Aptitude Engineering Mathematics Discrete Mathemat

Commonly asked
DBMS interview
questions
Last Updated : 15 Jun, 2024

1. What are the advantages of DBMS

over traditional file-based systems?

Database management systems were

developed to handle the following
difficulties of typical File-processing
systems supported by conventional
operating systems.
1. Data redundancy and inconsistency
2. Difficulty in accessing data
3. Data isolation – multiple files and
formats
4. Integrity problems
5. Atomicity of updates
6. Concurrent access by multiple users
7. Security problems

2. What are super, primary, candidate,

and foreign keys?
A super key is a set of attributes of a
relation schema upon which all attributes
of the schema are functionally dependent.
No two rows can have the same value of
super key attributes.
A Candidate key is a minimal superkey,
i.e., no proper subset of Candidate key
attributes can be a superkey.
A Primary Key is one of the candidate
keys. One of the candidate keys is
selected as most important and becomes
the primary key. There cannot be more
than one primary key in a table..
A Foreign key is a field (or collection of
fields) in one table that uniquely identifies
a row of another table.

3. What is the difference between

primary key and unique constraints?
The primary key cannot have NULL value,
the unique constraints can have NULL
values. There is only one primary key in a
table, but there can be multiple unique
constrains.

4.What is database normalization?

It is a process of analyzing the given
relation schemas based on their functional
dependencies and primary keys to achieve
the following desirable properties:
1. Minimizing Redundancy
2. Minimizing the Insertion, Deletion, And
Update Anomalies Relation schemas that
do not meet the properties are
decomposed into smaller relation schemas
that could meet desirable properties.

5. Why is the use of DBMS

recommended? Explain by listing some
of its major advantages?

Some of the major advantages of DBMS

are as follows:

Controlled Redundancy: DBMS

supports a mechanism to control the
redundancy of data inside the database
by integrating all the data into a single
database and as data is stored in only
one place, the duplicity of data does
not happen.
Data Sharing: Sharing of data among
multiple users simultaneously can also
be done in DBMS as the same
database will be shared among all the
users and by different application
programs.
Backup and Recovery
Facility: DBMS minimizes the pain of
creating the backup of data again and
again by providing a feature of ‘backup
and recovery’ which automatically
creates the data backup and restores
the data whenever required.
Enforcement of Integrity
Constraints: Integrity Constraints are
very important to be enforced on the
data so that the refined data after
putting some constraints are stored in
the database and this is followed by
DBMS.
Independence of Data: It simply
means that you can change the
structure of the data without affecting
the structure of any of the application
programs.

6. What are the differences between

DDL, DML, and DCL in SQL?
Following are some details of three :
DDL stands for Data Definition Language.
SQL queries like CREATE, ALTER, DROP,
TRUNCATE and RENAME come under
this.
DML stands for Data Manipulation
Language. SQL queries like SELECT,
INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE come
under this.
DCL stands for Data Control Language.
SQL queries like GRANT and REVOKE
come under this.

7. What is the difference between

having and where clause?
HAVING is used to specify a condition for
a group or an aggregate function used in a
select statement. The WHERE clause
selects before grouping. The HAVING
clause selects rows after grouping. Unlike
the HAVING clause, the WHERE clause
cannot contain aggregate functions. (See
this for examples). See Having vs Where
Clause? for more details

8.How to print duplicate rows in a

table?
See https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-
to-print-duplicate-rows-in-a-table/

9. What is Join?
An SQL Join is used to combine data from
two or more tables, based on a common
field between them. For example, consider
the following two tables.

Table – Student Table

EnrollNo StudentName Address

1000 geek1 geeksquiz1

1001 geek2 geeksquiz2

1002 geek3 geeksquiz3

Table – StudentCourse Table

CourseID EnrollNo

1 1000

2 1000

3 1000

1 1002

2 1003

Following is a join query that shows the

names of students enrolled in different
courseIDs.

SELECT StudentCourse.CourseID,
Student.StudentName
FROM StudentCourse
INNER JOIN Student
ON
StudentCourse.EnrollNo =
Student.EnrollNo
ORDER BY
StudentCourse.CourseID;

The above query would produce the

following result.

CourseID StudentName

1 geek1

1 geek3

2 geek1

3 geek1

9. What is Identity?
Identity (or AutoNumber) is a column that
automatically generates numeric values. A
start and increment value can be set, but
most DBA leave these at 1. A GUID
column also generates numbers; the value
of this cannot be controlled. Identity/GUID
columns do not need to be indexed.

