Rapid Catch Up Learning

ISLAMIYAT CODE- 2058

Paper 1
CHAPTER NO.1
MAJOR THEMES OF THE HOLY QURAN
ALLAH IN HIMSELF
PARAGRAPH NO.1
(1) Surah Baqarah( 2:255)
Translation Allah. There is no god but He, the living, the self-subsisting, eternal.
No slumber can seize Him nor sleep. His are all things in the heavens and on
earth. Who is there can intercede in His presence except as He permits? He knows
what is before or after or behind them. Nor shall they compass any of His
knowledge except as He wills. His Throne extends over the heavens and the earth,
and He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them for He is the Most High,
the Supreme.

(a) Main theme

This passage Was revealed after migration and it is called the leader of Surah
Baqarah. Duing its revelation it was accompanied by thousands of angels because
of its greatness and glory.The passage mainly discusses the Unity/oneness and
some of the attributes precise to Allah (swt) alone. This verse is called the "Verse
of Throne". The theme of the throne is central to this passage and it emphasizes
how He is the only one who can make decisions about His creation, as He has
knowledge over all the things, both of the manifest and of the hidden.Quran says:
"It is He who knows what is open in speech and what you hide (in your hearts)".
(21:110) This also tells that, It is He alone who maintains and sustains heavens
and earth and everything contained therein, and while doing so, He neither
requires rest nor He ever tires or feels exhausted like human being, as He is
different to humans.

(b) Importance of the Passage

The Passage holds great significance in our lives, as it presents the themes of
Allah’s self subsistence in a way that; it establishes the concept of Lord that He is
not like other being who sleeps, eats or acts like human being. So, we must
always proclaim the Unity of Allah(Swt) and should not associate any creature in
His attributes. This also makes us realise that all powers & knowledge belong to
Allah (swt) only, so turn only towards Him for help & support in daily lives. The
passage is also used as a prayer for protection and was said by the Prophet (saw)
to be one of the best passages of the Qur'an, so Muslims might recite it daily for
protection. The Prophet (saw) also said:
"The one who recites “Ayat ul Kursi" after the obligatory prayers, then death will
be the only thing preventing him from entering Paradise".

PARAGRAPH NO.2
(2) Surah Anam(6.101-103)
■ Translation . 1O1
.Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth: how can He have a son
When he has no Wife? He created all things. and He has full knowledge of all
things. 102.That is Allah, your Lord! there is no god but He, the Creator of all
things: then worship Him and He has power to dispose of all affairs. 103. No vision
can grasp Him, but His grasp is Over all vision: He is above all comprehension, yet
is acquainted with all things.

(al Main theme

The main theme of this passage is Allah in Himself, and it primarily talks about
Allah's power, His absolute unity and knowledge over all the universes. He is the
only one to control the heavens and the earth and alone is worthy of being
worshipped. The passage also negates the faith of those who believe that Allah
(swt) has family members like other human being.As Quran says in Surah Ikhlas;
"He begets not, nor is He begotten and there is none equal to Him ". It further
explains His unique attributes that, He is not perceivable and Human mind cannot
comprehend His entity as He is invisible to physical eye.

(b)Importance of the Passage

These teachings emphasize the importance of taw-heed for Muslims as it
explains Allah's (SWT) immense power & unlimited knowledge. and that only He
can fulfil their needs.Therefore, it demands them to demonstrate their firm belief
by bowing down before Him in all submission and worship like the other
creations. His monitoring over all creatures also gives them a lesson to keep a
check on their actions if they are in accordance with divine Commands. The
passage negates any form of Shirk by any of their action of daily life, as there is a
lot of glamour and distraction in the world, which remind Muslims that they
should always remember their Creator and He should be regarded Eternal and be
truly worshipped alone.

PARAGRAPH NO.3
(3) Surah Fussilat (41.37)
■ Translation 37
Among His Signs are the night and the day, and the sun and the moon. Adore not
the sun and the moon, but adore Allah, who Created them. if it is Him you wish to
serve .

(a)Main theme
This passage particularly speaks about Allah (swt) as creator: as He creates and
controls everything. As Quran says; " is He who has created seven heavens one
above another. No oddness can you see in the creation of the Most Beneficent".
(10:5) The heavenly bodies like sun, moon and stars etc. and arrival of day and
night are marks of Allah (Swt) for humankind and being His creation, they have no
authority or power on their own and they work under the supervision of Almighty
Allah. The passage also describes that, man’s vision and perception are limited, he
adores the Sun and Moon and other natural phenomena (like pagans), but refuses
to recognize the glory of the Supreme Lord of the Universe, Only He should be
worshipped; no-one is equal to Him.

(b) Importance of the Passage

The passage plays an important role in our lives, as it creates a strong link
between us and Allah (swt) by telling that, all sources and objects in the universe
are under the supreme control of Allah (swt), they can never benefit or harm the
humankind until Allah (swt)wishes, as "the knife did not harm Hazrat Ismail (AS)
when his father tried to sacrifice him," Believers are bound to worship Allah (swt)
alone in order to appreciate His Creative power, and it is unlawful to prostrate
before anything/anyone else besides Allah (swt). Moreover, the signs of Allah
(swt) invite Muslims to get closer to Allah (swt), inspiring with His creation. so
Muslims can find marks of His existence in the world around them which should
help them to create fear of Allah (swt) and abolish fear of worldly status etc.

CHAPTER NO. 2
THE HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF THE HOLY QURAN
COMPILATION OF THE QURAN
,★ During the life of Prophet (PBUH):
Quran was sent down in parts to Holy Prophet (PBUH ) over a period of 23 years.
Prophet (Pbuh) encourage his companions to memorize it.Prophet(PBUH) also
dictate to the companions who record it on different things like piece of
leather ,leaves date and skin and even on bones. Hazrat Anas reported "The
Quran was collected in the life time of Prophet (PBUH) by four men all of whom
were from Ansar: Ubay bin Kaab, Maudh bin Jabal ,Abu Zayd and Zayd bin Thabit"
(Sahi Bukhari).

★ During the Caliphate of Hazrat AbuBakr:

After the death of Holy Prophet (PBUH) Battle of Yamama was fought against
Musailima kazzab (False prophet) More then 300 Memorisers died in this battle.
This struck Hazrat Umar(RA) and he immediately approach to the Caliph Hazrat
Abu Bakr (RA).Hazrat Umar pressed the idea that Quran should be in the book
form so that it could be save for the future generation Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was
reluctant first because Holy Prophet (PBUH) did not suggest any such practice in
his lifetime However, the continuous effort of Hazrat Umar(RA) made it
possible.Hazrat AbuBakr (RA) give the responsibility of Compilation to the Ansar
scribe Zaid bin Thabit. ● Hazrat Zaid's replied that "If he had been asked to
remove a mountain from its original site, and place it elsewhere He would have
considered it easier than the task of compiling the Holy Quran"However, he
agreed later, He collected the material from Palm leaves, leather, stones,
Memorisers e.t.c The copy was made after hard labor and given to Abubakr
(RA).Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was himself a memorizer, so after checking the
compilation of Hazrat Zaid, He kept the approved copy in his custody. ■ He gave
the sacred compilation the name of Mashaf. After death of Caliph the copy was
transfer to the Second caliph Hazrat Umar, then after death of Hazrat Umar it was
transfer to his daughter Hazrat Hafsah The final name of this copy was Mashaf e
Hafsah.

