ASSESSING HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE AMONG SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTS OF JUAN R. LIWAG MEMORIAL HIGH

SCHOOL

A Research Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High

School
Department Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics,
Juan R.Liwag Memorial High School, Gapan City, Nueva Ecija,
Philippines, In Partial Fulfillment for the Subject

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Belen, Gian S.
Bernardino, Ice Lee M.
Brañanola, Jonette Faye F.
Doctor, Jeric R.
Falcon, Dann Val DG.
Garcia, Adrhi DG.
Geronimo, Angel Franzesca
Leonardo, Kim Cedric F.
Menor, Jan Gabriel M.
Nava, Honey Lei
Paclarin, Cyra Dennisk F.

Marilou Policarpio
Adviser
 JUNE 2023
Table of Contents
TITLE PAGE……………………….……………………............……….
……………….…………i
TABLE OF CONTENTS…….
……………………………………………………………………….ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………
……………….iii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF
LITERATURE………………..........………………........
………………...........................1
Background of the Study………………..........

………….......................1

Review of Related Literature…….

…………………............................3

Statement of the Problem………………..........…….

…….....................8

Hypothesis………………..........…….

……...........................................9

Significance of the Study………………..........……………..

…..............10

Scope and Delimitation………………..........…………..............

……..…10

Conceptual Framework………………..........

…………........................11

Time and place of the Study………………..........

…………………........11

Definition of terms………………..........

……………….........................11
CHAPTER II. METHODOLOGY…….

…………………………………………….…….………………..12

Research Design………………….……………………….…………….

…………………12

Research Design…………………………..……………………..….

……..……..12

Research

Locale……………….......................................................12

Population/Respondents of the

Study.........................................12

Sampling Techniques ………………..........

…………….......................12

Research Instruments

……………………………………………………………13

Data Gathering Procedure………………..........……………...

…………….13

Statistical Data

Analysis………………………………………………………………….…….13

BIBLIOGRAPHY………………….………………………………….

………....………….14

CHAPTER III. PRESENTATI, ANALYSIS, AND

INTERPRETATION………………….…………………………………………….

…….………………..15
CHAPTER IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND

RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………………

…………..23

Conclusion..…………………….

……………………………………………………….23

Recommendation……………………………………………………………

………...23

Summary..

…………………………………………………………………………………..24
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to convey their profound gratitude

to Mrs. Marilou Policarpio, the researchers research instructor, for

her invaluable guidance and support throughout the research study.

The researchers also want to express their gratitude to her for her

kindness and the information she has shared with them. Working

and studying for her was a real honor and privilege.

The principal of the school, Mrs. Noime Villegas, and Mr.

Jeffrey Sta. Ines, assistant school principal, are also thanked for

giving the researchers the opportunity to conduct the research

among all the Grade 12 students.

The researchers also thanked the members of the panels, Sir Judd

Edward Hernandez, Ma’am Maria Ana Cordero, and Ma’am Divine

Claire San Diego, for their support, insightful comments, and

recommendations for the best outcome of this research paper.

The researcher would also like to express their gratitude and

appreciation to the respondents who helped the research study go

smoothly with their willing help and full cooperation. The

researchers also want to express their gratitude for the time and

information they gave them to conduct this study.

To their friends who have encouraged them whenever they

felt down and helped them stay determined.

To their dearest parents for their thoughtful financial

consideration and unwavering support during the development of

this research study. As well as for their words of support during all

the late nights spent conducting the research study.

And foremost, to the almighty God, for the strength and

guidance he bestowed on us all the way as we accomplished this

research project.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks

the cells of the body that help fight diseases and infections,

resulting in people being more prone to other diseases and

infections. It is spread by contact with certain bodily fluids of a

person with HIV; unprotected sex is also the most usual cause of

this infection (sex without a condom) or through sharing injection

drug use. If left untreated, it can lead to the disease called AIDS

(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) (HIV.gov, 2022).