10.What is a view in SQL? How to

create a view?
A view is a virtual table based on the
result-set of an SQL statement. We can
create it using create view syntax.

CREATE VIEW view_name AS

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition

11.What are the uses of view?

1. Views can represent a subset of the
data contained in a table; consequently, a
view can limit the degree of exposure of
the underlying tables to the outer world: a
given user may have permission to query
the view, while denied access to the rest
of the base table.
2. Views can join and simplify multiple
tables into a single virtual table.
3. Views can act as aggregated tables,
where the database engine aggregates
data (sum, average, etc.) and presents the
calculated results as part of the data.
4. Views can hide the complexity of data.
5. Views take very little space to store; the
database contains only the definition of a
view, not a copy of all the data which it
presents.
6. Depending on the SQL engine used,
views can provide extra security.

12. What is a Trigger?

A Trigger is a code associated with insert,
update or delete operations. The code is
executed automatically whenever the
associated query is executed on a table.
Triggers can be useful to maintain integrity
in the database.

13. What is a stored procedure?

A stored procedure is like a function that
contains a set of operations compiled
together. It contains a set of operations
that are commonly used in an application
to do some common database tasks.

14. What is the difference between

Trigger and Stored Procedure?
Unlike Stored Procedures, Triggers
cannot be called directly. They can only be
associated with queries.

15. What is a transaction? What are

ACID properties?
A Database Transaction is a set of
database operations that must be treated
as a whole, which means either all
operations are executed or none of
them. An example can be a bank
transaction from one account to another
account. Either both debit and credit
operations must be executed or none of
them. ACID (Atomicity, Consistency,
Isolation, Durability) is a set of properties
that guarantee that database transactions
are processed reliably.

16. What are indexes?

A database index is a data structure that
improves the speed of data retrieval
operations on a database table at the cost
of additional writes and the use of more
storage space to maintain the extra copy
of data. Data can be stored only in one
order on a disk. To support faster access
according to different values, faster search
like binary search for different values is
desired, For this purpose, indexes are
created on tables. These indexes need
extra space on the disk, but they allow
faster search according to different
frequently searched values.

17. What are clustered and non-

clustered Indexes?
Clustered indexes are the index according
to which data is physically stored on a
disk. Therefore, only one clustered index
can be created on a given database table.
Non-clustered indexes don’t define the
physical ordering of data, but logical
ordering. Typically, a tree is created whose
leaf point to disk records. B-Tree or B+
tree are used for this purpose.

18. What is Denormalization?

Denormalization is a database
optimization technique in which we add
redundant data to one or more tables.

19. What is CLAUSE in SQL?

A clause in SQL is a part of a query that

lets you filter or customize how you want
your data to be queried to you.

20. What is a Live Lock?

Livelock situation can be defined as when

two or more processes continually repeat
the same interaction in response to
changes in the other processes without
doing any useful work These processes
are not in the waiting state, and they are
running concurrently. This is different from
a deadlock because in a deadlock all
processes are in the waiting state.

21. What is QBE?

Query-by-example represents a
visual/graphical approach for accessing
information in a database through the use
of query templates called skeleton tables.
It is used by entering example values
directly into a query template to represent
what is to be achieved. QBE is used by
many database systems for personal
computers. QBE is a very powerful facility
that gives the user the capability to access
the information a user wants without the
knowledge of any programming language.
Queries in QBE are expressed by skeleton
tables. QBE has two distinct features:

QBE has the two-dimensional syntax:

Queries look like tables.

22. Why are cursors necessary

in embedded SQL?

A cursor is an object used to store the

output of a query for row-by-row
processing by the application programs.
SQL statements operate on a set of data
and return a set of data. On other hand,
host language programs operate on a row
at a time. The cursors are used to
navigate through a set of rows returned by
an embedded SQL SELECT statement. A
cursor can be compared to a pointer.

23. What is the purpose of

normalization in DBMS?

Database normalization is the process of

organizing the attributes of the database
to reduce or eliminate data redundancy
(having the same data but at different
places).

Purpose of normalization:

It is used to remove duplicate data and

database anomalies from the relational
table.

Normalization helps to reduce redundancy

and complexity by examining new data
types used in the table.

It is helpful to divide the large database

table into smaller tables and link them
using relationships.

It avoids duplicate data or no repeating

groups into a table.

It reduces the chances for anomalies to

occur in a database.

24. What is the difference between a

database schema and a database
state?

The collection of information stored in a

database at a particular moment in time is
called database state while the overall
design of the database is called the
database schema.