★ Compilation Under the Rule Of Hazrat Uthman(RA):

Muslims state expand in the rule of Hazrat Umar (RA) and their were many new
converts.Than Usman(RA) became the caliph and he also expanded the Rashidun
Caliphate Massively.At that time The companions used to recite Quran in seven
different dialects.They taught their dialects to the new converts.Different dialects
create conflicts in newly conquered areas.Hazrat Huzaifa and Hazrat Anas Ibn
Malik noticing conflicts, reported the caliph Hazrat Uthman to take immediate
Action ● Hazrat 'Uthman re appoint Zaid bin Thabit along with leading group of
Muslims PAGE 24 rafay yaseen who were Hazrat Abdullah bin Zubair,Saad bin Al
Aas and Abdul Rehman bin Harith ■ Zaid bin Thabit made a new copy in the
dialect of Quraish.The Sequence was also changed i.e. Surah fatiha to Surah Nas.
The previous copies were burnt and new copies were send to different provinces
like Makkah, Yemen Bahrain syria egypt e.t.c ■ Hazrat Uthman is also known as
Jami-ul-Quran. .
CHAPTER NO.3
THE LIFE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE HOLY PROPHET
MUHAMMAD (PEACE BE UPON HIM).
LIFE IN MAKKAH (EVENTS LED UP TO 1ST REVEALATION)
BIRTH :
● He was born in 570 AD.
● That year was known as the year of elephant Yemeni king Abraha attacked
kaaba with an army of elephants.
● He was defeated by Allah.
●This event is also mention in Surah Al-fil.
● After this event the goodwill and reputation of Quraish increased highly all over
Arabia.
● They were known as the people of Allah.
● Allah show this miracle because he was sending his most beloved prophet in
that year to made that year more remarkable.
● On Monday 12 Rabi-ul -Awal Bibi Aminah gave birth to Prophet (PBUH).
●His name was chosen Muhammad by his grandfather Abdul Mutalib.

UPBRINGING BY HALIMA SADIA :

● Arab culture was that , they use to send their infants in villages of Arabia to
make them learn fluent Arabic and to grow them in tough environment to
strengthen their physique.
● Infants were brought after fosterage and massive amount was paid by their
parents.
● In 570 AD 10 women of Banu Saad came to mecca for the sake of infants.
 ● Halima sadia was also included in those 10 women all the 9 women arrived on
time and she came last due to weak camel.
● Before her arrival all nurses took their infants with them and nobody took
Muhammad (PBUH) because he was an orphan so handsome amount was not
expected.
● When she arrived no infant was left except Muhammad (PBUH)
● She was told that this boy is an orphan.On this Halima said to her husband "By
the will of Allah I will not return empty hands I will go to the orphan house and
will take him to mine"
● Harith replied "let us do this Allah might give us blessings".
● Permission was as also given by Aminah and Abdul Mutalib.
● On their departure from mecca every thing started to changTheir she camel
suddenly became very efficient that she left all transport behind.
■ Their she camel and sheep started giving plenty of milk who were very weak.
■ Their house was filled with brightness ,garden was filled with greenery and
plant started to give unlimited fruits and dates.
● Than 2 years passed and they took him to mecca.
● Halima requested Bibi Aminah and Abdul Mutalib to give her the permission of
keeping this child for more time period.Permission was given.
● Once a while grazing goats he was playing with his suckling brothers and
sisters.All rushed quickly to Halima and said something had happened to
Muhammad. .Halima in extreme fear ran to him and found him in extreme shock.
■ On inquiry he said I was visited by 2 men attired in white one asked the another
is he the one?other said yes he is the one than they grabbed me and make me lie
on the ground they cut my chest and were looking for something eventually they
found it and threw it and than they left.
■ They also register the Mark of an Apple below his shoulder blade.
● After this event he was send back to her mother.
 ■ Later he explained that these two men were Angel Jibril and Angel Michael and
the thing they threw was satanic beak which lies in everyone's chest.
■ He also told about the apple mark which Represent the Seal of Prophecy.
● Prophet had a great respect for her mother Halima sadia whenever she came to
met him he use to stand up in respect and also spread his cloak on the floor.

★ My Upbringing was done by Abu Talib:

● Muhammad (PBUH)was returned to live with his mother in Mecca when he was
about 3.6 years old.
● Three years later Aminah decided to take her son to visit his uncles in Yathrib.
● On their way back to Mecca however Aminah became ill and died.
● She was buried in the village at al-Abwa not far from Yathrib.
● Muhammad (PBUH) returned sadly to Mecca with his mother's maid. He was
now six years old and had lost both his father and mother.
● He was then adopted by his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib who loved him dearly
and kept him by his side.
● Two years later 'Abd al-Muttalib became ill and Muhammad (PBUH) stayed by
him constantly.
● Abd al-Muttalib told his son, Abu Talib, to adopt Muhammad (PBUH) after his
death, which he did.
● Abu Talib had many children of his own, but Muhammad (PBUH) immediately
became part of his family and the favorite child.

★ MEETING WITH BAHIRA:

● In 585 AD the time came for Quraish to prepare a trade caravan for syria.
● Abu Talib was also the part of caravan. ● He took prophet (PBUH)with him.
● It was the first journey of prophet towards syria.
● After travelling many days they reach to a market place where Romans used to
come for trade.
● Near that market place a christian monk use to live in Bahria.
● He has great knowledge of ancient manuscripts and scriptures.
◆ This event is reported in jamia tirmizi 3620.
■ When Bahria saw the caravan he was surprised because the cloud was following
it.
■ He was even more amazed when he saw, that cloud was giving shelter to one
of the travellers.
● He realised that the last prophet has to come after jesus and may be he has
come.
● His last wish was to meet the prophet.
● He invited quraish for dinner.
● Quraish were astonished but they attended the feast.
● Before eating dinner bahira confirmed that every one is present?
● He was told that a little boy is left outside to look after the camels.
● After his request little boy also join them in meal.
● The little boy was prophet (PBUH).
■ Bahira noticed him during the meal and his description matched with
description of ancient scriptures. ● After meal he took him aside and asked so
many questions
■ He tried to make him swore by the name of idols but he refused by saying
"there is nothing ìn the world that i hate the most"
■ After this monk gathered all the Quraish and said this boy is not a normal child
he is the special child and last messanger of God.
■ On their inquiry Bahira said " when he came over the hill every tree and stone
bow down in prostration and they only prostrate in front of prophets I also
recognise him by the seal of prophecy like an apple PAGE 42 rafay yaseen sign
below his shoulder blade"
● Bahira took prophet's uncle Abu Talib aside and warned him that if Jews and
people of rome found out this signs they will definitely kill your nephew so it is
better for you to sent him back to mecca.
● Abu Talib became very worried and sent prophet back to mecca with 2 mens
Abubakr and Bilal.
● On return " Bahira gifted prophet (PBUH) the olive oil and "kak" bread.

★ HARB-UL -FAJAAR WARS:

● During the year 580-590 The sacrilegious war started between banu Kinana and
banu Hawazain.
● Which means fighting in those months in which fight was forbidden.
● The war started because Baraz was a man from Banu Kinana who killed a man
of Taif who belong to Banu Hawazain.
● This took place in the famous fair of Ukaz.
● Baraz ran away towards Kaaba and people of Hawazain chased him
● He took refuge in Kaaba.
● Next day the custodian of Kaaba Banu Hashim arrived and they were told about
this matter. Hashmis and The leader of Quraish Harb bin Ummaya supported
Banu Kinana's man Due to their alliance Prophet's uncle Abu Talib also
participated in this battle and He helped his uncle by giving arrows.

