41) *embryo: 배아 **physiological: 생리적인
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
43. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?43)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
42. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?42) 44. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?44)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
Punishing a child may not be effective due to From an early age, we assign purpose to objects
(A)(what / which) Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, and events, preferring this reasoning to random
calls ‘trick-punishments.’ A trick-punishment is a scolding, chance. Children assume, for instance, that ⓐpointy
a moment of anger or a punishment in the most rocks are that way because they don’t want you (A)to
classic sense of the word. Instead of ⓐdiscouraging sit on them. When we encounter something, we first
the child from doing something, it encourages them need to determine (B)what sort of thing it is.
(B)(to do / doing) it. For example, Hugh learns that Inanimate objects and plants generally do not move
when he hits his little brother, his mother ⓑscolds and can be evaluated from physics alone. However,
him. For a child who feels lonely, being scolded is by attributing intention to animals and even objects,
(C)(much / very) better than feeling invisible, so he we are ⓑunable to make fast decisions about the
will ⓒcontinue to hit his brother. In this case, his likely behaviour of that being. This was essential in
mother would be better adopting a different strategy. our hunter-gatherer days to avoid being eaten by
For instance, she could ⓓcongratulate Hugh when he predators.
has not hit his brother for a certain length of time. The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point
The mother clearly cannot allow the child to hit his that survival in our evolutionary past meant that we
little brother, but instead of constantly pointing out interpret ambiguous objects as agents with human
the negatives, she can choose to ⓔignore the mental characteristics, as those are the mental
positives. In this way, any parent can avoid processes which we understand. Ambiguous events
trick-punishments. (C)are caused by such agents. This results in a
perceptual system strongly ⓒbiased towards
45. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?45) anthropomorphism. Therefore, we tend to assume
intention even where there is none. This (D)would
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
have arisen as a ⓓsurvival mechanism. If a lion is
about to attack you, you need to react quickly, given
its probable intention to kill you. By the time you
have realized that the design of its teeth and claws
could kill you, you are dead. So, assuming intent,
without ⓔdetailed design analysis or understanding of
the physics, (E)have saved your life.
*ambiguous: 모호한 **anthropomorphism: 의인화
46. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 어법상 알맞은 말로 47. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것은?47)
바르게 연결된 것은?46)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
(A) (B) (C)
① what doing much
② what to do very
③ which to do much
④ which doing very
⑤ what to do much
48. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?48)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅰ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 A
- 14 -
예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 B
52. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E)에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않 54. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것의 개
은 것은?52) 수는?54)
- 15 -
예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 B
For many of us, making time for exercise is a When we see something, we naturally and
continuing ⓐchallenge. Between work commitments automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and
and family obligations, it often feels like there’s no concepts ⓐthat we have learned through education.
room in our packed schedules for a ⓑdedicated We recode what we see through the lens of
workout. But (A)what if the workout came to you, everything we (A)know. We (B)reconstruct memories
right in the midst of your daily routine? That’s where rather than ⓑretrieving the video from memory. This
the beauty of (B)integrating mini-exercises into is a useful trait. It’s a more (C)exhausting way to store
household chores comes into play. Let’s be realistic; information — a bit like an optimal image compression
chores are ⓒavoidable. (C)Whether it’s washing dishes algorithm such as JPG, rather than storing a raw
or taking out the trash, these tasks are an essential bitmap image file. People who lack this ability and
part of daily life. But rather than viewing chores as ⓒremembering everything in perfect detail (D)tend to
purely ⓓobligatory activities, why not (D)seize these generalize, learn, and make connections between what
moments as opportunities for physical activity? For they have learned. But ⓓrepresent the world as
instance, practice squats or (E)engage in some wall abstract ideas and features comes at a cost of seeing
push-ups as you wait for your morning kettle to boil. the world as it is. Instead, we see the world through
Incorporating quick exercises into your daily chores our assumptions, motivations, and past experiences.
can ⓔhinder your health. The discovery that our memories are reconstructed
through (E)abstract representations rather than played
55. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두 back like a movie completely ⓔundermined the legal
고르면?55) primacy of eyewitness testimony. Seeing is not
believing.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
*retrieve: 상기하다 **primacy: 우위성
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 B
In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted Many forms of research lead naturally to
experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found ⓐquantitative data. A study of happiness might
evidence ⓐthat a careful deliberation of facial measure the number of times (A)someone smiles
features and a detailed discussion of selection during an interaction, and a study of memory might
procedures can actually be a sign of an inaccurate measure the number of items an individual can
identification. It’s when people find themselves ⓑrecall after one, five, and ten minutes. Asking
(A)(able / unable) to explain ⓑwhy they recognize people how many times in a year (B)they are sad will
the person, saying things like “his face just popped also yield quantitative data, but it might not be
out at me,” ⓒthat they tend to be accurate more ⓒreliable. Respondents’ recollections may be
often. Sometimes our first, immediate, automatic inaccurate, and their definitions of ‘sad’ could
reaction to a situation is the truest interpretation of ⓓcoincide. But asking “How many times in the past
ⓓwhat our mind is telling us. That very first year were you sad enough to call in sick to work?”
impression can also be more (B)(accurate / unreliable) (C)prompt a concrete answer. Similarly, instead of
about the world than the deliberative, reasoned asking people to rate how bad a procrastinator they
self-narrative can be. In his book Blink, Malcolm are, (D)asking, “How many of your utility bills are you
Gladwell describes a variety of studies in psychology currently ⓔlate in paying, even though you can
and behavioral economics ⓔthat demonstrate the afford (E)to pay them?” Questions that seek concrete
superior performance of relatively (C)(conscious / responses help make abstract concepts ⓕmore
unconscious) first guesses compared to logical confusing and (F)ensure consistency from one study
step-by-step justifications for a decision. to the next.
*procrastinator: 미루는 사람
60. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않 62. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(F)중, 어법상 어색한 것의 개수는?62)
은 것은?60)
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개
① ⓐ: 명사 evidence의 구체적 내용을 설명하는 동격
절을 이루는 동격의 접속사이다.
② ⓑ: to explain의 목적어 자리의 의문사절이므로 ‘의
문사+평서문’인 간접의문문 어순을 취하고 있다.
③ ⓒ: 접속사 when이 이끄는 부사절을 강조하는 it-that
강조 구문의 that이다.
④ ⓓ: of의 목적어 자리에서 명사절을 이끄는 관계대
명사로, the thing that으로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다.
⑤ ⓔ: 선행사 behavioral economics을 수식하는 관계
사절의 주격 관계대명사와 동사로, demonstrating
으로 바꿀 수 있다.
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 B
The ⓐevolution of AI is often associated with the Douglas Kirkland, (A)known for his highly artistic
concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point portraits of Hollywood celebrities, was born in
(A)where AI exceeds human intelligence. After that Toronto, Canada. When he was young, he eagerly
point, (B)it is predicted that AI will repeatedly ⓐwaited for the weekly arrival of Life magazine and
ⓑimprove itself and evolve at an accelerated pace. discussed the photographs (B)the magazine contained
When AI becomes ⓒselfaware and pursues its own with his father. ⓑDoubting that he would have better
goals, it will be a conscious being, (C)not just a career prospects, Kirkland moved to the United States
machine. AI and human consciousness will then begin after (C)graduating from high school and (D)found
to evolve together. Our consciousness will evolve to work at a photography studio. When Look magazine
new dimensions through our interactions with AI, ⓒemployed him at age 24, he became their
which will provide us with ⓓphysical stimulation and second-youngest photographer ever. His photos taken
inspire new insights and creativity. Conversely, our of Marilyn Monroe in 1961 became ⓓforgotten
consciousness also (D)has a significant impact on the almost instantly. Kirkland (E)spent his weeks shooting
evolution of AI. The direction of AI’s evolution will day-to-day life across the United States and his
depend greatly on (E)what values and ethics we weekends in exotic locations. His photo essays could
incorporate into AI. We need to see our relationship ⓔreach a dozen pages and were seen by more than
with AI as a mutual coexistence of ⓔunconscious half of all Americans.
beings, recognizing its rights and (F)supporting the
evolution of its consciousness. 65. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두
고르면?65)
63. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두 ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
고르면?63)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
64. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(F)에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않 66. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E)에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않
은 것을 모두 골라 짝지은 것은?64) 은 것은?66)
(A) 완전한 절을 이끌어 선행사 the point를 수식하는 ① (A): 주어인 Douglas Kirkland를 부연 설명하는 분사
관계사절을 이루고 있으며, ‘전치사+관계대명사’인 구를 이끄는 자리로, ‘주격 관계대명사+be동사’
for which로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다. 인 who is가 생략된 형태로도 볼 수 있다.
(B) ‘~한 것으로 예측되다’라는 뜻으로, 문장 맨 앞의 ② (B): the photographs를 수식하는 관계사절로 the
it은 가주어이며 that은 완전한 절을 이끌어 진주 magazine 앞에 관계부사 대용의 that이 생략
어인 명사절을 이루는 명사절 접속사이다. 되어 있다.
③ (C): 전치사 after의 목적어 역할을 하는 동명사구를
(C) 두 개의 명사구를 연결하여 「A, not just B」의 구조
이루고 있다.
를 이루어 ‘단지 B가 아니라 A’라는 뜻을 나타낸다.
④ (D): 주어 Kirkland에 이어지는 과거형 동사 moved
(D) ‘…에 ~한 영향을 미치다’라는 뜻의 「have a(n) ~
와 등위접속사 and로 병렬 연결되어 있다.
impact on+명사(구)」가 쓰였다.
⑤ (E): ‘~하는 데 시간을 보내다’라는 뜻의 「spend+시
(E) 불완전한 절을 이끌어 전치사 on의 목적어 역할을 간+-ing」가 쓰였으며, spent his weeks in
하는 명사절을 이루는 관계대명사이다. shooting으로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다.
(F) 콤마(,) 앞의 명사구 a mutual coexistence를 수식
하는 현재분사구이다.
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 B
Digital technologies are essentially related to Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing
metaphors, but digital metaphors are ⓐdistinct from our ⓐlimitations in information, time, and cognitive
linguistic (A)ones in important ways. Linguistic capacity. As we lack the resources to compute answers
metaphors are ⓑactive, in the sense (B)that the independently, we ⓑdistribute the computation across
audience needs to choose to actively enter the world the population and solve the answer slowly,
proposed by metaphor. In the Shakespearean generation by generation. Then (A)all we have to do
metaphor “time is a beggar,” the audience is unlikely is socially learn the right answers. You don’t need to
to understand the metaphor without cognitive effort understand how your computer or toilet works; you
and without further ⓒengaging Shakespeare’s prose. just need to be able to use the interface and flush.
Technological metaphors, on the other hand, are All (B)that needs to be ⓒignored is which button to
active (and often imposing) in the sense that they push — essentially how to interact with technologies
(C)are realized in digital artifacts (D)that are actively rather than (C)how they work. And so instead of
doing things, ⓓforcefully changing a user’s meaning ⓓabandoning more information (D)than we have
horizon. Technological creators cannot generally afford mental capacity for and indeed need to know, we
to require their potential audience to ⓔwonder how could (E)dedicate our large brains to a small piece of
the metaphor works; normally the selling point is that a giant calculation. We understand things well
the usefulness of the technology is ⓕvague at first enough to ⓔbenefit from them, but all the while we
glance. Shakespeare, on the other hand, is beloved in are making small calculations that (F)contribute to a
part because the meaning of his works is not larger whole. We are just doing our part in a larger
immediately obvious and (E)requires some thought on computation for our societies’ collective brains.
the part of the audience.
69. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두
67. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것의 개 고르면?69)
수는?67) ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개
- 19 -
예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 B
The best defence (A)most species of octopus have How much we suffer relates to how (A)we frame
is to stay hidden as much as possible and do their the pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push
own hunting at night. So (B)to find one in full view themselves into extreme pain to win a race — their
in the shallows in ⓐdaylight was a surprise for two muscles screaming and their lungs exploding with
Australian underwater photographers. Actually, what oxygen ⓐdeficit, they don’t psychologically suffer
they saw at first was a flounder. It was only when much. In fact, ultra-marathon runners — those people
they looked again (C)that they saw a medium-sized who are (B)crazy enough to push themselves beyond
octopus, with all eight of its arms folded and (D)its the ⓑnormal boundaries of human endurance,
two eyes staring upwards to create the ⓑillusion. An (C)covered distances of 50 - 100km or more over
octopus has a big brain, excellent eyesight and the many hours, talk about ⓒmaking friends with their
ability to change colour and pattern, and this one pain. When a patient has paid for some form of
was using these ⓒhandicaps to turn itself into a passive back pain therapy and the practitioner
completely different creature. Many more of this (D)pushing deeply into a painful part of a patient’s
species have been found since then, and there are back to ⓓworsen it, the patient calls that good pain
now photographs of octopuses that could (E)be said if he or she believes this type of deep pressure
to be transforming into sea snakes. And while they treatment (E)will be of ⓔno use, even though the
ⓓmimic, they hunt — producing the spectacle of, say, practitioner is pushing right into the patient’s ⓕsore
a flounder suddenly developing an octopodian arm, tissues.
sticking it down a hole and ⓔprotecting whatever’s
hiding there. 73. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것의 개수는?73)
*flounder: 넙치 **mimic: 모방하다
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개
72. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E)에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않 74. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 모
은 것은?72) 두 고르면?74)
① (A): The best defence를 수식하는 관계사절로 앞에 ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
목적격 관계대명사 that이 생략되었다.
② (B): 목적을 나타내기 위해 쓰인 부사적용법의 to부
정사이다.
③ (C): 주어 자리의 It과 함께 부사절(only when ~
again)을 강조하는 구문을 이루고 있다.
④ (D): 등위접속사 and에 의해, with에 이어지는 두 번
째 명사구와 분사로, ‘~하면서’의 의미를 갖는
‘with 분사구문’으로 쓰였다.
⑤ (E): 관계대명사 that의 선행사 octopuses가 '~라고
말해지는‘ 대상이므로 be said to be가 쓰였다.
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 B
When I worked for a large electronics company On-screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look,
ⓐwhere manufactured laser and ink-jet printers, I but the scope of the world’s climate transformation
soon discovered why there are often three versions of may just as quickly ⓐremove the climate-fiction
many consumer goods. If the manufacturer makes genre — indeed eliminate any effort (A)to tell the
only one version of its product, people who bought story of warming, which could grow too large and
it ⓑmight have been willing to spend (A)(less / too (B)obviously even for Hollywood. You can tell
more) money, so the company is losing some income. stories ‘about’ climate change while it still seems a
If the company ⓒoffers two versions, one with more ⓑsignificant feature of human life. But when the
features and more expensive than the other, people temperature (C)rises by three or four more degrees,
will compare the two models and still ⓓbuying the hardly anyone will be able to feel isolated from its
less expensive one. But if the company introduces a impacts. And so as climate change ⓒexpands across
third model with even more features and more the horizon, it may cease (D)to be a story. Why
expensive than the other two, sales of the second watch or read climate fiction about the world (E)what
model (B)(decrease / go up); many people like the you can see plainly out your own window? At the
features of the most expensive model, but not the moment, stories illustrating global warming can still
price. The middle item has more features than the ⓓtake away an escapist pleasure, even if that
least expensive one, and it is less expensive than the pleasure often comes in the form of horror. But when
fanciest model. They buy the middle item, unaware we can no longer pretend that climate suffering is
that they ⓔhave been manipulated by the (C)(absence distant — in time or in place — we will stop
/ presence) of the higher-priced item. (F)pretending about it and start pretending ⓔwithin it.
75. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 모두 77. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두
고르면?75) 고르면?77)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
76. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 78. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(F) 중, 어법상 어색한 것의 개
바르게 연결된 것은?76) 수는?78)
(A) (B) (C) ① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개
① more go up presence
② more decrease presence
③ more go up absence
④ less decrease absence
⑤ less go up presence
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예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 B
Today, the water crisis is political — ⓐwhich is to As individuals, our ability ⓐthrived depended on
say, not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix — how well we (A)dealt with relationships in a group. If
and, therefore, functionally elective. That is one the group valued us, we could count on support,
reason it is nevertheless (A)(pleasing / distressing): an resources, and probably a mate. If it didn’t, we might
abundant resource made ⓑscarce through get none of these merits. It was a matter of
governmental neglect and indifference, bad (B)survival, physically and genetically. Over millions of
infrastructure and contamination, and careless years, the pressure selected for people who are
urbanization. There is no need for a water crisis, in sensitive to and ⓑskilled at (C)minimizing their
other words, but we have ⓒone anyway, and aren’t standing. The result was the development of a
doing (B)(much / little) to address it. Some cities lose tendency to unconsciously monitor how other people
more water to leaks than they deliver to homes: even in our community ⓒperceive us. We process that
in the United States, leaks and theft ⓓaccount for an information in the form of self-esteem and such
estimated loss of 16 percent of freshwater; in Brazil, related emotions as pride, shame, or insecurity. These
the estimate is 40 percent. Seen in both cases, as emotions (D)compel us to do more of what makes
everywhere, the selective scarcity clearly highlights our community ⓓvalues us and less of what doesn’t.
have-and-have-not (C)(equities / inequities), leaving And, crucially, they are meant ⓔto make that
2.1 billion people without safe drinking water and motivation feel like it is coming from within. If we
ⓔ4.5 billion without proper sanitation worldwide. realized, on a conscious level, ⓕwhich we were
*elective: 선택의 responding to social pressure, our performance might
come off as grudging or cynical, making it (E)more
79. 윗글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C)에서 흐름상 알맞은 말로 persuasive.