25. What is the purpose of SQL?

SQL stands for Structured Query

Language whose main purpose is to
interact with the relational databases in
the form of inserting, deleting and
updating/modifying the data in the
database.

26. Explain the concepts of a Primary

key and Foreign Key.

Primary Key is used to uniquely identify

the records in a database table
while Foreign Key is mainly used to link
two or more tables together, as this is a
particular field(s) in one of the database
tables which are the primary key of some
other table.

Example: There are 2 tables – Employee

and Department. Both have one common
field/column as ‘ID’ where ID is the
primary key of the Employee table while
this is the foreign key for
the Department table.

27.What are the main differences

between Primary key and Unique Key?

Given below are few differences:

The main difference between the Primary

key and the Unique key is that the Primary
key can never have a null value while the
Unique key may consist of a null value.

In each table, there can be only one

primary key while there can be more than
one unique key in a table.

28. What is the concept of sub-query in

terms of SQL?

Sub-query is basically the query that is

included inside some other query and can
also be called an inner query which is
found inside the outer query.

29. What is the use of the DROP

command and what are the differences
between DROP, TRUNCATE and
DELETE commands?

DROP command is a DDL command

which is used to drop/delete the existing
table, database, index, or view from the
database.

The major difference between DROP,

TRUNCATE and DELETE commands are:

DROP and TRUNCATE commands are

the DDL commands which are used to
delete tables from the database.

And when we make use of a DROP

command, the tables get deleted
permanently all the privileges and indexes
that are related to the table also get
deleted. This operation cannot be rolled
back and so should be used only when
necessary.

However in case of TRUNCATE, only the

data stored in a table is deleted and the
structure of the table is preserved and you
can re-insert data by the use of “INSERT
INTO clause”. It can be rolled back until
the commit has been made.

DELETE command, on the other hand, is

a DML Command which is used to delete
rows from the table and this can be rolled
back, however its considered slower than
truncate. Using the delete command, we
can delete 1 or more specific rows from
the table.

30. What is the main difference between

UNION and UNION ALL?

UNION and UNION ALL are used to join

the data from 2 or more tables but UNION
removes duplicate rows and picks the
rows which are distinct after combining the
data from the tables whereas UNION ALL
does not remove the duplicate rows, it just
picks all the data from the tables.

31. What is Correlated Subquery in

DBMS?

A Subquery is also known as a nested

query i.e. a query written inside some
query. When a Subquery is executed for
each of the rows of the outer query then it
is termed as a Correlated Subquery.

An example of Non-Correlated Subquery

is:

SELECT * from EMP WHERE ‘RIYA’

IN (SELECT Name from DEPT
WHERE EMP.EMPID=DEPT.EMPID);

Here, the inner query is not executed for

each of the rows of the outer query.

32. Explain Entity, Entity Type, and

Entity Set in DBMS?

The entity is an object, place, or thing

which has its independent existence in the
real world and about which data can be
stored in a database. For Example, any
person, book, etc.

Entity Type is a collection of entities that

have the same attributes. For
Example, the STUDENT table contains
rows in which each row is an entity holding
the attributes like name, age, and id of the
students, hence STUDENT is an Entity
Type that holds the entities having the
same attributes.

Entity Set is a collection of entities of the

same type. For Example, A collection of
the employees of a firm.

33. What are the different levels of

abstraction in the DBMS?

There are 3 levels of data abstraction in

the DBMS.

They include:

Physical Level: This is the lowest level of

the data abstraction which states how the
data is stored in the database.

Logical Level: This is the next level of the

data abstraction which states the type of
the data and the relationship among the
data that is stored in the database.

View Level: This is the highest level in the

data abstraction which shows/states only
a part of the database.

34 . What integrity rules exist in the

DBMS?

There are two major integrity rules that

exist in the DBMS.

Entity Integrity: This states a very

important rule that the value of a Primary
key can never have a NULL value.

Referential Integrity: This rule is related

to the Foreign key which states that either
the value of a Foreign key is a NULL value
or it should be the primary key of any
other relation.

35. What is E-R model in the DBMS?

E-R model is known as an Entity-

Relationship model in the DBMS which is
based on the concept of the Entities and
the relationship that exists among these
entities.

36. What is a functional dependency in

the DBMS?

This is basically a constraint that is useful

in describing the relationship among the
different attributes in a relation.

Example: If there is some relation ‘R1’

which has 2 attributes as Y and Z then the
functional dependency among these 2
attributes can be shown as Y->Z which
states that Z is functionally dependent on
Y.