In 2020, there are 38.4 million people across the globe with

HIV. Of these, 36.7 million were adults, and 1.7 million were children

(less than 15 years old). In addition, 54% were women and girls. In

the data, an estimate of 1.5 million individuals worldwide were

known to have had HIV in 2021, marking a 32% decrease in new HIV

infections since 2010. New HIV infections, or “HIV incidence,” refers

to the estimated number of people who newly acquired HIV during a

given period, such as a year, which is different from the number of

people diagnosed with HIV during a year (some people may have

HIV but not know it). Of these, 1.5 million new HIV infections

occurred: 1.3 million were among adults and 160,000 were among

children (less than 15 years old) (HIV.gov, 2022). HIV/AIDS are two

of the biggest challenges we face as a country (ETU.org, 2022). The

rate of infection continues to increase, and people are getting more

and more positive and dying from AIDS.

 With the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) being the single

most formidable challenge to public health, human rights, and

development in the new millennium, spreading knowledge about

HIV is one of the key strategies that is most formidable in the

prevention and control of HIV/AIDS worldwide. Risky practices stem

from inaccurate knowledge, making them major hindrances in

preventing the spread of HIV (Alhasawi, A. et al., 2019).

HIV doesn’t have a cure. This fact makes it a nightmare for

those who have it and for the people around them. Those who are

infected are more afraid of judgment and discrimination than the

virus itself.

This cycle made it hard for them to ask for help, leading to an

astounding 38 million infections worldwide. Furthermore, it is said

that the HIV epidemic not only affects the health of individuals; it

also impacts households, communities, and the development and

economic growth of nations.

Many of the countries hardest hit by HIV also suffer from other

infectious diseases, food insecurity, and other serious problems

(Alhasawi, A. et al., 2019). Given these circumstances, it’s

unfortunate to know that the voice of the 38 million doesn’t have

much impact on changing attitudes and perceptions towards people

with HIV.

The research will be conducted in order to assess the students

of Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School regarding their knowledge of

this issue.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents related literature and studies that

greatly advanced the understanding of the study. Additionally, it

would clarify how to synthesize the conceptual framework in order

to comprehend the research in its entirety. Lastly, it would define

the definition of terms to aid in a clearer understanding of the study.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

An STI is an infection passed through sexual contact with a

person, commonly spread by having vaginal, oral, or anal sex. When

a bacteria, virus, or parasite enters and grows in or on your body, it

is called an infection. Some STIs can be cured, while others cannot.

For STIs that cannot be cured, medication is available to manage

their symptoms. With STI infection, women have more health

problems than men, including infertility caused by STIs (Long, J.E.,

2021).
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection is

called HIV, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and

diseases. It is spread most often by unprotected sex (sex without a

condom or HIV medicine to prevent or treat HIV) or through sharing

injection drug equipment or contact with certain bodily fluids of a

person with HIV (HIV.gov, 2021).

HIV has no cure, so once it is acquired, you have HIV for life.

The human body cannot get rid of HIV. AIDS (acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome) is the result of HIV if left untreated

(HIV.gov, 2021).

Studies have shown that HIV may have jumped from

chimpanzees to humans as far back as the late 1800s. In humans,

HIV infection comes from a type of chimpanzee in Central Africa.

The chimpanzee version of the virus is called the simian

immunodeficiency virus. The disease was probably passed to

humans during the time when humans hunted these chimpanzees

for meat and came into contact with their infected blood.

The virus has existed in the United States since at least the

mid-to-late 1970s, and over the decades it spread throughout parts

of the world, primarily spreading across Africa (CDC.gov, 2022).

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

AIDS is a result of HIV infection and occurs when the immune

system of the body has been severely consumed by the virus.

Because medications for HIV are taken as directed, the majority of

HIV-positive Americans do not develop AIDS. A person with HIV is

said to have AIDS when their CD4 cell count is less than 200 cells

per millimeter of blood (200 cells/mm3). CD4 levels in individuals

with healthy immune systems range from 500 to 1600 cells/mm3.

A person with AIDS can have a life span of three years without

HIV medication and can be roughly dropped to a year after they get

a serious opportunistic illness. At this stage of HIV infection, perhaps

HIV medication can still benefit patients and save lives. Those who

begin HIV medication as early as when they are diagnosed with HIV

have greater benefits; for this reason, HIV testing is a crucial thing

to do (HIV.gov, 2022).

The Effect of HIV/AIDS Education Prevention Using Web-

based She Smart on Knowledge in Adolescent Girls

The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be more prevalent among

young people in general and young women in particular. A thorough

knowledge of the transmission and preventative methods in disease

is essential to avoiding and preventing HIV infection. Therefore, the

goal of this study is to investigate the factors that contribute to

comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge about PLWHIV (Estifanos, T.M.,

et al., 2021).