바르게 연결된 것은?79) *grudging: 투덜대는
80. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않 82. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모
은 것은?80) 두 고르면?82)
① ⓐ: ‘즉, 다시 말해서’라는 의미를 나타낸다. ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
② ⓑ: ‘make+목적어+목적격보어(형용사)’의 수동 표현
인 ‘be made+형용사’에서 과거분사 made에 이
어진 형용사이다.
③ ⓒ: 명사구 a water crisis를 대신하는 부정대명사이다.
④ ⓓ: ‘설명하다’라는 뜻으로, explain으로 바꾸어 쓸
수 있다.
⑤ ⓔ: 현재분사 leaving의 목적어로, 2.1 billion people
과 등위접속사 and로 병렬 연결되어 있으며,
4.5 billion people로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다.
- 22 -
예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 B
Conventional medicine has long believed ⓐwhat The common accounts of human nature ⓐthat float
depression is caused by a (A)disproportion of around in society are generally a mixture of
neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a assumptions, tales and sometimes plain (A)silliness.
major problem with this explanation. This is ⓑbecause However, psychology is different. It is the branch of
of the imbalance of substances in the brain is a science that is (B)dedicated to understanding people:
consequence of depression, not its cause. In other how and why we act as we do; why we see things
words, depression (B)results from a decrease in brain as we ⓑdo; and how we interact with one another.
substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not a The key word here is ‘science.’ Psychologists don’t
decrease in brain substances causes depression. In (C)pass over opinions and hearsay, or the generally
this revised cause-and-effect, the key is to reframe accepted views of society at the time, or even the
depression as a problem of consciousness. Our considered opinions of deep thinkers. Instead, ⓒthey
consciousness is a (C)more fundamental entity that look for evidence, to (D)ensure that psychological
ⓒgoes beyond the functioning of the brain. The ideas are firmly based, and not just ⓓderived from
brain is no more than an organ of consciousness. If generally held beliefs or assumptions. In addition to
it is not consciousness ⓓitself, then the root cause of this (E)experience-based approach, psychology deals
depression is also a(n) (D)improvement of our state with fundamental processes and principles that
of consciousness: a consciousness that ⓔhas been generate our rich cultural and social diversity, as well
lost its sense of self and the meaning of life. Such a as those ⓔshared by all human beings. These are
(E)disease of consciousness may manifest ⓕit in the what modern psychology is all about.
form of depression.
*neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 85. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모
**manifest: (명백히) 나타내다 두 고르면?85)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
83. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 어법상 어색한 것의 개수는?83)
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개
84. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모 86. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ에 대한 설명으로 알맞지 않
두 고르면?84) 은 것은?86)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① ⓐ: floating around로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있다.
② ⓑ: 동사 see를 대신하는 대동사로 쓰였다.
③ ⓒ: 앞 문장에 언급된 opinions of deep thinkers를
가리킨다.
④ ⓓ: 앞의 be동사 are와 함께 ‘derive A from B(A를
B로부터 도출하다)’의 수동 표현인 ‘A be
derived from B(A가 B로부터 도출되다)’를 이루
는 과거분사이다.
⑤ ⓔ: those를 수식하는 분사구를 이루는 자리로,
those가 가리키는 ‘fundamental processes
and principles’가 ‘공유되는’ 대상이므로 수동
의미의 과거분사 shared가 쓰였다.
- 23 -
예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 B
Life is ⓐwhat physicists might call a Punishing a child may not be ⓐineffective due to
‘(A)high-dimensional system,’ which is their fancy way (A)that Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls
of saying ⓑthat there’s a lot going on. In just a ‘trick-punishments.’ A trick-punishment is a scolding, a
single cell, the number of possible interactions moment of anger or a punishment in the most
between different molecules is (B)small. Such a system classic sense of the word. Instead of (B)discourage
can only hope ⓒis stable if only a smaller number of the child from doing something, it ⓑencourages
collective ways of being may emerge. For example, it them to do it. For example, Hugh learns (C)which
is only a (C)limited number of tissues and body when he hits his little brother, his mother scolds him.
shapes that may result from the development of a For a child who (D)feel lonely, being scolded is much
human embryo. In 1942, the biologist Conrad better than feeling ⓒinvisible, so he will continue to
Waddington ⓓwas called this drastic narrowing of hit his brother. In this case, his mother would be
outcomes canalization. The organism may switch better ⓓabandoning a different strategy. For instance,
between a small number of well-defined possible she could congratulate Hugh when he has not hit his
states, but can’t exist in (D)random states in between brother for a certain length of time. The mother
them, rather as a ball in a rough landscape must roll clearly cannot allow the child (E)hit his little brother,
to the bottom of one valley or ⓔanother. We’ll see but instead of constantly pointing out the ⓔnegatives,
that this is true also of health and disease: there ⓕis she can choose to reward the positives. In this way,
many causes of illness, but their manifestations at the any parent can ⓕavoid trick-punishments.
physiological and symptomatic levels are often
strikingly (E)diverse. 89. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것의 개
*embryo: 배아 **physiological: 생리적인 수는?89)
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개
87. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 모두
골라 짝지은 것은?87)
① ⓒ, ⓓ ② ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓔ ③ ⓐ, ⓓ, ⓕ
④ ⓒ, ⓓ, ⓕ ⑤ ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓔ, ⓕ
88. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모 90. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 부분을
두 고르면?88) 알맞게 고치지 않은 것은?90)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① (A): that → what
② (B): discourage → discouraging
③ (C): which → that
④ (D): feel → feels
⑤ (E): hit → hitting
- 24 -
예상문제 어법·어휘Ⅱ 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 B
From an early age, we assign ⓐpurpose to objects Once long ago, deep in the Himalayas, there
and events, (A)preferring this reasoning to random (A)lived a little panda. He was as ordinary as all the
chance. Children assume, for instance, (B)that pointy other pandas. He was completely white from head to
rocks are that way because they don’t want you to sit toe. His two big ears, his four furry feet and his cute
on them. When we encounter something, we first need round nose were all frosty white, leaving him
to ⓑignore what sort of thing it is. Inanimate objects (B)feeling ordinary and sad. Unlike the cheerful and
and plants generally do not move and can be evaluated ⓐcontented pandas around him, he desired to be
from physics alone. However, by attributing intention to distinctive, special, and (C)unique.
animals and even objects, we are able to make fast Driven by the desire for ⓑuniqueness, the little
decisions about the likely behaviour of that being. This panda sought inspiration from his distant cousin, a
was ⓒessential in our hunter-gatherer days to avoid giant white panda (D)covering with heavenly black
(C)being eaten by predators. patches. But the cousin revealed the patches were
The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point from an unintended encounter with mud, and he
that survival in our evolutionary past meant that we disliked them. ⓒSatisfied, the little panda walked
interpret ambiguous objects as agents with human home. On his way, he met a red-feathered peacock,
mental characteristics, as those are the mental who explained he turned red from eating wild berries.
processes (D)that we understand. Ambiguous events are The little panda changed his path and hurried to
caused by such agents. This results in a perceptual the nearest berry bush, greedily eating a mouthful of
system strongly ⓓreluctant about anthropomorphism. juicy red berries. However, they were so bitter (E)that
Therefore, we tend to assume intention even where he couldn’t swallow even one. At dusk, he finally got
there is none. This would have arisen as a survival home and slowly climbed his favorite bamboo tree.
mechanism. If a lion is about to attack you, you need There, he discovered a strange black and red flower
to react quickly, given its probable ⓔintention to kill with a ⓓsweet scent that tempted him (F)to eat all
you. By the time you have realized that the design of its blossoms.
its teeth and claws could kill you, you are dead. So, The following morning, under sunny skies, the little
(E)assuming intent, without detailed design analysis or panda felt remarkably better. During breakfast, he
understanding of the physics, has ⓕthreatened your life. found the other pandas chatting enthusiastically and
*ambiguous: 모호한 **anthropomorphism: 의인화 (G)asking why. They burst into laughter, exclaiming,
“Look at yourself!” Glancing down, he discovered his
91. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓕ 중, 흐름상 어색한 것을 모두 once white fur was now stained jet black and
골라 짝지은 것은?91) glowing red. He was overjoyed and realized that,
rather than by imitating others, his wishes can come
① ⓐ, ⓒ, ⓕ ② ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓔ ③ ⓑ, ⓓ, ⓕ
true from ⓔexpected places and genuine experiences.
④ ⓐ, ⓒ, ⓓ, ⓔ ⑤ ⓑ, ⓓ, ⓔ, ⓕ
- 25 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 26 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 27 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 28 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 29 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
① the computer capacity required for complex calculations ① types of transformative underwater creatures
② the relationship between society as a collective brain ② techniques needed to photograph underwater creatures
and individuals ③ the transformation ability of most octopus species
③ generational differences in the use of computers for hunting
and other digital devices ④ the beginning and history of the study of octopus
④ the influence of digital resources on the formation species
of collective intelligence ⑤ the similarities and differences between octopuses'
⑤ how to overcome the limitations of information, food hunting and flounders'
time, and cognitive ability in an individualistic culture
- 30 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 31 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 32 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 33 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 34 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 35 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃10월 43~45번┃ 세부 정보 파악
- 36 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 37 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 38 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 39 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 40 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
① 우리는 올바른 해답을 사회적으로 배우기만 하면 ① Most octopus species hide as much as possible
된다. to protect themselves.
② 독립적으로 해답을 계산하기에는 우리는 자원이 부 ② It was in the shallows during the day that two
족하다. Australian photographers found an octopus in
③ 우리는 사물을 잘 이해해서 그것들에서 이득을 얻 full view.
을 수 있다. ③ When Australian photographers saw the octopus
④ 컴퓨터나 변기의 작동 원리와 함께 기술과 상호 작 again, it had been making an optical illusion with
용하는 방법을 전달해야 한다. its all arms folded and eyes gazing upwards.
⑤ 우리의 정신적 수용 능력에 비해 더 많은 정보를 ④ An octopus can transform itself into completely
가지는 대신 우리의 두뇌를 거대한 계산의 작은 조 different creatures thanks to a large brain, superb
각에 바칠 수 있다. vision, and the ability to change colors and patterns.
⑤ The way an octopus hunts while mimicking is similar
to the way a flounder unexpectedly develops its
arms like an octopus' legs and pokes them into a
hole to catch something.
- 41 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 42 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 43 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 44 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 45 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 46 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 47 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
140. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?140) 142. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?142)
As I waited outside the locker room after a When we see something, we naturally and
hard-fought basketball game, the coach called out to automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and
me, “David, walk with me.” I figured he was going to concepts that we have learned through education. We
tell me something important. He was going to select recode what we see through the lens of everything
me to be the captain of the team, the leader I had we know. We reconstruct memories rather than
always wanted to be. My heart was ___________________ retrieving the video from memory. This is a useful
________________. But when his next words hit my ears, trait. It’s a more efficient way to store information —
everything changed. “We’re going to have to send a bit like an optimal image compression algorithm
you home,” he said coldly. “I don’t think you are such as JPG, rather than storing a raw bitmap image
going to make it.” I couldn’t believe his decision. I file. People who lack this ability and remember
tried to hold it together, but inside I was falling everything in perfect detail struggle to generalize,
apart. A car would be waiting tomorrow morning to learn, and make connections between what they have
take me home. And just like that, it was over. learned. But representing the world as abstract ideas
and features comes at a cost of seeing the world as
① heavy with regret it is. Instead, we see the world through our
② beating fast with fear assumptions, motivations, and past experiences. The
③ racing with anticipation discovery that our memories are reconstructed
④ sinking with disappointment through abstract representations rather than played
⑤ filled with respect for the coach back like a movie completely undermined the legal
primacy of eyewitness testimony. _______________________
___________
유형 C ┃10월 20번┃
*retrieve: 상기하다 **primacy: 우위성
① satisfactory experience
② purely obligatory activities
③ activities for mental practice
④ completely necessary behaviors
⑤ tedious but indispensable things
- 48 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 49 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
145. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?145) 146. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?146)
The evolution of AI is often associated with the Digital technologies are essentially related to
concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point metaphors, but digital metaphors are different from
at which AI exceeds human intelligence. After that linguistic ones in important ways. Linguistic metaphors
point, it is predicted that AI will repeatedly improve are passive, in the sense that the audience needs to
itself and evolve at an accelerated pace. When AI choose to actively enter the world proposed by
becomes self-aware and pursues its own goals, it will metaphor. In the Shakespearean metaphor “time is a
be a conscious being, not just a machine. AI and beggar,” the audience is unlikely to understand the
human consciousness will then begin to evolve metaphor without cognitive effort and without further
together. Our consciousness will evolve to new engaging Shakespeare’s prose. Technological metaphors,
dimensions through our interactions with AI, which on the other hand, are active (and often imposing) in
will provide us with intellectual stimulation and inspire the sense that they are realized in digital artifacts
new insights and creativity. Conversely, our that are actively doing things, forcefully changing a
consciousness also has a significant impact on the user’s meaning horizon. Technological creators cannot
evolution of AI. The direction of AI’s evolution will generally afford to require their potential audience to
depend greatly on what values and ethics we wonder how the metaphor works; normally the selling
incorporate into AI. We need to see our relationship point is that the usefulness of the technology is
with AI as a _______________________________ of conscious obvious at first glance. Shakespeare, on the other
beings, recognizing its rights and supporting the hand, is beloved in part because the meaning of his
evolution of its consciousness. works is not _____________________________ and requires
some thought on the part of the audience.
① labor exploitation
② reciprocal distrust ① extremely difficult ② deliberately vague
③ reverse mentoring ③ illogically organized ④ immediately obvious
④ heavy competition ⑤ intentionally figurative
⑤ mutual coexistence
- 50 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
147. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?147) 148. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?148)
Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing The best defence most species of octopus have is
our limitations in information, time, and cognitive to stay hidden as much as possible and do their own
capacity. As we lack the resources to compute hunting at night. So to find one in full view in the
answers independently, we distribute the computation shallows in daylight was a surprise for two Australian
across the population and solve the answer slowly, underwater photographers. Actually, what they saw at
generation by generation. Then all we have to do is first was a flounder. It was only when they looked
socially learn the right answers. You don’t need to again that they saw a medium-sized octopus, with all
understand how your computer or toilet works; you eight of its arms folded and its two eyes staring
just need to be able to use the interface and flush. upwards to create the illusion. An octopus has a big
All that needs to be transmitted is which button to brain, excellent eyesight and the ability to change
push — essentially how to interact with technologies colour and pattern, and this one was using these
rather than how they work. And so instead of assets to turn itself into a completely different
holding more information than we have mental creature. Many more of this species have been found
capacity for and indeed need to know, we could since then, and there are now photographs of
dedicate our large brains to a small piece of a giant octopuses that could be said to be ___________________
calculation. We understand things well enough to sea snakes. And while they mimic, they hunt —
benefit from them, but all the while we are making producing the spectacle of, say, a flounder suddenly
small calculations that contribute to a larger whole. developing an octopodian arm, sticking it down a
We are just doing our part in __________________________ hole and grabbing whatever’s hiding there.
___________________________________. *flounder: 넙치 **mimic: 모방하다
- 51 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
149. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?149) 150. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?150)
How much we suffer relates to how we frame the When I worked for a large electronics company that
pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push manufactured laser and ink-jet printers, I soon
themselves into extreme pain to win a race — their discovered why there are often three versions of
muscles screaming and their lungs exploding with many consumer goods. If the manufacturer makes
oxygen deficit, they _____________________________________. only one version of its product, people who bought
In fact, ultra-marathon runners — those people who it might have been willing to spend more money, so
are crazy enough to push themselves normal the company is losing some income. If the company
boundaries of human endurance, covering distances offers two versions, one with more features and more
of 50 - 100km or more over many hours, talk about expensive than the other, people will compare the
making friends with their pain. When a patient has two models and still buy the less expensive one. But
paid for some form of passive back pain therapy and if the company introduces a third model with even
the practitioner pushes deeply into a painful part of a more features and more expensive than the other
patient’s back to mobilise it, the patient calls that two, _______________________________________; many people
good pain if he or she believes this type of deep like the features of the most expensive model, but
pressure treatment will be of value, even though the not the price. The middle item has more features
practitioner is pushing right into the patient’s sore than the least expensive one, and it is less expensive
tissues. than the fanciest model. They buy the middle item,
unaware that they have been manipulated by the
① never give up the race presence of the higher-priced item.
② don’t psychologically suffer much
③ don’t have any pain in other body parts ① sales of the second model go up
④ go beyond normal boundaries of human endurance ② the second model will be discontinued
⑤ think such physical pain is nothing compared to ③ the prices of the other two models rise
mental pain ④ people buy a product from another company
⑤ people demand a price cut for the second model
- 52 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
151. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?151) 152. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?152)
On-screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look, Today, the water crisis is _________ — which is to say,
but the scope of the world’s climate transformation not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix — and,
may just as quickly eliminate the climate-fiction genre therefore, functionally elective. That is one reason it is
— indeed eliminate any effort to _______________________ nevertheless distressing: an abundant resource made
_______________, which could grow too large and too scarce through governmental neglect and indifference,
obvious even for Hollywood. You can tell stories bad infrastructure and contamination, and careless
‘about’ climate change while it still seems a marginal urbanization. There is no need for a water crisis, in
feature of human life. But when the temperature rises other words, but we have one anyway, and aren’t
by three or four more degrees, hardly anyone will be doing much to address it. Some cities lose more
able to feel isolated from its impacts. And so as water to leaks than they deliver to homes: even in
climate change expands across the horizon, it may the United States, leaks and theft account for an
cease to be a story. Why watch or read climate estimated loss of 16 percent of freshwater; in Brazil,
fiction about the world you can see plainly out your the estimate is 40 percent. Seen in both cases, as
everywhere, the selective scarcity clearly highlights
own window? At the moment, stories illustrating
have-and-have-not inequities, leaving 2.1 billion people
global warming can still offer an escapist pleasure,
without safe drinking water and 4.5 billion without
even if that pleasure often comes in the form of
proper sanitation worldwide. *elective: 선택의
horror. But when we can no longer pretend that
climate suffering is distant — in time or in place — we
① severe ② political ③ emotional
will stop pretending about it and start pretending
④ immediate ⑤ international
within it.