37. What is 1NF in the DBMS?

1NF is known as the First Normal Form.

This is the easiest form of the

normalization process which states that
the domain of an attribute should have
only atomic values. The objective of this is
to remove the duplicate columns that are
present in the table.

38. What is 2NF in the DBMS?

2NF is the Second Normal Form.

Any table is said to have in the 2NF if it

satisfies the following 2 conditions:

A table is in the 1NF.

Each non-prime attribute of a table is said

to be functionally dependent in totality on
the primary key.

39. What is 3NF in the DBMS?

3NF is the Third Normal Form.

Any table is said to have in the 3NF if it

satisfies the following 2 conditions:

A table is in the 2NF.

Each non-prime attribute of a table is said

to be non-transitively dependent on every
key of the table.

40. What is BCNF in the DBMS?

BCNF is the Boyce Codd Normal

Form which is stricter than the 3NF.

Any table is said to have in the BCNF if it

satisfies the following 2 conditions:

A table is in the 3NF.

For each of the functional dependencies

X->Y that exists, X is the super key of a
table.

41. What is a CLAUSE in terms of SQL?

This is used with the SQL queries to fetch

specific data as per the requirements on
the basis of the conditions that are put in
the SQL. This is very helpful in picking the
selective records from the complete set of
records.

For Example, There is a query that has a

WHERE condition or the query with the
HAVING clause.

42.How can you get the alternate

records from the table in the SQL?

If you want to fetch the odd numbers then

the following query can be used:

SELECT EmpId
from (SELECT rowno,EmpId
from Emp) WHERE mod(rowno,2)=1;

If you want to fetch the even numbers,

then the following query can be used:

SELECT EmpId
from (SELECT rowno,EmpId
from Emp) WHERE mod(rowno,2)=0;

43. How is the pattern matching done

in the SQL?

Answer: With the help of the LIKE

operator, pattern matching is possible in
the SQL.’%’ is used with the LIKE operator
when it matches with the 0 or more
characters, and ‘_’ is used to match the
one particular character.

Example:

SELECT * from Emp

WHERE name like ‘b%’;

SELECT * from Emp

WHERE name like ‘hans_’;

44. What is a join in the SQL?

A Join is one of the SQL statements which

is used to join the data or the rows from 2
or more tables on the basis of a common
field/column among them.

45. What are the different types of joins

in SQL?

There are 4 types of SQL Joins:

Inner Join: This type of join is used to

fetch the data among the tables which are
common in both tables.

Left Join: This returns all the rows from

the table which is on the left side of the
join but only the matching rows from the
table which is on the right side of the join.

Right Join: This returns all the rows from

the table which is on the right side of the
join but only the matching rows from the
table which is on the left side of the join.

Full Join: This returns the rows from all

the tables on which the join condition has
been put and the rows which do not match
hold null values.

46. Explain the Stored Procedure.

A Stored Procedure is a group of SQL

statements in the form of a function that
has some unique name and is stored in
relational database management
systems(RDBMS) and can be accessed
whenever required.

47. What is RDBMS?

RDBMS is the Relational Database

Management System which contains data
in the form of the tables and data is
accessed on the basis of the common
fields among the tables.

48. What are the different types of

relationships in the DBMS?

A Relationship in DBMS depicts an

association between the tables.

Different types of relationships are:

One-to-One: This basically states that

there should be a one-to-one relationship
between the tables i.e. there should be
one record in both the tables.

One-to-Many: This states that there can

be many relationships for one i.e. a
primary key table hold only one record
which can have many, one, or none
records in the related table.

Many-to-Many: This states that both the

tables can be related to many other
tables.

49. What do you mean by Entity type

extension?

Compilation of similar entity types into one

particular type which is grouped together
as an entity set is known as entity type
extension.

50. What is conceptual design in

dbms?

Conceptual design is the first stage in the

database design process. The goal at this
stage is to design a database that is
independent of database software and
physical details. The output of this process
is a conceptual data model that describes
the main data entities, attributes,
relationships, and constraints of a given
problem domain.

51. Differentiate between logical

database design and physical database
design. Show how this separation leads
to data independence.

Logical
Physic
Parameters Database
D
Design

Maps or
transforms the
conceptual The speci
schema (or an stored da
ER schema) from of phy
Task the high-level structures,
data model into a placement
relational are design
database
schema.

