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Bio-L9-ANOVA

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4 views

Bio-L9-ANOVA

Uploaded by

Saad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Idea of Analysis of Variance [ ANOVA ]

ANOVA General Linear Models is based mathematically on linear


regression and general linear models that quantify the relationship between
the dependent variable and the independent variable . There are three
different general linear models for ANOVA:

One Way ANOVA one independent variables.

Two Way ANOVA Two independent variables

Three Way ANOVA Three independent variables

If more than 3 independent variables Multiple ANOVA

1. Fixed effects model (Model 1) makes inferences that are specific and
valid only to the populations and treatments of the study. For
example, if three treatments involve three different doses of a drug,
inferential conclusions can only be drawn for those specific drug
doses. The levels within each factor are fixed as defined by the
experimental design.
2. Random effects model (Model 2) makes inferences about levels of
the factor that are not used in the study, such as a continuum of drug
doses when the study only used three doses. This model pertains to
random effects within levels, and makes inferences about a
population’s random variation.

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3. Mixed effects model (Model 3) contains both Fixed and Random
effects.

Computer statistics programs typically default to the Fixed effects model for
ANOVA analysis, but higher end programs can perform ANOVA with all
three models.

One-Way Fixed-Effects ANOVA Consider an experiment that has 2 or


more treatments and multiple replicates of each treatment. We use a 1-way
fixed-effects ANOVA model to test the

Null hypothesis that all treatments have the same population mean.

Alternative hypothesis is that at least 1 population mean differs from the


others.

We assess whether variability among sample means is sufficiently large,


relative to random error variance, that we should reject the null hypothesis
and conclude that true differences exist among population means.

Rules of application

Example : Variance Between and Within

We have data on the grades of 15 students in statistics, they were divided


into three groups:

Do the average scores differ between groups or not ?

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Group 1 Group2 Group3

Solution : ANOVA

1. Design Hypothesis

There are no differences

There are differences

2. Calculate Mean and Differences

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standard deviation

Average of Groups:
[79+84+74] / 3 = 79

1. Total as:

Subtract each group from


mean of averag

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2. Within Group Sum of Squares

Subtract each group data


from its mean

3. Between Group Sum of Squares

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4. ANOVA Table
Source of SS df Mean Sq F
Variance Sum Sq
Between 250 k-1=2 SS/df
Groups 250/2=125
=MSB MSB/ MSw
Within 120 N-k=15-3 120/12=10
Groups 12 = 125/10
=MSw = 12.5
Total 370 N-1=14 Calculated

5. Determine critical value of [ F.05] in Degree of Freedom (2,12)

6. Decision making Rule :


Reject H0 :

If test statistic [calculated F ] > Critical value [Tabular F]

Since the computed value is greater than the tabular value (12.5> 3.89), we
must reject the null hypothesis that states the averages are equal and accept
the alternative hypothesis that includes the inequality of the averages of the
three groups.

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