- 53 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
154. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?154) 155. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 연결된 것은?155)
Conventional medicine has long believed that The common accounts of human nature that float
depression is caused by an imbalance of around in society are generally a mixture of
neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness.
major problem with this explanation. This is because (A)______________, psychology is different. It is the
the imbalance of substances in the brain is a branch of science that is devoted to understanding
consequence of depression, not its cause. In other people: how and why we act as we do; why we see
words, depression causes a decrease in brain things as we do; and how we interact with one
substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not a another. The key word here is ‘science.’ Psychologists
decrease in brain substances causes depression. In don’t depend on opinions and hearsay, or the
this revised cause-and-effect, the key is to reframe generally accepted views of society at the time, or
depression as a problem of consciousness. Our even the considered opinions of deep thinkers.
consciousness is a more fundamental entity that goes (B)______________, they look for evidence, to make sure
beyond the functioning of the brain. The brain is no that psychological ideas are firmly based, and not just
more than an organ of consciousness. If it is not derived from generally held beliefs or assumptions. In
consciousness itself, then the root cause of addition to this evidence-based approach, psychology
depression is also _______________________ of our state deals with fundamental processes and principles that
of consciousness: a consciousness that has lost its generate our rich cultural and social diversity, as well
sense of self and the meaning of life. Such a disease as those shared by all human beings. These are what
of consciousness may manifest itself in the form of modern psychology is all about.
depression.
*neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 (A) (B)
**manifest: (명백히) 나타내다 ① Otherwise Similarly
② Besides Instead
① an analysis ② a distortion ③ a refinement ③ However Similarly
④ the perception ⑤ the incomprehension ④ Besides Consequently
⑤ However Instead
- 54 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
156. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?156) 157. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 연결된 것은?157)
Life is what physicists might call a ‘high-dimensional Punishing a child may not be effective due to what
system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls ‘trick-punishments.’
there’s a lot going on. In just a single cell, the A trick-punishment is a scolding, a moment of anger
number of possible interactions between different or a punishment in the most classic sense of the
molecules is enormous. Such a system can only hope word. Instead of discouraging the child from doing
to be stable if only a smaller number of collective something, it encourages them to do it.
ways of being may emerge. For example, it is only a (A)______________, Hugh learns that when he hits his
limited number of tissues and body shapes that may little brother, his mother scolds him. For a child who
result from the development of a human embryo. In feels lonely, being scolded is much better than
1942, the biologist Conrad Waddington called this feeling invisible, so he will continue to hit his brother.
___________________________________________ canalization. The In this case, his mother would be better adopting a
organism may switch between a small number of different strategy. For instance, she could congratulate
well-defined possible states, but can’t exist in random Hugh when he has not hit his brother for a certain
states in between them, rather as a ball in a rough length of time. The mother clearly cannot allow the
landscape must roll to the bottom of one valley or child to hit his little brother, but instead of constantly
another. We’ll see that this is true also of health and pointing out the negatives, she can choose to reward
disease: there are many causes of illness, but their the positives. (B)______________, any parent can avoid
manifestations at the physiological and symptomatic trick-punishments.
levels are often strikingly similar.
*embryo: 배아 **physiological: 생리적인 (A) (B)
① In other respects However
① drastic narrowing of outcomes ② For example In this manner
② evolution of the human species ③ In addition For this reason
③ direct interaction between tissues ④ For instance Otherwise
④ similarity between human embryos ⑤ Moreover In this way
⑤ sudden appearance of human beings
- 55 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
158. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 연결된 것은?158) 159. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?159)
From an early age, we (A)____________________ to Once long ago, deep in the Himalayas, there lived a
objects and events, preferring this reasoning to little panda. He was as ordinary as all the other
random chance. Children assume, for instance, that pandas. He was completely white from head to toe.
pointy rocks are that way because they don’t want His two big ears, his four furry feet and his cute
you to sit on them. When we encounter something, round nose were all frosty white, leaving him feeling
we first need to determine what sort of thing it is. ordinary and sad. Unlike the cheerful and contented
Inanimate objects and plants generally do not move pandas around him, he desired to be distinctive,
and can be evaluated from physics alone. However, special, and unique.
by attributing intention to animals and even objects, Driven by the desire for uniqueness, the little panda
we are able to make fast decisions about the likely sought inspiration from his distant cousin, a giant
behaviour of that being. This was essential in our white panda covered with heavenly black patches. But
hunter-gatherer days to avoid being eaten by the cousin revealed the patches were from an
predators. unintended encounter with mud, and he disliked
The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point them. Disappointed, the little panda walked home. On
that survival in our evolutionary past meant that we his way, he met a red-feathered peacock, who
interpret ambiguous objects as agents with human explained he turned red from eating wild berries.
mental characteristics, as those are the mental The little panda changed his path and hurried to
processes which we understand. Ambiguous events the nearest berry bush, greedily eating a mouthful of
are caused by such agents. This results in a juicy red berries. However, they were so bitter he
perceptual system strongly biased towards couldn’t swallow even one. At dusk, he finally got
anthropomorphism. Therefore, we tend to assume home and slowly climbed his favorite bamboo tree.
intention even where there is none. This would have There, he discovered a strange black and red flower
arisen as a survival mechanism. If a lion is about to with a sweet scent that tempted him to eat all its
attack you, you need to react quickly, given its blossoms.
probable intention to kill you. By the time you have The following morning, under sunny skies, the little
realized that the design of its teeth and claws could panda felt remarkably better. During breakfast, he
kill you, you are dead. So, assuming intent, without found the other pandas chatting enthusiastically and
detailed design analysis or understanding of the asked why. They burst into laughter, exclaiming, “Look
physics, (B)____________________. at yourself!” Glancing down, he discovered his once
*ambiguous: 모호한 **anthropomorphism: 의인화 white fur was now stained jet black and glowing red.
He was overjoyed and realized that, rather than by
(A) (B) ____________________________________, his wishes can come
① provide care has endangered your life true from unexpected places and genuine experiences.
② accord power has put you in danger
③ grant intention has led to death ① copying others
④ assign purpose has helped you survive ② making friends
⑤ yield precedence has saved your life ③ following the trend
④ ignoring differences
⑤ concealing his intentions
- 56 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 57 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
162. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?162) 163. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?163)
For many of us, making time for exercise is a When we see something, we naturally and
continuing challenge. Between work commitments and automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and
family obligations, it often feels like there’s no room concepts that we have learned through education. We
in our packed schedules for a dedicated workout. But recode what we see through the lens of everything
what if the workout came to you, right in the midst we know. We reconstruct memories rather than
of your daily routine? That’s where the beauty of ____ retrieving the video from memory. This is a useful
_________________________________________ comes into play. trait. It’s a more efficient way to store information —
Let’s be realistic; chores are inevitable. Whether it’s a bit like an optimal image compression algorithm
washing dishes or taking out the trash, these tasks such as JPG, rather than storing a raw bitmap image
are an essential part of daily life. But rather than file. People who lack this ability and remember
viewing chores as purely obligatory activities, why not everything in perfect detail struggle to generalize,
seize these moments as opportunities for physical learn, and make connections between what they have
activity? For instance, practice squats or engage in learned. But representing the world as abstract ideas
some wall push-ups as you wait for your morning and features _____________________________________________.
kettle to boil. Incorporating quick exercises into your Instead, we see the world through our assumptions,
daily chores can improve your health. motivations, and past experiences. The discovery that
our memories are reconstructed through abstract
① scheduling regular gym sessions after work representations rather than played back like a movie
② turning exercise into a family bonding activity completely undermined the legal primacy of
③ hiring a helper to take on some of housework eyewitness testimony. Seeing is not believing.
④ integrating mini-exercises into household chores *retrieve: 상기하다 **primacy: 우위성
⑤ focusing on quick, high-intensity strength training
① complicates the process of learning
② reduces our capacity for critical thinking
③ comes at a cost of seeing the world as it is
④ limits our ability to store memories effectively
⑤ helps us to retrieve information more accurately
- 58 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
164. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?164) 165. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?165)
In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted Many forms of research lead naturally to
experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found quantitative data. A study of happiness might
evidence that a careful deliberation of facial features measure the number of times someone smiles during
and a detailed discussion of selection procedures can an interaction, and a study of memory might measure
actually be a sign of an inaccurate identification. It’s the number of items an individual can recall after
when people find themselves unable to explain why one, five, and ten minutes. Asking people how many
they recognize the person, saying things like “his face times in a year they are sad will also yield
just popped out at me,” that they tend to be quantitative data, but it might not be reliable.
accurate more often. Sometimes our first, immediate, Respondents’ recollections may be inaccurate, and
automatic reaction to a situation _______________________ their definitions of ‘sad’ could vary widely. But asking
__________________________________________. That very first “How many times in the past year were you sad
impression can also be more accurate about the enough to call in sick to work?” prompts a concrete
world than the deliberative, reasoned self-narrative answer. Similarly, instead of asking people to rate
can be. In his book Blink, Malcolm Gladwell describes how bad a procrastinator they are, ask, “How many
a variety of studies in psychology and behavioral of your utility bills are you currently late in paying,
economics that demonstrate the superior performance even though you can afford to pay them?” ___________
of relatively unconscious first guesses compared to ______________________________________ help make abstract
logical step-by-step justifications for a decision. concepts clearer and ensure consistency from one
study to the next.
① can change based on the influence of others *procrastinator: 미루는 사람
② can be misinterpreted due to our facial expressions
③ is a reliable judgment shaped by a complex analysis ① Questions that seek concrete responses
④ is the response we cunningly create to deceive others ② Many studies that cover various emotions
⑤ is the truest interpretation of what our mind is ③ Interactions between researchers and respondents
telling us ④ Complex issues that cause many different opinions
⑤ Opportunities to change their answers after reconsideration
- 59 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
166. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?166) 167. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?167)
The evolution of AI is often associated with the Digital technologies are essentially related to
concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point metaphors, but digital metaphors are different from
at which AI exceeds human intelligence. After that linguistic ones in important ways. Linguistic metaphors
point, it is predicted that AI will repeatedly improve are passive, in the sense that the audience needs to
itself and evolve at an accelerated pace. When AI choose to actively enter the world proposed by
becomes self-aware and pursues its own goals, it will metaphor. In the Shakespearean metaphor “time is a
___________________________________________________. AI and beggar,” the audience is unlikely to understand the
human consciousness will then begin to evolve metaphor without cognitive effort and without further
together. Our consciousness will evolve to new engaging Shakespeare’s prose. Technological metaphors,
dimensions through our interactions with AI, which on the other hand, are active (and often imposing) in
will provide us with intellectual stimulation and inspire the sense that they are realized in digital artifacts
new insights and creativity. Conversely, our that are actively doing things, forcefully changing a
consciousness also has a significant impact on the user’s meaning horizon. Technological creators cannot
evolution of AI. The direction of AI’s evolution will generally afford to require their potential audience to
depend greatly on what values and ethics we wonder how the metaphor works; normally the selling
incorporate into AI. We need to see our relationship point is that ______________________________________________
with AI as a mutual coexistence of conscious beings, _________________. Shakespeare, on the other hand, is
recognizing its rights and supporting the evolution of beloved in part because the meaning of his works is
its consciousness. not immediately obvious and requires some thought
on the part of the audience.
① become a threat, not a supportive ally
② be a conscious being, not just a machine ① digital artifacts are fun and ingenious
③ remain completely independent of humans ② most of the technical creators are anonymous
④ operate without any form of consciousness ③ digital metaphors vary but are not complicated
⑤ be limited to performing specific tasks only ④ the usefulness of the technology is obvious at
first glance
⑤ audience can use digital metaphors only by using
the knowledge of digital technology
- 60 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
168. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?168) 169. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?169)
Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing The best defence most species of octopus have is
our limitations in information, time, and cognitive to stay hidden as much as possible and do their own
capacity. As we lack the resources to compute hunting at night. So to find one in full view in the
answers independently, we ______________________________ shallows in daylight was a surprise for two Australian
____________________ and solve the answer slowly, underwater photographers. Actually, what they saw at
generation by generation. Then all we have to do is first was a flounder. It was only when they looked
socially learn the right answers. You don’t need to again that they saw a medium-sized octopus, with all
understand how your computer or toilet works; you eight of its arms folded and its two eyes staring
just need to be able to use the interface and flush. upwards to create the illusion. An octopus has a big
All that needs to be transmitted is which button to brain, excellent eyesight and the ability to change
push—essentially how to interact with technologies colour and pattern, and this one was using these
rather than how they work. And so instead of assets to _________________________________________________
holding more information than we have mental _________. Many more of this species have been found
capacity for and indeed need to know, we could since then, and there are now photographs of
dedicate our large brains to a small piece of a giant octopuses that could be said to be transforming into
calculation. We understand things well enough to sea snakes. And while they mimic, they hunt —
benefit from them, but all the while we are making producing the spectacle of, say, a flounder suddenly
small calculations that contribute to a larger whole. developing an octopodian arm, sticking it down a
We are just doing our part in a larger computation hole and grabbing whatever’s hiding there.
for our societies’ collective brains. *flounder: 넙치 **mimic: 모방하다
- 61 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
170. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?170) 171. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?171)
How much we suffer relates to how we frame the When I worked for a large electronics company that
pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push manufactured laser and ink-jet printers, I soon
themselves into extreme pain to win a race — their discovered ________________________________________________
muscles screaming and their lungs exploding with _______________________. If the manufacturer makes only
oxygen deficit, they don’t psychologically suffer much. one version of its product, people who bought it
In fact, ultra-marathon runners — those people who might have been willing to spend more money, so
are crazy enough to push themselves beyond the the company is losing some income. If the company
normal boundaries of human endurance, covering offers two versions, one with more features and more
distances of 50 - 100km or more over many hours, expensive than the other, people will compare the
talk about making friends with their pain. When a two models and still buy the less expensive one. But
patient has paid for some form of passive back pain if the company introduces a third model with even
therapy and the practitioner pushes deeply into a more features and more expensive than the other
painful part of a patient’s back to mobilise it, the two, sales of the second model go up; many people
patient calls that good pain if __________________________ like the features of the most expensive model, but
____________________________________________________________, not the price. The middle item has more features
even though the practitioner is pushing right into the than the least expensive one, and it is less expensive
patient’s sore tissues. than the fanciest model. They buy the middle item,
unaware that they have been manipulated by the
① he or she is not very sensitive to pain presence of the higher-priced item.
② he or she has received that kind of therapy before
③ he or she is a 1500m runner or an ultra-marathon ① what people value most when buying electronics
runner ② why the cheapest version of a product doesn't sell
④ he or she feels their practitioner is unskilled at the well
treatment ③ why not all consumers prefer the latest version of
⑤ he or she believes this type of deep pressure a product
treatment will be of value ④ why there are often three versions of many consumer
goods
⑤ how electronics manufacturers differentiate their
products from those of other companies in the
market
- 62 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
172. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?172) 173. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?173)
On-screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look, Today, the water crisis is political — which is to say,
but the scope of the world’s climate transformation ____________________________________________________ — and,
may just as quickly eliminate the climate-fiction genre therefore, functionally elective. That is one reason it is
— indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story of nevertheless distressing: an abundant resource made
warming, which could grow too large and too scarce through governmental neglect and indifference,
obvious even for Hollywood. You can tell stories bad infrastructure and contamination, and careless
‘about’ climate change while it still seems a marginal urbanization. There is no need for a water crisis, in
feature of human life. But when the temperature rises other words, but we have one anyway, and aren’t
by three or four more degrees, hardly anyone will be doing much to address it. Some cities lose more
able to feel isolated from its impacts. And so as water to leaks than they deliver to homes: even in
climate change expands across the horizon, it may the United States, leaks and theft account for an
cease to be a story. Why watch or read climate estimated loss of 16 percent of freshwater; in Brazil,
fiction about the world you can see plainly out your the estimate is 40 percent. Seen in both cases, as
own window? At the moment, stories illustrating everywhere, the selective scarcity clearly highlights
global warming can still offer an escapist pleasure, have-and-have-not inequities, leaving 2.1 billion
even if that pleasure often comes in the form of people without safe drinking water and 4.5 billion
horror. But when we can no longer pretend that without proper sanitation worldwide.
climate suffering is distant — in time or in place — ___ *elective: 선택의
_____________________________________________________________
__________. ① economic or causing a class conflict
② not personal or irrelevant to private rights
① we will take active action to prevent climate disaster ③ not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix
② we will make a movie that portrays climate suffering ④ not budgetary or not requiring financial support
starkly ⑤ serious or difficult for our society to work together
③ we will regret having enjoyed the stories about climate to solve
disaster
④ we will stop pretending about it and start pretending
within it
⑤ we will pretend in the real world to be the heroes
in the movie who save the earth
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
174. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?174) 175. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?175)
As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on Conventional medicine has long believed that
how well we navigated relationships in a group. If the depression is caused by an imbalance of
group valued us, we could count on support, neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a
resources, and probably a mate. If it didn’t, we might major problem with this explanation. This is because
get none of these merits. It was a matter of survival, the imbalance of substances in the brain is a
physically and genetically. Over millions of years, the consequence of depression, not its cause. In other
pressure selected for people who are sensitive to and words, depression causes a decrease in brain
skilled at maximizing their standing. The result was substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not a
the development of _____________________________________ decrease in brain substances causes depression. In
____________________________________________________________. this revised cause-and-effect, the key is to ____________
We process that information in the form of _______________________________________________________. Our
self-esteem and such related emotions as pride, consciousness is a more fundamental entity that goes
shame, or insecurity. These emotions compel us to do beyond the functioning of the brain. The brain is no
more of what makes our community value us and more than an organ of consciousness. If it is not
less of what doesn’t. And, crucially, they are meant to consciousness itself, then the root cause of
make that motivation feel like it is coming from depression is also a distortion of our state of
within. If we realized, on a conscious level, that we consciousness: a consciousness that has lost its sense
were responding to social pressure, our performance of self and the meaning of life. Such a disease of
might come off as grudging or cynical, making it less consciousness may manifest itself in the form of
persuasive. depression.