The mapping can

proceed in two
stages: The follow
often use
System-
choice
independent
Choice of database d
mapping but
criteria data model- Respon
dependent Space
Tailoring the Transa
schemas to a
specific DBMS

DDL statements
in the language
of the chosen
DBMS that
specify the
conceptual and
external level
An initial
schemas of the
storage st
database system.
access p
But if the DDL
database
Result statements
correspon
include some
the intern
physical design
terms of
parameters, a
Definition
complete DDL
specification
must wait until
after the physical
database design
phase
is completed.

The database design is divided into

several phases. The logical database
design and physical database design are
two of them. This separation is generally
based on the concept of the three-level
architecture of DBMS, which provides data
independence. Therefore, we can say that
this separation leads to data
independence because the output of the
logical database design is the conceptual
and external level schemas of
the database system which is independent
of the output of the physical database
design that is an internal schema.

52. What are temporary tables? When

are they useful?
Temporary tables exist solely for a
particular session, or whose data persists
for the duration of the transaction. The
temporary tables are generally used to
support specialized rollups or specific
application processing requirements.
Unlike a permanent table, space is not
allocated to a temporary table when it is
created. Space will be dynamically
allocated for the table as rows are
inserted. The CREATE GLOBAL
TEMPORARY TABLE command is used to
create a temporary table in Oracle.

53. Explain different types of failures

that occur in the Oracle database.
Types of Failures – In the Oracle
database following types of failures can
occur:

Statement Failure·
Bad data type
Insufficient space
Insufficient Privileges (e.g., object
privileges to a role)
User Process Failure
The user performed an
abnormal disconnect
The user’s session was
abnormally terminated
The user’s program raised an
address exception
User Error
The user drops a table
User damages data
by modification
Instance Failure
Media Failure
The user drops a table
User damages data
by modification
Alert Logs
Records informational and
error messages
All Instance startups and
shutdowns are recorded in
the log

54. What is the main goal of RAID

technology?

RAID stands for Redundant Array of

Inexpensive (or sometimes
“Independent”)Disks.

RAID is a method of combining several

hard disk drives into one logical unit (two
or more disks grouped together to appear
as a single device to the host system).
RAID technology was developed to
address the fault-tolerance and
performance limitations of conventional
disk storage. It can offer fault tolerance
and higher throughput levels than a single
hard drive or group of independent hard
drives. While arrays were once considered
complex and relatively specialized storage
solutions, today they are easy to use and
essential for a broad spectrum of
client/server applications.

Three 90 Challenge is back on popular

demand! After processing refunds worth
INR 1CR+, we are back with the offer if
you missed it the first time. Get 90%
course fee refund in 90 days. Avail now!

"GeeksforGeeks helped me ace the GATE

exam! Whenever I had any doubt
regarding any topic, GFG always helped
me and made my concepts quiet clear." -
Anshika Modi | AIR 21

Choose GeeksforGeeks as your perfect

GATE 2025 Preparation partner with
these newly launched programs
GATE CS & IT- Online
GATE DS & AI- Online

Over 150,000+ students already trust us

to be their GATE Exam guide. Join them
& let us help you in opening the GATE to
top-tech IITs & NITs!

