Automobile Chasis System
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Kishan RaushanAutomobile Chasis System
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Kishan RaushanL 26 ENGINEERING COLLEGE AJMER
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
Chapter 4C: Suspension system:
Objective and requirements, Suspension spring, front and rear
suspension systems, Independent suspension system Shock absorbers.
COURSE INSTRUCTOR:
VINOD KUMAR VERMA
ASST. PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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SUSPENSION SYSTEM
• Suspension system is the term given to the
system of springs, shock absorbers and
linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels .
• It is basically cushion for passengers protects
the luggage or any cargo and also itself from
damage and wear.
• Sir William Brush is the father of suspension
system in automobiles
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OBJECTIVES OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM
• It supports the weight of vehicle .
• Provides smoother ride for the driver and passengers i.e. acts as cushion.
• Protects your vehicle from damage and wear .
• It also plays a critical role in maintaining self driving conditions.
• It also keeps the wheels pressed firmly to the ground for traction.
• It preserve the stability of the vehicle in pitching or rolling, while in motion.
• It isolates the body from road shocks and vibrations which would otherwise
be transferred to the passengers and load.
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MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM
• Vertical Loading: When the road wheels comes across a bump or pit on the
road, it is subjected to vertical forces, tensile or compressive, depending upon
the nature of the road irregularity. These are absorbed by the elastic
compression, shear, bending or twisting of the spring.
• Rolling: The C.O.G. of the vehicles is considerably above the ground. Due to
this reason, while taking the turns, the centrifugal force acts outwards on the
C.O.G. of vehicle, while the road resistance acts inward at the wheels. This
gives rise to a couple turning the . This is called rolling.
• Brake Dip and Squat: On braking, the nose of the vehicle has a endency to
be lowered or to dip. It depends upton the position of CG relative to the
ground, wheelbase and other suspension characteristics. This is called dip.
Similarly torque loads during acceleration tend the front of the vehicle to be
lifted. This is called squat.
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MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM…
• Side Thrust: Centrifugal force during cornering, cross-winds, cambering of
the road etc., cause a side thrust to be applied to the vehicle. Such forces are
usually absorbed by the rigidity of the leaf springs or by fitting panhard rods.
• Road Holding: The degree to which a vehicle maintains contact with the
road surface in various types of directional changes, e.g. dip, squat, cornering,
etc., and in a straight line motion is called road holding.
• Ride and handling: Ride is the qualitative ability of a vehicle to provide a
smooth, comfortable drive on a bumpy road. Handling is the ability of a
vehicle to safety accelerate, brake and corner.
• Unsprung Weight: Unsprung weigh is the weight of the vehicle components
between the suspension and the road surface. This includes rear axle
assembly, steering knuckle, front axle in case of rear axle suspension, wheels,
tyres and brakes. Thus it is seen that greater the weight of unsprung parts,
greater will be the energy stored due to vibrations and consequently greater
shocks.
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SUSPENSION SPRING
• Suspension springs are the link between wheels and car body. Suspension
springs. Their primary task is to compensate uneven road surfaces and thus
provide an assurance of high levels of ride comfort. Secondly, they must
ensure that the wheels always have safe contact with the road regardless of
its condition.
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TYPE OF SUSPENSION SPRING
• Plastic Spring
• Air Spring
• Hydraulic Spring
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LEAF SPRING
• Semi elliptic leaf springs are almost universally used for suspension in light
and heavy commercial vehicles. For car also, these are widely used for rear
suspension. The spring consists of a number of leaves called blades. The
blades vary in length and the longest blade has eyes on its ends, called as
master leaf
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LEAF SPRING
• Helper springs are provided on many commercial vehicles in addition to the
main leaf springs. They allow for a wide range of loading
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ADVANTAGES OF LEAF SPRING
• Leaf springs are very simple in setup.
• They have less moving parts connected to them.
• When a lot of weight is being carried, leaf springs spread the load out more
evenly across the vehicle's chassis than coil springs or torsion bars.
• Also, the friction produced between multiple leaves as they slide helps damp
the natural up-down rebounding effect of springs - making the ride steadier
and reducing the work instead of shock absorbers.
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DISADVANTAGES OF LEAF SPRING
• The main disadvantage with leaf springs is an axle wind-up. As torque
transferring from the rear axle through the leaf spring controls the front half
of the spring, it twists then untwists, creating a back-and-forth ricochet of
energy between the front and rear of the spring. This is known as "wheel hop"
because it causes tires to hop up and down and lose traction.
• Because leaf springs are bolted directly to rear axles, the torque generated
during hard acceleration or braking can cause axle wind-up which creates
vibration, rear-end squat, and nose-diving.
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TAPERED LEAF SPRING
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COIL SPRING
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TORSION BAR
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