★ HALF-UL -FADHUL:
● In 590AD Zubaidi a poor slave was deceived by his master Aas bin wail.
● Aas refused to pay the money of Zubaidi.
● Zubaidi appealed for help.
● Quraish supported him and give his right back.
● After this event Quraish people such as Abu Talib ,Abdullah Bin Jadan and many
others decided to help the poor , oppressed and aggrieved peoples of the society.
 ● They took this oath in Abdullah Bin Jadan's house which is known as Half ul
fadhul.
● Prophet (PBUH) also witnessed this oath
◆ Later he use to say "I would not exchange for the choicest camels in all Arabia
due to remembrance of present in that oath"

★ MARRIAGE WITH HAZRAT KHATIJA:

● Khatija was a noble woman of mecca and she was respected by whole mecca.
● She was a rich women because of her large scale business but she was a widow
twiced.
● She was looking for a person who can run and manage her business honestly.
● On various inquiries she came to know about Muhammad (PBUH).
● The reputation and good will of Muhammad (PBUH) was very high in whole
mecca because he was known as Al Sadiq(truthful) and Al Amin(trustworthy).
● On hearing this reputation Khatija was very pleased and sent an invitation to
him and asked him to take her caravan to Syria for trade.
● Muhammad (PBUH) accepted the invitation and left for Syria with her slave
Maysarah.
● The journey started and soon Maysarah realised that Muhammad (PBUH)is
very different from other men of Quraish.
● He was even more astonished when an unbelievable event happened during
the journey at noon time.
■ He was riding behind Prophet (PBUH) and the sun became more hotter and he
suddenly saw two angels shading Prophet (PBUH) from the harmful rays of sun.
● After reaching to the destination, trade was very successful and they earn
massive profit which they had never earn before.
● Prophet (PBUH) sold each and every thing by saying truth.
● After a successful trade they returned back to Makkah.
● Maysarah told each and every thing about their journey and Prophet (PBUH) to
Khatija. Khatija was very impressed and sent a marriage proposal to Muhammad
(PBUH) through her friend Nafisa.
● He become very happy and accepted the proposal.
● He went with his uncle Abu Talib and Hamza to Khatija's uncle to take his
permisson.
● The permisson was granted by her uncle.
● Muhammad (PBUH) was 25 years old and Khatia was 40 years old.
● In 595 AD the couple married joyfully and happily.
● They were blessed with 6 childrens (4 daughters and 2 sons). PAGE 44 rafay
yaseen

PLACING IF BLACK STONE:

● In 605 AD whole kaaba was flooded and got badly damaged.
● Quraish decided to rebuilt the kaaba after demolishing it.
● They were worried because Allah might become angry if they demolish his
sanctuary.
● They were also frighten as they remember the year of elephant in which
Yemeni king Abraha was destroyed by Allah because he came mecca to destroy
Kaaba.
● After a heavy debate Quraish tarted to rebuild it and others started to follow
them.
● After a hard labour they reached to the first foundation which was made by
Prophet Abraham.
● When they remove the stones of that foundation suddenly whole Makkah
started to shake.
● As a reminder by Allah to them they left the stones where they were.
● They started construction over the top of the sacred stones.
● After many days of work they reach to a place where black stone was to be
placed.
● Than the discussion started about luckiest person who will place the black
stone.
● Almost discussion was turning into a major conflict but an old man Ummayah
Bin Mughaira adviced wisely that tomorrow morning who will enter the kaaba
first will decide the matter for us.
● They all were agreed next day Muhammad (PBUH) was the first one to enter
kaaba
■ Muhammad (PBUH) ordered them to bring a cloak and spread it on to the floor
they followed it quickly. ● Than he put a black stone on the centre of the cloak.
● He asked each tribal chief to hold one one edge of the cloak and raise it to the
top where 1 foundation was located.
■ Than he placed the black stone.
● This event shows how respectful personality Muhammad (PBUH) was in mecca
and how wisely he maintained peace among meccans. .

LIFE IN MADINAH(1ST AH TO 3RD AH)

EVENTS FOLLOWING MIGRATION TO MADINAH:
Migration to Yathrib marks a new chapter in the history of Islam as well as in the
life of the Prophet Muhammad (saw). Muslims had found an asylum and a
stronghold, where they were free to practice their religion and to defend it from
enemy's assaults.The Prophet (saw) arrived in Madinah on Friday, 12th Rabi-ul-Al-
Awwal 1 A.H/ 622 AD and took the downstairs of Hazrat Abu Ayyub's (RA) house
as a temporary residence. At that time Yathrib was divided between idol
worshippers (Aus and Khizraj) and the Jews(Banu Qainuqa, Banu Nadhir and Banu
Quraidha)

★Change Of City Name:(1ST AH)

The name of Yathrib was changed by Prophet(saw).The new name was
MADINAHTUN-NABI(city of the Prophet)

★Leadership:(1ST AH)
Before the arrival of Prophet Muhammad(pbuh) the people of Madinah were
choosing Abdullah Bin Ubai as their leader but after his arrival he was made the
new crown prince of Madinah.

★Construction of the Mosque (1STA.H):

The first task to which the Prophet (saw) attended on his arrival in Madinah was
the construction of a Mosque, in the very site where his camel knelt down first.
Prophet(saw) himself contributed to building the Mosque by carrying bricks and
stones while reciting verses “O Allah!no enjoyment is there but that of the
Hereafter,I request you to forgive the Emigrants and Helpers” The Mosque was
not merely a center to perform prayers, but rather an Educational
University,Parlementary House and the Head Quarter of Muslims.

★Introduction of Azan (1 A.H)

After the construction of the mosque, the issue came up of how to call the people
to Prayer. Some people suggested the use of horn like the Jews used. Others
thought a bell like the Christians used but In the end, the Prophet (saw) wasn't
satisfied. Then Allah (swt) sent a dream to one of the companions of the Prophet
(saw), Abdullah bin zaid.In it, he saw a man in green robes who recited some
beautiful verses to him. When he went to the Prophet (saw) and told him what he
dreamt, the Prophet (saw) declared that the dream was a true one from Allah
(swt). So the Prophet (saw) asked him to teach the words to Hazrat Bilal (RA), for
he had a beautiful and loud voice. Then, when Hazrat Bilal called out these words
for the next Salat, everyone came running from all quarters to find out what was
going on.Hazrat Umar (RA) rushed to the Prophet (saw) and announced that he
heard the exact same words in a dream the night before From then on, Azan has
been the way Muslims call each other to Salat.