Utilizing information from the 2016 Uganda Demographic

Health Survey, a cross-sectional study was carried out. Data were

gathered using a common questionnaire, and a two-stage random

sampling procedure was used. 1971 suitable women aged 15 to 24

were included in this analysis out of a total of 8674 women in the 15

to 49 age range. With SPSS version 23, data analysis was carried

out. The link between particular explanatory variables and outcome

variables was investigated using a chi-square test and logistic

regression analysis. With a 95% confidence interval, odds ratios

were used to report the results. A P value of 0.05 or less was

regarded as statistically significant. (Estifanos, T.M., et al., 2021).

Although 99.3% of the unmarried women aged 15 to 24 were

generally have knowledge of HIV/AIDS, only 51.9% had a thorough

understanding of the disease. About 70% of those surveyed were

aware that HIV transmission can be avoided by “using condoms

every time when having sex” and “having only one faithful,

uninfected partner.” Regarding 68% of the single women, they

rejected at least two widespread local myths about HIV/AIDS. A

worrisomely low (20.6%) percentage of respondents expressed

positive acceptance of PLWHIV. (Estifanos, T.M., et al., 2021).

 Each variable in the unadjusted logistic regression analysis

was found to be strongly related to having in-depth knowledge of

HIV/AIDS. After adjustment, having been tested for HIV/AIDS, being

educated, wealthy, and older (20–24 years old) all became

indicators of having sufficient, in-depth knowledge of the disease.

Additionally, respondents with sufficient knowledge about HIV/AIDS

were more likely than their counterparts to have a favorable

acceptance attitude toward PLWHIV (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.30–2.08)

(Estifanos, T.M., et al., 2021).

Perceived self-efficacy of students and its influence on

knowledge about HIV/AIDS in Ghana

Globally, human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) and its

accompanying acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have

long been a public health threat due to the high death toll and the

various effects on individuals and societies. Unfortunately, in

developing countries such as Ghana, people living with HIV/AIDS are

victims of discrimination and rejection and are often excluded from

social activities. Consequently, there is a need for mitigation

strategies aimed at reducing the spread of the disease. Indeed, in

human society, beliefs are fundamental to understanding people's

intentions towards a given phenomenon. The purpose of this study

was to assess students perceived self-efficacy and knowledge about

HIV/AIDS. In this study, Bandura’s self-efficacy theory was used as a

framework to assess the relationship between students perceived

self-efficacy, attitudes towards, and knowledge about HIV/AIDS. A

total of 342 students of at least 15 years old were recruited from

junior and senior high schools and a public university to complete

two scales: the general self-efficacy, attitude, and knowledge about

HIV/AIDS scales. While there was a positive correlation among self-

efficacy, attitude, and knowledge, attitude and knowledge combined

to predict self-efficacy. The limitations of the study,

recommendations for future research, and policy implications are

discussed herein (Angga Wilandika, Ariani Fatmawati, Ghitha Farida,

and Suzana Yusof, 2022).

Predictors of HIV/AIDS comprehensive knowledge towards

people living with HIV/AIDS among unmarried young females

in Uganda: a cross-sectional study.

The number of HIV/AIDS cases has increased from year to

year. Indonesia, where the number of teenagers living with HIV/AIDS

is on the rise, also sees this growth. It is characterized by a

teenager’s lack of knowledge of sexual and reproductive health.

There are so many youngsters that run the risk of early marriage

issues, pregnancy, STDs, and HIV/AIDS. To examine how HIV/AIDS

education has affected the knowledge of female adolescents. Utilize

the pre-test and post-test designs with one group. Purposive

sampling was used in the sampling process, yielding a total of 47

pupils. In Makassar’s Senior High School No. 12, during September

and October of 2021, the study was carried out. The McNemar Test
is used to analyze data. Also, the statistical results of the study

indicated that She Smart’s use of HIV/AIDS education had an impact

on knowledge (p-value = 0.000), attitude (p-value = 0.000), and

action (p-value = 0.500), but not in a statistically significant way.

She Smart’s web-based HIV/AIDS education has an impact on

knowledge and attitudes, but it has little to no impact on behaviors

before and after an intervention. (Muslimin, Komala D., et al., 2022).