*grudging: 투덜대는 *neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질
**manifest: (명백히) 나타내다
① our will to be community leaders and control others
② our desire to have stronger physical abilities than ① redefine depression as a modern disease
anyone else’s in the group ② reframe depression as a problem of consciousness
③ our tendency to be indifferent to the members of ③ consider depression as a basic state of consciousness
the group and to avoid them ④ blame depression on the collision of brain substances
④ a tendency to unconsciously monitor how other ⑤ reevaluate depression as the uniqueness of the human
people in our community perceive us brain
⑤ a tendency to watch closely how other people in
our community maximize their standings
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
176. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?176) 177. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?177)
The common accounts of human nature that float Life is what physicists might call a ‘high-dimensional
around in society are generally a mixture of system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that
assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness. there’s a lot going on. In just a single cell, the
However, psychology is different. It is the branch of number of possible interactions between different
science that is devoted to understanding people: how molecules is enormous. Such a system can only hope
and why we act as we do; why we see things as we to be stable _____________________________________________.
do; and how we interact with one another. The key For example, it is only a limited number of tissues
word here is ‘science.’ Psychologists don’t depend on and body shapes that may result from the
opinions and hearsay, or the generally accepted views development of a human embryo. In 1942, the
of society at the time, or even the considered biologist Conrad Waddington called this drastic
opinions of deep thinkers. Instead, they _______________ narrowing of outcomes canalization. The organism may
_____________________, to make sure that psychological switch between a small number of well-defined
ideas are firmly based, and not just derived from possible states, but can’t exist in random states in
generally held beliefs or assumptions. In addition to between them, rather as a ball in a rough landscape
this evidence-based approach, psychology deals with must roll to the bottom of one valley or another.
fundamental processes and principles that generate We’ll see that this is true also of health and disease:
our rich cultural and social diversity, as well as those there are many causes of illness, but their
shared by all human beings. These are what modern manifestations at the physiological and symptomatic
psychology is all about. levels are often strikingly similar.
*embryo: 배아 **physiological: 생리적인
① seek evidence ② exclude proof
③ support opinions ④ reject hypotheses ① if it must develop into more complicated and unique
⑤ neglect principles one
② if a highly competitive environment would be provided
for it
③ if only a smaller number of collective ways of being
may emerge
④ if various molecules can exist in a state of complete
disorder
⑤ if it may communicate with other systems without
any restraints
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
178. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?178) 179. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?179)
Punishing a child may not be effective due to what From an early age, we assign purpose to objects
Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls ‘trick-punishments.’ and events, preferring this reasoning to random
A trick-punishment is a scolding, a moment of anger chance. Children assume, for instance, that pointy
or a punishment in the most classic sense of the rocks are that way because they don’t want you to
word. Instead of discouraging the child from doing sit on them. When we encounter something, we first
something, it encourages them to do it. For example, need to determine what sort of thing it is. Inanimate
Hugh learns that when he hits his little brother, his objects and plants generally do not move and can be
mother scolds him. For a child who feels lonely, evaluated from physics alone. However, by attributing
being scolded is much better than feeling invisible, so intention to animals and even objects, we are able to
he will continue to hit his brother. In this case, his make fast decisions about the likely behaviour of that
mother would be better adopting a different strategy. being. This was essential in our hunter-gatherer days
For instance, she could congratulate Hugh when he ____________________________________________.
has not hit his brother for a certain length of time. The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point
The mother clearly cannot allow the child to hit his that survival in our evolutionary past meant that we
little brother, but ________________________________________ interpret ambiguous objects as agents with human
________________________, she can choose to reward the mental characteristics, as those are the mental
positives. In this way, any parent can avoid processes which we understand. Ambiguous events
trick-punishments. are caused by such agents. This results in a
perceptual system strongly biased towards
① in place of concentrating on the negatives all the anthropomorphism. Therefore, we tend to assume
time intention even where there is none. This would have
② in addition to paying special attention to the negatives arisen as a survival mechanism. If a lion is about to
③ on account of her principle: ‘Spare the rod and spoil attack you, you need to react quickly, given its
the child,’ probable intention to kill you. By the time you have
④ instead of constantly complimenting him on his bad realized that the design of its teeth and claws could
behavior kill you, you are dead. So, assuming intent, without
⑤ in spite of always punishing him for hitting his little detailed design analysis or understanding of the
brother physics, has saved your life.
*ambiguous: 모호한 **anthropomorphism: 의인화
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃10월 43~45번┃ 함축 의미 추론
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
187. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?187) 188. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?188)
(A) The evolution of AI is often associated with the (A) How much we suffer relates to how we frame the
concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point pain in our mind. (B) When 1500m runners push
at which AI exceeds human intelligence. (B) After that themselves into extreme pain to win a race — their
point, it is predicted that AI will repeatedly improve muscles screaming and their lungs exploding with
itself and evolve at an accelerated pace. When AI oxygen deficit, they don’t psychologically suffer much.
becomes self-aware and pursues its own goals, it will (C) In fact, ultra-marathon runners — those people who
be a conscious being, not just a machine. AI and are crazy enough to push themselves beyond the
human consciousness will then begin to evolve normal boundaries of human endurance, covering
together. (C) Our consciousness will evolve to new distances of 50 - 100km or more over many hours,
dimensions through our interactions with AI, which talk about making friends with their pain. (D) There's no
will provide us with intellectual stimulation and inspire better challenge than an ultra-marathon for those who
new insights and creativity. (D) Conversely, our crave a much greater sense of accomplishment than
consciousness also has a significant impact on the they've ever felt in any run. (E) When a patient has
evolution of AI. The direction of AI’s evolution will paid for some form of passive back pain therapy and
depend greatly on what values and ethics we the practitioner pushes deeply into a painful part of a
incorporate into AI. (E) The ethical considerations patient’s back to mobilise it, the patient calls that good
surrounding AI, as well as intellectual capacity of its pain if he or she believes this type of deep pressure
developers and users, are both significant. We need treatment will be of value, even though the practitioner
to see our relationship with AI as a mutual is pushing right into the patient’s sore tissues.
coexistence of conscious beings, recognizing its rights
and supporting the evolution of its consciousness. ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
190. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?190) 191. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?191)
As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on Conventional medicine has long believed that
how well we navigated relationships in a group. (A) If depression is caused by an imbalance of neurotransmitters
the group valued us, we could count on support, in the brain. However, there is a major problem with
resources, and probably a mate. If it didn’t, we might this explanation. (A) This is because the imbalance of
get none of these merits. It was a matter of survival, substances in the brain is a consequence of
physically and genetically. (B) Over millions of years, depression, not its cause. In other words, depression
the pressure selected for people who are sensitive to causes a decrease in brain substances such as serotonin
and skilled at maximizing their standing. (C) The result and noradrenaline, not a decrease in brain substances
was the development of a tendency to unconsciously causes depression. (B) Depression also affects physical
monitor how other people in our community perceive health, leading to pain in body parts and decreased
us. We process that information in the form of immunity. (C) In this revised cause-and-effect, the key
self-esteem and such related emotions as pride, is to reframe depression as a problem of consciousness.
shame, or insecurity. (D) We feel shame when we do (D) Our consciousness is a more fundamental entity
something wrong, which affects our self-esteem and that goes beyond the functioning of the brain. The
pride, and embracing our mistakes is essential to brain is no more than an organ of consciousness. If
overcome it. These emotions compel us to do more it is not consciousness itself, then the root cause of
of what makes our community value us and less of depression is also a distortion of our state of
what doesn’t. And, crucially, they are meant to make consciousness: a consciousness that has lost its sense
that motivation feel like it is coming from within. of self and the meaning of life. (E) Such a disease of
(E) If we realized, on a conscious level, that we were consciousness may manifest itself in the form of
responding to social pressure, our performance might depression.
come off as grudging or cynical, making it less *neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질
persuasive. **manifest: (명백히) 나타내다
*grudging: 투덜대는
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
192. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?192) 193. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 흐름상 관계없는 것은?193)
The common accounts of human nature that float Life is what physicists might call a ‘high-dimensional
around in society are generally a mixture of system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that
assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness. there’s a lot going on. In just a single cell, the
However, psychology is different. It is the branch of number of possible interactions between different
science that is devoted to understanding people: how molecules is enormous. Such a system can only hope
and why we act as we do; why we see things as we to be stable if only a smaller number of collective
do; and how we interact with one another. (A) The ways of being may emerge. (A) For example, it is only
key word here is ‘science.’ (B) Psychologists don’t a limited number of tissues and body shapes that
depend on opinions and hearsay, or the generally may result from the development of a human
accepted views of society at the time, or even the embryo. (B) In 1942, the biologist Conrad Waddington
considered opinions of deep thinkers. (C) Instead, they called this drastic narrowing of outcomes canalization.
look for evidence, to make sure that psychological (C) He also identified a mechanism called genetic
ideas are firmly based, and not just derived from assimilation which allows certain acquired
generally held beliefs or assumptions. (D) They work characteristic to become heritable. (D) The organism
with organizations to apply findings from may switch between a small number of well-defined
psychological research to improve the health of possible states, but can’t exist in random states in
employees. (E) In addition to this evidence-based between them, rather as a ball in a rough landscape
approach, psychology deals with fundamental must roll to the bottom of one valley or another. (E)
processes and principles that generate our rich We’ll see that this is true also of health and disease:
cultural and social diversity, as well as those shared there are many causes of illness, but their
by all human beings. These are what modern manifestations at the physiological and symptomatic
psychology is all about. levels are often strikingly similar.
*embryo: 배아 **physiological: 생리적인
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
(A) But we have not yet received any notification 유형 C ┃10월 20번┃
from your department. A delay in the process can
carry considerable consequences related to the 196. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?196)
school’s budgetary constraints and schedule. For many of us, making time for exercise is a
(B) Our school needs additional spaces to provide a continuing challenge.
fully functional Art and Library Media Center to
serve our students in a more meaningful way. We (A) That’s where the beauty of integrating
submitted all required documentation for funding mini-exercises into household chores comes into
to your department in April 2024. play. Let’s be realistic; chores are inevitable.
(C) Therefore, in order to proceed with our project, Whether it’s washing dishes or taking out the
we request you notify us of the review result trash, these tasks are an essential part of daily
regarding the submitted documentation. I look life. But rather than viewing chores as purely
forward to hearing from you. obligatory activities, why not seize these moments
as opportunities for physical activity?
Respectfully, (B) For instance, practice squats or engage in some
Clara Smith wall push-ups as you wait for your morning kettle
Principal, Fort Montgomery High School to boil. Incorporating quick exercises into your
daily chores can improve your health.
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A) (C) Between work commitments and family
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) obligations, it often feels like there’s no room in
our packed schedules for a dedicated workout.
But what if the workout came to you, right in the
midst of your daily routine?
유형 C ┃10월 19번┃
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
195. 다음 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?195) ④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
As I waited outside the locker room after a
hard-fought basketball game, the coach called out to
me, “David, walk with me.”
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
문장 삽입 유형 C ┃10월 21번┃
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
212. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞 213. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞
은 곳은?212) 은 곳은?213)
That very first impression can also be more And then he found work at a photography studio
accurate about the world than the deliberative, there.
reasoned self-narrative can be.
Douglas Kirkland, known for his highly artistic
(A) In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning portraits of Hollywood celebrities, was born in
conducted experimental tests of eyewitness testimony Toronto, Canada. (A) When he was young, he eagerly
and found evidence that a careful deliberation of awaited the weekly arrival of Life magazine and
facial features and a detailed discussion of selection discussed the photographs the magazine contained
procedures can actually be a sign of an inaccurate with his father. (B) Believing that he would have
identification. (B) It’s when people find themselves better career prospects, Kirkland moved to the United
unable to explain why they recognize the person, States after graduating from high school. (C) When
saying things like “his face just popped out at me,” Look magazine hired him at age 24, he became their
that they tend to be accurate more often. (C) second-youngest photographer ever. His photos taken
Sometimes our first, immediate, automatic reaction to of Marilyn Monroe in 1961 became iconic almost
a situation is the truest interpretation of what our instantly. (D) Kirkland spent his weeks shooting
mind is telling us. (D) In his book Blink, Malcolm day-to-day life across the United States and his
Gladwell describes a variety of studies in psychology weekends in exotic locations. (E) His photo essays
and behavioral economics that demonstrate the could run up to a dozen pages and were seen by
superior performance of relatively unconscious first more than half of all Americans.
guesses compared to logical step-by-step justifications
for a decision. (E) ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
214. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞 215. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞
은 곳은?214) 은 곳은?215)
Technological metaphors, on the other hand, are All that needs to be transmitted is which button to
active (and often imposing) in the sense that they push — essentially how to interact with technologies
are realized in digital artifacts that are actively rather than how they work.
doing things, forcefully changing a user’s meaning
horizon. Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing
our limitations in information, time, and cognitive
Digital technologies are essentially related to capacity. (A) As we lack the resources to compute
metaphors, but digital metaphors are different from answers independently, we distribute the computation
linguistic ones in important ways. (A) Linguistic across the population and solve the answer slowly,
metaphors are passive, in the sense that the audience generation by generation. (B) Then all we have to do
needs to choose to actively enter the world proposed is socially learn the right answers. You don’t need to
by metaphor. (B) In the Shakespearean metaphor understand how your computer or toilet works; you
“time is a beggar,” the audience is unlikely to just need to be able to use the interface and flush.
understand the metaphor without cognitive effort and (C) And so instead of holding more information than
without further engaging Shakespeare’s prose. (C) we have mental capacity for and indeed need to
Technological creators cannot generally afford to know, we could dedicate our large brains to a small
require their potential audience to wonder how the piece of a giant calculation. (D) We understand things
metaphor works; normally the selling point is that the well enough to benefit from them, but all the while
usefulness of the technology is obvious at first we are making small calculations that contribute to a
glance. (D) Shakespeare, on the other hand, is larger whole. We are just doing our part in a larger
beloved in part because the meaning of his works is computation for our societies’ collective brains. (E)
not immediately obvious and requires some thought
on the part of the audience. (E) ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
216. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞 217. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞
은 곳은?216) 은 곳은?217)
Actually, what they saw at first was a flounder. They buy the middle item, unaware that they have
been manipulated by the presence of the
The best defence most species of octopus have is higher-priced item.
to stay hidden as much as possible and do their own
hunting at night. (A) So to find one in full view in When I worked for a large electronics company that
the shallows in daylight was a surprise for two manufactured laser and ink-jet printers, I soon
Australian underwater photographers. (B) It was only discovered why there are often three versions of
when they looked again that they saw a many consumer goods. (A) If the manufacturer makes
medium-sized octopus, with all eight of its arms only one version of its product, people who bought
folded and its two eyes staring upwards to create the it might have been willing to spend more money, so
illusion. (C) An octopus has a big brain, excellent the company is losing some income. (B) If the
eyesight and the ability to change colour and pattern, company offers two versions, one with more features
and this one was using these assets to turn itself into and more expensive than the other, people will
a completely different creature. (D) Many more of this compare the two models and still buy the less
species have been found since then, and there are expensive one. (C) But if the company introduces a
now photographs of octopuses that could be said to third model with even more features and more
be transforming into sea snakes. (E) And while they expensive than the other two, sales of the second
mimic, they hunt — producing the spectacle of, say, a model go up; many people like the features of the
flounder suddenly developing an octopodian arm, most expensive model, but not the price. (D) The
sticking it down a hole and grabbing whatever’s middle item has more features than the least
hiding there. expensive one, and it is less expensive than the
*flounder: 넙치 **mimic: 모방하다 fanciest model. (E)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
218. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞 219. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞
은 곳은?218) 은 곳은?219)
But when the temperature rises by three or four And, crucially, they are meant to make that
more degrees, hardly anyone will be able to feel motivation feel like it is coming from within.
isolated from its impacts.
