International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ICONECT' 14 Conference Proceedings

A Review Paper on Wireless charging of

mobile phones
Ashwini Jayawant1, Swati Zope2
Assistant professor, K.C.College of Engineering & Management studies & Research
Mumbai University, India
1
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract frequencies between 300 MHz (0.3 GHz) and 300 GHz.
There are various advantages of microwave over low
Nowadays Mobile communication not only restricted frequencies such as –
for voice transmission but also used for various • Directivity: As frequency increases the
multimedia applications like transfer of text, images, directivity increase and beam width reduces.
videos, playing games etc. Continuous use of mobile • More bandwidth at higher frequencies.
phones needs charging of the batteries again and • Microwave signals travel by line of sight and
again. Imagine a system where your cellular phone are capable of freely propagating through
battery is always charged, You don’t have to worry if snow, clouds and smoke therefore used for
you forget the charger. In this paper two methods are communication. [3]
studied first is wireless charging of mobile phones
using microwaves which eliminates the need of 1.2Wireless power transmission
separate charger for mobiles .In this method the
charging of mobile phones is done using microwaves
when we talk on that particular mobile .The
microwave frequency used is 2.45Ghz.The second
RT

method is charging of mobile phones using Bluetooth.

Keywords— Mobile communication, microwave,

IJE

wireless charging

1. Introduction
There is an abundance of energy around us at all
times. Radio and television towers, the cellular phone Figure 1. Block diagram of Wireless power
antennas, and even satellites orbiting earth are transmission
constantly transmitting energy. It will be very useful if
we gather the energy and store it and use it as a source The block diagram consists of microwave generator
of power for other circuits. In the case of the cellular which actually produces microwave and microwave
phone, this power could be used to recharge a battery convertor which will convert microwave energy into dc
that is constantly being depleted. The first step is to power
capture the energy from air and second step needs an 1.2.1 Microwave generator.
efficient antenna which will convert AC to DC. [1]
Magnetron is used to generate microwave at
1.1Wireless charging of mobile phones using preferred frequency; basically the magnetron is a high-
microwaves [2] powered vacuum tube that works as self-excited
microwave oscillator. To produce high power output
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation crossed electronic and magnetic fields are used.
with wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to A circulator is a passive device which has three or
as short as one millimetre, or equivalently, with four ports in which a radiofrequency or microwave

www.ijert.org 30
 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ICONECT' 14 Conference Proceedings

signal entering any port is transmitted to the next port DC pass filter which consists of smoothing capacitor
in rotation. A port in this context is a point where an for reducing ripples also followed by load. The
external transmission line or waveguide connects to the conversion efficiency depends on this DC pass filter set
device. For a circulator which has four ports, a signal up i.e. value and position of dc pass filter setup.
applied to port 1 only comes out of port 2; a signal
applied to port 2 only comes out of port 3; a signal 1.2.3 Frequency to voltage convertor. A signal is
applied to port 3 only comes out of port 1. sent when user is talking this is very important as
Tuner is used for impedance matching with phone has to be charged as long as user is talking. The
transmitting antenna. The transmitting antenna can be a frequency to voltage convertor would act as switch to
patch antenna and is fabricated from copper plating that turn rectenna circuit ON when user starts his
is soldered to a feed wire and has a ground plane. We conversation signal is sent to sensor circuit. LM 2907
can use slotted waveguide antenna for the same can be used as a sensor to convert frequency to voltage.
purpose. Thus on reception of the signal sensor circuit switches
rectenna circuit ON and mobile phone begins to charge.
1.2.2 Microwave convertor:
2. Advantages.
Rectenna is used to convert microwave energy into
dc power. A simple rectenna element consists of a The charging of mobile phones is done wirelessly so
dipole antenna with an RF diode connected across the eliminates the need to use separate charger and plugs.
dipole elements. The diode rectifies the AC current The time required to charge the mobiles can be saved.
induced in the antenna by the microwaves. Schottky Wastage of power is less.
diodes are used for production of DC power, which
powers a load connected across the diode. Schottky Limitations:
diodes are usually used because they have the lowest • Radiation problem may accure.
voltage drop, highest speed and low noise index which • Network traffic may cause problem in
is important for communication receivers. “Rectenna” charging.
is key component in wireless power transmission • Rectenna circuit makes device bulky.
because the capacity of the utility power at the • Wireless charging increases heat in device as
receiving site depends on the rectenna performance. compare to wired method.