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to determine the knowledge of senior high

school students at Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School towards the

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency

Syndrome. Specifically, the study would like to seek answers to the

following questions:

Specific Question:

1. How may the demographic profile be described in terms of:

A. Age

B. Marital Status

C. Sex

2. Factors that are related to HIV/AIDS knowledge in terms of:

A. Causative agent

B. Route of transmission

C. Signs & Symptoms

D. Methods of prevention
 E. Effects of AIDS

F. Risk Group

3. What is the knowledge level of the respondents regarding

HIV/AIDS in terms of:

A. Great Knowledge: Correct Answer = 75–100%

B. Good Knowledge: Correct Answer = 51–74%

C. Average Knowledge: Correct Answer = 26–50%

D. Poor Knowledge: Correct Answer = 0–25%

4. Is the knowledge level of the respondents higher when certain

criteria (age, status, or sex) are present?

5. Use the media that are popular among young people and other

forms of communication with young people to disseminate

information about HIV/AIDS.

6. Develop and spread knowledge about HIV/AIDS in the form of a

pamphlet.

HYPOTHESIS

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The benefit of this study is that it brings forward the

awareness of the respondents regarding their knowledge of

HIV/AIDS. The results of the study will be of great benefit to

HIV/AIDS patients; they will provide sufficient data about the

association between a respondent’s knowledge regarding the topic

and their profile, which will show if there is any correlation between

their profile and the knowledge they have about HIV/AIDS. Lastly,

the study will be a big help to future researchers who will be

pursuing related studies.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The main focus of this study is the assessment of the

awareness of 18-year-old and above senior high school students

regarding their knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The study took place within

the premises of Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School. The

delimitation of this study is only to assess the knowledge of 18-year-

old and above senior high school students about HIV/AIDS and not

to change or gain any possible opinions a respondent may have.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

IV DV

18-year-old senior high school students

of Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School Knowledge of students regarding
HIV/AIDS
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study

All 18-year-old senior high school students of Juan R. Liwag

Memorial High School and the demographic information of the

respondents including age, marital status, and sex that assigned

them by birth. The outcome of the study featured knowledge of

students regarding HIV/AIDS.

TIME AND PLACE OF THE STUDY

The research was conducted in Bayanihan, Gapan City, Nueva

Ecija, specifically at the Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School, Senior

High School in Gapan City, Nueva Ecija, in May 2023.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

a.) Aids – is the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the

body’s immune system is badly damaged because of the virus.

b.) CD4 Count – is a test that measures how many CD4 cells you

have in your blood. These are a type of white blood cell, called T

cells, that move throughout your body to find and destroy bacteria,

viruses, and other invading germs.

c.) Disease – when the infection damages your body’s cells, which

causes illness-related symptoms to manifest.

d.) Fluids – a substance that flows and is not solid.

e.) Hindrances – something that makes it more difficult for you to

do something or for something to develop.

f.) Infection – occurs when disease-causing bacteria, viruses, or

other organisms enter your body and start to grow.

g.) Infertility – the fact of being unable to have babies.

h.) Immunodeficiency – a lack of sufficient antibodies,

immunological cells, or both that prevents the body from mounting

a sufficient immune response.

i.) Medication – a medicine, or a set of medicines or drugs, used to

improve a particular condition or illness.

j.) Prone – likely to show a particular characteristic, usually a

negative one, or to be affected by something bad, such as damage

or an illness.

CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

A research methodology is a way for a researcher to describe

how they plan to conduct their research. It's a logical, systematic

plan to resolve a research problem. A methodology explains how a

researcher will conduct the study in order to produce accurate,

legitimate data that meets their goals and objectives. It includes the
data they will gather, where they will get it, how they will gather it,

and how they will analyze it.

This chapter explains the methods used in gathering data that

is relevant to the research. The methodologies include areas such as

the research design, research locale, population/respondents of the

study, sampling techniques, research instruments, data gathering

procedures, and data analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers used the descriptive-correlational design in

this study entitled ASSESSING HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE AMONG

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF JUAN R. LIWAG MEMORIAL

HIGH SCHOOL. A descriptive-correlational research design is a type

of research design that tries to explain the relationship between two

or more variables without making any claims about cause and

effect. It includes collecting and analyzing data on at least two

variables to see if there is a link between them. The researchers

collect data to explain the variables of interest and figure out how

they relate.