As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on
On-screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look, how well we navigated relationships in a group. If the
but the scope of the world’s climate transformation group valued us, we could count on support,
may just as quickly eliminate the climate-fiction genre resources, and probably a mate. (A) If it didn’t, we
— indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story of might get none of these merits. It was a matter of
warming, which could grow too large and too survival, physically and genetically. (B) Over millions of
obvious even for Hollywood. (A) You can tell stories years, the pressure selected for people who are
‘about’ climate change while it still seems a marginal sensitive to and skilled at maximizing their standing.
feature of human life. (B) And so as climate change The result was the development of a tendency to
expands across the horizon, it may cease to be a unconsciously monitor how other people in our
story. (C) Why watch or read climate fiction about community perceive us. (C) We process that
the world you can see plainly out your own window? information in the form of self-esteem and such
(D) At the moment, stories illustrating global warming related emotions as pride, shame, or insecurity. These
can still offer an escapist pleasure, even if that emotions compel us to do more of what makes our
pleasure often comes in the form of horror. (E) But community value us and less of what doesn’t. (D) If
when we can no longer pretend that climate suffering we realized, on a conscious level, that we were
is distant — in time or in place — we will stop responding to social pressure, our performance might
pretending about it and start pretending within it. come off as grudging or cynical, making it less
persuasive. (E)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) *grudging: 투덜대는
- 82 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
220. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞 221. 다음 글의 (A)~(E) 중, 주어진 문장이 들어갈 알맞
은 곳은?220) 은 곳은?221)
In other words, depression causes a decrease in In this case, his mother would be better adopting a
brain substances such as serotonin and different strategy.
noradrenaline, not a decrease in brain substances
causes depression. Punishing a child may not be effective due to what
Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls
Conventional medicine has long believed that ‘trick-punishments.’ A trick-punishment is a scolding, a
depression is caused by an imbalance of moment of anger or a punishment in the most
neurotransmitters in the brain. (A) However, there is a classic sense of the word. Instead of discouraging the
major problem with this explanation. This is because child from doing something, it encourages them to
the imbalance of substances in the brain is a do it. (A) For example, Hugh learns that when he hits
consequence of depression, not its cause. (B) In this his little brother, his mother scolds him. (B) For a
revised cause-and-effect, the key is to reframe child who feels lonely, being scolded is much better
depression as a problem of consciousness. (C) Our than feeling invisible, so he will continue to hit his
consciousness is a more fundamental entity that goes brother. (C) For instance, she could congratulate Hugh
beyond the functioning of the brain. The brain is no when he has not hit his brother for a certain length
more than an organ of consciousness. (D) If it is not of time. (D) The mother clearly cannot allow the child
consciousness itself, then the root cause of to hit his little brother, but instead of constantly
depression is also a distortion of our state of pointing out the negatives, she can choose to reward
consciousness: a consciousness that has lost its sense the positives. (E) In this way, any parent can avoid
of self and the meaning of life. (E) Such a disease of trick-punishments.
consciousness may manifest itself in the form of
depression. ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
*neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질
**manifest: (명백히) 나타내다
- 83 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
- 84 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
224. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 225. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?224) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?225)
When we see something, we naturally and In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted
automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found
concepts that we have learned through education. We evidence that a careful deliberation of facial features
recode what we see through the lens of everything and a detailed discussion of selection procedures can
we know. We reconstruct memories rather than actually be a sign of an inaccurate identification. It’s
retrieving the video from memory. This is a useful when people find themselves unable to explain why
trait. It’s a more efficient way to store information — they recognize the person, saying things like “his face
a bit like an optimal image compression algorithm just popped out at me,” that they tend to be
such as JPG, rather than storing a raw bitmap image accurate more often. Sometimes our first, immediate,
file. People who lack this ability and remember automatic reaction to a situation is the truest
everything in perfect detail struggle to generalize, interpretation of what our mind is telling us. That
learn, and make connections between what they have very first impression can also be more accurate about
learned. But representing the world as abstract ideas the world than the deliberative, reasoned
and features comes at a cost of seeing the world as self-narrative can be. In his book Blink, Malcolm
it is. Instead, we see the world through our Gladwell describes a variety of studies in psychology
assumptions, motivations, and past experiences. The and behavioral economics that demonstrate the
discovery that our memories are reconstructed superior performance of relatively unconscious first
through abstract representations rather than played guesses compared to logical step-by-step justifications
back like a movie completely undermined the legal for a decision.
primacy of eyewitness testimony. Seeing is not ê
believing. David Dunning‘s research on eyewitness testimony
*retrieve: 상기하다 **primacy: 우위성 showed that careful consideration and discussion
ê
can lead to (A)________________ identification than
Although our ability to reconstruct what we see
intuitive judgements, which is supported by
based on our knowledge is (A)___________________, it
Malcolm Gladwell’s studies on the (B)________________
can distort reality, which (B)___________________ the
of unconscious first guesses in decision-making.
reliability of eyewitness accounts.
(A) (B)
(A) (B) ① more accurate inferiority
① inefficient weakens
② less accurate complexity
② helpful enhances
③ less inaccurate inadequacy
③ beneficial confirms ④ more inaccurate superiority
④ useful diminishes
⑤ more consistent competence
⑤ detrimental supports
- 85 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
226. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 227. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?226) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?227)
Many forms of research lead naturally to The evolution of AI is often associated with the
quantitative data. A study of happiness might concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point
measure the number of times someone smiles during at which AI exceeds human intelligence. After that
an interaction, and a study of memory might measure point, it is predicted that AI will repeatedly improve
the number of items an individual can recall after itself and evolve at an accelerated pace. When AI
one, five, and ten minutes. Asking people how many becomes self-aware and pursues its own goals, it will
times in a year they are sad will also yield be a conscious being, not just a machine. AI and
quantitative data, but it might not be reliable. human consciousness will then begin to evolve
Respondents’ recollections may be inaccurate, and together. Our consciousness will evolve to new
their definitions of ‘sad’ could vary widely. But asking dimensions through our interactions with AI, which
“How many times in the past year were you sad will provide us with intellectual stimulation and inspire
enough to call in sick to work?” prompts a concrete new insights and creativity. Conversely, our
answer. Similarly, instead of asking people to rate consciousness also has a significant impact on the
how bad a procrastinator they are, ask, “How many evolution of AI. The direction of AI’s evolution will
of your utility bills are you currently late in paying, depend greatly on what values and ethics we
even though you can afford to pay them?” Questions incorporate into AI. We need to see our relationship
that seek concrete responses help make abstract with AI as a mutual coexistence of conscious beings,
concepts clearer and ensure consistency from one recognizing its rights and supporting the evolution of
study to the next. its consciousness.
*procrastinator: 미루는 사람 ê
ê When AI (A)_________________ human intelligence, it
Various research methods produce quantitative will evolve fast and become self-aware, and AI and
data, but abstract questions can (A)________________ humans will evolve together while influencing each
the reliability of data, so it is important to make other as conscious beings, so we humans need to
concepts clear and guarantee consistency by asking consider it as a coexisting partner, (B)_________________
questions that require (B)________________ responses. its rights and assisting the evolution of its
consciousness.
(A) (B)
① verify vague (A) (B)
② impair specific ① beats denying
③ reduce general ② excels ignoring
④ improve detailed ③ surpasses acknowledging
⑤ increase concrete ④ loses to admitting
⑤ falls behind appreciating
- 86 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
228. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 229. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?228) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?229)
How much we suffer relates to how we frame the On-screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look,
pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push but the scope of the world’s climate transformation
themselves into extreme pain to win a race — their may just as quickly eliminate the climate-fiction genre
muscles screaming and their lungs exploding with — indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story of
oxygen deficit, they don’t psychologically suffer much. warming, which could grow too large and too
In fact, ultra-marathon runners — those people who obvious even for Hollywood. You can tell stories
are crazy enough to push themselves beyond the ‘about’ climate change while it still seems a marginal
normal boundaries of human endurance, covering feature of human life. But when the temperature rises
distances of 50 - 100km or more over many hours, by three or four more degrees, hardly anyone will be
talk about making friends with their pain. When a able to feel isolated from its impacts. And so as
patient has paid for some form of passive back pain climate change expands across the horizon, it may
therapy and the practitioner pushes deeply into a cease to be a story. Why watch or read climate
painful part of a patient’s back to mobilise it, the fiction about the world you can see plainly out your
patient calls that good pain if he or she believes this own window? At the moment, stories illustrating
type of deep pressure treatment will be of value, global warming can still offer an escapist pleasure,
even though the practitioner is pushing right into the even if that pleasure often comes in the form of
patient’s sore tissues. horror. But when we can no longer pretend that
ê climate suffering is distant — in time or in place — we
How much we suffer depends on how we (A)_______ will stop pretending about it and start pretending
pain, so 1500m runners, ultra-marathon runners, or within it.
patients undergoing deep pressure therapy, don’t ê
suffer much (B)_______ despite the physical pain. While climate change still seems like a(n) (A)________
feature of human life, stories about it are made
and people can enjoy it even if it comes in the
(A) (B)
form of terror, but when it expands to the point
① ease emotionally
where it can be seen more (B)________, stories
② cause instantly
related to it will not be created or consumed.
③ relieve directly
④ think of immediately
(A) (B)
⑤ consider mentally
① minor joyfully
② trivial plainly
③ primary reasonably
④ essential clearly
⑤ insignificant rationally
- 87 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
230. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 231. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?230) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?231)
Conventional medicine has long believed that The common accounts of human nature that float
depression is caused by an imbalance of around in society are generally a mixture of
neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness.
major problem with this explanation. This is because However, psychology is different. It is the branch of
the imbalance of substances in the brain is a science that is devoted to understanding people: how
consequence of depression, not its cause. In other and why we act as we do; why we see things as we
words, depression causes a decrease in brain do; and how we interact with one another. The key
substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not a word here is ‘science.’ Psychologists don’t depend on
decrease in brain substances causes depression. In opinions and hearsay, or the generally accepted views
this revised cause-and-effect, the key is to reframe of society at the time, or even the considered
depression as a problem of consciousness. Our opinions of deep thinkers. Instead, they look for
consciousness is a more fundamental entity that goes evidence, to make sure that psychological ideas are
beyond the functioning of the brain. The brain is no firmly based, and not just derived from generally held
more than an organ of consciousness. If it is not beliefs or assumptions. In addition to this
consciousness itself, then the root cause of evidence-based approach, psychology deals with
depression is also a distortion of our state of fundamental processes and principles that generate
consciousness: a consciousness that has lost its sense our rich cultural and social diversity, as well as those
of self and the meaning of life. Such a disease of shared by all human beings. These are what modern
consciousness may manifest itself in the form of psychology is all about.
depression. ê
*neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 Contrary to the common accounts, psychology is
**manifest: (명백히) 나타내다 the field of science used for (A)_____________ human
ê
nature, and takes its ideas from (B)_____________, not
Contrary to the traditional medicine's belief, the
from assumptions or hearsay.
imbalance of substances in the brain is (A)__________
of depression, and in fact, depression comes from
(A) (B)
the (B)__________ of consciousness, which is an
① comprehending evidence
elementary being that surpasses the functioning of ② damaging philosophy
the brain. ③ contaminating rumors
④ destroying evidence
(A) (B) ⑤ grasping rumors
① a result excellence
② the root abnormality
③ an effect distortion
④ the origin superiority
⑤ the repercussion development
- 88 -
예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
232. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에 233. 다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A), (B)에
들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?232) 들어갈 말로 알맞게 연결된 것은?233)
Life is what physicists might call a ‘high-dimensional From an early age, we assign purpose to objects
system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that and events, preferring this reasoning to random
there’s a lot going on. In just a single cell, the chance. Children assume, for instance, that pointy
number of possible interactions between different rocks are that way because they don’t want you to
molecules is enormous. Such a system can only hope sit on them. When we encounter something, we first
to be stable if only a smaller number of collective need to determine what sort of thing it is. Inanimate
ways of being may emerge. For example, it is only a objects and plants generally do not move and can be
limited number of tissues and body shapes that may evaluated from physics alone. However, by attributing
result from the development of a human embryo. In intention to animals and even objects, we are able to
1942, the biologist Conrad Waddington called this make fast decisions about the likely behaviour of that
drastic narrowing of outcomes canalization. The being. This was essential in our hunter-gatherer days
organism may switch between a small number of to avoid being eaten by predators.
well-defined possible states, but can’t exist in random The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point
states in between them, rather as a ball in a rough that survival in our evolutionary past meant that we
landscape must roll to the bottom of one valley or interpret ambiguous objects as agents with human
another. We’ll see that this is true also of health and mental characteristics, as those are the mental
disease: there are many causes of illness, but their processes which we understand. Ambiguous events
manifestations at the physiological and symptomatic are caused by such agents. This results in a
levels are often strikingly similar. perceptual system strongly biased towards
*embryo: 배아 **physiological: 생리적인 anthropomorphism. Therefore, we tend to assume
ê intention even where there is none. This would have
Life is a(n) (A)_____________ system which can be arisen as a survival mechanism. If a lion is about to
stabilized when numerous molecule interactions lead attack you, you need to react quickly, given its
to a limited number of outcomes, and this probable intention to kill you. By the time you have
phenomenon is known as canalization, which also realized that the design of its teeth and claws could
applies to the (B)_____________ in physiological kill you, you are dead. So, assuming intent, without
detailed design analysis or understanding of the
symptoms resulting from various causes of illness.
physics, has saved your life.
*ambiguous: 모호한 **anthropomorphism: 의인화
(A) (B) ê
① straightforward similarity Since our hunter-gatherer days, thinking that
② complex analogy
animals and objects (A)_____________ intention has
③ simple diversity
enabled us to make a fast response to predators
④ complicated distinctiveness
and (B)_____________ our life.
⑤ intricate difference
(A) (B)
① lack guarded
② have threatened
③ want endangered
④ possess protected
⑤ abandon risked
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예상문제 독해형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 C
유형 C ┃10월 43~45번┃
(A) (B)
① special far away from him
② normal from unforeseen places
③ distinctive quite near him
④ commonplace at projected places
⑤ extraordinary in the distance
- 90 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
유형 순서 <조건>
주관식 서술형
⦁현재 완료시제를 사용할 것
(영작, 배열, 고쳐 쓰기 등) ⦁<보기>에 주어진 단어 및 표현을 사용할 것(필요시
â
변형할 것)
대의 파악 · 요약문 완성
⦁축약형을 쓰지 않고, 각 빈칸에 한 단어씩 쓸 것
*원문에 따라 일부 유형은 출제에서 제외될 수 있습니다.
- 91 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
ⓑ ______________________ → ______________________
- 92 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
ⓑ ______________________ → ______________________
- 93 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
- 94 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
ⓑ ______________________ → ______________________
- 95 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
- 96 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
253. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에 255. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ, ⓑ에서 어법상 어색한 부분을
알맞게 영작하시오.253) 두 군데씩 찾아서 고친 후, 전체를 다시 쓰시오.255)
<조건> ⓐ _______________________________________________________
⦁‘전치사+관계대명사’를 사용할 것 _______________________________________________________
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용할 것 (필요시 변형
할 것) ⓑ _______________________________________________________
- 97 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
he eagerly ______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________ with his father
- 98 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
260. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에 ______________ a user’s meaning horizon.
알맞게 영작하시오.260)
<조건>
⦁명사절 접속사 that을 사용할 것
⦁분사구를 사용할 것
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 차례대로 사용할 것 (필요 263. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (C)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에
시 변형할 것) 알맞게 영작하시오.263)
ⓑ ______________________ → ______________________
ⓒ ______________________ → ______________________
- 99 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
- 100 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
- 101 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
- 102 -
예상문제 서술형 고1
2024년 10월 경기도 교육청 학력평가 예상문제
유형 D
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예상문제 서술형 고1
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283. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말을 주어진 <조건>에 286. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (C)의 우리말을 다음과 같이 쓸 때,
알맞게 영작하시오.283) 주어진 <조건>에 알맞게 문장을 완성하시오.286)
<조건> <조건>
⦁to부정사를 사용할 것 ⦁관계대명사 what을 두 번 사용할 것
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용할 것 (필요시 변형할 것) ⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용할 것 (필요시 변형할 것)
⦁14단어로 영작할 것 ⦁빈칸 앞에 주어진 어구를 제외하고 17단어로 영작할 것
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<조건>
(1)_______________________________________________________
⦁관계대명사 what과 which를 각각 한 번씩 사용할 것
____________________________________ if only _____________
⦁명사절 접속사 that을 사용할 것
⦁유도부사 there를 사용할 것 __________________________________________________________.
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용할 것 (필요시 변형할 것)
⦁22단어로 영작할 것
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Instead of ______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.
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299. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말을 다음과 같이 쓸 때, 302. 윗글의 빈칸 (C)에 들어갈 말이 되도록 <보기>의
주어진 <조건>에 알맞게 문장을 완성하시오.299) 단어 및 표현을 알맞게 배열하시오.302)
<조건> anthropomorphism / strongly biased /
보기
⦁분사구문을 사용할 것 results in / towards / a perceptual system
⦁<보기>의 단어 및 표현을 사용할 것 (중복 사용 가
능하며 필요시 변형할 것)
⦁각 빈칸에 한 단어씩 쓸 것
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According to David Dunning’s tests of eyewitness Asking __________ and clear questions is needed to
testimony, in recognizing the person, the __________ produce __________ data with a high level of reliability
impression of facial features as immediate and and to secure __________ between successive studies.
automatic response can be more __________ than the
description of logical and deliberative judgement.
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become _____________ and is distributed unequally, crucial for survival, humans have developed an
leaving billions of people without access to safe inclination to unconsciously monitor how others
drinking water and adequate _____________. _____________ them, and process the information in
the form of various _____________, which guide us to
do what makes our community value us while
making us feel internally motivated, although we
are in fact driven by social _____________.
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(3) ________________________
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ⓐ 주어 David Dunning에 이어진 과거형 동사 며, 의미상 주어인 we가 AI의 권리를 ‘인정하는’
conducted와 접속사 and로 병렬 구조를 이루고 주체이고 뒤에 목적어 its rights가 이어지고 있
있는 과거형 동사 found는 적절하다. 으므로 능동의 의미인 현재분사 recognizing이
ⓑ 접속사 when이 이끄는 부사절 내에서 완전한 적절하다.