3. Charging of mobile phones using

Bluetooth [5].
RT

Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for

exchanging data over short distance using short
IJE

wavelength microwave transmission in the ism band

from (2400-2800) MHz, from fixed and mobile
Figure 2. Block diagram of convertor system devices. The table shows different classes of Bluetooth
Antenna shown here is rectangular microstrip patch based on maximum power it can transmit.
antenna (RMPA).Rectification process converts ac to
dc. Low pass filter is used to remove the harmonics Class Maximum Range
which are generated during rectification process it is power
necessary to remove the harmonics as they are radiated Class1 100mw 100 meters
back through antenna thus resulting in significant loss Class 2 2.5 mw 10 meters
of energy. To suppress re-radiation and to maximize the Class 3 1 mw 1 meter
power conversion, Low pass filter is placed between Table 1 Different classes of Bluetooth
antenna and rectifier setup. The cut-off frequency for Bluetooth can act as transmitter as well as receiver.
Low Pass Filter has been selected such that second Thus Bluetooth device can be used for wireless
harmonic signals are rejected. [4].The use of matching charging of mobiles. Transmitter is one Bluetooth
network is impedance matching of input impedance of device which will transmit RF signals of different
low pass filter and antenna so that maximum power power depending upon its class. Receiver will be
will be transmitted. After this match circuit the another Bluetooth device and from received signal
rectifying diode is placed for rectification followed by

www.ijert.org 31
 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ICONECT' 14 Conference Proceedings

maximum energy will be extracted using following .

voltage doubler circuit. [5] A Highly Efficient Power Management System for
Charging Mobile Phones using RF Energy Harvesting/ Ajay
Sivaramakrishnan , Kailarajan Jeyaprakash Jegadishkumar/
International Journal of Information Technology
Convergence and Services (IJITCS) Vol.1, No.5, October
2011

[6] 2-GHz Rectenna For Wireless PowerTransmission/

Shailendra Singh Ojha, P.K. Singhal/Current Research in
Engineering, Science and Technology (CREST) Journals [
ISSN 2320-706X ]Vol 01 | Issue 01 | March 2013 | 24-29

Figure 3 Voltage doubler circuit [7] Wireless Power Transmission – A Next Generation Power
Transmission System, International Journal of Computer
Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 1 – No. 13
A voltage doubler is an electronic circuit which
charges capacitors from the input voltage and switches [8] W. Geyi, P Jarmuszewski, and Y. Qi, "The foster
these charges in such a way that, in the ideal case, reactancetheorem for antennas and
exactly twice the voltage is produced at the output as at radiation q," Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions
its input. The simplest of these circuits are a form on, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 401-408,
of rectifier which take an AC voltage as input and Mar 2000.
output a doubled DC voltage. The output of this circuit
[9] J. S. Mclean, "A re-examination of the fundamental limits
is used to charge the mobile batteries.
on the radiation q of electrically
Application: small antennas," Antennas and Propagation, IEEE
This method can be use to charge the mobile phones Transactions on, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 672-,
in case of emergency, as the circuit size is small it can May 1996.
be easily implemented inside the mobile phones.
[10]T. Ungan and L. Reindl, "Harvesting low ambient rf-
Conclusion: sources for autonomous measurement
In this paper two methods for wireless charging of systems, " Instrumentation and Measurement Technology
Conference Proceedings, 2008.
mobile phones are studied. Charging of mobile phones IMTC2008. IEEE, pp. 6265, May 2008
can be done using microwaves and Bluetooth. These
RT

methods eliminate need of separate charger thus [11]Hagerty, F. Helmbrecht, W. McCalpin, R. Zane, and Z.
making the use of mobiles possible in case of Popovic,
emergency even if charger is not available. These "Recycling ambient microwave energy with broad-band
methods also results in harvesting of energy. rectenna arrays," Microwave Theory and
IJE

Techniques, IEEETransactions on, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 1014-

1024, March 2004.
References
.

[1] Wireless battery charging system using radio frequency

energy harvesting /Danial W.Harrist/BS University of
pitussburg/2001

[2] Wireless charging of mobile phones using microwaves /

Dimple,Divanshi sing/International journal of electrical and
electronics engineers,IJEEE/2012

[3] Microwave and RADAR engineering./K.K.Sharma

[4] 2-GHz Rectenna For Wireless PowerTransmission/

Shailendra Singh Ojha, P.K. Singhal/Current Research in
Engineering, Science and Technology (CREST) Journals [
ISSN 2320-706X ]Vol 01 | Issue 01 | March 2013 | 24-29

www.ijert.org 32