RESEARCH LOCALE

The locale of the study the researchers have chosen is Juan

R. Liwag Memorial High School; specifically, it was conducted at

the Senior High School Department, with the respondents being

its students. It was formerly known as Gapan Municipal High

School from 1946 to 1952, Nueva Ecija South High School

(NESHS) from 1952 to 1972, Gapan National High School (GHS)

from 1972 to 1984, and finally Juan R. Liwag Memorial High

School (JRLMHS) from 1984 to the present. It is situated in

Bayanihan, Gapan City, Nueva Ecija. The senior high school at

Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School includes four strands:

Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL), Accountancy, Business,

and Management (ABM), Humanities and Social Sciences

(HUMSS), and Science, Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics (STEM).
Figure 1. Map of Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School – Senior High

School

POPULATION/RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The researchers used 18-year-old and above students as

respondents at Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School — Senior

High School. The respondents are those who are officially

enrolled in Grade 12.

1.2: Population of the Study

The target population for this research is 266 respondents

aged 18 and above among all Grade 12 students at Juan R. Liwag

Memorial High School — Senior High School.

1.3: Research Respondents

The researchers considered the 18-year-old and above

students of Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School as the

respondents. They were chosen because the target of this

research is those who are proven to be of mature age and

thinking and are able to give consent to participate.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

This study used simple random sampling to determine the

sample size. A portion of the 18-year-old and above senior high

school students of Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School were

asked to become the respondents to this study.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

The researchers spent a lot of time, effort, and teamwork

developing the questions needed for the study.

The researchers created the survey questionnaire, which is

the primary instrument for data collection. The questionnaire has

two sections. The first section is made up of items that

determine the demographic profile of the respondents, and the

second section consists of sets of questions about knowledge

about HIV/AIDS. At Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School — Senior

High School, all Grade 12 students who were 18 years of age and

above received the survey questions. The researchers gathered

the surveys and then carefully examined and studied the

responses.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The procedure for data gathering involved a courtesy call

to both the faculty and the principal in order to submit a letter

for the conduct of the study and the distribution of survey

questionnaires to the participating respondents.

STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS

 The researchers performed a descriptive analysis to

examine the data they have collected when the study has been

conducted and the answered questionnaires have been

retrieved. The researchers used the following tools in order to

analysis the data gathered.

Knowledge level

1. Great Knowledge: Correct Answer = 75–100%

2. Good Knowledge: Correct Answer = 51–74%

3. Average Knowledge: Correct Answer = 26–50%

4. Poor Knowledge: Correct Answer = 0–25%

BIBLIOGRAPHY

AlMunther Alhasawi, Saroj Bala Grover, Ali Sadek, Ibrahim Ashoor,

Iqbal Alkhabbaz, Sameh Almasri, Assessing HIV/AIDS

knowledge, awareness, and attitudes among senior high

school students in Kuwait, Medical Principles and Practice 28

(5), 470-476, 2019

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), German Advisory Committee

Blood
 Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy 43 (3), 203, 2016

Komala Dewi Muslimin, Yusring Sanusi Baso, Healthy Hidayanty,

Syafruddin Syarif, Aminuddin Aminuddin, Burhanuddin Bahar,

The Effect of HIV/AIDS Education Prevention Using Web-based

She Smart on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice in

Adolescent Girls, International Journal of Health and Medical

Sciences 5 (1), 31-36, 2022

Maxwell Peprah Opoku, Elvis Agyei-Okyere, William Nketsia, Eric

Lawer Torgbenu, Emmanuel Opoku Kumi, The International

Journal of Health Planning and ManagementVolume 37, Issue

2 p. 755-769, Perceived self-efficacy of students and its

influence on attitudes and knowledge about HIV/AIDS in

Ghana, First published: 25 October 2021

Tesfaldet Mekonnen Estifanos, Chen Hui, Afewerki Weldezgi Tesfai,

Mekonnen Estifanos Teklu, Matiwos Araya Ghebrehiwet,

Kidane Siele Embaye, Amanuel Kidane Andegiorgish ,BMC

Women’s Health 21, 1-13, 2021

What Are HIV and AIDS, HIV.gov, January 13, 2023

CHAPTER III

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter comprises the analysis, presentation, and

interpretation of the findings resulting from this study based on the

results of the retrieved questionnaires. The data is interpreted in a

descriptive form.