★Brotherhood between Emigrants & Helpers: (1st AH)

 The Prophet (saw) next turned his attention to establishing the ties of mutual
brotherhood amongst the Muslims of Madinah, i.e. Ansar (the Helpers) "Native
Muslims of the city" and Muhajireen (the Emigrants) "those who escaped
Makkah". The emigrants had lost all their belongings, as everything was
confiscated from them in Mecca. They were almost destitute and needed help.
Therefore, after 5 months of migration the Prophet (saw) gathered around 90
Muslims (45 Muhajireen & 45 Ansars) at The house of Hazrat Anas bin Malik (RA)
and paired each of the Emigrants with a Helper, creating brotherhood
■ Abubakr the brother of Kharja bin zaid
■ Umar the brother of Utban bin malik
■ Uthman the brother of Aus bin sabit The Ansars happily responded to the call
and soon every poor Muslim from Makkah was given the means to earn a
livelihood. According to this Muslim brotherhood, the hosts shared half of their
properties, businesses,houses,gardens and all what they had with the Emigrants.
◆ For example, Hazrat Saad bin Rabi (RA), a Helper, said to his fellow brother
Hazrat Abdur Rahman bin Awf (RA), "I am the richest man amongst the Helpers. I
am glad to share my property half and half with you. I have two wives, I am ready
to divorce one and after the expiry of her iddah you may marry her"But Hazrat
Abdul Rehman bin Auf (RA) refused to accept any offer and preferred establishing
own business.Both were also authorized for the inheritance of each other but
later on this was abrogated by Allah.As quran says "But associated by blood are
nearer to one another regarding inheritance." (8:75) The Holy Qur'an also praises
the excellence of those who emigrated and those who helped their brothers.
◆ The Quran says"Those who believe, emigrate, struggle in Allah's way and those
Who give shelter and help they indeed are the true believers. For them will be
forgiveness and honorable provision." (8:74)
◆The Holy Prophet (saw) also loved Ansar from the depth of his heart. He said;
"Ansars are mine and I am theirs". When some Ansars felt that they were not
receiving due share in the booty of a war, the Prophet (saw) consoled them
saying; "Do you not like that people recieve camels, goats, gold and silver and you
get the Prophet (saw) [on your side]". He also said; "He who believed in the
hereafter could never be an enemy to Ansar". In short, this policy of mutual
brotherhood was so wise and timely that many problems were resolved
wonderfully reasonably.

★THE CHARTER / TREATY OF MADINAH

When everyone agreed that the Prophet (saw) was going to be the new leader in
the city. One of the first things the Prophet did upon entering the city was to
make a treaty of peace between the Muslims and the jewish tribes to secure the
internal peace of the new state. He summoned the leaders of the Jews and told
themtold them, "We live in one city.Therefore,we are one community,We should
live in peace and help each other" The Jews accepted the idea and an agreemnent
was signed between the Jews of Madinah And Prophet(pbuh) The main points of
the treaty were as follows:
● Muslims and Jews were declared one political nation and the valley of Madinah
would be filled with peace
● No group can declare war against an outside enemy without the permission of
the Prophet(pbuh)
● In case of a war, the Jews and the Muslims would help each other and they will
also share the expenses of the battles.
● Jews and Muslims will respect each other 's way of life.
● In case of the payment of the blood money, both parties will share each other,
While the ransom amount will be paid separately for prisoners.
● Neither the Quraish nor their allies shall be given any protection.
● No Muslim will assassinate another Muslim on behalf of an infidel, nor will he
help PAGE 68 rafay yaseen a non-Muslim against a Muslim.
● Whosoever kills a Muslim intentionally shall be strike back against, unless the
victim s family agrees to accept blood money.
● If any Jew becomes a Muslim, he is equal to other Muslims and will not be
harmed.
● Both the parties are allowed to practice their religion freely
● Whoever is rebellious or whoever seeks to spread hate, the hand of every
Godfearing Muslim shall be against him, even if he be his son.
● Whenever you differ about a matter, it must be referred to Allah and to the
Prophet (saw).
◆ This treaty shall not protect the unjust or the criminal. Whoever goes out to
fight as well as whoever stays at home shall be safe and secure in this city unless
he has performed an injustice or committed a crime “Allah is the protector of
good and Godfearing people.”

★The change of Qiblah (2ndA.H)

In the month of Shaban 2 A.H, the order came from Allah (swt) that Muslims
should No longer pray towards Masjid al-Aqsa (jerasulem), as they had been
doing after migration, but instead should pray towards the Kaabah. As Quran says
in Surah Baqarah; " So from wherever you go out for prayer, [O Muhammad] turn
your face towards Masjid al-Haram, and indeed, it is the truth from your Lord....
(2:149)" The actual verses revealed during Zuhr prayer at a mosque in Madinah.
Later the Mosque came to be known as Masjid-ul-Qiblatain / Masjid of two
Qiblas.

★The Fast of Ramadan: (2ndA.H)

Fasting in the month of Ramadan was made obligatory in the 2th year of hijra
with the revelation of Surah Baqarah verse 183. "O Believers Fasting has been
prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you so that you guard
against sins”

★Obligation of Zakat:(2nd AH)

Zakat/Almsgiving was also prescribed at approximately the same time with the
verse of Surah Taubah "Take, 0, Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by
which you purify them and cause them increase".. (9:103

★Prohibation of Riba:(2nd AH)

The rules of Riba were also sent down in the following verse of Surah Baqarah
"They say trade is just like interest but Allah has permitted trade and has
forbidden Interest"(2:275)

THE BATTLE OF BADR:

◆ (Ramadan 2 A.H)
★Causes: When the Muslims left Makkah, during the migration, the property and
valuables they Left behind were seized by the Makkans and confiscated Abdullah
bin Ubai brought this news to provoke the emigrants for revenge. Muslims
wanted to take revenge from Quraysh the Holy Prophet (saw) received divine
instruction giving the muslims permission to wage war: “ permission to fight is
given to those (i.e believer's against those disbelievers) , who fight because they
(believers) have been wronged”Meanwhile, the Prophet (saw) received news of a
caravan led by Abu Sufyan, consisted on 1000 camels, loaded with goods and
arms travelling to Makkah from Syria. The Prophet (Saw) thought that this might
be a way to pay back the Makkans for all the sufferings they inflicted on the
muslims and he posted two men near the caravan route to keep Watch.However,
some hypocrites told Abu Sufyan and he changed his route, sending an Urgent
request for help to Makkah. The messenger (Zamzam Ghifari) raised a loud Cry
and literally Vibrated the whole city. Soon an army of 1300 fighters with 700
camels, 200 horses, and female singers who were fully equipped and armed,
marched out from Makkah. When this army was around eighty miles away from
Madinah, they learnt that the caravan of Abu Sufyan was safe. On hearing this,
300 soldiers returned to Makkah but Abu Jahl Along with 1000 kept on marching
towards Madinah.
★Events:
When the Prophet (saw) was informed about this army, he also led a small
contingent of 313 towards Badr.They were ill equipped for the battle and had only
70 camels and 2 horses.The night before the battle, they spent in preparing for
the battle and in prayers. TheProphet (saw) also prostrated himself and
repeatedly begged Allah (swt) for the victory of the Muslims, saying; "0 Allah! If
this small band perishes today there will be no one in the land to worship
you"The same night it rained on both sides. For the Makkans it blocked further
progress,whereas it was a blessing for the Muslims as it strengthened their hearts
as Allah says in Surah Anfa l" Remember when he made the slumber fall upon you
as a reassurance from him and sent down the water from sky upon you in order
to purify you...(8:11)In the morning both armies came face to face. The single
combat took place between the warriors of quraysh and Muslims Utba,Shiba and
waleed came from the side of quraysh for the single combat Hamza,Abu ubaidah
bin harith and Ali(RAH) accepted their proposal.
◆ Ali killed waleed
◆ Hamza killed shiba
◆ Abu ubaidah was badly wounded by utba but on the right time Hamza(ra) killed
him In single combat muslims were superior Soon the general fighting began and
the two armies collided together, it was the 17" of Ramadan in the year of 624
A.D. the Muslims responded to the Makkans attack with unmatched bravery and
determination The Quraysh army started to retreat.
● Bilal (RA), who was fighting off a group of unbelievers, saw his old enemy,
Ummayah bin Khalaf. He charged straight towards him and killed him.
● The two brothers Ma 'az and Mu'awwiz (RA) engaged Abu Jahal in combat and
struck him down from his horse. Hazrat Abdullah bin Masood (RA) found him on
the edge of death breathing his last. He stepped on his neck and cut off his head.
● On the day of Badr, the sword of Hazrat Ukashah (RA) broke down so the
Prophet (saw) gave him a piece of wood which immediately turned into a long
strong white sword.
● Allah (swt) also sent angels to the battle field to make the Muslims feel stronger
and the idol worshippers feel weak and scared. Quran states this in Surah Anfal
"Remember When you sought help of your lord and he answered you saying: I will
help you with a thousands of Angels,rank on rank"(8:9) Eventually, when Abu Jahl
and other 24 Quraish leaders were killed, they retreated From the battle field,
leaving their belongings and weapons there and the muslims were emerged
victorious.