GeeksforGeeks 298

Previous Next Article

Article

Similar Reads

Commonly asked DBMS…

interview questions
This article is | Set
an extension of 2
Commonly asked DBMS interview…
questions | Set 1. Q. There is a table
5 min read
where only one row is fully repeated.
Write a Query to find the Repeated
row
Commonly Asked C++…
NameSectionabcCS1bcdCS2abcC…
Interview
the Questions
aboveDifferences
Q. Major table, we can | Set Java
find
between 2
duplicate row using
and C++ There below
are lot query.
of difference…
SELECT
some of name,
the section
major FROMare:
differences
tblGROUP
8 min readBY name, sectionHAVING
Java has automatic garbage
COUNT(*) > 1Q. Qu
collection whereas C++ has
destructors, which are automatically
Commonly
invoked whenasked JavaScript…
the object is
Interview
destroyed.Java Questions
does not|JavaScript
What is JavaScript(JS)? Set 1
support is
pointers, templates, unions,
a lightweight, interpreted… operator
overloading,
programming structures
language etc.C++
with has
object-
no inmin
4 built
oriented support that allows you
read
capabilities
to build interactivity into otherwise
static HTML pages.What are the
Commonly Asked C++…
features of JavaScript?JavaScript is
Interview
a to theQuestions
lightweight,
Refer interpreted
article | Set 1
C++ Interview
programming
Questions andlanguage.
Answers forJavaScript
the late…is
designed
data. 1. for creating
What are the network-centric
differences
applica
5 min read
between C and C++? C++ is a kind of
superset of C, most C programs
except for a few exceptions (See this
Commonly
and this) workAsked
in C++ Algorithm…
as well. C is a
Interview
procedural Questions
For tech jobprogramming language,
interviews, knowing
but C++
about supportsisboth
algorithms procedural
really important…
and
Being good at algorithms shows youSi
Object Oriented programming.
15+ min read
can solve problems effectively and
make programs run faster. This
article has lots of common interview
Commonly
questions about Asked C… Table of
algorithms.
Programming
Content
What is theCommonly Interview
differenceAsked Interview
between
Questions
declarationon
Questions | Sorting
andSet 1
definition of a…
AlgorithmCommonly
variable/function Ans: Asked Interview
Declaration of
Questions
5 min readon Sea
a variable/function simply declares
that the variable/function exists
somewhere in the program but the
Commonly
memory is notAskedallocatedJava…
for them. But
Programming
the declaration
In this ofInterview
article, some a variable/function
of the most
serves an
Questions important
important Java | Set 2 role. Questions…
Interview And that is
the
andtype of theare
Answers variable/functi
discussed, to give
10 min read
you the cutting edge in your
interviews. Java is one of the most
popular and widely used
Commonly
programming asked languageComputer…
and platform.
Networks
Java
What is fast,
are Interview
reliable and
Unicasting, Questions
secure.
Anycasting, |
From
Set 1desktopand
Multicasting to web applications,
Broadcasting? If t…
scientific
message supercomputers to gaming
is sent from a source to a
consoles, cell ph node, it is called
4 min read
single destination
Unicasting. This is typically done in
networks. If the message is sent from
Commonly
a source to anyAsked
of the Java…
given
Programming
destination
Why is Javanodes. Interview
called This is used a lot
the ‘Platform
in Content delivery
Questions
Independent Set 1Systems where
|Programming…
we want to get
Language’? content
Platform from a
independence
5 min read
means that execution of your
program does not dependent on type
of operating system(it could be any :
Commonly
Linux, windows, Asked C… So
Mac ..etc).
Programming
compile
This postcode onlyInterview
is second once and
set of run it on
Commonly
any System
Questions
Asked (In C/C++,
| Set
C Programming we need to
2 Interview…
compile
Questions the| Set
code1What
for every
are machine
main
on 3which we run
min read
characteristics ofit). J
C language? C is a
procedural language. The main
features of C language include low-
Top
level 10 Most
access to Commonly
memory, simple Aske…
set of
Web3 Interview
keywords,
Web3 (also and
known Questions
clean
asstyle. 3.0) and
Web These is
features
Answers make it suitable for system
definitely the latest technology that…
programming
the7world is like operating
currently basking system
on and
or compi
min read
slowly small and big companies are
turning to Web3 to not only retain
their customer but also offer safer
Most Commonly
and private Asked
cyberspace Syste…
for them to
Design
use.
This System Interview
It provides better
Design data privacy
Interview Guide
by eliminating central
Problems/Questions organizations
will provide the most commonly…
and
asked allowing
systemusers to interview
design keep
2 min read
questions and equip you with the
knowledge and techniques needed to
design, build, and scale your robust
Commonly Asked
applications, for Data… and
professionals
Structure
newbies
In the world Interview
Below are a
of tech listQuestions
of most
interviews,
commonly
knowing aboutasked interview
data structures is…
problems/case
super important studies/questions
for candidate in
aiming
System Design
15+ min
for jobs in
read interv
computer science. Being
good at data structures shows you
can solve problems well and make
Commonly
programs run Asked article is …
Questions
faster. This
Goldman
packed
Reversewith Sachs a Interviews
topininterview
words given questions
string
and answers about data
Number Formation Overlapping…structures.
It's here to Ugly
rectangles help you get ready
Numbers Columnfor
1 min read
name from a given column number
Stock buy and sell Non Repeating
Character Merge Two Sorted Arrays
Commonly
Egg Droppingasked
Puzzle questions i…
Squares in N*N
Flipkart
Snake andInterviews
Chessboard Rectangles
Ladder in N*N
Problem
Board Wave
Chocolate Array LRUProblem
Distribution Cache Get
Sol…
minimum
the1Sudoku element from stack
Shortest direction 0 - 1
Implement
min readQueue using array Queue
Knapsack Problem Inversion of array
usi
Maximum of all subarrays of size k
Possible words from Phone digits
Infosys's
Doubling the most
valueasked intervie…
