www.nytimes.com /2023/06/27/us/politics/russian-general-prigozhin-rebellion.
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Russian General Knew About Mercenary Chief’s Rebellion
Plans, U.S. Officials Say
Julian E. Barnes, Helene Cooper, Eric Schmitt ⋮ ⋮ 28.6.2023
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After this article was published, the Kremlin’s spokesman, Dmitri S. Peskov, issued a curt response and
insisted on Wednesday that Russia’s army and people had unified around Mr. Putin.
A senior Russian general had advance knowledge of Yevgeny Prigozhin’s plans to rebel against Russia’s
military leadership, according to U.S. officials briefed on American intelligence on the matter, which has
prompted questions about what support the mercenary leader had inside the top ranks.
The officials said they are trying to learn if Gen. Sergei Surovikin, the former top Russian commander in
Ukraine, helped plan Mr. Prigozhin’s actions last weekend, which posed the most dramatic threat to
President Vladimir V. Putin in his 23 years in power.
General Surovikin is a respected military leader who helped shore up defenses across the battle lines
after Ukraine’s counteroffensive last year, analysts say. He was replaced as the top commander in
January but retained influence in running war operations and remains popular among the troops.
American officials also said there are signs that other Russian generals may also have supported Mr.
Prigozhin’s attempt to change the leadership of the Defense Ministry by force. Current and former U.S.
officials said Mr. Prigozhin would not have launched his uprising unless he believed that others in
positions of power would come to his aid.
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If General Surovikin was involved in last weekend’s events, it would be the latest sign of the infighting
that has characterized Russia’s military leadership since the start of Mr. Putin’s war in Ukraine and could
signal a wider fracture between supporters of Mr. Prigozhin and Mr. Putin’s two senior military advisers:
Sergei K. Shoigu, the minister of defense, and Gen. Valery V. Gerasimov, the chief of general staff.
Mr. Putin must now decide, officials say, whether he believes that General Surovikin helped Mr. Prigozhin
and how he should respond.
Understand Russia’s 36-Hour Rebellion
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A tense standoff. An armed uprising in Russia led by Yevgeny Prigozhin, the head of the Wagner private
military company, stunned the world and amounted to the single biggest challenge to President Vladimir
Putin’s rule since he came to power 23 years ago. Here’s what to know about the revolt:
How it started. In a series of social media posts on June 23, Prigozhin questioned the Kremlin’s motives
for the war in Ukraine and accused the Russian defense minister, Sergei Shoigu, of ordering deadly
airstrikes on Wagner fighters. Tensions between Prigozhin and Russia’s military had been rising for
months.
A rapid escalation. Hours after Prigozhin’s remarks, Russian officials denounced the mercenary leader
and opened an investigation against him for armed rebellion. On June 24, Wagner fighters seized the
southern Russian city of Rostov-on-Don, a military hub, and began to move convoys toward Moscow.
A surprise deal. Later in the evening on June 24, state media in Belarus unexpectedly announced that
the country’s leader, Alexsandr Lukashenko, had negotiated Prigozhin’s agreement to halt his forces’
advances to the Russian capital. The Kremlin said that it would drop charges against Prigozhin and that
he would leave for Belarus.
What happens next? In their first remarks since the revolt ended, Putin tried to project unity and
stability as questions swirled about his grip on power, while Prigozhin claimed he wasn’t trying to
overthrow the Russian president. With Wagner’s future in doubt, it is unclear if the mercenary army will
still be a fighting force in Ukraine.
On Tuesday, the Russian domestic intelligence agency said that it was dropping “armed mutiny” criminal
charges against Mr. Prigozhin and members of his force. But if Mr. Putin finds evidence General
Surovikin more directly helped Mr. Prigozhin, he will have little choice but to remove him from his
command, officials and analysts say.
Some former officials say Mr. Putin could decide to keep General Surovikin, if he concludes he had some
knowledge of what Mr. Prigozhin had planned but did not aid him. For now, analysts said, Mr. Putin
seems intent on pinning the mutiny solely on Mr. Prigozhin.
Image
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Yevgeny Prigozhin, founder of the Wagner private mercenary group, in Moscow in
April.Credit...Yulia Morozova/Reuters
“Putin is reluctant to change people,” said Alexander Baunov, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Russia
Eurasia Center. “But if the secret service puts files on Putin’s desk and if some files implicate Surovikin, it
may change.”
Senior American officials suggest that an alliance between General Surovikin and Mr. Prigozhin could
explain why Mr. Prigozhin is still alive, despite seizing a major Russian military hub and ordering an
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armed march on Moscow.
American officials and others interviewed for this article spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss
sensitive intelligence. They emphasized that much of what the United States and its allies know is
preliminary. U.S. officials have avoided discussing the rebellion publicly, out of fear of feeding Mr. Putin’s
narrative that the unrest was orchestrated by the West.
Updates: Russia-Ukraine War
Updated
June 28, 2023, 5:56 p.m. ET12 minutes ago
12 minutes ago
Prigozhin’s connections among Russia’s elites are muddling any purge plans by Putin.