★Outcome of the Battle:

 ● The Muslims returned Madinah victorious . ● The Quraish left behind 70 dead
and 70 prisoners,14 Muslims were martyred. ● Some Prisoners were ransomed
and some were allowed to go free after teaching 10 Muslims to read and write
And those who were too poor to ransom themselves were set free without any
payment ● The Muslims also buried the Dead Makkans right there and collected
the Heavy quantity of booty (114 camels, 15 horses and a large amount of
clothes, and armoury)

◆Effects/ importance of the Battle of Badr:

■ This battle was the first battle between Islam and polytheism. Its results made
the polytheists and Jews of Madinah realize that Muslims had become a force to
be counted with.
■ The defeat of the Quraish greatly affected their influence in Arabia.
■ The victory of the Muslims increased their faith and power and in this way
Allah (swt) trained them for future struggle.
■ In Madinah the apostleship of the Holy Prophet (saw) was confirmed, as only
Allah's hand could have held back such a strong force of the pagans of Makkah.

THE BATTLE OF UHAD:(3AH)

★Causes :
After the heavy loss in Badr the reputation and good will of quraysh was badly
damaged in whole Arabia The Quraysh wanted to restore their pride They raised
an army of 3000 under the leadership of Abu sufyan The army was well equipped
and trained Khalid bin walid and Ikramah bin Abi Jahl also joined the force
Famous Abbysinian lancer Wahshi also joined the army and he was given the task
by Hinda(to kill the Uncle of Prophet(pbuh) Hamza in return of heavy gold
Jewelleries because Hinda father utba and uncle shiba were killed by Hamza bin
Mutallib(RA) Quraysh started to march towards Uhad.

★Muslims Preparation:
 When Muslims got the news Prophet (pbuh)gathered all the companions for
making War Strategies Prophet(pbuh) suggested that muslims should stay inside
the city and defend madinah,Abdullah bin Ubai also supported his opinion On the
other hand majority of Companions wanted to go out of Madinah to deal with the
enemies Prophet(pbuh) accepted the suggestion and it was decided that enemies
should be resisted outside Madinah at Uhad.

★March Towards Uhad:

Muslims were 1000 in number and they started to march towards Uhad On the
way Abdullah bin Ubai deserted Prophet(pbuh) with his 300 followers because of
his advice was not accepted by Prophet(pbuh) Now muslims were 700 in number
Quran also refer about Hypocrates. "There are those among who (apparently)
listen to you, but we have put covering on their hearts, so they do not understand
and heaviness in their ears.."(6:25)

★Events:
◆ Prophet(pbuh) knew that muslims will face heavy losses in this battle and it will
be very tough trial for them because before the battle of Uhad He saw a Dream in
which he saw a slaughtered cow bleeding too much from this he interpereted that
many muslims will be martyred in this battle(Sahi bukhari 4081) Both the army
arrived at Uhad Prophet(pbuh) appointed 50 archres under the command of
Abdullah bin Jubair on a hill to guard a narrow pass through which the enemy
might try to attack The Archers were instructed that"They would not leave their
positions even if they see birds tearing away the flesh of Muslims" The battle
started with a single combat
■ Ali(RA) killed Talha bin Abi Talha
■ Hamza(RA) killed Usman bin Abi Talha Muslims won the single combat and
general fight started between the both groups The muslims fought very bravely
and aggressively which forced the Quraysh army to retreat Their warriors started
to escape the battle field leaving a huge amount of booty.
● When the Archers saw this huge booty they forgoted the Prophet(pbuh)
Instructions and 35 archers out of 50 left the hill and went down to collect booty
Quraysh had kept their reserved cavalry below the hill side under the command
of Khalid bin Walid
● Khalid was disparetly looking for opportunity and when he found it he made an
advance attack on muslims through the hill side killing all the 15 archers along
with their leader Abdullah bin Jubair Now muslims were attacked from the both
front and back side as quraysh retreated force also charged forward. This created
a panic situation among the muslims that friendly fire was activated among them
as many muslims were killed by their fellow muslims brothers while defending
themselves from the both sides
*In this critical situation wshshi got the chance and he killed Hamza(ra) with his
lance
■ Musab bin umair was also killed by Quraysh
■ Prophet(pbuh) was defended by only 12 companions out of 700 Quraysh
started to pelt stones and arrows on the camp of prophet(pbuh) Companions like
Talha(ra) and Zubair(ra) tried to protect Prophet(pbuhl but they also got badly
Injured Prophet(pbuh) four teeths were broken and he was badly wounded by
Quraysh that he fell down and got unconscious:The rumour was spread that
prophet (pbuh) has been killed. this demotivated the muslim army and they
started to surrender Quraysh became very happy and they started celebration
Soon Prophet(pbuh) got recover and he reunited muslims on the hill of Uhad
When quraysh came to know that Muhammad(pbuh) is alive they were shocked
Khalid bin walid wanted to climbed up on the hill with his armed cavalry but Abu
Sufyan stopped him because he was satisfied On returning Abu sufyan said to
Muslims"This is the revenge for the day of Badr" Prophet(pbuh) sent 70
companions to follow the Quraysh army as he had a fear that quraysh can again
counter attack muslims.

★Outcomes:
● 70 muslims were martyred ● 30 enemies were killed ● Prophet(pbuh) was very
grieved as his beloved uncle and Army chief of Muslims Hamza(RA) was martyred
● Prophet's best friend musab bin umair was also martyred. ● Allah strictly
highlighted the mistakes made by Muslims in Surah Imran and also forgived the
Muslims. ◆ Effects/importance of the Battle of Uhad: ● Muslims came to realize
that keeping faith in Allah and obeying the commands Of the Prophet (saw) were
the only way to success. ● The hypocrites were fully exposed. ● After Badr, many
Arab tribes were afraid to face the Muslims. Now they also gained courage and
stood up against Muslims. ● If Badr had enhanced the confidence of Muslims,
Uhad sobered and chastened The faith. It taught Muslims that the inherent Arab
love of booty was less important than the Holy Prophet (saw)'s orders.