In order to interpret the handwritten answers, Excel was used

to record the retrieved questionnaires for efficiency of the analysis.

When all the data, like age, sex, and score for each factor that

affects HIV/AIDS, had been input, graphs were used to better

understand the gathered data.

Figure 1. Shows the total percentage of the respondents sex assigned at

birth.

Among the 266 total respondents, the researchers had

gathered information from these genders, and of the respondents,

135 were female, which is 50.8% of the respondents, and 131 were

male, which is 49.2% of the respondents.

Figure 2. the number of respondents based on their age.

The figure above shows the percentage of the respondents

based on their age: 18-year-olds have 94 male and 104 female

respondents, 19-year-olds have 29 male and 26 female

respondents, 20-year-olds have 6 male and 5 female respondents,

and 21- and 27-year-olds both have 1 male respondent.

Figure 3. The overall knowledge level of male and female respondents

regarding HIV/AIDS
 The figure above shows the result of the overall knowledge

level of male and female respondents based on the questionnaire

they answered regarding HIV/AIDS, which is 1 male and 3 female

have poor knowledge, 27 male and 17 female have average

knowledge, 75 male and 86 female have good knowledge, and 28

male and 29 female have great knowledge.

Figure 4. The knowledge level of respondents based on their knowledge

regarding the causative agent of HIV/AIDS.

The figure above shows the result of the knowledge leve of

male and female respondents based on their knowledge regarding

the causative agent of HIV/AIDS, which is that 4 males and 10

females have poor knowledge, 53 males and 32 females have

average knowledge, 50 males and 54 females have good

knowledge, and 24 males and 39 females have great knowledge.

Figure 5. The knowledge level of respondents based on their knowledge

regarding the Route of transmission of HIV/AIDS.

The figure above shows the result of the knowledge level of

male and female respondents based on their knowledge regarding

the route of transmission of HIV/AIDS, which is that both male and

female respondents have poor knowledge, 37 males and 35 females

have average knowledge, 40 males and 39 females have good

knowledge, and 53 males and 60 females have great knowledge.

Figure 6. The knowledge level of respondents based on their knowledge

regarding the Sign & Symptom of HIV/AIDS.

 The figure above shows the result of the knowledge level of

male and female respondents based on their knowledge regarding

the sign and symptom of HIV/AIDS, which is that 9 males and 20

females have poor knowledge, 61 males and 51 females have

average knowledge, 40 males and 42 females have good

knowledge, and 21 males and 22 females have great knowledge.

Figure 7. The knowledge level of respondents based on their knowledge

regarding the Methods of prevention of HIV/AIDS.

The figure above shows the result of the knowledge level of

male and female respondents based on their knowledge regarding

the methods of prevention of HIV/AIDS, which is that 5 males and 8

females have poor knowledge, 41 males and 33 females have

average knowledge, 43 males and 44 females have good

knowledge, and 42 males and 50 females have great

 Figure 8. The knowledge level of respondents based on their

knowledge regarding the Effects of AIDS.

The figure above shows the result of the knowledge level of

male and female respondents based on their knowledge regarding

the effects of AIDS, which is that 10 males and 18 females have

poor knowledge, 41 males and 45 females have average knowledge,

51 males and 33 females have good knowledge, and 29 males and

39 females have great knowledge.

Figure 9. The knowledge level of respondents based on their knowledge

regarding the Risk Group of HIV/AIDS.

 The figure above shows the result of the knowledge level of

male and female respondents based on their knowledge regarding

the risk group of HIV/AIDS, which is that 6 males and 5 females have

poor knowledge, 36 males and 21 females have average knowledge,

both 42 males and 42 females have good knowledge, and 47 males

and 67 females have great knowledge.

The age of the respondents had no relation with their

knowledge, as there are not enough respondents with those on a

higher age bracket. When all of the 18 year old students answers

have been graded then turn into percentage, it was all added and

solved to get the average, the results show that 18 year old

students have Good knowledge level regarding HIV/AIDS, this is also

the case with those who are 19,20, and 21 year old, however the 27

year old had great knowledge level.