절(people find ~ the person)에 접속사 없이 콤 15) ③: (A) 주어 Australia’s electricity generation에 대한
마로 연결되어 있으므로 분사구문을 이루어야 하 동사 자리이며 주어가 단수명사구이므로, 단수동
며, 분사구문의 의미상 주어인 people이 ‘말하는’ 사로 수일치 시킨 comes가 적절하다.
주체이므로 능동의 의미를 나타내는 현재분사 (B) 콤마(,) 뒤에 쓰였으며, 뒤로 주어가 없는 불
saying은 적절하다. 완전한 절(is not true for renewables)이 이어져,
ⓒ 전치사 of의 목적어 자리에서 ‘~한 것’이라는 앞 절의 내용을 부연 설명하는 관계사절을 이루
의미로 telling의 직접목적어가 없는 불완전한 절 고 있으므로, 계속적 용법의 주격 관계대명사
(our mind is telling us)을 이끌어 명사절을 이루 which가 적절하다.
므로, 선행사를 포함해 ‘~한 것’이라는 의미를 갖 (C) 앞의 명사구 Australia and the U.K.를 수식
는 관계대명사 what은 적절하다. 하여 전치사 of의 목적어인 명사구를 이루어야
ⓓ 비교 접속사 than이 이끄는 절의 동사 자리로, 하므로 분사 자리이고, 수식을 받는 Australia
be accurate about the world에서 반복되는 어구 and the U.K.가 ‘합쳐지는’ 대상이므로 수동의 의
accurate about the world가 생략되고 남은 be는 미인 과거분사 combined가 적절하다.
적절하다. 16) ②, ④
10) ① 17) ④: controversial → iconic
11) ②: ⓐ 뒤에 동사구 will ~ yield가 있으므로 주어 역할 18) ③: were taken → taken 또는 which[that] were taken
을 할 수 있는 동명사구를 이루는 동명사 Asking (뒤에 동사 became이 있으며, 두 개의 동사(구)
이 적절하다. 가 접속사 없이 연결될 수 없으므로 주어 His
ⓑ 이어지는 to부정사와 함께 ’형용사+enough+to photos와 동사 became 사이에 주어를 수식하는
부정사(~하기에 충분히 …한)의 구문을 이루는 형 분사구나 관계사절이 와야 한다. 수식을 받는
용사와 enough 자리로, enough가 부사로 쓰여 His photos는 ‘찍힌’ 대상이므로 수동의 의미인
형용사를 수식할 때 형용사 뒤에 위치해야 하므 과거분사 taken으로 고치거나 were 앞에 적절한
로 sad enough가 적절하다. 관계대명사를 추가하여 which[that] were taken
ⓒ 전치사 of의 목적어로 쓰인 asking의 목적어 으로 고쳐야 한다.)
인 people에 이어져 ‘ask+목적어+목적격보어(… *(C)는 원래 지문에서 taken이었음
가 ~하도록 요청하다)’의 5형식 구문을 이루는 (A) 주어 Douglas Kirkland에 대한 동사 자리이
목적격보어 자리이며, ask는 목적격보어로 to부 며, ‘태어나다’라는 뜻은 be born으로 나타내므로
정사를 취하는 동사이므로, to rate가 적절하다. be동사의 과거형을 사용하여 was born으로 쓴
12) ③ 것은 적절하다. 참고로, 주어 뒤에 주어를 부연
13) ⑤: preventing → supporting 설명하는 분사구가 이중쉼표로 삽입되어 있다.
14) ②: (A) 완전한 절(AI ~ intelligence)을 이끌어 선행 (B) 접속사 없이 콤마(,) 뒤에 완전한 절(Kirkland
사인 the point를 수식하는 관계사절을 이루어 ~ studio)이 이어지고 있으므로 분사구문을 이끄
야 하므로 ‘전치사+관계대명사’인 at which가 적 는 분사 자리이며, 분사구문의 의미상 주어인
절하다. Kirkland가 ‘믿는‘ 주체이므로, 능동의 의미를 나
(B) 콤마(,) 뒤에서 주어가 없는 불완전한 절(will 타내는 현재분사 Believing은 적절하다.
provide ~ creativity)을 이끌어, 앞 절의 내용을 (D) 동사 spent와 시간을 나타내는 명사구 his
부연 설명하는 관계사절을 이루고 있으므로, 계 weeks에 이어져 「spend+시간+-ing(~하는 데 시
속적 용법의 관계대명사 which가 적절하다. that 간을 보내다)」의 구조를 이루는 shooting은 적절
은 계속적 용법의 관계대명사로 사용할 수 없다. 하다.
(C) 동사(need)가 있는 완전한 절(We ~ beings) (E) 과거형 조동사 could가 쓰인 앞의 동사구에
에 접속사 없이 콤마(,)로만 또 다른 동사(구)가 등위접속사 and로 병렬 연결되는 동사 자리이며,
이어질 수 없고 등위접속사 and로 분사구문인 주어인 His photo essays가 전체 미국인들 중 절
‘supporting ~ consciousness’가 병렬 연결되므 반이 넘는 사람들에 의해 ’보여진‘ 대상이므로 수
로 분사구문을 이루는 분사의 형태가 되어야 하 동태(be동사+p.p.)인 were seen은 적절하다.
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19) ②: requires → is required (주어인 단수명사구 Full 여기에 접속사 없이 다른 동사가 연결될 수 없으
payment가 ’요구되는‘ 것이므로 능동태인 requires 므로 준동사의 형태가 되어야 한다. 흐름상 앞의
를 수동태(be동사+p.p.)인 is required로 고쳐야 명사구 the world를 수식하는 분사구가 이어져야
한다.) 하며, 수식을 받는 the world는 은유에 의해 ‘제
ⓐ 완전한 절(you will ~ furry friends)을 이끌어 시된’ 대상이므로 수동의 의미를 나타내는 과거
선행사 an exciting pet food cooking class를 수 분사 proposed는 적절하다.
식하는 관계사절을 이루고 있으므로 관계부사 ⓑ 전치사는 명사(구) 또는 동명사(구)를 목적어
where는 적절하다. 로 취하며 뒤에 목적어인 명사구 Shakespeare’s
ⓒ all은 복수명사(구)와 함께 쓰여 ‘모든 ~’이라 prose가 이어지고 있으므로 동명사구를 이루는
는 뜻을 나타내므로 복수명사 ingredients 앞에 engaging은 적절하다.
all을 사용한 것은 적절하다. ⓓ require와 목적어 their potential audience에
ⓓ 주어인 no pets가 ‘허용되는’ 대상이므로 수 이어지는 목적격보어 자리에 쓰여, ‘~에게 …하라
동태(be동사+p.p.)의 형태가 되어야 하며, 주어가 고 요구[요청]하다’라는 뜻의 ‘require+목적어+목
‘no+명사’일 때 동사는 no 뒤의 명사에 수를 일 적격보어(to부정사)’의 5형식 구조를 이루는 to부
치시키므로 복수명사인 pets에 수 일치시킨 복 정사 to wonder는 적절하다.
수동사 are를 사용하여 are allowed로 쓴 것은 ⓔ 완전한 절(the usefulness ~ glance)을 이끌어
적절하다. be동사 is의 보어 역할을 하는 명사절을 이루는
ⓔ 뒤에 부사구(at ~ class)만 이어지고 있으므로 명사절 접속사 that은 적절하다.
주어 없이 동사원형으로 시작하는 명령문을 이 24) ④
루는 동사원형 cancel은 적절하다. 25) ⑤: what → that[which] (주어가 없는 불완전한 절
20) ④ (contribute to a larger whole)을 이끌어, 선행사
21) ②: be received → receive (주어인 Top 3 teams가 인 명사구 small calculations를 수식하는 관계사
200달러 상품권을 ‘받는’ 주체이며 뒤에 목적어 절을 이루어야 하므로 선행사를 포함하는 관계
로 명사구 a $200 gift certificate가 이어지므로 대명사인 what을 주격 관계대명사 that 또는
능동태가 되어야 한다. 따라서 조동사 will 뒤의 which로 고쳐야 한다.)
수동태 be received를 능동태 동사원형 receive *ⓔ는 원래 지문에서 that이었음
로 고쳐야 한다.) ⓐ 앞의 명사구 the resources를 수식하는 형용
ⓐ 명사 time을 수식하며, 앞에 쓰인 ’for+목적 사적 용법의 to부정사구를 이루는 to compute
격(your dance team)‘을 의미상 주어로 취하는 는 적절하다.
형용사적 용법의 to부정사 to show는 적절하다. ⓑ 주어가 ‘all+관계사절’의 형태이고 관계사절에
ⓒ 앞의 명사구 the chance를 수식하는 형용사 일반동사 do가 쓰인 경우, 주격 보어 자리에 to
적 용법의 to부정사 to visit은 적절하다. 부정사에서 to를 생략한 형태인 원형부정사를
ⓓ ’숫자+단위명사‘를 형용사가 수식할 때 ’숫자+ 사용할 수 있다. 따라서 주어 ‘all we have to
단위명사+형용사‘의 어순으로 써야 하므로 4 do’에 대한 주격 보어 자리에 원형부정사 learn
minutes 뒤에 형용사인 long를 쓴 것은 적절하다. 을 쓴 것은 적절하다.
ⓔ 뒤에 목적어인 the video와 두 개의 부사구 ⓒ need는 목적어로 to부정사를 취하는 동사이며
가 이어지고 있으므로, 주어 없이 동사원형으로 의미상 주어인 All은 ‘전달되는’ 것이므로 needs
시작하는 명령문(~해라)을 이루는 동사원형 의 목적어 자리에 to부정사의 수동태(to be p.p.)
Submit은 적절하다. 인 to be transmitted를 쓴 것은 적절하다.
22) ⑤ ⓓ 부사 well과 enough에 이어져, ‘~할 만큼 충
23) ③: changed → changing (동사(are)가 있는 완전한 절 분히 …하게/…한’이라는 뜻을 나타내는 「부사/형
(they ~ things)에 접속사 없이 콤마(,)로만 또 다 용사+enough+to부정사」 구문을 이루는 to부정
른 동사(구)가 이어질 수 없으므로 분사구문을 이 사 자리이므로 to benefit은 적절하다.
루는 분사 형태가 되어야 한다. 뒤에 목적어로 a 26) ③
user’s meaning horizon이 이어지고 있으며 의미 27) ⑤: grab → grabbing (전치사 of의 목적어로 쓰인
상 주어인 they(=technological metaphors)가 의 동명사 developing, sticking과 접속사 and로 병
미의 지평을 ‘바꾸는’ 것이므로 changed를 능동 렬 구조를 이루고 있으므로 grab을 동명사
의 의미인 현재분사 changing으로 고쳐야 한다.) grabbing으로 고쳐야 한다. 참고로 a flounder는
ⓐ that이 이끄는 절의 동사로 needs가 있으며 동명사의 의미상주어이다.)
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(A) 관계사절(most species of octopus have)의 이라는 뜻으로 비교급을 강조하는 부사인 even,
수식을 받는 주어 The best defence와 동사 is still, far, much 등으로 고쳐야 한다.)
뒤의 주격 보어 자리로, 명사적 용법의 to부정사 *지문에는 even이 쓰였음
to stay는 적절하다. ⓐ 완전한 절(there ~ goods)을 이끌어 과거형 동
(B) 목적어가 없는 불완전한 절(they saw at 사 discovered의 목적어 역할을 하는 관계사절을
first)을 이끌어 문장의 주어 역할을 하는 명사절 이루는 관계부사 why(~하는 이유)는 적절하며,
을 이루어야 하므로, 선행사를 포함하는 관계대 앞에 선행사 the reason이 생략되었다. 참고로,
명사 What은 적절하다. 동사 discovered의 목적어로 평서문 어순으로 된
(C) 전치사 with와 명사구 all eight of its arms 절(there are often ~ goods)을 이끌어 간접의문
에 이어져 ‘with+명사+분사(~가 …한 채로[…하 문을 이루는 의문사 why로도 볼 수 있다.
면서])’의 구문을 이루는 분사 자리로, all eight ⓑ 주어가 없는 불완전한 절(bought it)을 이끌어
of its arms가 ‘접혀진’ 대상이므로 과거분사 사람 선행사 people을 수식하는 관계사절을 이루
folded는 적절하다. 는 주격 관계대명사 who는 적절하다.
(D) 주어 Many more of this species(이 종의 ⓒ 회사가 제공하는 두 버전(two versions)에 대한
더 많은 것들)이 ‘발견된’ 대상이며, 부사구 부연 설명으로, 둘 중에 하나를 one으로 나타냈으므
since then과 함께 그 때부터 현재까지 발견되 로 나머지 하나를 나타내는 the other는 적절하다.
어오고 있음을 나타내는 현재완료 수동태(have ⓔ 완전한 절에 접속사 없이 콤마로 연결된 분사
been p.p.)를 주어의 핵인 복수명사구 Many 구문을 이끄는 자리로, 분사구문에서 being은 생
more에 수일치하여 쓰인 have been found는 략 가능하므로 ‘being unaware that ~’에서 앞에
적절하다. being이 생략된 unaware는 적절하다.
28) ③: wasting → using 32) ①
29) ③: talking → talk (주어부(those people who ~ endurance) 33) ③: illustrate → illustrating (문장의 동사로 can (still)
와 부대상황을 나타내기 위해 이중 콤마로 삽입 offer가 있으므로 준동사 자리이며, 뒤의 명사구
된 분사구문(covering distances ~ hours)에 이어 global warming을 목적어로 취해 ‘묘사하는[묘사하
지는 동사 자리이므로, talking을 주어인 복수명사 고 있는]’이라는 의미로 주어 stories를 수식하는 분
those people에 수일치한 복수동사 talk으로 고쳐 사구를 이루어야 하므로, 동사 illustrate를 능동을
야 한다.) 나타내는 현재분사 illustrating으로 고쳐야 한다.)
ⓐ 문장의 동사 자리로, 주어가 의문사절 How ⓐ 콤마(,) 뒤에서 주어가 없는 불완전한 절
much we suffer이며, 절은 단수 취급하므로 단수 (could ~ Hollywood)을 이끌어 선행사인 앞 절
동사 relates는 적절하다. 참고로 자동사 relate는 을 부연 설명하는 관계사절을 이루므로 계속적
전치사 to와 함께 쓰여 relate to가 ‘~와 관련되 용법의 주격 관계대명사 which는 적절하다.
다’라는 뜻을 나타낸다. ⓑ ‘~할 때’라는 의미의 부사절 접속사로 쓰인
ⓑ 주어인 1500m runners가 스스로를 밀어붙이 as가 이끄는 절의 주어 climate change에 대한
는 것으로 주어와 목적어가 일치하고 있으므로, 동사 자리이다. 시간 부사절에서는 미래의 일을
복수명사 1500m runners에 상응하는 3인칭 복수 현재시제로 표현하며, expand는 ‘확장되다’라는
형 재귀대명사 themselves는 적절하다. 의미의 자동사로 쓸 수 있고, 주어가 단수이므
ⓓ 접속사 When이 이끄는 부사절 내에서 접속사 로, 단수동사로 수일치 시킨 현재시제 동사
and로 연결된, 완전한 절로 이루어진 두 번째 절 expands는 적절하다.
(the practitioner pushes deeply into ~ back) 뒤 ⓓ 부사절(when ~ place —)의 동사 pretend의
에서 목적을 나타내는 부사적 용법으로 쓰인 to 목적어 자리에서 완전한 절(climate ~ place —)
부정사 to mobilise는 적절하다. 을 이끌고 있으므로 명사절 접속사 that은 적절
ⓔ be동사 보어 자리로, 전치사 of가 추상명사와 하다.
함께 쓰이면 형용사 역할을 하므로 of에 추상명사 ⓔ 조동사 will에 이어진 동사원형 stop과 등위
value(가치)가 이어져 ‘가치 있는’이라는 뜻을 나 접속사 and로 병렬 연결되므로 동사원형 start
타내는 of value는 적절하다. 는 적절하다.
30) ② 34) ③: continue → cease
31) ④: very → even[still, far, much] (명사 features를 수 35) ⑤: leaves → leaving (완전한 절(the selective ~
식하는 비교급 형용사 more를 수식하는 자리이 inequities)에 접속사 없이 콤마(,)로만 동사(구)
므로, 원급 형용사를 수식하는 부사 very를 ‘훨씬’ 가 이어질 수 없으므로 분사구문을 이루는 분사
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의 형태가 되어야 한다. 뒤에 목적어인 명사구 을 이루므로, 선행사를 포함한 관계대명사 what
와 전치사구가 이어져, ‘leave+목적어+전치사구 을 주격 관계대명사 that 또는 which로 고쳐야
(~를 …한 채로 두다)’의 구문을 이루고 있으므 한다.)
로, 동사 leaves를 능동을 나타내는 현재분사인 *ⓓ는 원래 지문에서 that이었음
leaving으로 고쳐야 한다.) ⓐ 주어 Conventional medicine이 과거부터 현재
ⓐ ‘바로잡을’이라는 의미로 명사구 our capacity 까지 ‘오랫동안 믿어 온’ 것이며, 뒤에 목적어로
를 수식하는 형용사적 용법의 to부정사 to fix는 that절(that ~ brain)이 이어지므로, 현재완료 능
적절하다. 동태(have[has]+p.p.)에서 단수 주어에 수일치 시
ⓑ 주어 it이 ‘괴로움을 주는[고통스럽게 하는]’ 킨 단수 조동사 has를 쓰고, 과거분사 believed
것이므로, 보어로 능동 의미의 현재분사형 형용 앞에 부사 long을 쓴 has long believed는 적절
사 distressing을 쓴 것은 적절하다. 하다.