CHAPTER NO 4
THE FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY
TWO BLESSED COMPANIONS
HAZRAT ABU BAKAR (R A)
■Hazrat Abdur Rahman ibn Awf(RA) reported: The Messenger of Allah (saw) said,
"Abu Bakr is in Paradise, Umar is in Paradise, Usman is in Paradise, Ali is in
Paradise,Talha is in Paradise, Zubair is in Paradise, Abdur Rahman ibn Awf is in
Paradise, Saad is in Paradise, Saeed is in Paradise, and Abu Ubaida is in Paradise.
●[Source: " Jami Tirmidhi 3747."] 1)
Hazrat AbuBakr Abu Bakr(R.A) was born in 573 A.D in Makkah. He belonged to a
respectable and noble family of Banu Tamim .His pre-Islamic name was Abdul
kabah which was later changed into Abdullah by Prophet (PBUH) Even before
islam, he did not like most of the customs of the days of ignorance. He was the
Prophet's friend since childhood. He was the first Adult free man to accept Islam.
He accepted the faith without any signs of hesitation.
● Many early Muslims coverts accepted Islam on his invitation. Amongst them
were Uthman bin Affan, Talha, Zubair., Uthman ibn Mazun, Abu Ubaidah, Abdur
Rehman bin Auf and Arkam [RAH] e.t.c
● He also bought many slaves who were persecuted by their masters; Hazrat Bilal,
Hazrat Abu Fakih, Hazrat Abu Fuhayra (RAH) and many more are the example.
● He also bear persecution for his faith. Once when Uqba bin Muit tried to
strangle Prophet(saw) He intervene To rescue and said "Do you want to kill a
person who only says My Lord Is Allah"(one and the only) On this meccans beaten
him so badly that he became Unconscious He used to help the poor and the
needy . Prophet (PBUH) said " The most compassionate member of my people
towards my people is AbuBakr" When Prophet (PBUH) narrated the experience of
Mairaj , Abu Bakr (R.A) PAGE 104 rafay yaseen did not hesitate for a moment to
believe in him On this occasion Prophet (PBUH) awarded him the title of "Al-
Siddiq" He also accompanied Prophet (PBUH) in migration towards Madinah. They
both stayed in the cave for 3 days and night
● This event is also mention in Quran "When the disbelievers drove him out ; he
had no more then one companion. They were two in the cave and he said to his
companion "Have no fear for Allah is with us"He participated n All battlesIn Badr
he body-guarded ProphetPBUH) In Uhad he was the first one to return to the hill.
In battle of Hunian he called the Muslims back to fight as they fled from the battle
field. He supported Prophet (PBUH) at the time of treaty of Hudaibya. When
Umar(RA) objected the terms of the treaty of Hudabiya he supported
Prophet(saw) and he also silenced Hazrat Umer He donated all of his worldly
wealth in Battle of Tabuk On this Hazrat Umar said "None can surpass Abu Bakr in
the good deeds"Prophet (PBUH) also married his daughter Hazrat Aisha (RA) He
was appointed as the first Amir-al hajij in the 9th year of Hijra. When Prophet
(PBUH) was ill, he appointed Abu Bakr (R.A) to lead the prayers.He calmed the
faithful on Prophet (PBUH's) death and was chosen as a first Caliph of Islam.He
served for two years and passed away in 13 A.H, 634 A.D

HAZRAT UMAR FAROOQ (R A)

Umar Bin Khattab was born in 582 AD and belonged to the tribe of Banu Adi.
● He was a learned, educated and an intelligent person. In Makkah he has a
reputation of good poet and a famous wrestler.
● Prophet(saw) prayed for his conversion. He said,"O Allah help Islam with the
strength of Umar bin Khattab or Amar bin hashim".
● One day, he decided to kill Prophet(saw) but he got the information from Saad
bin Abi waqas(RA) that his sister Fatima and her husband Saeed bin Zaid have
accepted Islam. He rushed towards their house and as soon he saw Them he
started beating them. He beat them so severely that his sister was bleeding.
When he was calmed down he asked his sister to show him what she was reading
but his sister first asked him to perform Wadu. H.Fatima guided him and he read
the Quran so he could learn what is it. As he started reading the verses of Surah
Taha , He felt that verses were addressing him directly. He rushed towards Dar e
Arkam to meet Holy Prophet (PBUH). Hazrat Hamza stopped him on the door to
consult about his intentions. Prophet (PBUH) came and said "Umar how long will
you astray from the path of Islam. Has the time not come for you to see the
truth? Umar said " Verily the time has come for me to see the truth. I have come
to profess my faith in Islam"
● Then Hazrat Umer (RA) Accepted Islam His acceptance gave strength to the
Muslim community and now they were able to practise Islam openly in Kaabah
which was not allowed before .Prophet (PBUH) said."We have become powerful
since Umar has accepted Islam"(Bukhari)
● He migrated to madinah openly and announced that If anyone who wants his
children orphaned, wives widowed and parents weep should stop him from
migrating. He took part in all battles and helped Prophet(saw) in Battle of Uhad
when most muslims went back.His ties with Prophet (PBUH) were strengthened
when Prophet (PBUH) married his daughter Hazrat Hafsa (RAH)
◆ A number of revelations are related to him when he questioned about them
from Prophet (PBUH) like Prohibition of funeral prayers of hypocrites, drinking
and gambling. hijab of women, Muqame Ibrahim e.t.c That's why Prophet(saw)
said about him" In every ummah there was a Muhadithun and Umar is the
Muhadhithun of my Ummah"
● He donated half of his household for Tabuk Expedition.Prophet(PBUH) has a
deep love for Umar he said "If there was any other prophet after me , he would
have been Umar "It is also reported that Abu Bakr (RA) said to Umar " I had heard
Allah's messager saying " The sun has not risen on a better man than Umar
"( Tirmidhi) He got the Title "Farooq" the one who distinguishes between the right
and wrong. He lived a simple and a truly Islamic life after accepting Islam. He
helped the poor and needy.His clothes often had patches on them. Prophet(s)
said,"I see devil either from humans or Jin , runs away from Umar"Huzaifa(RA)
reports that Prophet (PBUH) said,"Between the tribulation and My Ummah There
is a door called Umar" The death of Prophet (PBUH) shocked him and he took out
his sword and threatened people about believing Prophet(saw) death After
Abubakr he became the second Rashidun Caliph and served muslims for 10
years(634AD-644AD) In 644 AD he was Assassinated by Abu lulu Feroz.

Paper 2

CHAPTER NO. 1
MAJOR TEACHING OF AHADITH OF PROPHET
MUHAMMAD (PEACE BE UPON HIM).
EXPLANATION OF AHADITH.

3 Ahadith
Hadith #1
Religion is sincerity." We said: To whom? The Prophet said: To Allah, his Book,
his Messenger, the leaders of the Muslims and to their common people.

Part A
 This hadith highlights about sincerity towards others.
 This sincerity is needed in the fundamental beliefs as well as towards the
leaders and the members of the community
 We also learn that we have to be sincere with Allah which means to follow
the command of Allah by performing pillars and believing in articles with
devotion.
 It also teaches us that we have to be sincere with Quran, and follow the
injunctions of this book in every aspect of life.
  We also learn that we have to obey the message of our Prophet (PBUH) as
his message is the words of Allah
 For leaders it is said "whose obeys my Commander obeys me and whose
disobeys my Commander disobeys me" (Muslim)
 Finally, we learn that we have to give respect and caring to the fellow in the
community.

Part b

 Muslims should observe the five pillars of Islam, the sincerity in performing
is valued. So we should perform them to show our love to Allah
 Example: We should take reference to the sincerity of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S)
when he was asked to sacrifice his son Ismail (A.S) for the sake of Allah.
 As for cooperating with the leader of the community, Muslims should
remember the speech of the Holy Prophet in which he said: "Help me if I am
in right, get me right if I am in the wrong"
 Similarly, sincerity towards fellows should be expressed by being kind,
polite and respectful to them. If they needed any help we should be the first
one to help them.
 We should not expect a reward against our good deed, it should be for the
sake of Allah because that is the true meaning of sincerity.