The status of the respondents has no relation to their answers

as shown that all the respondents are single.

On Figure 3. And 4. Poor knowledge level are more dominant on

the female respondents, as well as for the good and great

knowledge level.

On Figure 5. There are no relative difference between male and

female, both male and female respondents have great knowledge

regarding the route of transmission of HIV/AIDS.

On Figure 6. The average knowledge level of both male and

female are both the highest out of all the knowledge levels and with
good and great knowledge being almost the same with only one or

two difference.

On Figure 7. There are more female respondents who have

great knowledge regarding the methods of prevention than male

respondents.

On Figure 8. There are more female respondents who have

great knowledge regarding the Effects of AIDS than male

respondents.

On Figure 9. Both male and female have great knowledge

regarding the risk group for HIV/AIDS.

 CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION

In partial fulfillment of the research project, the researchers

conducted questionnaires and tests about the assessment of

HIV/AIDS knowledge among senior high school students. The

researchers wanted to determine the knowledge of senior high

school students about the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired

immunodeficiency syndrome. It also aims to find out if the

knowledge level of the respondents is higher when certain criteria

like age, status, or sex are present. The research instrument used is

the questionnaire and test for HIV/AIDS knowledge, which consist of

two parts: the demographic and the factors related to HIV/AIDS

knowledge. On the questionnaires, the researchers test the

knowledge of students about HIV/AIDS. Most of the female

respondents answered the questions correctly, compared to the

male respondents.

RECOMMENDATION

Based on the study conducted, the following recommendations are

hereby made:
• Future researchers should be more knowledgeable about

HIV/AIDS.

• Add more factors that are related to HIV/AIDS knowledge, like

education status, that affect the knowledge of students about

HIV/AIDS.

• Build programs that help eradicate myths about HIV/AIDS.

SUMMARY

In partial fulfillment of the research project, the researchers

conducted questionnaires and tests about the assessment of
HIV/AIDS knowledge among senior high school students.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks

the cells of the body that help fight diseases and infections,
resulting in people being more susceptible to other diseases and
infections. If left untreated, it can lead to a disease called AIDS
(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

The researchers wanted to determine the knowledge of senior high

school students about the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome.

The benefit of the study is that it provides sufficient data

about the association between the knowledge of respondents
regarding the topic and their profile, which will show if there is any
correlation between their profile and the knowledge they have
about HIV/AIDS.

The main focus of this study is the assessment of the

awareness of 18-year-olds regarding their knowledge of HIV/AIDS.
The delimitation of this study is only to assess the knowledge of 18-
year-olds about HIV/AIDS and not to change or gain any possible
opinions a respondent may have.

The independent variable was the 18-year old senior high school
students of Juan R. Liwag. Memorial High School, and the dependent
variable is their knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS.
 The descriptive-correlational design is the research design the
researchers used for this study.

The locale of the study the researchers have chosen is Juan R.

Liwag Memorial High School; specifically, it was conducted at the
Senior High School Department, with the respondents being its
students.

The researchers used 18-year-old and above students as

respondents at Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School — Senior High
School. The respondents are those who are officially enrolled in
Grade 12.

This study used simple random sampling to determine the

sample size. A portion of the 18-year-olds and above are the chosen
respondents for this study.
The research instrument used is the questionnaire and test
for HIV/AIDS knowledge, which consist of two parts: the
demographic profile and factors related to HIV/AIDS knowledge.

The procedure for data gathering involved a courtesy call to

both the faculty and the principal.

Among the 266 total respondents, 131 were male and 135
were female. The age of the respondents had no relation to their
knowledge, as there were not enough respondents in a higher age
bracket. The status of the respondents has no relation to their
answers, as shown by the fact that all the respondents are single.
In Figures 3 and 4 show that poor knowledge levels are more
prevalent among female respondents than good and great
knowledge levels. In Figure 5, there is no relative difference
between males and females. In Figure 6, the average knowledge
level of both males and females is the highest out of all the
knowledge levels. In Figure 7, there are more female respondents
who have great knowledge regarding the methods of prevention
than male respondents. In Figure 8, there are more female
respondents who have great knowledge regarding the effects of
AIDS than male respondents. In Figure 9, both males and females
have great knowledge regarding the risk group for HIV/AIDS.