ⓒ 유도부사 There 뒤에 ‘be동사+주어’의 어순 ⓑ 해당 문장이 일반적 사실을 나타내며, 주어
으로 도치되어 쓰인 be동사 자리로, 주어가 no depression이 ‘유발하는’ 것이고 뒤에 목적어로
의 수식을 받는 단수명사 need이므로 단수동사 명사구(a decrease)가 이어지므로, 단수인 주어
로 수일치 시킨 is는 적절하다. 에 수일치 시킨 현재시제 능동태 동사 causes는
ⓓ 동사구 aren‘t doing much 뒤에 ’다루기[해 적절하다.
결하기] 위해‘라는 의미로 이어지므로, 목적을 ⓒ is의 보어 자리에 쓰인 명사적 용법의 to부정
나타내는 부사적 용법의 to부정사 to address는 사 to reframe은 적절하다.
적절하다. ⓔ such는 명사(구)를 수식하는 한정사이며,
36) ④ ‘such+a(n)+(형용사)+명사’의 어순으로 쓰이므로,
37) ②: wasn’t → didn’t (흐름상 일반동사 value를 포함 Such 뒤에 관사 a와 명사 disease가 차례로 쓰
한 동사구 value us가 뒤에 생략되어 있으므로, 인 Such a disease는 적절하다.
wasn’t를 didn’t로 고쳐야 한다.) 40) ④: found → lost
ⓐ how well 이하는 전치사 on의 목적어 자리에 41) ②: belief → science
쓰인 간접의문문이므로 의문사구 how well에 이 42) ④: dealing → deals (psychology를 주어로 하는 문
어 ‘주어+동사~’의 평서문 어순으로 쓴 we 장의 본동사 자리이므로, dealing을 단수 주어에
navigated는 적절하다. 수일치 시킨 단수동사 deals로 고쳐야 한다. 참
ⓒ 명사구 a tendency를 수식하는 형용사적 용 고로, 일반적인 사실을 나타내는 문장이므로 현
법의 to부정사구를 이루므로 to에 이어지는 동사 재시제를 쓴다.)
원형 monitor는 적절하다. 참고로, to와 동사원 (A) 관계사절(that ~ society)의 수식을 받는 주
형 monitor 사이에 부사 unconsciously가 쓰여 어(The common accounts of human nature)에
부사의 동사 수식을 명확히 하는 분리부정사의 대한 동사 자리이며, 주어의 핵심이 복수명사
형태를 이루고 있다. accounts이므로, 복수동사로 수일치 시킨 are는
ⓓ compel은 목적격보어로 to부정사를 취해 ‘~ 적절하다.
가 …하게 만들다, ~가 …하도록 강요하다’라는 (B) ‘~에 전념하다’라는 뜻의 ‘be devoted to+명
뜻의 5형식 구문 ‘compel+목적어+목적격보어(동 사(구)/동명사(구)’ 구문에서 전치사 to의 목적어
사원형)’를 이룰 수 있으므로, compel의 목적어 자리에 온 동명사 understanding은 적절하다.
us에 이어지는 목적격보어로 to부정사인 to do (C) make sure에 이어지며 뒤에 완전한 절
는 적절하다. (psychological ~ assumptions)이 이어지므로
ⓔ 완전한 절(our performance ~ cynical)에 접 ‘make sure+that+완전한 절(~하다는 것을 확실
속사 없이 콤마(,)로만 이어지므로 분사구문을 이 히 하다, 반드시 ~하도록 하다)’ 구문을 이루는
루는 분사 자리이며, 분사구문의 의미상 주어인 접속사 that은 적절하다.
our performance가 ‘만드는’ 것이고 뒤에 목적어 (E) 전치사 about의 목적어가 없는 불완전한 절
로 대명사 it이 있으므로 능동을 나타내는 현재 (modern psychology is all about)을 이끌어 are
분사 making은 적절하다. 의 보어 역할을 하는 명사절을 이루므로, 선행사
38) ②: unskilled → skilled 를 포함해 ‘~한 것’의 의미를 가지는 관계대명사
39) ④: what → that[which] (주어가 없는 불완전한 절 what은 적절하다.
(goes ~ brain)을 이끌어 선행사인 명사구 a 43) ②: are → is (주어(the number of ~ different
more fundamental entity를 수식하는 관계사절 molecules)의 핵심인 the number가 단수명사구
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이므로 단수동사로 수일치 시켜야 한다. 따라서 is를 이끌어 간접의문문을 이루는 의문형용사
복수동사 are를 단수동사 is로 고쳐야 한다.) what은 적절하다.
ⓐ 콤마(,) 뒤에서 주어가 없는 불완전한 절(is (C) 주어인 Ambiguous events(모호한 사건들)가
~ on)을 이끌어 선행사 a ‘high-dimensional ‘초래되는’ 대상이므로 수동태(be동사+p.p.)로 쓰
system’을 부연 설명하는 관계사절을 이루므로, 인 are caused는 적절하다.
계속적 용법의 관계대명사 which는 적절하다. (D) 문장의 동사 자리로, 주어 This(우리가 의도가
ⓒ 주어 only a limited number of tissues and 없는 곳에서도 의도를 가정하는 경향이 있는 것)
body shapes를 강조하는 ‘it ~ that … (…한 것 가 ‘발생하는’ 주체이며 arise는 자동사이므로, ‘~
은 바로 ~이다)’ 구문을 이루는 that은 적절하다. 했을 것이다’라는 뜻의 과거에 대한 추측을 나타
ⓓ 완전한 절(this is ~ disease)을 이끌어 타동 내는 ‘would have p.p.’ 표현을 사용한 would
사로 쓰인 see의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절을 have arisen은 적절하다.
이루므로, 명사절 접속사 that은 적절하다. 49) ③: ate → eating (완전한 절(The little panda ~ bush)
ⓔ 주어가 전치사구(at ~ levels)의 수식을 받는 뒤에 접속사 없이 콤마(,)로 연결되어 있으므로
복수명사구 their manifestations이므로, 복수동 분사구문을 이끄는 분사 자리이며, 주절의 주어
사로 수일치 시킨 are는 적절하다. The little panda는 ‘먹는’ 주체이므로, ate를 능동
44) ③: broadening → narrowing 의 의미를 나타내는 현재분사 eating으로 고쳐야
45) ⑤: ignore → reward 한다. 참고로 부사 greedily는 현재분사 eating을
46) ⑤: (A) ‘call+목적어+목적격보어(~를 …라고 부르다)’ 수식하고 있다.)
의 5형식에서 calls의 목적어가 없는 불완전한 (A) 완전한 절(His two big ears ~ white) 뒤에서
절(Álvaro Bilbao, ~ ‘trick-punishments’)을 이끌 접속사 없이 콤마로 이어지고 있으므로 분사구문
어, 전치사 due to의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절 을 이루어야 하며, 이때 의미상 주어인 앞 절의
을 이루어야 하므로, 선행사를 포함해 ‘~한 것’의 내용이 ‘~한 상태가 되게 하는‘ 주체이므로 능동
의미를 가지는 관계대명사 what이 적절하다. 의 의미를 가진 현재분사 leaving은 적절하다.
(B) 동사 encourages의 목적어 them에 이어지는 (B) 완전한 절(the little panda ~ home) 앞에서
목적격보어 자리로, ‘encourage+목적어+목적격 접속사 없이 콤마로 연결되어 있는 분사구문으로,
보어(~가 …하도록 장려하다)’의 5형식 구문을 이 주절의 주어인 the little panda가 ‘실망스러운’ 감
룰 때 encourage는 목적격보어로 to부정사를 취 정을 느끼는 대상이므로 앞에 Being이 생략된 과
하므로, encourages의 목적격보어 자리에 to부정 거분사형 형용사 Disappointed는 적절하다.
사인 to do가 적절하다. (D) 주어가 없는 불완전한 절(tempted ~ all its
(C) 형용사의 비교급 better를 수식하는 자리이 blossoms)을 이끌어, 명사구 a strange black
므로 ‘훨씬’이라는 뜻의 비교급을 강조하는 부사 and red flower with a sweet scent를 선행사로
much가 적절하다. 참고로, very는 원급을 수식하 하는 관계사절을 이루어야 하므로 주격 관계대명
는 부사로 비교급을 수식할 수 없다. 사 that은 적절하다.
47) ②: unable → able (E) and 뒤에 반복되는 his once white fur was
가 생략되었으며, glow(빛나다)는 자동사이므로
48) ⑤: have saved → has saved (주어인 동명사구 ‘assuming
능동의 의미를 가진 현재분사 glowing이 쓰여,
intent’에 이어지는 문장의 동사 자리로, 동명사구
생략된 was와 함께 과거진행형을 이루는 것은
주어는 단수취급 하므로, 과거부터 현재까지 구
적절하다.
해왔음을 나타내는 현재완료 have saved를 단수
조동사 has를 사용한 has saved로 고쳐야 한다. 50) ⑤
참고로, 동명사구 주어(assuming intent)와 문장
의 동사(has saved) 사이에 전치사구 ‘without ~ 유형 B
the physics’가 이중콤마로 삽입되어 있다.)
51) ①: 흐름상 어색한 것은 총 1개이다.
(A) want의 목적어 you에 이어져 ‘want+목적어+
ⓑ less meaningful → more meaningful
목적격보어(~가 …하기를 원하다)’의 5형식을 이
52) ⑤: 요구, 제안, 주장, 요청 등을 나타내는 동사의 목
루는 목적격보어 자리이며, want는 목적격보어로
적어로 당위성(~해야 한다)을 지니는 내용의 명
to부정사를 취하므로 to sit은 적절하다.
사절이 올 때, 명사절의 동사는 ‘should+동사원
(B) determine의 목적어 자리로, 뒤에 나온 sort
형’ 또는 should가 생략된 ‘동사원형’을 쓴다. 따
of thing과 의문사구를 이루며 평서문 어순인 it
라서 요청을 나타내는 동사 request의 목적어절
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로 쓰였으며, 당위의 내용을 지니고 있는 that절 ⓔ 앞의 명사구 The discovery ~ movie를 주어로
에서, 동사로 should가 생략된 notify가 쓰인 것은 하고 뒤에 이어지는 명사구 the legal primacy of
적절하며, should notify로도 바꿔 쓸 수 있다. eyewitness testimony를 목적어로 취하는 동사 자
[지문 변형] (E) request → request that 리이므로 능동태로 쓰인 과거형 동사 undermined
53) ②, ③ 는 적절하다. 참고로, that은 완전한 절을 이끌어
: (B) was called out → called out (주어인 the 명사구 The discovery의 내용을 구체적으로 설명
coach가 ‘크게 부른’ 주체이므로 수동태인 was 하는 동격절을 이루는 동격의 접속사이다.
called out을 능동태인 called out으로 고쳐야 한다.) 58) ③, ④
(C) important something → something important : (C) exhausting → efficient
(-thing으로 끝나는 부정대명사는 형용사가 뒤에서 (D) tend → struggle
수식하므로, important something을 something 59) ⑤
important로 고쳐야 한다.) 60) ⑤: 선행사는 전치사구 in psychology and behavioral
(A) ‘~할 때’의 뜻으로, 뒤로 완전한 절(I waited ~ economics의 수식을 받는 복수명사구 a variety
game)을 이끌어 시간의 부사절을 이루는 접속사 of studies이다.
As는 적절하다. 61) ②: 흐름상 어색한 것은 총 2개이다.
(D) 동사 want는 목적어로 to부정사를 취하며 ‘I ⓓ coincide → vary
had always wanted to be’는 선행사 the leader를 [지문 변형] ⓓ는 원래 지문에서 vary widely였음
수식하는 관계사절로, the leader가 to be의 의미 ⓕ more confusing → clearer
상 보어 역할을 하므로, 과거형 동사 wanted의 목
62) ②: 어법상 어색한 것은 총 2개이다.
적어로 보어를 생략한 채 쓴 to be는 적절하다.
(C) prompt → prompts (문장의 동사 자리로, 주
(E) 완전한 절(you are ~ it)을 이끌어 think의 목
어는 동명사구 asking “How many times ~ to
적어절을 이루는 명사절 접속사 that은 적절하다.
work?”이며, 동명사구 주어는 단수 취급하므로 복
*(E) that은 원래 지문에서 생략되어 있음
수 동사 prompt를 단수 동사 prompts로 고쳐야
54) ②: 흐름상 어색한 것은 총 2개이다. 한다.)
ⓑ anxiety → anticipation (D) asking → ask (부사구 ‘instead of asking ~
ⓔ calm → falling apart they are,’와 연결된 주절로, 주절의 동사가 없으
55) ③, ⑤ 므로 주어 you가 생략되어 동사원형으로 시작하
: ⓒ avoidable → inevitable 는 명령문이 되어야 한다. 따라서 asking을 동사
ⓔ hinder → improve 원형 ask로 고쳐야 한다.)
56) ③: 양보의 부사절 접속사로 쓰인 Whether는 If로 바 (A) 전치사 of의 목적어인 ‘~때’라는 뜻의 시간을
꿔 쓸 수 없다. 나타내는 선행사 times를 수식하는 관계사절 자
57) ③, ④ 리로, 주어 someone에 자동사 smile이 쓰여 완
: ⓒ remembering → remember (선행사 People을 전한 절을 이루고 있으며, 관계부사가 이끄는 관
수식하는 관계사절을 이루는 주격 관계대명사 계사절에서 times와 같이 일반적인 시간을 나타
who에 이어진 동사 lack과 등위접속사 and로 병 내는 선행사 뒤의 관계부사는 생략할 수 있으므
렬 구조를 이루어야 하므로 remembering을 remember 로 관계부사 when이 생략된 관계사절 someone
로 고쳐야 한다.) smiles는 적절하다.
ⓓ represent → representing (뒤에 동사 comes가 (B) Asking의 직접목적어 자리에 쓰인 간접의문
이어지고 있으므로 문장의 주어인 동명사구를 이 문의 주어와 동사 자리로, 간접의문문은 ‘의문사
루도록 represent를 동명사 representing으로 고쳐 +주어+동사’의 어순을 취하므로 의문사구 how
야 한다.) many times in a year 뒤에서 ‘주어+동사’의 순
ⓐ 목적어가 없는 불완전한 절(we have learned through 서로 쓰인 they are는 적절하다.
educations)을 이끌어, 선행사 concepts를 수식하 (E) ’afford+to부정사‘가 ’~할 여유가 되다‘라는
는 관계사절을 이루는 목적격 관계대명사 that은 뜻으로 쓰이므로 afford 뒤에 쓰인 to부정사 to
적절하다. pay는 적절하다.
ⓑ 전치사 rather than의 목적어 자리로, 목적어 (F) ‘help+동사원형(~하는 것을 돕다)’ 구문의 동
the video가 이어지고 있으므로 능동형 동명사 사원형 자리의 make와 등위접속사 and로 병렬
retrieving은 절하다. 구조를 이루는 동사원형 ensure는 적절하다.
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[지문 변형] (A) navigated → dealt with 를 …라고 부르다)’의 5형식을 이루므로, 수동태
83) ④: 어법상 어색한 것은 총 4개이다. was called를 능동태인 called로 고쳐야 한다. 참
ⓐ what → that (완전한 절(depression ~ brain) 고로, 과거 시간 표현인 In 1942와 함께 과거시
을 이끌어 동사 has believed의 목적어 역할을 제가 쓰였다.)
하는 명사절을 이루므로, what을 명사절 접속사 ⓕ is → are (유도부사 there에 의해 ‘be동사+주
that으로 고쳐야 한다.) 어‘의 어순으로 도치된 be동사 자리로, 복수명사
ⓑ because of → because (명사(구)가 아닌 완 구인 주어 many causes of illness에 수일치 시
전한 절(the imbalance ~ cause)을 이끌고 있으 켜야 하므로 단수동사 is를 복수동사 are로 고쳐
므로, 구전치사 because of를 접속사 because로 야 한다.)
고쳐야 한다.) ⓐ ‘call+목적어+목적격보어(~를 …라고 부르다)’
ⓔ has been lost → has lost (주격 관계대명사 의 5형식에서 call의 목적어가 없는 불완전한 절
that이 이끄는 절의 동사 자리로, 선행사 a (physicists ~ system’)을 이끌어, 동사 is의 보어
consciousness가 ‘잃은’ 것이며 뒤에 목적어로 명 역할을 하는 명사절을 이루므로, 선행사를 포함
사구(its ~ life)가 이어지므로, 현재 완료 수동태 해 ‘~한 것’의 의미를 가지는 관계대명사 what은
인 has been lost를 현재 완료 능동태인 has 적절하다.
lost로 고쳐야 한다.) ⓑ 완전한 절(there’s ~ on)을 이끌어 동명사
ⓕ it → itself (may manifest의 목적어이며, 주어 saying의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절을 이루므로
(Such ~ consciousness)와 동일한 대상을 나타내 명사절 접속사 that은 적절하다.
므로 it을 재귀 용법의 재귀대명사 itself로 고쳐 ⓔ 명사구 one valley와 등위접속사 or로 병렬
야 한다.) 연결되어 있으며, ‘또 다른 계곡(another valley)’
ⓒ 주격 관계대명사 that이 이끄는 절의 동사 자 을 가리켜 쓰인 대명사 another는 적절하다.