Hadith #2

None of you believes until he wants for his brother what he wants for himself.

Part a

 This Hadith motivates us to promote brotherhood in the society.

Page 2

 Muslims are bonded together with common faith. So we learn that we have
to maintain good relations with our fellow brothers.
 We learn that we have to give importance to the feelings of our brothers.
 A heart with love and care for the fellow muslim is desired of true faith &
so, genuine faith is linked with affection for the other members of the
community.
 The Prophet (PBUH) said “You can not enter paradise unless you are a
believer and you cannot be a believer until there is reciprocal love amongst
you” (Muslim)
  It also teaches us that if we will not spread the love with our brothers we can
also be deprived from our faith.

Part b

 Muslims should negate selfishness, promote spirit of sacrifice and love for
the fellow Muslims
 One should develop a sense of collective welfare and make efforts to ensure
comfort and benefits for others as much as for himself.
 Example: The brotherhood between Muhajirun and Ansar is the best
example to follow that how Ansar helped their Muhajirun brothers by
dividing everything in two halves (Sahih Bukhari & Rabi)
 True believers should not look down upon others and should not taunt them
or call them by unpleasant names.
 They are also not supposed to break ties with fellow brothers and should
take initiative in re-establishing good relations.

Hadith #3

Let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day either speak good or keep silent,
and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his neighbour,
and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generous to his guest.

Part a

 This Hadith tells us about the good deeds which can be applied in our daily
life.
 Power of speech not only a great bounty by God but also a medium of
expressing faith.
 Prophet (PBUH) said "Allah is not kind to the one who is not kind to man"
(Agreed)
 Several evils, transgression and indecencies originate from misuse of the
tongue.
 It also teaches us that we have to give respect to our guest and abstain from
backbiting when they are not there.
 Moreover it also teaches us that we have to take care of our neighbors and
help them when they need us.

Page 3

Part b
  We should always try to avoid over speaking because it will increase
problems in our life as Hazrat Ali once said “Speak little, sleep little and eat
little”
 We should always be generous to our guest, we should give up our desires to
make them happy.
 Example: A companion offered dinner to the guest of Prophet (PBUH); He
sacrificed family's hunger and offered all food to guest to avoid
Awkwardness he instruct wife to use turn off light so he can pretend he is
eating with him.
 Moreover, We should treat our neighbors with kindness and always look
upon their problems like if someone is going through a tough period we
should provide them our help in terms of meal, wealth and property.

CHAPTER NO. 2
THE HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF
HADITH
WHY HADITH WERE COMPILED ?
Why Hadith were compiled after time of
Rightly Guided Caliphs?

There was no book of compilation at that

time. The only alternative was to go to
companion and hear the tradition from
him.

During this period the companions spread

far and wide and settled in almost all
countries conquered by The Muslims.
Thus, different centers of learning arose
students were not satisfied with only one
center, because That particular
companion might have no knowledge of
all the traditions.

Moreover, it was very time consuming to

travel from Arabia to different countries,
to meet the particular companion. It was
reported that Jabir bin Abdullah travelled
from Makkah to Syria to hear a single
Hadith.

Furthermore, the four rightly guided

Caliphs were close to Prophet (PBUH).
They followed his Sunna closely. After end
of the caliphate, it became important to
compile the Prophetic Hadith so that
Future generations could use the
Prophet’s example to clarify and resolve
the questions and disputes.
After compilation one should easily
classify the Hadith that weather it is
authentic or fabricated Hadith as there
might be a possibility that some people
attribute Hadith to Prophet (PBUH) that
were never stated by him.

The newly converted at that time, needed

authentic guidance on the Islamic way of
life and wanted to follow the pattern set
by Prophet (PBUH).
The close companions of the Prophet
(PBUH) were also passing away due to
age or wars. Thus, a need of compilation
was felt even more after their demise.

In order to eliminate genuine errors in

Hadith on account of verbal narrations,
faulty memories, forgetfulness e.t.c.
Hadith needed to be compiled.
.

CHAPTER NO. 3
THE FOUR RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS
AND THEIR IMPORTANCE AS LEADERS
HAZRAT ABU BAKAR ELECTION
ELECTIONS AND APPOINTMENT
After the death of Prophet
Muhammad. in 11AH,
The atmosphere of Madasah was filled with sorrow and
grieveness
All eyes tumed to the Quarter of Syeda Ayesha
Meanwhile Hazrat Umar came in the courtyart of Masjide Nabwi
and said "whoever will say Prophet is dead I will cut his bead. I
Testify that He has just gone to Allah like moses or jesus
 Hazrat Abubakr immediately came in the mosque and went in the
house of his daughter Ayesha to see the dead body of Prophet
(PBUH) which was covered with marked blanket. He uncover his
face knelt down and kissed his forehead and then started
wheeping and said "My father and mother be sacrifice on you O
Allah's Prophet! Allah will not combine two deaths on you. You
have died the death which was written for you" (bukhari 1241)

Then he came back in the courtyard of the mosque and saw

umar Addressing the people. umar twice to sit down but he
refused
Then he climbed up on the Pulpit and recited Tashahud to divert
the people attention towards him
After this he delivered a sermon "whoever amongst you
worshipped muhammad then they must knew he is dead but
whoever worshipped Allah must knew He is alive and will never
die
Then he recited many Quranic verses such as "O prophet you
have to die and your also enemies also has to diel Surah zum 30)
Muhammad is not but a messenger. [Other] messengers have
passed on beffore him. So if he was to die or be killed, would you
turn back on your heels to unbelief? (Surah Imran 144)
After this sermon Many companions Including Umar said "By god
we thought that these verses are revealed today
Hazrat umar further added "By god when i heard Abubakr reciting
these words I was dumbfounded so that my legs would not bear
me, fell to the ground knowing that the Prophet was indeed dead
After this his funeral prayers were offered by companions in
batches for 3 days
On the other Ansars gathered at a place called Saqifa Bani Saida
(Property of Saad bin Ubadah) to discuss about the successor of
Prophet
Then finally agreed on chief of Khazraj Saad bin Ubadah
When emigrants came to know about this meeting Hazrat
Abubakr, Umar and Abu ubaidah (RAH) Rushed to saqifa bani
saida
Hazrat Abu Bakr(RA) pointed out that this matter is a concern of
All Arab not only Madinah.
He also pointed out that Ansars have differences among
themseleves while Quraish were alone the custodians of Kabaah
and could alone provide leadership
To answer Hazrat Abubakr Habib bin Mundhir from ansars rose
and said that Amirat is the right of Ansars but they could make
concessions by making two leaders one from emigrants and one
from Ansars
Hazrat Umar argued that islam stood for Unity Le One God, One
Prophet and One Quran so their should be One Amir
Hazrat Abu Ubaidah said O Ansars you were the first to help islam
do not now be the first to take steps towards the disintegration of
Islam"
Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit from Ansars said to fact the Holy Prophet
(PBUH) was among the Quraish There is considerable force in the
proposal that after him his successor should also be selected from
among the Quraish"

Thereupon AbuBaki took the stage and said "You may choose out
of these two. Hazrat Umar and Hazrat Abu Ubaidah"
Hazrat Umar rose quickly to say "O Abullakr, How can i or Abu
Ubaidah be preferred on you? You are undoubtedly the most
excellent of the Muslims. You were the second of two in the cave.
You were appointed as Amir ul Hali. During his illness Prophet
(PBUH) appointed you as tmam. Of all the companions you were
the closest and dearest to Holy Prophet. As such you are dearest
to us. Stretch your hand so that we may offer our allegiance to
you
Thus, Hazrat AbuBakr was elected as caliph on the very next day
of death of Holy Prophet (PBUH).