Print the Kth Digit
questions
Consecutive
1) Tell me about1's not allowed
yourself. Search
2) About
in a Rotated
projects, roleArray Kadane's
in project. 3) Why do…
Algorithm
you1 want Rat
to in
join a Maze
Infosys? Problem
4) Strategy
Multiply two
min read s
to handle major project 5) What is
your career objective? 6) Are you fine
with working in night shifts? 7) Why
Troubleshooting
should we hire you? Questions
8) They mayo… ask
OS
Thisand
about yourNetworking
article family 5 askedalso.
background
has a Top in
This
Cloudis abased
small list
Troubleshooting of questions.
Interview
questions on…
Please write comments
Operating System and Networking
3 min read
that will help you clear any Cloud-
based Interview like AMAZON
CLOUD SUPPORT ASSOCIATE
10
AND Most
AMAZONAsked ES6 Interview…
DevOps. Firstly, what
Questions
is
When & Answers
troubleshooting?
JavaScript intoFor
Troubleshooting
came the
is basically
Developers an art, the art of
picture of the programming world, taking t…
a
problem
name wasinto consideration
chosen for gathering
marketing
pieces
6 minof
reasons. information
read
At aboutwas
that time Java th
getting popular all around the world
(but you better know both are
Top MostLater
different). Asked System…
it was submitted to
Design
ECMA Interview
System(European
Design Questions
Computer
is defined as a
Manufacturers Association) to
process of creating an architecture…
standardize
for 11
different the language interfaces,
components, and its
specification.
min read Later it was n
and modules of the system and
providing corresponding data helpful
in implementing such elements in
Accenture's
systems. Tablemost asked…
of Content 1. Why is it
Interview
better
1) What useQuestions
to is/are
horizontal scaling than
your favorite
vertical scaling?2.
subject(s)? Whatbeis many…
There may sharding,
and how does
questions it improve
on the databas
subject told. 2)
1 min read
Differences between C and C++. 3)
What is include in a C program? 4)
What is Dynamic Memory Allocation,
Crack
example? UX5)Design Interview:…
Differences between
Most
C/C++
PlanningAsked
and UX6)Design
to Java?
change Simple
your career or
programs
Questions, like
land a job as aTipsBubble Sort, sum
and Tricks
UX Designer? Weofg…
a
simple series,
you14sorted. Theetc. 7) of
field What
UX is OOP?is
design
8) Whatmin are
readencapsulati
flourishing. If you've been considering
applying for a position as a UX
designer at any company/agency,
Top 50 Most
you should takeAsked Google…
some time to get
Tricky
ready Interview
Googleforis the Questions
interview.
a dream There for
workplace is a lot
of preparation
every softwarethat goes into
developer to work i…
preparing for a design interview.
It is one of the best in every aspect, Y
15+ min read
be it the projects their employees
work on or work-life balance. So, to
be a part of such an awesome
Microsoft's
workplace onemost must asked…
be adequately
interview
prepared
Like otherfor questions
its Technical companies,
product-based and
behavioral
Microsoft alsorounds
asksofdata
the structures…
hiring
process. GoogleasInterview
and2 algorithms part of Process:
their
1) Online
min read
technical interview. Below is a list of
questions prepared from different
Microsoft interview experiences. Most
Amazon’s most frequently…
Asked QuestionsCheck if a Binary
asked
Tree interview
is BST
Amazon's or not
Most -questions | Set
PracticeAsked
Frequently
hereRemove
2
Questions | Set duplicates
1 Level -from
Easya Get…
string,
do it in-place
minimum - Practice
element hereGive
from the stack -
2 min read
Practice hereSerialize and
deserialize a binary tree - Practice
herePrint a binary tree in a vertical
Most
order -asked
PracticeComputer
hereCelebrity Scienc…
Subjects
problem
This article Interview
- Practice Questions
containshereLevel
a list order
of most
traversalSwap
in Amazon,
asked questions thefrom
kth Operating…
Microsoft,element from
Flipkart
starting
Systems, and from theNetworks
Computer end position
and-
Practice
DBMS inhe
3 min read
the interviews of the top
product based companies like
Amazon, Microsoft, Flipkart, Paytm
Top 25 Frequently
etc. Operating System: Asked…
Process
Interview
Introduction Questions
What is aof the
Here is the collection in TOP 25
microprocessor?Explain
Technical Rounds
frequently asked questionsthebased
internal
…
architecture
the1experienceof a RAM.How compiler
of interviews in
compiles the
min read interlinked
multiple companies. 1Lowest li
common Ancestor2An unsorted array
of integers is given; you must find the
Most Askedformed
max product Binaryby Search…
multiplying
Interview
three
Binarynumbers.
searchQuestions
is(You cannot
the most sort the
efficient
array, watch
searching out when
algorithm thereaare
having run-…
negative
time numbers)3Left
complexity of O(log2View
N) ofaa
in
tree4Rev
2 min read
sorted array. Binary search is a
searching technique to search
an ordered list of data based on the
SQL
DivideInterview
and Conquer Questions
techniqueask…
in Toprepeatedly
which
1.What Tech
do youCompanies
halves thebysearch
understand
space in every
Adaptive query iterationConditions
processing launche… for
when
in SQLtoServer?
apply Binary
Answer:Search
SQL in a
Server
Data Struct
4 min
and Azure
read
SQL Database introduce a
new generation of query processing
improvements that will adapt
Most askedstrategies
optimization Singleton Design…
to your
Pattern
application
This articleInterview
comprisesQuestions
workload’s runtime
some of the
conditions.
most asked Singleton designAdaptive
2.Name all three patter…
query processing
interview features? Answer.
questions, which will help
In SQL
11 minServer
read and
you tackle any Singleton design
pattern question properly. 1. Give an
example use case for the singleton
7 Mostpattern.This
design Asked ReactJS…
design pattern
Interview
can intoQuestions
be useful
If you're & then
Answers
in various scenarios,
programming
such
surelyas when
you you
can't need
deny toyou
that control
aren'…
access to a shared resource, mana
aware of the popularity of React.
7 min read
React which is a very popular
JavaScript library is booming around
 Article Tags :