리이며 선행사에 수를 일치시켜야 하므로, 단수 88) ②, ⑤
인 선행사(a ~ entity)에 수일치 시킨 단수동사 : (B) small → enormous
goes는 적절하다. (E) diverse → similar
ⓓ 명사 consciousness를 강조하는 강조 용법의 89) ②: 흐름상 어색한 것은 총 2개이다.
재귀대명사 itself는 적절하다. ⓐ ineffective → effective
84) ②, ④ ⓓ abandoning → adopting
: (B) results from → results in[causes] 90) ⑤: hit → to hit (allow의 목적격보어 자리에 쓰여
*(B)는 원래 지문에서 causes였음 ‘~가 …하도록 허락하다’라는 뜻의 5형식 구문
(D) improvement → distortion ‘allow+목적어+목적격보어(to부정사)’를 이루어
[지문 변형] (A) an imbalance → a disproportion 야 하므로 hit을 hitting이 아니라 to부정사인 to
85) ③, ⑤ hit으로 고쳐야 한다.)
: (C) pass over → depend on (A) 구전치사 due to의 목적어 자리에서 동사
(E) experience-based → evidence-based calls의 목적어가 없는 불완전한 절(Álvaro
[지문 변형] Bilbao ~ ‘trick-punishments’)을 이끌어 명사절
(B) devoted → dedicated 을 이루어야 하므로 that을 선행사를 포함해 ‘~
(D) make sure → ensure 한 것’이라는 의미를 갖는 관계대명사 what으로
86) ③: they는 psychologists(심리학자들)를 가리킨다. 고치는 것은 적절하다.
87) ④: ⓒ is → to be (동사구 can only hope에 접속사 (B) 구전치사 Instead of의 목적어 자리에서 the
없이 또 다른 동사(구)가 이어질 수 없으므로 앞 child ~ something과 함께 명사 상당어구를 이
의 동사구에 이어지는 목적어 자리이며, hope는 루어야 하므로, discourage를 동명사 discouraging
동사로 쓰일 때 목적어로 to부정사를 취하므로, 으로 고치는 것은 적절하다.
is를 to부정사인 to be로 고쳐야 한다.) (C) 뒤로 완전한 절(when he hits ~ him)을 이
ⓓ was called → called (주어 the biologist 끌어 동사 learns의 목적어인 명사절을 이루어야
Conrad Waddington이 ‘불렀던’ 주체이며 뒤에 하므로 which를 명사절 접속사 that으로 고치는
목적어로 명사구 this drastic narrowing of 것은 적절하다.
outcomes와 목적격보어에 해당하는 명사 (D) 선행사 a child를 수식하는 관계사절의 동사
canalization이 이어져 ‘call+목적어+목적격보어(~ 자리로, 주격 관계대명사가 이끄는 절의 동사는
선행사에 수일치하므로 feel을 단수명사구인 a
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107) ③: 많은 소비 상품의 세 가지 버전이 종종 있는 이유 110) ④: 우리가 집단 내에서 관계를 다루는 능력은 신체적,
는 회사가 두 버전을 제공하는데 한 버전이 나 유전적 생존의 문제와 연관되어 있었기에 수백
머지보다 더 많은 기능과 더 비싼 가격을 가질 만 년에 걸쳐 우리에게서는 공동체의 다른 사람
경우, 사람들은 두 모델을 비교하고 덜 비싼 것 들이 우리를 어떻게 인식하는지 무의식적으로
을 사지만, 나머지 두 개보다 훨씬 더 많은 기 관찰하는 경향이 발달했고 우리는 자존감, 자존
능과 더 비싼 가격을 가진 세 번째 모델을 출시 심, 수치심, 불안 같은 감정의 형태로 그 정보를
하면 많은 사람이 가장 비싼 모델의 기능을 좋 처리하여 공동체가 우리를 가치 있게 여기게 만
아하면서도 그 가격은 좋아하지 않기 때문에 두 드는 것을 하며 그것이 우리의 내적 동기에 의
번째 모델의 판매가 증가하기 때문이라는 내용 한 것이라고 느끼지만 사실 그것은 사회적 압력
이므로, ③ ‘제조업체가 제품의 세 가지 버전을 에 의한 것이라는 내용이므로, ④ ‘공동체에 의
자주 출시하는 이유’가 글의 주제로 알맞다. 해 인정받기 위한 우리의 노력은 우리 내면의
① 전자제품 구매 시 소비자의 우선 사항들 동기에 대한 반응이 아니라 사회적 압력에 대한
② 전자제품 판매를 늘리기 위한 제조업체의 전략 반응이다.’가 글의 요지로 알맞다.
④ 다양한 버전의 제품에서 자신에게 맞는 것을 ① 집단 내 관계를 다루는 능력이 우리가 성공
구매하기 위한 조언 할지 못 할지를 결정한다.
⑤ 업그레이드된 버전의 제품을 출시할 때 기업 ② 집단에서 우리의 순위를 극대화하고자 하는
이 고려하는 요소 우리의 욕망은 매우 오랜 기간에 걸친 진화의
108) ⑤: 기후 변화가 여전히 인간 삶의 주변적인 특징처럼 결과다.
보이는 동안에는 그것에 관한 이야기가 만들어 ③ 자존감과 자존심, 수치심, 불안감과 같은 관
지고 사람들은 설령 그것이 공포의 형태로 올 련된 감정은 사회적 관계를 기반으로 형성된다.
지라도 즐길 수 있지만, 기후 변화가 확장되어 ⑤ 우리가 공동체에서 우리에 대한 다른 사람들
더 이상 멀리 느껴지지 않는 현실이 되면 그에 의 평가에 신경 쓰고 그들이 우리를 소중히 여
관한 영화 장르는 사라지고 사람들도 그것과 기게 만드는 일을 하게 하는 것은 무의식적인
관련된 가상의 이야기를 보거나 읽지 않을 것 본능이다.
이라는 내용이므로, ⑤ ‘기후 변화가 누구나 쉽 111) ③: 전통적인 의학에서는 뇌 속 물질의 불균형이
게 볼 수 있는 현실이 될 때 기후 픽션 장르는 우울증의 원인이라고 믿어 왔지만, 그것은 우
사라질 것이다.’가 글의 요지로 알맞다. 울증의 결과이며 우울증은 뇌의 기능을 넘어서
① 아무도 기후 재앙에서 벗어날 수 없다. 는 더 근본적인 실체인 의식의 왜곡, 즉 자아
② 기후 재난은 가상의 영화 이야기가 아니라 감과 삶의 의미를 상실한 의식 상태가 근본 원
임박한 현실이다. 인이라는 내용이므로, ③ ‘왜곡된 의식이 우울
③ 지구 온난화를 포함한 재난 영화는 현실 도 증을 유발한다’가 글의 제목으로 알맞다.
피적 즐거움을 제공한다. ① 우울증이 당신의 뇌에 미치는 영향
④ 기후 위기를 해결할 시간이 아직 남아 있을 ② 우울증에 관여하는 신경 전달 물질
때 이에 대처하기 위한 현실적인 조치가 취해 ④ 우울증에 대한 전통적인 의학의 관점
져야 한다. ⑤ 우울증의 모든 것: 원인, 증상 및 치료
109) ③: 오늘날, 물 위기는 피할 수 없는 것이 아니며 우리의 112) ④: 심리학은 일반적인 설명과는 달리 증거 기반 접
해결 능력을 넘어서는 것도 아님에도 불구하고 근법을 통해 사람들을 이해하려는 학문이며 특
정부의 소홀함, 무관심, 열악한 사회 기반 시설 히 현대 심리학은 우리의 풍부한 문화적 사회
과 부주의한 도시화로 물이 부족하게 되었으며, 적 다양성 발생의 근본적인 과정과 원리를 다
그러한 선택적 부족이 전 세계적으로 21억 명을 룬다는 내용의 글이다. 따라서 글의 제목으로
안전한 식수가 없고 45억 명을 적절한 위생이 ④ ‘심리학의 정의와 심리학이 다루는 내용’이
없는 채로 둔다는 내용이므로, ③ ‘오늘날 우리 가장 적절하다.
가 겪고 있는 물 위기의 원인과 영향’이 글의 ① 인간 본성의 순수한 복잡성
주제로 알맞다. ② 왜 심리학자들은 증거에 사로잡혀 있는가?
① 물 부족을 해결하기 위한 정부의 조치 ③ 인간 본성을 완전히 분석하는 것이 얼마나
② 물 위기 해결을 위한 국제 협력의 필요성 어려운지
④ 미국과 브라질의 수자원 보유량과 손실 비교 ⑤ 증거 기반 접근법을 취하는 것의 문제점
⑤ 세계적 불평등과 물을 포함한 천연자원에 대 113) ⑤: 물리학자들이 ‘고차원 시스템’이라고 부를 수 있는
한 접근성 사이의 관계 생명은 분자 간 상호 작용의 수가 매우 커서 불
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듣지만 계속해서 남동생을 때린다는 구체적인 모방한 결과가 아니라 자신만의 방법으로 모습
예가 이어지므로, 빈칸에는 ‘예를 들면’이라는 이 바뀐 것이므로 빈칸에는 ① ‘남들을 모방하
뜻의 예시의 접속 부사구 For example이나 For 기’가 가장 적절하다.
instance가 알맞다. ② 친구를 사귀기
(B) 트릭 처벌처럼 부정적 측면을 계속 지적하 ③ 유행을 따르기
는 대신에 긍정적 측면을 보상할 것을 선택하 ④ 차이를 무시하기
라는 충고의 내용 다음에, 그런 충고를 따를 경 ⑤ 의도를 숨기기
우에 트릭 처벌의 문제점을 피할 수 있을 것이 [지문 변형] 빈칸은 원래 ‘imitating others’였음.
라는 결과가 나오므로, 빈칸에는 ‘이렇게’라는 160) ④: Fort Montgomery 고등학교의 교장이 주 교육
뜻의 앞서 언급한 방식대로 행해지거나 일어날 부에 건축 프로젝트를 위한 주 예산과 관련하
경우를 의미하는 In this manner 또는 In this 여 편지를 쓴다고 했으며, 프로젝트를 진행하기
way가 알맞다. 위해 제출한 서류의 검토 결과를 통지해 달라
① 다른 관점에서 그러나 는 내용이 언급되므로, 해당 부서로 예산에 필
③ 게다가 이런 이유 때문에 요한 모든 서류를 제출했음에도 불구하고, 검토
④ 예를 들면 그렇지 않으면 결과를 듣지 못했다는 흐름이 적절하다. 따라서
⑤ 게다가 이렇게 빈칸에는 ④ ‘저희는 아직 귀하의 부서로부터
158) ④: (A) 다음 문장에서 빈칸이 있는 문장의 예시로 어떠한 통지도 받지 못했습니다’가 알맞다
뾰족한 돌이 그렇게 생긴 것은 그 위에 앉기를 ① 저희는 대대적인 수정을 제안하는 피드백을
원치 않기 때문이라며 사물의 존재 이유에 대 받았습니다
한 설명이 이어지므로, 따라서 빈칸에는 grant ② 교육 위원회가 그 프로젝트를 연기하기로
intention(의도를 부여하다) 또는 assign purpose 결정했습니다
(목적을 부여하다)가 가장 적절하다. ③ 저희가 예산을 확보할 수 없을 것이라는 통
(B) 진화상 과거에서 생존하기 위해 모호한 사 보를 받았습니다
물을 인간의 정신적 특성을 가진 행위자로 해 ⑤ 건축의 안정성 평가에서 떨어졌습니다
석하는, 즉 의도를 부여했고, 이는 생존 메커니 161) ④: David의 심장이 기대감으로 빠르게 뛰었다는 내
즘으로 발생해 왔을 것이며, 사자의 예를 들면 용이 바로 뒤에 이어지며, 그를 집으로 보내야
서 죽이려는 사자의 가능한 의도를 늦게 깨닫 만 한다는 코치의 결정을 듣고 내면이 산산이
는다면 이미 죽은 몸이라고 언급하고 있다. 따 무너졌다고 했으므로, 빈칸에는 ④ ‘내가 항상
라서 빈칸에는 ‘당신이 살아남도록 도움을 주어 되기를 원했던 리더인 팀의 주장으로 나를 뽑
왔다’는 뜻의 has helped you survive 또는 ‘당 다’가 들어가야 알맞다.
신의 목숨을 구해 왔다’는 뜻의 has saved ① 팀에서의 내 입지가 불분명하다는 것을 밝히다
your life가 가장 적절하다. ② 이번 경기에서의 내 수행에 대한 피드백을
① (A) 보살핌을 제공하다 주다
(B) 당신의 목숨을 위태롭게 해 왔다 ③ 나의 노력이 부족함을 비판하고 내가 팀을
② (A) 힘을 부여하다 김빠지게 했다고 말하다
(B) 당신을 위험에 빠뜨려 왔다 ⑤ 내가 다음 경기에 더 많은 노력을 쏟지 않으
③ (A) 의도를 부여하다 면 팀에서 잘릴 것이라고 알리다
(B) 죽음에 이르게 해 왔다 162) ④: 집안일을 순전히 의무적인 행위가 아닌, 신체 활동
⑤ (A) 우선권을 주다 을 위한 기회로 잘 이용하라는 내용이 뒤에 언
(B) 당신의 목숨을 구해 왔다 급되므로, 일상 속에서 운동을 할 수 있는 방법
159) ①: 빈칸은 독특해지고 싶었던 작은 판다가 소원을 으로서, 운동을 집안일과 병행하는 것을 제안하
성취하기 위한 방법으로 실행했던 내용이 나와 는 흐름이 적절하다. 따라서 빈칸에는 ④ ‘간단
야 한다. 작은 판다가 사촌으로부터 영감을 찾 한 운동을 집안일에 통합시키는 것’이 알맞다.
으려 했지만 그가 그것을 좋아하지 않는다는 ① 퇴근 후 정기적으로 헬스장 시간을 계획하는 것
것에 실망했으며, 그리고 집으로 오는 길에 만 ② 운동을 가족 간의 유대 활동으로 바꾸는 것
난 공작새가 언급한 방법을 따라해 보았지만 ③ 집안일의 일부를 맡아줄 도우미를 고용하는 것
실패했으며, 자신이 가장 좋아하는 대나무에서 ⑤ 짧고 강도 높은 근력 운동에 중점을 두는 것
발견한 꽃을 먹은 후에 모습이 바뀌었고 이에 163) ③: 우리는 우리가 배운 것을 바탕으로 우리가 보는
매우 기뻐했다고 했으므로, 판다는 다른 사람을 것을 재부호화하여 기억에서 영상을 생각해 내
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259) Believing that he would have better career prospects, 277) any effort to tell the story of warming, which
moved to the United States, found work at a could grow too large
photography studio 278) (1) ⓒ: be
260) in the sense that the audience needs to choose (2) ⓔ: illustrating
to actively enter the world proposed by metaphor 279) (1) we can no longer pretend that climate suffering
261) ⓐ engage → engaging is distant
ⓑ what → that (2) we will stop pretending about it and start
ⓒ require → requires pretending within it
262) are active, in the sense that they are realized in 280) (1) ⓐ: to fix
digital artifacts that are actively doing things, (2) ⓑ: distressing
forcefully changing (3) ⓒ: they deliver
263) Technological creators cannot generally afford to 281) There is no need for a water crisis, we have one,
require their potential audience to wonder how aren’t doing much to address it
the metaphor works 282) highlights have-and-have-not inequities, leaving 2.1
264) all we have to do is socially learn the right answers billion people without safe drinking water and
265) ⓐ You don’t need to understand how your computer 4.5 billion without proper sanitation
or toilet works 283) our ability to thrive depended on how well we
ⓑ All that needs to be transmitted is which navigated relationships in a group
button to push 284) (1) ⓒ: to make
266) instead of holding more information than we have (2) ⓓ: that
mental capacity for and indeed need to know (3) ⓔ: making
267) We understand things well enough to benefit from 285) a tendency to unconsciously monitor how other
them, we are making small calculations that contribute people in our community perceive us
to a larger whole 286) compel us to do more of what makes our community
268) (1) ⓐ: do 또는 to do value us and less of what doesn’t
*ⓓ는 원래 지문에서 do였음 287) has long believed that depression is caused by
(2) ⓑ: was an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain
269) was using these assets to turn itself into a completely 288) (1) ⓒ: causes
different creature (2) ⓓ: to reframe[reframing]
270) was only when they looked again that they saw *ⓓ는 원래 지문에서 to reframe이었음
a medium-sized octopus, all eight of its arms folded, (3) ⓔ: is
its two eyes staring upwards, create the illusion 289) (B) that goes beyond the functioning of the brain
271) (1) ⓐ: we suffer (C) that[which] has lost its sense of self and the
(2) ⓔ: calls meaning of life
272) those people who[that] are crazy enough to push *원래 지문에는 관계대명사 that이 쓰였음
themselves beyond the normal boundaries of human 290) (1) that is devoted to understanding people
endurance (2) we act as we do
273) he or she believes this type of deep pressure (3) we see things as we do
treatment will be of value (4) we interact with one another
274) (1) ⓑ: have been 291) ⓐ is → are
(2) ⓓ: go ⓑ generating → generate
[지문 변형] ⓐ that manufactured → manufacturing ⓒ which → what
275) why there are often three versions of many consumer 292) (1) to make sure that psychological ideas are firmly
goods based
276) buy the middle item, unaware that they have been (2) not just derived from
manipulated by the presence of the higher-priced 293) Life is what physicists might call a ‘high-dimensional
item system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that
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