CHAPTER NO.4
THE ARTICLES OF FAITH, JIHAD AND
THE PILLAR OF ISLAM.
Shahadah; The First Pillar
Introduction
The Shahadah (also known as "Faith") is the Muslim Creed, one
among the five pillars of Islam.
Ibne Umar reported, Allah's Apostle (PBUH) said "Islam is based
on five principles, To testify that none has the right to be
worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is the Allah's Apostle, The
establishment of Salah, the payment of Zakat, The Hajj and Saum
in the month of Ramadan"
As per the above saying Shahadah or declaration of faith is the
first and the basic duty on every Muslim.
The word shahadah comes from the verb Shahida, which means
he testifies or he bears witness.
Reciting Shahadah, a Muslim takes testimony that Allah is the
only true God, and that Muhammad is Allah's Prophet
(Messenger).
The meaning of the Shahadah in Arabic. Ash hadu an laa ilaaha
illallah. I bear testimony that there's no god except Allah. Wa
ashadu anna muhammadur rasulullah. Also, I bear witness that
Prophet (PBUH) is the Messenger of Allah.
What is Shahadah in Islam?
The Shahadah is to testify to 2 things:
(1) Nothing Deserves Worship Except Allah.
(2) Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
The first part of this testimony states that God has the right to be
idolized inside and externally, by one's heart and limbs.
In Muslims belief, nobody will nobody be worshiped except Him
"Verily your Allah is One ! Lord of the heavens and of the earth
and all between them and lord of the every point at the rising of
the sun (37:4-5).
He has no companion or associates in worship. Worship is for Him
alone, "Your lord has decreed that you worship none but him"
(17:1)
The one who associates partners with Allah is termed as Mushrik.
Shirk is unpardonable sin* Allah forgives not that partners should
be setup with Him ... "(4:48).
The one who commits shirk is no more a believer and all his good
deeds is for no use.
To gain Allah's pleasure and forgiveness, person has to testify
Shahadah again.
The second part testifies that Mohammad (PBUH) is the
Messenger of Allah. Like all other previous Messengers Ibrahim.
Moses, Jesus e.t.c he was also a selected one.
Moreover, He is the last Messenger of Allah and no other Prophet
will come after him as Allah says in Surah Ahzab "Mohammad is
not the father of any of your man but the apostle of Allah and the
seal of Prophets " (33:40)
It also teaches us that we should not only believe in his prophecy
but also follow and obey his message
He was given the divine message in the form of Holy Quran and
unlike all other books this book is universal and it can not be
corrupted or altered because no Prophet will come after him.
The second part of Shahadah is actually interlinked with the first
Part If a person is disbelieving any of the part he is not a Muslim
as Quran says ” He who obeys the Messengers,Obeys Allah ...
(4:80)
We abide by his commands and refrain from what he has
forbidden “And whatsoever the messenger gives you, take it. And
whatsoever he forbids, abstain from it (Al Hashr 59:7).

BELIEF OF ONENESS OF ALLAH

INTRODUCTION
Muslims believe that Allah is the only one who deserves to be
worshipped. This concept is known as Tawheed.

One third of the Quran lays emphasis on unity of God. It says

"Allah there is no God but He" (2:255)

In primitive times man started to worship objects like sun, moon,

stars, rivers, trees etc. Soon he learned that these objects were
dependent on Supreme Being

After this, he noticed that cycle of universe must be controlled by

supreme being.

However, they started to believe that there are thousands of

other gods too
They followed the ideology that they can reach God through
saints and spirits. Allah rejects this concept by saying "Had there
been therein gods besides Allah then verily both would have been
ruined" (21:22)

Tawhid

Tawhid /Oneness of Allah is exactly against all these believes. It

tells us that Allah is the only God with matchless attributes.
"Whosoever is on (in the earth) will perish. And the Face of your
lord full of Majesty and Honour will abide forever (55:26-27)

This concept was taught by all the Prophets i.e Hazrat Ibrahim,
Hazrat Musa, Hazrat Isa, Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH) e.t.c.

According to Tawhid, Allah is the personality who truly exist and

no being can deny him.

It refuses the ideas of sharing power, associating partner as

Quran says "...None has the right to be worshipped but He, the
creator of all things ..." (6:102)

He is alone , and He does not needs anyone as a partner. He has

no relations like son, daughter, wife e.t.c.

Surah Ikhlas explains it in perfect way " He neither begets nor is

he begotten"(112:3).
Islam calls to believe that The Creator, The Sustainer, The
Cherisher is only Allah, who is the only lord in this world and
hereafter.

He created entire world in 6 days for man and created man only
Worship him.

He made man from insignificant germ cell "...Who created man

out of the congealed blood..." (96:2)

He has the power to do everything. None of His intentions can be

stopped from materialization "Verily , His command, When he
Intends a thing, only that He says to it Be and it is" [37:82]

He knows everything, every action and every movement. What

has happened , what is happening and what will happen,
everything is in his knowledge " He knows what happens to them
(His Creatures) in this world , and what will happen to them in the
hereafter " (2:255)

He is the king and the Ruler and each and everything is owned by
Him.

Nothing can happen without His planning and permission " His
throne extends over the heaven and the earth" (2:255)

Allah is the only one to be worshipped no one else is worthy to be

worshipped. Surah fatiha mentions "We do worship you and Your
Aid we seek"
For worship, gratitude , help, protection man needs to bow before
Allah.

Types of Tawheed
1. Tauhid-ar-Rububiya
2. Tauhid-al-Auluhiya
3. Tauhid-al-Asma-wa-Sifat
1. Tauhid-ar-Rububiya [Oneness of
Lordship]
It refers to the belief that Allah is Self-Existent; He is the Creator
and the Sustainer of the universe. Allah is the creator of all things
and He is the Guardian over all things" (39:62).
Allah is the Law Giver and the Judge. And He is entirely immune to
all forms of human weaknesses and needs such as hunger, thirst
and the need to rest or sleep etc. "No slumber can seize Him nor
sleep" (2:255).
He is above the grip of space and time, "He is the First and Last,
the evident and the hidden." (57:3).

2. Tauhid-al-Auluhiya [Oneness in
the worship of Allah]
It refers to the belief that since Allah is the creator, He is the only
one worthy of worship. All supplication, beseeching (Pleading) and
imploring (begging) are due only to Allah.
So we as Muslims, must observe all the religious practices such as
prayers, Hajj,fast and giving alms to the poor etc. for His sake
only as He says "I created Jinn and mankind only to worship me"
(51:56).
Surah Fatiha also mentions "You alone we worship and Your aid
we seek" (1:4).

3. Tauhid-al-Asma-wa-Sifat [Oneness
of the names and Qualities of Allah]
It refers to the belief that Allah is matchless not only in His
Essence but also in His names and Attributes.
what He and His This belief includes that we must not name or
qualify Allah except with Messenger have named or qualified Him.
None can be named or qualified with the names or qualifications
of Allah, for example, Al Karim, Al Raheem, Al Rehman etc. "And
there is none like unto Him"(112:5).
We must believe in all the qualities of Allah which He has stated
in His Book or mentioned through His Messenger without
changing, twisting or ignoring their meaning.
.