DBMS Interview Questions interview-questions

Corporate & Communications Address:-

A-143, 9th Floor, Sovereign Corporate
Tower, Sector- 136, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
(201305) | Registered Address:- K 061,
Tower K, Gulshan Vivante Apartment,
Sector 137, Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar,
Uttar Pradesh, 201305

Company
About Us
Legal
Careers
In Media
Contact Us
Advertise with us
GFG Corporate Solution
Placement Training Program

Explore
Job-A-Thon Hiring Challenge
Hack-A-Thon
GfG Weekly Contest
Offline Classes (Delhi/NCR)
DSA in JAVA/C++
Master System Design
Master CP
GeeksforGeeks Videos
Geeks Community

Languages
Python
Java
C++
PHP
GoLang
SQL
R Language
Android Tutorial

DSA
Data Structures
Algorithms
DSA for Beginners
Basic DSA Problems
DSA Roadmap
DSA Interview Questions
Competitive Programming

Data Science & ML

Data Science With Python
Data Science For Beginner
Machine Learning
ML Maths
Data Visualisation
Pandas
NumPy
NLP
Deep Learning

Web Technologies
HTML
CSS
JavaScript
TypeScript
ReactJS
NextJS
NodeJs
Bootstrap
Tailwind CSS

Python Tutorial
Python Programming Examples
Django Tutorial
Python Projects
Python Tkinter
Web Scraping
OpenCV Tutorial
Python Interview Question

Computer Science
GATE CS Notes
Operating Systems
Computer Network
Database Management System
Software Engineering
Digital Logic Design
Engineering Maths

DevOps
Git
AWS
Docker
Kubernetes
Azure
GCP
DevOps Roadmap

System Design
High Level Design
Low Level Design
UML Diagrams
Interview Guide
Design Patterns
OOAD
System Design Bootcamp
Interview Questions

School Subjects
Mathematics
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Social Science
English Grammar

Commerce
Accountancy
Business Studies
Economics
Management
HR Management
Finance
Income Tax

Databases
SQL
MYSQL
PostgreSQL
PL/SQL
MongoDB

Preparation Corner
Company-Wise Recruitment Process
Resume Templates
Aptitude Preparation
Puzzles
Company-Wise Preparation
Companies
Colleges

Competitive Exams
JEE Advanced
UGC NET
UPSC
SSC CGL
SBI PO
SBI Clerk
IBPS PO
IBPS Clerk

More Tutorials
Software Development
Software Testing
Product Management
Project Management
Linux
Excel
All Cheat Sheets
Recent Articles

Free Online Tools

Typing Test
Image Editor
Code Formatters
Code Converters
Currency Converter
Random Number Generator
Random Password Generator

Write & Earn

Write an Article
Improve an Article
Pick Topics to Write
Share your Experiences
Internships

@GeeksforGeeks, Sanchhaya
Open In Education
App Private Limited,
All rights reserved