Satellite images show rapid construction at a deserted military base in Belarus. Is it Wagner’s new
home?
The injured in Kramatorsk include 3 Colombians who were trying to bolster Latin American support
for Ukraine.
Still, American officials have an interest in pushing out information that undermines the standing of
General Surovikin, whom they view as more competent and more ruthless than other members of the
command. His removal would undoubtedly benefit Ukraine, whose Western-backed troops are pushing a
new counteroffensive that is meant to try to win back territory seized by Moscow.
The Russian Embassy did not respond to a request for comment.
General Surovikin spoke out against the rebellion as it became public on Friday, in a video that urged
Russian troops in Ukraine to maintain their positions and not join the uprising.
“I urge you to stop,” General Surovikin said in a message posted on Telegram. “The enemy is just waiting
for the internal political situation to worsen in our country.”
But one former official called that message akin to “a hostage video.” General Surovikin’s body language
suggested he was uncomfortable denouncing a former ally, one who shared his view of the Russian
military leadership, the former official said.
There were other signs of divided loyalties in the top ranks. Another Russian general — Lt. Gen. Vladimir
Alekseyev — made his own video appeal, calling any actions against the Russian state a “stab in the
back of the country and president.” But hours later, he surfaced in another video, chatting with Mr.
Prigozhin in the Russian city of Rostov-on-Don, where Wagner fighters seized military facilities.
Advance Knowledge: U.S. officials said that a senior Russian general knew about Prigozhin’s
plans to rebel, prompting questions about what support the mercenary leader had inside the
Russian military’s top ranks.
A Test: The events that unfolded during the mutiny suggest that President Vladimir Putin’s hold
over the powerful coalition that keeps him in charge is under stress, writes our columnist.
The Kremlin’s Image Machine: Putin appeared only once during the rebellion, vowing “decisive
actions.” A few days later, he was all over Russian TV, seeking to project an image of control.
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Russia’s Friends React: Leaders from Iran, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, among others, expressed
support for Putin in the face of the uprising. But in private, their concerns over his ability to prevent
further instability may linger.
“There were just too many weird things that happened that, in my mind, suggest there was collusion that
we have not figured out yet,” Michael McFaul, a former U.S. ambassador to Russia, said in a phone
interview.
“Think of how easy it was to take Rostov,” Mr. McFaul said. “There are armed guards everywhere in
Russia, and suddenly, there’s no one around to do anything?”
Image
Mr. Putin with General Surovikin in December, after he was awarded the order of Saint
George of the Third Class. The next month, however, General Surovikin was removed
from command of forces in Ukraine. Credit...Pool photo by Mikhael Klimentyev/EPA, via
Shutterstock
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Independent experts and U.S. and allied officials said that Mr. Prigozhin seemed to believe that large
parts of Russia’s army would rally to his side as his convoy moved on Moscow.
Mr. Prigozhin had worked with General Surovikin during Russia’s military intervention in Syria, and had
described him as the most capable commander in the Russian army. Former officials said General
Surovikin did not support pushing Mr. Putin from power but appears to have agreed with Mr. Prigozhin
that Mr. Shoigu and General Gerasimov needed to be relieved of duty.
“Surovikin is a decorated general with a complex history,” said Dara Massicot, a senior policy researcher
at the RAND Corporation. “He is said to be respected by the soldiers and viewed as competent.”
General Surovikin and Mr. Prigozhin have both brushed up against Mr. Shoigu and General Gerasimov
over tactics used in Ukraine. While the Russian military’s overall performance in the war has been widely
derided as underwhelming, analysts have credited General Surovikin and Mr. Prigozhin for Russia’s few
successes.
In General Surovikin’s case, that limited success was the professionally managed withdrawal of Russian
troops from Kherson, where they were nearly encircled last fall and cut off from supplies. Based on
communications intercepts, U.S. officials concluded that a frustrated General Surovikin represented a
hard-line faction of generals intent on using the toughest tactics against Ukrainians.
Similarly, Mr. Prigozhin’s Wagner mercenaries achieved some success in taking the eastern city of
Bakhmut after a nine-month slog in which, by Mr. Prigozhin’s own count, some 20,000 Wagner troops
were killed. U.S. officials and military analysts say tens of thousands of troops died in the fight for
Bakhmut, among them Wagner soldiers who were former convicts with little training before they were
sent to war. Mr. Prigozhin frequently complained that senior Russian defense and military officials were
not supplying his troops with enough weapons.
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Russia’s entire military campaign in Ukraine has been characterized by a musical chairs of changing
generals. Last fall, when General Surovikin was put in charge of the Russian Army’s effort in Ukraine, he
was the second man to get the job, replacing a general who had lasted barely a month. General
Surovikin did not last much longer, but performed far better during his weeks at the helm.
Nevertheless, by January, General Surovikin was demoted, and Mr. Putin handed direct command of the
war to General Gerasimov, who promised to put Russian forces back on the offensive. General
Surovikin’s demotion, military and Russia analysts say, was widely viewed as a blow to Mr. Prigozhin.
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